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Опубліковано: 6 вересня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "X-ray diffraction technique"

1

Jensen, D. Juul, and H. F. Poulsen. "The three dimensional X-ray diffraction technique." Materials Characterization 72 (October 2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2012.07.012.

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2

Sonawane, Tushar D., Rajesh Z. Mujoriya, and Harsha N. Nandre. "Review on X-Ray Powder Diffraction Technique." Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Technology 8, no. 4 (2016): 292. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0975-4377.2016.00040.9.

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3

Gurzhiy, Vladislav V. "Single-Crystal X-Ray Diffraction." AM&P Technical Articles 178, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 32–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.amp.2020-01.p032.

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4

Noyan, I. C., and G. Sheikh. "X-ray tensile testing of thin films." Journal of Materials Research 8, no. 4 (April 1993): 764–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1993.0764.

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Анотація:
The “x-ray tensile test” is the combination of the standard uniaxial tensile test with x-ray diffraction techniques. In this test, in addition to the mechanical stress-strain values usually obtained from a tensile test, one measures the x-ray strain and stress in the diffracting regions of the sample. In multilayer thin films or in multiphase materials, x-ray diffraction enables the determination of strains and stresses in the individual layers or phases. Correlation of the x-ray data with the mechanical stress-strain values may be used to analyze strain and load partitioning within the specimen. In this paper an extended theoretical analysis of this technique and its application to evaporated Cu films on Ni substrates is presented.
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5

Hansford, G. M. "Phase-targeted X-ray diffraction." Journal of Applied Crystallography 49, no. 5 (September 1, 2016): 1561–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600576716011936.

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A powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) method to enhance the signal of a specific crystalline phase within a mixture is presented for the first time. Specificity to the targeted phase relies on finding coincidences in the ratios of crystal d spacings and the ratios of elemental characteristic X-ray energies. Such coincidences can be exploited so that the two crystal planes diffract through the same scattering angle at two different X-ray energies. An energy-resolving detector placed at the appropriate scattering angle will detect a significantly enhanced signal at these energies if the target mineral or phase is present in the sample. When implemented using high scattering angles, for example 2θ > 150°, the method is tolerant to sample morphology and distance on the scale of ∼2 mm. The principle of the method is demonstrated experimentally using Pd Lα1 and Pd Lβ1 emission lines to enhance the diffraction signal of quartz. Both a pure quartz powder pellet and an unprepared mudstone rock specimen are used to test and develop the phase-targeted method. The technique is further demonstrated in the sensitive detection of retained austenite in steel samples using a combination of In Lβ1 and Ti Kβ emission lines. For both these examples it is also shown how the use of an attenuating foil, with an absorption edge close to and above the higher-energy characteristic X-ray line, can serve to isolate to some degree the coincidence signals from other fluorescence and diffraction peaks in the detected spectrum. The phase-targeted XRD technique is suitable for implementation using low-cost off-the-shelf components in a handheld or in-line instrument format.
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6

Klevtsov, Ghennadiy Vsevolodovich, Ludmila Rafailovna Botvina, and Natal'ya Arturovna Klevtsova. "X-ray Diffraction Technique for Analysing Failed Components." ISIJ International 36, no. 2 (1996): 222–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.36.222.

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HAMAYA, Nozomu. "Polycrystalline X-ray Diffraction Technique with a DAC." REVIEW OF HIGH PRESSURE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 9, no. 4 (1999): 263–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4131/jshpreview.9.263.

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Kohara, S., N. Umesaki, H. Ohno, K. Suzuya, and I. Sakai. "The structure of oxide glasses studied by high-energy x-ray diffraction." Physics and Chemistry of Glasses: European Journal of Glass Science and Technology Part B 61, no. 6 (December 12, 2020): 233–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.13036/17533562.61.6.kohara.

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Анотація:
The use of high‑energy x‑ray diffraction techniques with the latest generation synchrotron sources has created new approaches to study quantitatively the structure of noncrystalline materials. Recently, this technique has been combined with neutron diffraction at pulsed source to provide more detailed and reliable structural information not previously available. This article reviews and summarises recent results obtained from the high energy x‑ray diffraction on several oxide glasses, SiO2, B2O3 and PbSiO3, using bending magnet beamlines at SPring‑8. In particular, it addresses the structural models of the oxide glasses obtained by the reverse Monte Carlo (RMC) modelling technique using both the high energy x‑ray and neutron diffraction data.
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Palmer, David C. "Digital analysis of X-ray films." Mineralogical Magazine 61, no. 406 (June 1997): 453–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1997.061.406.11.

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Анотація:
AbstractHigh-resolution intensity profiles can be generated from X-ray diffraction films using a desk-top scanner and computer image analysis. The resulting intensity profiles have spatial resolutions equal to, or exceeding that of modern powder diffractometers — at a fraction of the cost. This technique provides an economical way of preserving the information stored in libraries of old (and deteriorating) powder diffraction films. The same technique can also be extended to permit quantitative analysis of single-crystal diffraction films.
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Huang, T. C. "Grazing-incidence X-Ray Analysis of Surfaces and Thin Films." Advances in X-ray Analysis 35, A (1991): 143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/s0376030800008776.

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Анотація:
AbstractGrazing-incidence X-ray analysis techniques which are commonly used for the nondestructive characterization of surfaces and thin films are reviewed. The X-ray reflectivity technicue is used to study surface uniformity and oxidation, layer thickness and density, interface roughness and diffusion, etc. The grazing-incidence in-plane diffraction technique is used to determine in-plane crystallography of epitaxial films. The grazing-incidence asymmetric-Bragg diffraction is used for surface phase identification and structural depth profiling determination of polycrystalline films. Typical examples to illustrate the types of information that can be obtained by the techniques are presented.
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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "X-ray diffraction technique"

1

Hart, John Francis. "A new multiple scattering technique for X-ray photoelectron diffraction." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/30673.

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Анотація:
This thesis is concerned with the development and application of a new method of performing multiple scattering calculations of X-ray Photoelectron Diffraction (XPD) from periodic surfaces. The technique is based on the dynamical theory of Reflection High Energy Electron Diffraction (RHEED), allowing more efficient access to high photoelectron energies (1000eV and above) than is available using present calculational schemes. Convergence tests have been performed to identify the limitations of the present method. The method is applied to two overlayer systems for which XPD experimental data is available, c(2 x 2)S and c(2 x 2)O on Ni(001). For the c(2 x 2)S system, which is relatively well understood and therefore a good test system, data at four emission (take-off) angles is fitted, giving optimum agreement with the S atoms occupying hollow sites at a vertical adsorption height of between 1.30A and 1.35A. The agreement is improved slightly for the lowest two take-off angles by an outward relaxation in the top Ni-Ni layer spacing. Comparison is made with single scattering calculations for the system and the present method shown to be far superior at the lowest take-off angle. This clearly demonstrates the importance of multiple scattering at grazing emission angles. For the c(2 x 2)O system, data at two take-off angles is fitted giving optimum agreement with the O atoms in hollow sites at an adsorption height of 0.75A. By allowing a small outward relaxation in the top Ni-Ni layer spacing, an almost equally good fit to the data is found at an adsorption height of 0.80A. An offcentre bonding site which has been proposed, in which the O atoms are displaced from their hollow sites by 0.3A in the [110] direction has been considered and ruled out.
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2

He, Yue, and 贺悦. "Characterization of metal stabilization effect by X-ray diffraction technique and nano-indentation." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B47753067.

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The technological development and application of waste-to-resource strategy is significantly critical and crucial in both environmental and manufacturing industries, via which we do not only provide practical treatments to toxic waste materials but also translate them into usable products. It has been considered as a preferred method which should be applied in future wastewater treatment strategies. In this study, we investigated the process of incorporating cadmium oxide and nickel oxide into ceramic-based materials with the phases of CdAl4O7, and CdFe2O4. Such products are of less harmful effect to the natural environment and can also be of beneficial use with their good mechanical properties identified by nano-indentation. We proved the possibility and provided an opportunity to convert the waste from wastewater treatment process to a new material resource. XRD is preferred for characterizing solid mixtures to determine the relative abundances of crystalline phases during the reaction process. As a result, we can obtain the relative abundance information on the growth of the crystalline products, such as CdAl4O7, and CdFe2O4 according to the change of fabrication temperatures. In that case, the starting reaction temperature and the optimized temperature (at which the completed reaction could be achieved) could be revealed. In Cd-Al system, the starting temperature for CdAl4O7 formation is 900 °C, and the optimized formation temperature is around 1020 °C. On the other hand, for Cd-Fe system, such temperatures are of 700 °C and 850 °C correspondingly. In our research, it is shown that the ceramic-process is an effective strategy to stabilize the waste hazardous metals (cadmium and nickel) by materials such as aluminate, ferrite, and kaolin commonly used in ceramic industry. Through this method, the difficult-to-treat wasted metals would become reusable and applied in building and infrastructure projects. Products containing CdAl4O7, CdFe2O4 and NiAl2O4 have shown higher resistance to acidic leaching, comparing to CdO and NiO used as the starting materials to simulate the waste metal forms discharged from the industrial stream. Furthermore, similar measurements by alkaline attack on the sintered products (NiAl2O4 containing samples) were also studied. Besides the investigation to leaching behavior, the mechanical properties are also measured by nano-indentation in our work. The incorporation of metal waste into the fabrication of ceramic products is valuable due to the preferred stabilization mechanisms of crystal structures and the large volume of ceramic products needed by the construction industry. Furthermore, because the product safety and functionality should not be compromised, a fundamental understanding of the surface properties of metal containing phases should be further established, rather than relying solely on data from regulatory tests on bulk samples. Therefore, the results of this study demonstrate the superior mechanical properties of nickel spinel containing products, comparing to the cristobalite silica matrix, under severe acid attack.
published_or_final_version
Civil Engineering
Master
Master of Philosophy
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3

Rachwal, James D. "X-ray diffraction applications in thin films and (100) silicon substrate stress analysis." Scholar Commons, 2010. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/1745.

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Анотація:
Silicon is used as a substrate for X-ray mirrors for correct imaging. The substrate needs to be mechanically bent to produce a certain curvature in order to condition and focus the X-ray beam. The X-rays impinge a mirror at very shallow angles, in order to reduce the amount of intensity loss in the diffraction process. The X-ray mirrors need to be bent to an extremely precise profile, and even small distortions from this profile can reduce the effectiveness of the X-ray mirrors. The X-rays that impinge on the mirror also produce large amounts of heat that can change the temperature of the substrate, resulting in its thermal expansion and distortion. By measuring the distortions in-situ caused by these temperature changes it may be possible to correct for these errors. A four-point bending fixture was designed for in-situ X-ray bending experiments in order to measure the distortions to the (100) silicon sample caused by the bending setup. By being able to measure the distortion caused by the setup, in like manner it would be possible to measure distortion caused by thermal expansion. Several alignments were needed in order to obtain accurate results, including adding copper powder on top of the sample. The copper powder that was added is not under stress, and therefore will not shift its reflection peak when the sample is under bending stress, thus serving as a reference in order to make corrections. The strain results were then compared to values calculated from mechanical deflections from bending. Despite the efforts to control accuracy, a significant variation appeared in the values when the top surface was in compression. As an alternative an IONIC stress-gauge was used to measure the deflections of the sample rather than calculate them. Another alternative was to calculate the deflection of the substrate by first determining the stress in the layer deposited onto the mirror's substrate by using sin²psi technique, then using Stoney's equation to determine the change in curvature of the substrate, with the stress in the layer being known. Several tests were performed to demonstrate the ability to measure these deflections.
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4

Böhm, Jochen. "In situ tensile testing at the limits of X-ray diffraction a new synchrotron-based technique." Stuttgart Max-Planck-Inst. für Metallforschung, 2004. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=972182810.

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5

Nieh, Yeu-Perng. "Development of the large-angle oscillation technique in rapid X-ray diffraction data collection and time-resolved Laue diffraction studies of hydroxymethylbilane synthase enzyme." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.680176.

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Voufack, Ariste Bolivard. "Modélisation multi-technique de la densité électronique." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0168/document.

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Il est désormais possible, en utilisant le modèle de densité électronique résolue en spin (CRM2), de combiner les diffractions des rayons X et des neutrons (polarisés) pour déterminer les distributions électroniques de charge et de spin de matériaux magnétiques cristallins. Cette méthode permet la mise en évidence des chemins d’interactions rendant compte de l’ordre magnétique. Le modèle résolu en spin a été appliqué aux complexes de coordination avec un métal de transition portant la majorité du moment magnétique, il a été ensuite utilisé pour étudier les radicaux purs organiques contenant des électrons non appariés délocalisés sur un groupement chimique et les matériaux inorganiques. Dans le radical Nit(SMe)Ph, la modélisation des densités de charge et de spin a permis, en accord avec les résultats antérieurs, de montrer que le spin est délocalisé sur le groupe O-N-C-N-O (fonction nitronyle nitroxyde). Elle a également permis de montrer l’implication des liaisons hydrogène dans les interactions magnétiques ferromagnétique observé en dessous de 0.6K. Cette étude a mis en évidence une répartition dissymétrique de la population de spin sur les deux groupes N—O dont seuls les calculs CASSCF permettent de reproduire l’amplitude. Cette dissymétrie proviendrait d’une combinaison d’effets moléculaires et cristallins. Dans le radical p-O2NC6F4CNSSN de la famille des dithiadiazolyles, la modélisation par affinement joint montre que la majorité du spin est porté par le groupement –CNSSN en accord avec les travaux antérieurs. Grace aux propriétés topologiques de la densité de charge, des interactions halogène, chalcogène et π ont été mis en évidence. Certaines de ces interactions favorisent des couplages magnétiques, notamment les contacts S…N2 entre molécules voisines pouvant contribuer à l’ordre ferromagnétique observé à très basse température (1.3K). Quant au matériau inorganique, YTiO3, les densités de charge en phases paramagnétique et ferromagnétique ont été déterminées ainsi que la densité de spin dans la phase ferromagnétique. Les résultats de cette étude montrent que les orbitales d les plus peuplées en électrons de l’atome de Ti sont dxz et dyz.. L’ordre orbital présent dans ce matériau est observé à 100 et à 20 K suggérant que l’ordre orbitalaire est lié à la distorsion des octaèdres. La fonction d’onde de l’électron non apparié est une combinaison linéaire de ces orbitales t2g
X-ray and neutron diffraction methods can be combined to determine simultaneously electron charge and spin densities in crystals based on spin resolved electron density model developed at CRM2. This method enables to carry out the study of interaction paths leading to the observed ferromagnetic order. First applications of this model were to coordination complexes, where the unpaired electron is mainly located on the transition metal, then generalized to explore organic radicals and to inorganic materials. In radical Nit(SMe)Ph, the modeling of the experimental charge and spin densities showed localization of spin density on O-N-C-N-O group (nitronyl -nitroxyde function), in agreement with previous works. It is also evidenced the involvement of the hydrogen bonds in the magnetic interactions leading to the ferromagnetic transition at very low temperature (0.6K). This study revealed dissymmetrical spin population of the two N-O groups that only CASSCF-type calculations can reproduce in amplitude (not DFT). This dissymmetry originates from both molecular and crystal effects. In radical p-O2NC6F4CNSSN belonging to the family of dithiadiazolyl, the joint refinement showed that the majority of the spin is distributed on -CNSSN group in agreement with the previous works. From topological properties of the charge density, halogen, chalcogen and π interactions have been highlighted. The most important magnetic interactions are observed through the network formed by contacts S ... N2 between neighboring molecules leading to the ferromagnetic order below 1.23K. Concerning the inorganic material, YTiO3, the charge densities in both paramagnetic and ferromagnetic phases and spin density were modelled. The results show that the most populated d orbitals of Ti atom are dxz and dyz. The orbital ordering evidenced in this material is observed at 100 and 20 K due to the orthorhombic distorsion. The wave function of the unpaired electron is a linear combination of these particularly populated t2g orbitals
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7

Dogan, Ilker. "Fabrication And Characterization Of Aluminum Oxide And Silicon/aluminum Oxide Films With Si Nanocrystals Formed By Magnetron Co-sputtering Technique." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12609687/index.pdf.

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DC and RF magnetron co-sputtering techniques are one of the most suitable techniques in fabrication of thin films with different compositions. In this work, Al2O3 and Si/Al2O3 thin films were fabricated by using magnetron co-sputtering technique. For Al2O3 films, the stoichiometric, optical and crystallographic analyses were performed. For Si contained Al2O3 films, the formation conditions of Si nanocrystals were investigated. To do so, these thin films were sputtered on Si (100) substrates. Post annealing was done in order to clarify the evolution of Al2O3 matrix and Si nanocrystals at different temperatures. Crystallographic properties and size of the nanocrystals were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) method. The variation of the atomic concentrations and bond formations were investigated with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The luminescent behaviors of Si nanocrystals and Al2O3 matrix were investigated with photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. Finally, the characteristic emissions from the matrix and the nanocrystals were separately identified.
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8

Sibanyoni, Johannes Mlandu. "Nanostructured light weight hydrogen storage materials." University of the Western Cape, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4631.

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Philosophiae Doctor - PhD
The main objective of this study was to advance kinetic performances of formation and decomposition of magnesium hydride by design strategies which include high energy ball milling in hydrogen (HRBM), in combination with the introduction of catalytic/dopant additives. In this regard, the transformation of Mg → MgH2 by high energy reactive ball milling in hydrogen atmosphere (HRBM) of Mg with various additives to yield nanostructured composite hydrogen storage materials was studied using in situ pressure-temperature monitoring that allowed to get time-resolved results about hydrogenation behaviour during HRBM. The as-prepared and re-hydrogenated nanocomposites were characterized using XRD, high-resolution SEM and TEM, as well as measurements of the mean particle size. Dehydrogenation performances of the nanocomposites were studied by DSC / TGA and TDS; and the re-hydrogenation behaviour was investigated using Sieverts volumetric technique.
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9

Olmo, Osuna Cristian. "Ultrasound micromolding technique and real-time X-ray diffraction using synchrotron radiation : applications to porous scaffolds for biomedical devices and study of thermal-induced transitions." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672329.

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Анотація:
Current market trend is moving to miniaturized specimens, especially in the biomedical field seeking high effective and less invasive treatrnent. Ultrasound (US) micromolding is a new technique developed to the aim of producing microsized pieces based on the use of ultrasound waves as a heating source. This heating method is highly precise and can lead to produce microsized pieces with high energy and material efficiencies by using short cycling times compared to other conventional techniques. This PhD work explores further possibilities of ultrasound micromolding to the production of polymers with added value. The work is divided in two main blocks: the production of micropieces based on biodegradable polymers focused on biomedical applications and the application of this technique as a new method to obtain nanocomposites with a homogenous dispersion ofthe reinforcing material. Polylactide (PLA) was selected as polymer matrix in the first block to produce drug loaded pieces and scaffolds with antibacterial activity or increased osteoconductivity by the incorporation of hydroxyapatite (HAp). Chlorhexidine (CHX) and triclosan (TCS), selected as representative bactericide agents, were successfully loaded with a homogenous distribution into the polymer matrix Drugs were slowly released from micropieces and presented clear bactericide and bacteriostatic effect against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Microporous scaffolds have been produced from the subsequent leaching of incorporated salts. By using NaCI cavitation problems could be avoided but pores interconnections were insufficient anda small amount of water soluble polymer (i.e. polyethylene glycol) was required in order to improve the leaching process. Final scaffolds showed enhanced cell proliferation compared to non-porous PLA PLNHAp scaffolds with a porosity degree close to 35% could be achieved with relatively good mechanical properties. lncorporation of HAp increased the thermal stability, hydrophilicity and cell proliferation with respect to neat PLA specimens. Ultrasound waves are usuallycombined with the conventional method to produce nanocomposite (i.e. solution intercalation and melt mixing) to avoid nanoparticles aggregation and improve their distribution within the polymer matrix Hence the second block ofthis PhD work studies the use of ultrasound micromolding technology in nanocomposites production. To this end, Polycaprolactone and polyamide 12 were selected as polymer matrices whereas multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and Nanofil 757 (a non-organo modified clay) were chosen as reinforcing agent. Both neat polymers and their nanocom posites were successfully micromolded with minimal polymer degradation under optimal molding condition (amplitude, force and time). US micromolding technique was revealed to be efficient in getting fully exfoliated nanocomposites even when Nanofil 757 was selected. Moreover, the influence of both, MWCNTand Nanofil 757, on crystallization behaviorand morphology were systematically studied by time resolved synchrotron experiments. Crystalline polymorphic transitions of nylon 12 were also evaluated through analyses of real time synchrotron. A final chapter of this thesis is devoted to the study of structural transitions of nylons 12 9, 8 9, 4 9, 4 5 and copolymers derived from 1,4-diam inobutane and different ratios of glutaric and azelaic acids (nylon 4, 5+9) in order to achieve deeper knowledge on the series of even-odd polyam ides. These polyamides show different crystalline structure and structural transitions compared to the conventional polyamides, which root cause is still unclear.
El uso de piezas de tamaño reducido se ha extendido en los últimos años como sinónimo de evolución tecnológica, especialmente en biomedicina, donde se están realizando grandes avances con el fin de mejorar la eficiencia de los tratamientos terapéuticos y aumentar el uso de procedimientos menos invasivos. El micromoldeo por ultrasonidos (USM) es una novedosa técnica para la obtención de micropiezas caracterizada por el uso de ultrasonidos como fuente de calor; gracias a este sistema calefacción el USM presenta tiempos de ciclo extremadamente cortos y un alto rendimiento energético. El trabajo expuesto en esta tesis doctoral se divide en dos partes, un primer bloque enfocado en explorar posibles aplicaciones biomédicas de micropiezas basadas en polímeros biodegradables y un segundo bloque en el que se estudia la posibilidad del uso de dicha técnica para la preparación de nanocompuestos. La polilactida (PLA) fue seleccionada como polímero biodegradable en el primer bloque para la producción de micropiezas cargadas con fármacos y scaffolds con actividad antibacteriana o reforzada con hidroxiapatita (HAp) para incrementar su osteoconductividad. Como agentes bactericidas se escogieron clorhexidina (CHX) y triclosan (TCS), los cuales se cargaron con éxito en la matriz de PLA presentando una distribución uniforme y una clara actividad antibacteriana. Los scaffolds porosos se prepararon por un proceso indirecto al remover la sal soluble en agua tras ser moldeada junto al polímero. Aunque era factible obtener piezas de PLA cargadas con NaCI sin problemas de cavitación o degradación del polímero la conexión entre los poros era insuficiente y una gran cantidad de sal quedaba retenida en la pieza final. Con tal de incrementar dicha interconexión y conseguir un scaffolds poroso libre de NaCI fue necesario agregar polietilenglicol (PEG). Los scaffolds finales cargados con TCS presentan una mejora en la proliferación celular, un efecto bactericida y bacteriostático y una liberación más rápida. En los sistemas PLA/HAp fue crítico el uso HAp libre de impurezas para evitar cavitaciones yamarilleamiento en las muestras. La incorporación de HAp mejoró la estabilidad térmica, la hidrofobicidad y la proliferación y colonización celular. Los procesos convencionales para la producción de nanocompuestos (preparación por disolución y mezclado en fundido) suelen usar ondas de ultrasonidos para mejorar el proceso y evitar la aglomeración de las nanopartículas, aumentando así las interacciones refuerzo-polímero. Con esta premisa en mente el segundo bloque de esta tesis abarca la producción, mediante USM de dos tipos de nanocom puestos: una matriz de policaprolactona (PCL) con nanotubos de carbono (MWCNT) y una matriz de poliamida 12 (Nylon 12) con arcilla. El USM es un proceso adecuado para la obtención de nanocompuestos exfoliados en un solo paso, incluso cuando la arcilla utilizada no ha sido modificada orgánicamente (N757). La influencia de ambos agentes externos (MWCNT y N757) en el proceso de cristalización y la morfología cristalina se han estudiado mediante e>IJ) erimentos de sincrotrón en tiempo real. Las transiciones polimórficas del nylon 12 también fueron estudiadas mediante los datos recopilados en los experimentos con radiación sincrotrón. En un último bloque se han estudiado también las estructuras y transiciones estructurales de los nylons 12 9, 8 9, 4 9, 4 5, así como varias copoliamides derivadas de la 1,4-butanodiamina y distintas proporciones de ácidos glutárico y azelaico (nylon 4,5+9) mediante datos calorimétricos, espectrocópicos y de difracción de rayos X recogidos en barridos de calentamiento y enfriamiento . Estas poliamidas tipo par-impar muestran estructuras peculiares y unas transiciones estructurales diferentes a las de otras poliamidas convencionales y cuyo origen aún no está claro.
Polímers i biopolímers
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10

Böhm, Jochen [Verfasser]. "In situ tensile testing at the limits of X-ray diffraction : a new synchrotron-based technique / Institut für Metallkunde der Universität Stuttgart ... Vorgelegt von Jochen Böhm." Stuttgart : Max-Planck-Inst. für Metallforschung, 2004. http://d-nb.info/972182810/34.

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Книги з теми "X-ray diffraction technique"

1

Grant, Norton M., ed. X-Ray diffraction: A practical approach. New York: Plenum Press, 1998.

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2

1941-, Snyder R. L., ed. Introduction to X-ray powder diffractometry. New York: Wiley, 1996.

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3

Johansson, Sven A. E. PIXE: A novel technique for elemental analysis. Chichester: Wiley, 1988.

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4

E, Buhrke Victor, Jenkins Ron, and Smith, Deane K. (Deane Kingsley), eds. A practical guide for the preparation of specimens for x-ray fluorescence and x-ray diffraction analysis. New York: Wiley-VCH, 1998.

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5

D, Bartunik H., and Chance Britton, eds. Structural biological applications of x-ray absorption, scattering, and diffraction. Orlando: Academic Press, 1986.

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6

R, Helliwell John, and Rentzepis Peter M. 1934-, eds. Time-resolved diffraction. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1997.

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7

International Conference on X-ray and Related Techniques in Research and Industry (2010 Langkawi Island, Kedah, Malaysia). X-ray and related techniques: Selected, peer reviewed papers from the International Conference on X-ray and Related Techniques in Research and Industry (IXCRI [sic] 2010) held at Langkawi Island, Malaysia from 9th to 10th of June 2010. Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications, 2011.

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8

Suryanarayana, C., and M. Grant Norton. X-Ray Diffraction: A Practical Approach. Springer, 2013.

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9

Methodik der Vielkristall-Röntgendiffraktometrie: Vorträge einer Weiterbildungsveranstaltung. Leipzig: Deutscher Verlag für Grundstoffindustrie, 1992.

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10

Campbell, John L., and Sven A. E. Johansson. Pixe: A Novel Technique for Elemental Analysis. John Wiley & Sons Inc, 1988.

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Частини книг з теми "X-ray diffraction technique"

1

Knapp, G. S., M. A. Beno, G. Jennings, M. Engbretson, and M. Ramanathan. "Synchrotron and Laboratory Studies Utilizing a New Powder Diffraction Technique." In Advances in X-Ray Analysis, 653–61. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2972-9_75.

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2

Chaudhuri, J., and F. Hashmi. "Determination of Thickness of Multiple Layer Thin Films by X-ray Diffraction Technique." In Advances in X-Ray Analysis, 637–43. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5377-9_69.

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3

Pardue, E. B. S., and R. H. McSwain. "X-Ray Diffraction Stress Analysis as an NDE Technique." In Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, 1421–28. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0979-6_65.

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4

Tanyag, Rico Mayro P., Bruno Langbehn, Thomas Möller, and Daniela Rupp. "X-Ray and XUV Imaging of Helium Nanodroplets." In Topics in Applied Physics, 281–341. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94896-2_7.

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AbstractX-ray and extreme ultraviolet (XUV) coherent diffractive imaging (CDI) have the advantage of producing high resolution images with current spatial resolution of tens of nanometers and temporal resolution of tens of femtoseconds. Modern developments in the production of coherent, ultra-bright, and ultra-short X-ray and XUV pulses have even enabled lensless, single-shot imaging of individual, transient, non-periodic objects. The data collected in this technique are diffraction images, which are intensity distributions of the scattered photons from the object. Superfluid helium droplets are ideal systems to study with CDI, since each droplet is unique on its own. It is also not immediately apparent what shapes the droplets would take or what structures are formed by dopant particles inside the droplet. In this chapter, we review the current state of research on helium droplets using CDI, particularly, the study of droplet shape deformation, the in-situ configurations of dopant nanostructures, and their dynamics after being excited by an intense laser pulse. Since CDI is a rather new technique for helium nanodroplet research, we also give a short introduction on this method and on the different light sources available for X-ray and XUV experiments.
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5

Sakaida, Yoshihisa, Keisuke Tanaka, and Shintaro Harada. "Measurement of Residual Stress Distribution of Ground Silicon Nitride by Glancing Incidence X-Ray Diffraction Technique." In Advances in X-Ray Analysis, 331–38. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5377-9_37.

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Shih, Kaimin. "Quantitative X-Ray Diffraction Technique for Waste Beneficial Use Opportunities." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 43–50. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7010-6_3.

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7

Kumar Maity, Swapan, and Ramkrishna Maiti. "Identification of the Sediment Sources Using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) Technique." In SpringerBriefs in Earth Sciences, 57–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71315-1_4.

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Shin, Y. C., S. J. Oh, and C. O. Ruud. "Interrogation of Residual Stresses of Machined Surface by an X-ray Diffraction Technique." In Nondestructive Characterization of Materials IV, 409–18. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0670-0_50.

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Fitting, Dale W., William P. Dube’, and Thomas A. Siewert. "High Energy X-Ray Diffraction Technique for Monitoring Solidification of Single Crystal Castings." In Nondestructive Characterization of Materials VIII, 217–21. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4847-8_34.

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Yoo, Keun Bong, and Jae Hoon Kim. "Assessment of Fatigue Life for High-Temperature Pipeline Welds Using X-Ray Diffraction Technique." In Key Engineering Materials, 130–33. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-456-1.130.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "X-ray diffraction technique"

1

Clemens, B. M., A. P. Payne, T. C. Hufnagel, J. A. Bain, and S. Brennan. "In-Situ Grazing Incidence X-Ray Diffraction During Sputter Deposition." In Physics of X-Ray Multilayer Structures. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/pxrayms.1992.wa4.

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Many aspects of thin film growth can be studied most directly using in-situ techniques. These include a host of critical phenomena which are only observed for very thin layers and are no longer available for study if the film is grown to bulk levels. Although sputter deposition is a very widely used deposition technique both in research and industry, in-situ studies of film growth during sputter deposition are rare. This is primarily because the sputtering gas precludes the use of conventional electron diffraction techniques. Photon based diffraction techniques, on the other hand, are immune to the deleterious effects of the argon sputtering gas and offer a powerful method for investigating film structure provided a source of sufficient brightness is used. We recently performed experiments in which grazing incidence x-ray scattering (GIXS)[1] using synchrotron radiation was implemented in-situ to study film growth by sputter deposition . A special UHV deposition chamber was developed with appropriate x-ray windows and precision sample positioning mechanisms needed in performing a diffraction experiment [2]. During the initial test of this new technique and apparatus, we examined two metal/metal systems: gadolinium/cobalt and molybdenum/nickel.
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2

Priyanto, T. H., N. Suparno, Setiawan, M. R. Muslih, Abarrul Ikram, Agus Purwanto, Sutiarso, Anne Zulfia, Sunit Hendrana, and Zeily Nurachman. "Texture and Structure Analysis of AluminumA-1050 using Neutron Diffraction Technique." In NEUTRON AND X-RAY SCATTERING 2007: The International Conference. AIP, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2906101.

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3

Muslih, M. Refai, I. Sumirat, Sairun, Purwanta, Abarrul Ikram, Agus Purwanto, Sutiarso, Anne Zulfia, Sunit Hendrana, and Zeily Nurachman. "Internal Stress Distribution Measurement of TIG Welded SUS304 Samples Using Neutron Diffraction Technique." In NEUTRON AND X-RAY SCATTERING 2007: The International Conference. AIP, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2906103.

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4

Jingzhu Hu, Ho-kwang Mao, Jinfu Shu, and Russell J. Hemley. "High-pressure energy dispersive X-ray diffraction technique with synchrotron radiation." In High-pressure science and technology—1993. AIP, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.46138.

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5

Fukuyama, Yoshimitsu, Nobuhiro Yasuda, Shigeru Kimura, Yoshihito Tanaka, Hitoshi Osawa, Jungeun Kim, Haruno Murayama, et al. "Pump-probe X-ray Diffraction Technique for Irreversible Phase Change Materials." In SRI 2009, 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION. AIP, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3463176.

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6

Fowler, Alex J., and Mehmet Toner. "X-Ray Diffraction Studies of Laser Created Amorphous Ice." In ASME 1998 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1998-0811.

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Abstract This paper reports on the results of x-ray diffraction studies of laser created amorphous ice. Ice is rapidly solidified by using a laser pulse to selectively target a thin ice layer that is in contact with glass at cryogenic temperatures. The laser pulse creates a region of liquid water which is in direct contact with the cold glass surface. The water refreezes at cooling rates of up to 1 million degrees per second. In this paper the effectiveness of this technique for creating amorphous ice from dilute aqueous solutions is evaluated using x-ray diffraction. It has been shown previously that this laser based freezing technique can be modified to allow for the rapid freezing of cells and tissue, and thus the ability of this technique to create amorphous ice suggests cryopreservation without cryoprotectants may be possible.
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7

Abdali, S., F. E. Christensen, K. D. Joensen, K. Mogensen, L. Gerward, and J. Garnæs. "X-Ray, HRTEM and AFM Analysis of Thick and Thin Ni/C Multilayers." In Physics of X-Ray Multilayer Structures. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/pxrayms.1994.mc.7.

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The evaluation of interface roughness as a function of the film thickness (100-500 layers) have been studied. The combination of X-ray reflectivity, High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HREM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) has provided detailed information about the structure of the deposited multilayers. Here we demonstrate the results and a comparison of these methods on three Ni/C multilayers of comparable periods (39Å<d<45Å) on Si single crystal substrates. The HREM investigation, using a cross-section technique, has shown interesting results, in that the Ni layers contained nanocrystalized particles. A diffraction pattern from such a sample revealed superlattice Bragg diffraction of the multilayer structure, the (110) diffraction pattern of the silicon substrate and diffuse rings of the amorphous carbon. No rings were observed for the crystalline Ni. Graded d-spacing multilayers were also investigated. The same preparation technique, used for HREM analysis, was employed for the AFM, not to study the surface of the multilayers but in order to make further characterization of the interface roughness of the multilayers. Comparisons of the results obtained by X-ray reflectivity and high resolution microscopy are reported.
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8

Fiala, Jaroslav, Vaclav Mentl, Vladislav Kolarik, and Michal Chocholousek. "Evaluation of Fatigue Damage by X-Ray Diffraction Technique of Steam Turbine Rotor Steels at Elevated Temperatures." In ASME 2009 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2009-77386.

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In many industrial applications materials are subjected to degradation of mechanical properties as a result of real service conditions. The assessment of the remaining lifetime of components and structures is commonly based on correlated procedures including numerous destructive, non-destructive and mathematical techniques that should guarantee reasonable precise assessment of the current damage extent of materials in question and the remnant lifetime assessment. The assessment of the remaining lifetime by X-ray diffraction technique is based on the fact that mechanical properties of the most materials depend strongly on crystallite size and orientation of ingredients, which are the crucial parameters for the determination of the ageing state and the prediction of residual lifetime of the components. X-ray diffraction technique proved to be useful as a tool for the assessment of material degradation extent after a long-time service. Framework 5 project “XPECTION” [1] was dealing with this task with respect to high temperature creep degradation of boiler tube steels. In this presentation, the X-ray diffraction technique was applied to reveal subtle details of the microstructural changes induced by fatigue. Several steam turbine rotor steels were fatigue tested at elevated temperatures up to 600°C at strain control regime. After the tests, the X-ray diffraction method was used to correlate the extent of fatigue damage with the X-Ray diffraction patterns to be able to assume the life-time exhaustion caused by fatigue loading in service.
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9

Delijaicov, Sergio, Hugo Resende, Mario Henrique Batalha, and João Paulo Buoro Perandini. "Residual stresses in aluminum alloy AA7475-T761 using X-Ray diffraction technique." In 24th ABCM International Congress of Mechanical Engineering. ABCM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.26678/abcm.cobem2017.cob17-0683.

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Wang, Yang, and Dayong Lu. "STUDY ON ORAL ULCER POWDER USING TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT X-RAY DIFFRACTION TECHNIQUE." In International Conference on New Materials and Intelligent Manufacturing (ICNMIM). Volkson Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/icnmim.01.2018.104.106.

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Звіти організацій з теми "X-ray diffraction technique"

1

Holden, T., J. Root, and R. Hosbons. CWI1988-Andi-12 Neutron Diffraction of Axial Residual Strains in the Vicinity of a Girth Weld. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), April 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011390.

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Recent research has shown that neutron diffraction is a practical non-destructive method for determining residual strains in the vicinity of a girth weld in line pipe. The basis of the technique is that the distance between planes of atoms is used as a miniature, directional, internal strain gauge, just as for X-ray measurements. However, the penetration of neutrons into metals ls from 1000 to 10,000 times greater than that of X-rays, so that measurements may easily be made throughout the thickness of steel pipe including the region of the weld itself. The purpose of the present measurements was to characterize the axial residual strains remaining in linepipe after two pieces had been joined with a girth weld. This report summarizes the measurements of the axial residual strains in each of two pipes of thickness 11 and 16 mm at the 6:00, 1:30 and 10:00 positions.
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2

Kirz, Janos, and Chris Jacobsen. X-ray microimaging by diffractive techniques. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/794176.

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Saw, C., T. Lian, S. Day, and J. Farmer. X-ray Diffraction Techniques for Structural Determination of Amorphous Materials. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/900132.

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4

Williams, Stefan Thurston DuBard. Materials Characterization Techniques Lecture Series: X-Ray Diffraction. Summary of LANL's Materials Capabilities in MPA-11. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1633561.

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5

(X-ray microimaging by diffractive techniques). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5819424.

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X ray microimaging by diffractive techniques. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7005623.

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[X-ray microimaging by diffractive techniques]. Progress report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10114442.

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