Добірка наукової літератури з теми "World Cup (Soccer) (2010 : South Africa) http"

No longer is there a question of whether the football World Cup is an immense media spectacle; instead, the question now is how immense the World Cup is in the overall human experience. Despite all the global excitement related to the World Cup, the bulk of the general U.S. public is seemingly exempt from the charms of the World Cup. This article examines American media coverage of the 2010 FIFA Men’s World Cup. A qualitative content analysis identified 6 major themes in U.S. popular-press coverage of the event in South Africa, highlighting the communicative undercurrents of media discussions in order to comprehend the disconnect between American attitudes toward the World Cup and those held by the rest of the world. Themes of media discourse range from the increase in participation of Americans in soccer to resistance to mainstreaming soccer in popular culture to how soccer affects cultural literacy. Overall, the results indicate some enthusiasm for World Cup soccer while outlining stronger resistance for the sport in general. Potential future research projects related to this line of inquiry are also suggested.

PURPOSE This study comprehensively examined the aerodynamic and flight characteristics of modern soccer balls, focusing on their design evolution and performance attributes. METHODS The aerodynamic characteristics of five types of World Cup balls (2006 Germany World Cup, 2010 South Africa World Cup, 2014 Brazil World Cup, 2018 Russia World Cup, 2022 Qatar World Cup) and five types of Euro tournament balls (EURO2008, EURO2012, EURO2016, EURO2020, EURO2024) were examined, along with their respective design changes. RESULTS Through detailed analysis, significant variations in aerodynamic properties among soccer balls used in various tournaments were identified. Recent advancements have resulted in faster transitions towards critical Reynolds numbers, indicating improved stability in flight trajectories. This enhancement was attributed to the augmentation of surface roughness, which plays a crucial role in enhancing aerodynamic stability and overall performance. 2D simulations simulating powerful goalkeeper kicks revealed distinct differences in flight distances among different soccer balls; the Jabulani ball used in the 2010 World Cup exhibited the longest flight distance, while that of the 2024 Euro ball was the shortest. CONCLUSIONS Variations in surface texture significantly impact aerodynamic properties, affecting flight distance, arrival time, and height. This study underscores the significant design enhancements in modern soccer balls that optimize aerodynamic stability and performance, with modifications aimed at improving flight characteristics and enriching player experience.

The 2010 FIFA World Cup™ tournament provided an opportunity for South Africa to showcase its unique beauty and attractiveness as an international tourist destination. However, the trepidation over crime emerged as a key concern in relation to South Africa’s ability to host a successful 2010 FIFA World Cup™. This study investigates 398 foreign tourists’ perceptions of South Africa during the soccer tournament, especially regarding crime and safety concerns. A questionnaire was distributed among tourists in Cape Town and Johannesburg; two of the major host cities and semi-final and final venues respectively. Findings reveal that most respondents had positive perceptions of South Africa as a holiday destination. Two-thirds of those interviewed agreed that South Africa was a safe place to visit. Over half of respondents were not concerned about their safety while in South Africa. Several individual factors were found to affect their crime-risk perceptions of which the most significant was nationality. Most notably, soccer tourists from the Middle East felt the safest, whereas those from South America and Western Europe felt the least safe. Crime-safety issues did not appear to affect respondents’ future travel intentions, as the majority of study respondents said crime-safety concerns would not deter them from returning to South Africa. The findings of the study are useful to practitioners and contribute to the development of staging major sporting events in Africa, specifically, and globally more generally, in the future.

At this time of the World Cup, now taking place in South Africa, we are being treated to some of the best built and clearly best nourished young men on the soccer pitch. This is the 19th FIFA World Cup, the ultimate international association football tournament which takes a whole month to conclude with a winner, a champion. The whole process, however, starts with a qualification process that spans over a period of 3 years. All this requires players to be healthy and to stay fit. As we observe their physique, it is possible to deduce these young men have been well fed, and that what they have on their body is more muscle than fat. The amount of running and physical exertion use up a lot of energy both immediate and stored. The bone structure of a player has to be strong and enduring

The current study examined how U.S. soccer fans’ multimedia exposure to the 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa and psychological factors affected purchase intention of sponsored products in an integrated model. The model tested the influence of multimedia exposure on attitude toward the sponsored products, important others’ voices, and self-control toward the brands, which could affect purchase intention. In addition, the influence of past experience with the sponsored brands on purchase intention was tested in the model. A self-reported online survey was distributed to two university communities in the U.S. after the 2010 FIFA World Cup. The analysis of 650 responses reported that multimedia exposure did not directly influence purchase intention of sponsored products, but indirectly affected intention through psychological factors (attitude and subjective norm). U.S. audiences of the 2010 FIFA World Cup tended to be affected by value, excitement, emotional feeling, and others’ voice rather than self-controlled determination for purchase intention of sponsored products. The results tested in the integrated model indicate that multimedia exposure to the FIFA World Cup is likely to foster a social facilitation atmosphere which positively influences purchase intention.

Learners are often tasked with activities that require them to solve problems in mathematics classrooms. Problem posing is one of the teaching strategies that can enable learners to appreciate the mathematics concepts to be extracted from familiar or everyday situations. However, problem posing, as a teaching and learning strategy, is mostly under-utilised, despite its potential to enhance mathematics learning. This article explores how Grade 11 learners pose Mathematics and Mathematical Literacy questions from a 2010 FIFA World Cup soccer match and determines the extent to which the questions posed by learners mirror the given soccer context. The study involved 42 participants, comprising 22 Mathematics and 20 Mathematical Literacy learners from a high school in the Soshanguve township in Tshwane, South Africa. Participants were selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through a written task in which learners were given a scenario in the form of an extract from a 2010 FIFA World Cup soccer match report. The qualitative findings of the study show that learners were generally capable of posing or formulating questions based on the real-life soccer context provided. The analysis showed that (a) Mathematics learners formulated more questions with more mathematical terms in them than Mathematical Literacy learners did, and (b) Mathematical Literacy learners formulated questions that were more aligned to the analysis of the game than was the case with Mathematics learners. We argue that learners’ responses to the task were consistent with how they were socialised with the Mathematics and Mathematical Literacy discourse.

AbstractIntroduction: The aim of this study was to describe the current state of disaster preparedness in hospitals in the public sector in the Western Cape, South Africa with the advent of the FIFA 2010 Soccer World Cup. The objectives included the completion of a self-reported assessment of readiness at all Western Cape public sector hospitals, to identify best practice and shortfalls in these facilities, as well as putting forward recommendations for improving disaster preparedness at these hospitals.Methods: The National Department of Health, as part of the planning for the FIFA 2010 World Cup, appointed an expert committee to coordinate improvements in disaster medicine throughout the country. This workgroup developed a Self Reported Hospital Assessment Questionnaire, which was sent to all hospitals across the country. Data only were collected from public hospitals in the Western Cape and entered onto a purpose-built database. Basic descriptive statistics were calculated. Ethical approval was obtained from the Health Sciences Faculty Research Committee of the University of Cape Town.Results: Twenty-seven of the 41 (68%) public hospitals provided completed data on disaster planning. The study was able to ascertain what infrastructure is available and what planning already has been implemented at these institutions.Recommendations: Most hospitals in the Western Cape have a disaster plan for their facility. Certain areas need more focus and attention; these include: (1) increasing collaborative partnerships; (2) improving HAZMAT response resources; (3) specific plans for vulnerable populations; (4) contingency plans for communication failure; (5) visitor, media and VIP dedicated areas and personnel; (6) evacuation and surge capacity plans; and (7) increased attention to training and disaster plan exercises.

English There is a wide spectrum of views on the potential socio-economic and socio-political consequences of South Africa hosting the Soccer 2010 World Cup. This article discusses whether this major sports event holds potential to contribute to a strengthened national identity and consciousness and/or to a narrow nationalism, and looks at possible implications for society and social work. French Il existe un large éventail de points de vue sur les conséquences socioéconomiques et sociopolitiques de la tenue du Mondial de football 2010 en Afrique du Sud. Cet article examine si cet événement sportif de grande envergure peut contribuer à renforcer la conscience et l’identité nationale ou au contraire donner lieu à un nationalisme étroit, et il envisage les conséquences possibles sur la société et le travail social. Spanish Son muchos los puntos de vista acerca de posibles consecuencias socioeconómicas y sociopolíticas de que la Copa Mundial del 2010 tenga lugar en Sudáfrica. Se explora si este importante evento deportivo tiene el potencial de contribuir a fortalecer la identidad y conciencia nacional, y/o un nacionalismo estrecho. Se examinan las posibles implicaciones para la sociedad y el trabajo social.

ABSTRACTObjectives:In 2010, South Africa (SA) hosted the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) World Cup (soccer). Emergency Medical Services (EMS) used the SA mass gathering medicine (MGM) resource model to predict resource allocation. This study analyzed data from the World Cup and compared them with the resource allocation predicted by the SA mass gathering model.Methods:Prospectively, data were collected from patient contacts at 9 venues across the Western Cape province of South Africa. Required resources were based on the number of patients seeking basic life support (BLS), intermediate life support (ILS), and advanced life support (ALS). Overall patient presentation rates (PPRs) and transport to hospital rates (TTHRs) were also calculated.Results:BLS services were required for 78.4% (n = 1279) of patients and were consistently overestimated using the SA mass gathering model. ILS services were required for 14.0% (n = 228), and ALS services were required for 3.1% (n = 51) of patients. Both ILS and ALS services, and TTHR were underestimated at smaller venues.Conclusions:The MGM predictive model overestimated BLS requirements and inconsistently predicted ILS and ALS requirements. MGM resource models, which are heavily based on predicted attendance levels, have inherent limitations, which may be improved by using research-based outcomes.

This study is a qualitative analysis of citizen journalists’ blog posts relating to the Gautrain Projectin South Africa, with a main focus on the Gautrain’s readiness to commence operations on 8 June2010 for the 2010 FIFA Soccer World Cup. This article is based on sections of a current MTechstudy on citizen journalism. Citizen journalism as a phenomenon is examined within the context of the blogosphere. Thegatekeeping theory is used as an approach to journalism in the online environment. So far, only avery limited number of studies have specifically addressed gatekeeping in the online environmentwhere citizen journalists decide what is news and which issues need to be raised on the publicsphere agenda. In the online context this is sometimes referred to as gatewatching.Although not professionally trained journalists, citizen journalists often perform the samegatekeeping functions as professional journalists. As gatewatchers of mainstream media content,press releases and other background information, citizen journalists may reintroduce debate inthe public sphere and introduce new insights previously overlooked by the mainstream media.This article demonstrates how citizen journalists acted as editorial ‘gatewatchers’ on the topic ofthe Gautrain project’s readiness for the 2010 FIFA Soccer World Cup in terms of seven categories.It also illustrates that when functioning as editorial gatewatchers, citizen journalists have thepotential to establish new criteria for newsworthiness in the public sphere.

Mega-events are associated with significant positive implications such as enhanced international exposure of the host, improved infrastructure, increased tourist numbers, higher employment levels and tax revenues, greater feelings of patriotism among host region residents and integration of the host into the international community. Supporters of events have claimed that the occasions stimulate prominent economic gains for the host region. The economic and tourism growth that occurred in Barcelona following the 1992 Olympic Games is erroneously cited by proponents of hosting as an example of the potential benefits that an event can derive on the host. Those Games were not the sole driver of growth in the region. An analysis of previous mega-events, demonstrated that net benefits were not a necessary consequence of hosting. Comparison of pre-event estimates of the economic impact and their actual effects are universally divergent. The observation was validated by the consensus academic opinion that economic impact studies systematically overstate the benefits of hosting, and underestimate the costs. Further, different forward-looking studies of the same event, calculate vastly different predictions. The tools for calculating the economic impact, specifically Input-Output Analysis and Computable General Equilibrium, do not provide useful predictions given their dependence on the inaccurate data. With 2010 cost data having continually increased since 2003, determining the appropriate inputs to an I-O or CGE is problematic. It was identified that the weight given to the multiplier effect was also a factor in the amplification of the expected benefits. Given the poor data sets available as inputs to I-O and CGE models, the study concentrated on conducting a comprehensive Cost-Benefit Analysis of the determinants of the economic impact of the 2010 World Cup based on the premise that the identification of the relative costs and benefits of staging the event was regarded as a greater contribution to the body of knowledge on the topic. It can be expected that there will not be significant short-term economic gains; this study predicted a net cost of R8.4bn, which is marginally offset by short-term net intangible benefits. The short-term economic consequences of the 2010 World Cup are expected to be overshadowed by the long-term effects on revenues within the tourism industry. The image implication of hosting 2010 is the most salient factor in considering the economic impact of 2010, as an alteration in the national image can have long-term effects on FDI and tourism. It is however not a certainty that the international exposure that South Africa receives will be beneficial, in the instance that the World Cup is characterised by poor organisational measures or crime. The net impact of hosting is expected to be a function of the long-term benefits, which can be expected to exceed the short-terms costs, and derive a cumulative net benefit from staging 2010. The World Cup is however unlikely to stimulate the economic growth rate above levels that would have occurred had the event not been held in South Africa.

The study investigates South Africa’s actions and efforts within environmental and climate issues in relation to the country’s hosting of the 2010 FIFA Soccer World Cup. The investigation is conducted by applying idea analysis on the empirical material in order to highlight what ideas South Africa might have when it comes to environmental and climate related measures in connection to the World Cup. The two theories of Behavioralism and Rational Choice are to be compared in order to reveal the true reasons for South Africa’s environmental actions. In addition, an own-formulated hypothesis which claims that measures within environmental issues are improved due to the 2010 World Cup is tested against the empirical material. Results are presented as a review over what is being done today within environmental and climate issues in South Africa and these answers are then connected to the World Cup as it is analyzed concerning how the event affects the country’s policies and efforts within these areas. Finally, a concluding discussion states what role environmental and climate issues have in connection to a major sporting event such as the 2010 FIFA World Cup and how South Africa administers this opportunity to act accordingly and present itself to the rest of the world.

Thesis (DTech (Tourism and Hospitality Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016.
The hosting of mega-events such as the 2010 FIFA World CupTM create expectations from the host nation, especially in the host cities. This is largely due to the impacts associated with the hosting of such events. Planning is perceived to be at the centre of successful hosting of such events. Planning also assists in making sure that benefits from such events are maximised and costs minimised. Events like the 2010 FIFA World CupTM do not only require high level planning but also a multi-stakeholder approach. With South Africa and the continent hosting the FIFA World CupTM for the first time since its inception, expectations were rising from both host and non-host areas. The study investigates a multi-stakeholder approach to planning on the 2010 FIFA World CupTM initiatives conducted by a non-host area - Cape Winelands District Municipality (CWDM), Western Cape, South Africa. The location of the CWDM is less than 45 minutes from the host city (Cape Town). By virtue of its close proximity, the CWDM positioned itself to leverage from the event as a result of possible spill-over effects. The study was driven mainly by five objectives. These include the identification of 2010 FIFA World CupTM planning initiatives, assessment of planning initiatives in relation to beneficiation of local municipalities, gaining an understanding of ways in which various stakeholders are involved in the planning initiatives, ascertaining ways in which various stakeholders perceive the benefits/spill-over effects and examining the alignment, integration and co-ordination of the 2010 FIFA World CupTM planned initiatives in the CWDM. In pursuing these objectives, both qualitative and quantitative research methods were used in the collection of data. Respondents included residents (n=1 250), established businesses (n=108) and CWDM officials (n=5), using stratified random sampling, convenient sampling and purposive sampling, respectively. A total of 1 363 questionnaires were administered among the respondents of the study.

Thesis (MTech (Tourism and Hospitality Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2009
Football is considered one of the most important sports in several of the 53 countries in Africa, with the largest viewership and participation.

Dissertation submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Master of Technology: Tourism and Hospitality Management in the Faculty of Business at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology 2013
The continent of Africa hosted the FIFA World Cup™ for the first time in 2010. The historical hosting of Africa‟s first mega-event by South Africa was deemed to be a key opportunity to initiate and promote socio-economic legacies for local South Africans. Therefore, the importance of examining visitor experiences and perceptions of the event cannot be overemphasised. The global struggle for competitive advantage, national reputation or nation branding is in recent times more and more significant as countries compete for attention, respect and trust of investors, tourists, consumers, donors, immigrants and media. Assessing visitors‟ experiences can contribute significantly to knowledge management and inform the planning of future events to leverage positive benefits while minimising the negative impacts. In this study, visitors‟ perceptions of the event are examined using Nelson Mandela Bay / Port Elizabeth (one of the nine [9] host cities for the 2010 event) as a case study. A spatially-based systematic sampling technique was used to interview visitors at fan parks and in the Nelson Mandela Bay Stadium precinct during the 2010 FIFA World Cup™. Face-to-face interviews were conducted and in all, two thousand, two hundred and twenty-five (n=2225) visitors were interviewed. The key findings reveal that many of the visitors came from the key tourism source markets of South Africa (the United Kingdom [UK], Germany, the Netherlands, the United States of America [USA] and France), were men and had an average age of thirty three (33) years. They generally had positive perceptions about the hosting of the event and the quality of tourism facilities and services on offer during their stay in Nelson Mandela Bay / Port Elizabeth, and South Africa generally. Additionally, many visitors suggested that the hosting of the event in Nelson Mandela Bay / Port Elizabeth offered an opportunity to experience a different tourism destination, with potential for future repeat visitations. However, the city was found to be a poor responsible tourism destination and as not being a good value-for-money destination. During the event, the Nelson Mandela Bay / Port Elizabeth region arguably drew its biggest international crowd as it usually receives fewer international tourists when compared to other regions in South Africa. The study therefore underscores the need for local tourism authorities to devise strategies aimed at capitalising on the exposure garnered through the hosting of the event and at maximising the opportunity to tap into new tourism markets with a view to increasing international visitation in a province that is said to attract only five percent of South Africa‟s international visitors.

Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2011.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: During the last decade, a significant trend could be observed with regards to the growth of the number of sport for development initiatives globally, as well as the increasing range of stakeholders involved in the sport for development field. Many international organisations and institutions began to put more emphasis on the use of sport and sport activities to initiate social change. This was further observed with the growing trends in sport for development activities within the Global South. In order to explore the impacts of the trends in sport for development, this study examined the recent sport for development trends in South Africa and in what way the 2010 FIFA World Cup has affected it. This study attempts to do this by exploring the historical underpinnings of sport for development in South Africa, as well as current trends in the field. The study further examines the sport for development initiatives that have been implemented during the 2010 FIFA World Cup, and explores their ramifications for the sport for development landscape in South Africa. With its assessment of the sport for development legacies of the 2010 FIFA World Cup, this study builds on the existing international literature by an increasing number of scholars assessing the trends in sport for development as well as evaluating the effectiveness of the field for promoting development. Moreover, due to the recent increase in developing countries in the Global South hosting sport mega-events, with a purpose to achieve social development objectives through the event (for example, South Africa and the 2010 World Cup), this study builds on literature examining a potential link between sport mega-events and sport for development. As a point of departure this study looked to provide an overview of the sport for development field, the recent debates raised among scholars as well as a theoretical framework informing the field. The study then looked towards the historical underpinnings of sport for development in South Africa, creating a framework for the analysis of the empirical study regarding the sport for development initiatives implemented during the World Cup. The main findings of this study included the rapid growth of sport for development initiatives during the World Cup period, the increase and range in public and private actors forming institutional arrangements and partnerships in sport for development initiatives and the outcomes and implications of those trends for the South African sport for development context. Through the hosting of the 2010 FIFA World Cup, it was found that the sport mega-event was ultimately used as a strategic opportunity for initiatives to achieve objectives and aims including the creation of awareness of initiatives, potentially meeting new partners and funders, and increasing participant numbers. Moreover, through the formation of institutional arrangements and partnerships, implementing organisations could potentially ensure sustainability of the initiative due to the resources made available by the range of partners involved. It must be noted however, that although the 2010 FIFA World Cup was used strategically by the sport for development initiatives implemented during that period, sport mega-events cannot be said to achieve social development objectives, especially those of sport for development, due to the many neoliberal tendencies that is found in the hosting of the event.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Gedurende die laaste dekade was 'n kenmerkende / belangrike trant opgemerk, t.o.v. die groei van die getal globale sport vir ontwikkeling, sowel as die toename van rolspelers betrokke by die ontwikkeling van sport. Baie internasionale organiSuid-Afrikasies en inrigtings sit meer klem op die gebruik van sport en aktiwiteite om sosiale verandering uit te oefen. Die is verder opmerkend met die groeiende trant van sport-ontwikkeling in die Globale lande. Om die impak van sport-ontwikkeling te ondersoek, het hierdie studie die onlangse sportontwikkeling trant in Suid-Afrika getoets, asook die manier hoe die 2010 FIFA Wêreld-beker dit beinvloed het. Die navorsing probeer dit doen deur die historiese ondersteuning van sportontwikkeling in Suid-Afrika te ondersoek, sowel as die huidige trant. Dié navorsing ondersoek ook die sport-ontwikkeling inisiatief wat geinplimenteer was gedurende die 2010 FIFA Wêreld-beker, asook die vertakking van sport-ontwikkeling in Suid-Afrika. Met die assesering van die sport-ontwikkeling van die 2010 FIFA Wêreld-beker, gaan hierdie studie op die huidige internasionale literatuur bou by die groei van die getal narvorsers wat die trant in sport-ontwikkeling en evaluering wat die uitwerking op sport-ontwikkeling bevorder. Sodoende, met die onlangse groei van ontwikkelinde lande tussen Globale lande wat groot sport byeenkomste huisves, met die doel om sosiale ontwikkeling te bereik (bv. Suid-Afrika en die 2010 Wêreld-beker), gaan hierdie studie die Literatuur ondersoek van ‘n potensiale koppeling tussen mega-sport byeenkomste en sport-ontwikkeling opbou. Hierdie studie verskaf 'n oorsig van sport-ontwikkeling as 'n vetrek-punt om die onlangse debatte tussen leerders en die teoretiese raamwerk in die veld in te lig. Die studie kyk ook na die historiese ondersteuning vir sport-ontwikkeling in Suid-Afrika, deur ‘n raamwerk in die analise van die studie m.b.t. sport-ontwikkeling inisiatief tydens die Wêreld-beker te skep. Die hoof bevindings van hierdie studie sluit in die vinnige groei van sport-ontwikkeling inisiatief tydens die Wêreld-beker; die toename en reeks publieke en private ondersteuners wat instansie rëelings vorm en verhoudings in sport-ontwikkeling en die uitkoms en implikasies in die Suid-Afrika konteks. Deur die 2010 FIFA Wêreld-beker te huisves, het hierdie mega-sport gebeurtenis eintlik 'n strategiese geleentheid om doele te bereik, insluitend die bewustheid van inisiatief, die ontmoeting van nuwe genote en skenkers, asook die groei in deelname. Verder, deur die formasie van instansie rëelings en verhoudings, implementerende organisasies kan potensiale Suid-Afrikasies kan potensiale steun verseker, a.g.v. die bronne beskikbaar gemaak deur die betrokke vennote. Kennis moet geneem word dat al was die 2010 FIFA Wêreld-beker strateties gebruik om sport-ontwikkeling te implementeer tydens hierdie periode, groot sport byeenkomste kan nie verantwoordelik gehou word vir sosiale ontwikkeling doelwitte, veral vir sport-ontwikkeling, a.g.v. die neo-liberale tendens wat by die huisvesting van hierdie geleenthede gevind word.

Thesis (MTech( Tourism and Hospitality Management))-- Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2011
South Africa goes down in the annals of African history as the first nation on the continent to host an edition of the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) World Cup in 2010. The event has been well publicised by the host nation as an “African World Cup”, with a number of economic, socio-cultural and political legacies projected for all of Africa’s citizens. Such a scenario has triggered hope of anticipated benefits in the minds of such citizens. In this light, several studies in relation to mega-events and the 2010 FIFA World Cup™, linked to perceptions of the event impact on relevant stakeholders, has mainly targeted local South African communities. Given that the event was designed and planned within the framework of an African affair, and with South Africa’s demographic groups being inclusive of resident African immigrants, the study attempted to determine the perceptions of such immigrants residing in Cape Town with respect to the 2010 FIFA World Cup™ and its associated African legacy. The study was conducted before the hosting of the World Cup and the assessment was therefore prospective. In all, 450 questionnaires were administered to respondents in different areas in Cape Town by means of the simple convenient sampling method. Of such questionnaires, 406 were deemed usable and therefore formed the sample size for the study. The key findings of the study in terms of demographic profile reveal the average age of respondents to be 30 years, with more men than women participating in the study. Although the study confirms the male domination of football in terms of participation, increased participation by women is noted in the study. Furthermore, the findings also indicate a high level of participation of resident African immigrants in Cape Town during the 2010 FIFA World Cup™, as spectators, volunteers and operators of small businesses. Most respondents perceived the event as generating positive economic benefits for South Africa and the African continent as a whole. However, the respondents noted concerns regarding the issues of crime, the disruption of daily lives and the increase in the price of goods and services that could result from the hosting. Findings further revealed that a slight majority of respondents were aware of the projected African legacy of the 2010 FIFA World Cup™. The study provides the basis for future research into the perceptions of African immigrants in relation to sport mega-events in Africa. The different roles assumed by such immigrants and the initiatives undertaken in preparation for the event warrants a post-event assessment with a view to determine any shift in perceptions and expectations that might pave the way for a comparative analysis to be done.

Thesis (DTech(Design)--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2009
Universal Design (UD), as it is known in the USA and elsewhere, is an inclusive approach to designing for the broader population and is rapidly gaining popularity amongst design practitioners and planners globally. Similar non-exclusive approaches have evolved in diverse parts of the world to counter the systemic disablement and exclusion of vulnerable/special populations of users perpetuated by traditional approaches to design. The transdisciplinary field of UD is informed by concilience in accommodating a wide range of related fields, such as education, landscape architecture, architecture, town and regional planning, industrial/product/three-dimensional design, furniture design, interior design, communication/information/graphic design, interaction design, human-computer interaction (HCI)/usability studies, and ergonomics/human factors engineering. UD proposes a collaborative systems approach that benefits from the synergies of cross-functionalism by approaching the diverse challenges facing society through socially responsible design. In so doing, UD can potentially impact such diverse issues as health, transportation, inclusive education, sports and recreation, entertainment, social welfare, inclusive employment, transgenerational/lifespan housing, inclusive tourism, accessibility, safety, and ecological concerns on sustainability.

Thesis (MTech (Business Administration)--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2009
Over the years, the history of football has been characterised by several incidents of violence and disasters. According to Helding et al. (2002:4) globally, since 1945, approximately 1,000 people are believed to have lost their lives and about 3,400 people have been injured in nearly 30 serious soccer stadium accidents. In 1989, English soccer witnessed a stampede that left around 96 people dead at Hillsborough stadium in Sheffield during an FA cup semi-final match between Liverpool and Nottingham. Similar incidents in Africa occurred in Ghana in May 2001 when 126 supporters died after a stampede at Accra stadium at the end of a local league game. In South Africa, Ellis Park stadium witnessed a similar disaster on 11 April 2001, which left 43 people dead when soccer giants Kaizer Chiefs and Orlando Pirates clashed in a premier league soccer game. South Africa lost the bid to host the 2004 Olympic Games in Cape Town in favour of Athens and the 2006 FIFA World Cup to Germany as a result of perceived high crime rate. Whether perceived or real, issues of safety and security impact negatively on the image of a host nation. On the other hand, South Africa was selected to host the 2010 FIFA World Cup competition, despite a continued prevalence of high crime rates across the country. More effort from the Government is needed to guarantee adequate safety and security at soccer stadiums, training venues, and other areas used for public gatherings. Stakeholders that deal with safety and security, such as SAPS, Metro Police, Fire Brigade, and emergency medical services, should be deployed in such a way that they can respond quickly to emergency situations. A literature review has shown a close relationship between crime and event tourism. The crime mapping concept, which covers hot spot theory, routine activity, crime pattern approach and rational choice theory, helps in the understanding that some areas may be more affected by crime than others and that criminals' motivations can differ. Some of the most recent mega large-scale events used in the literature review includes: FIFA Soccer World Cup Competitions in Korea/Japan in 2002 and in Germany in 2006. This has provided guidance for South African organisers in terms of dealing with security issues. These examples have also provided a framework of reference on how to garner support and collaboration of national and international security agencies, which are relevant to the staging of the 2010 Soccer World Cup in South Africa. The foundation of this research considers the employees views concerning safety, security and health in Cape Town. It is envisioned that these ideas can strengthen future management decisions with regard to preparing safety, security and emergency services for major events such as the 2010 Soccer World Cup. This should not only involve taking note of security staff ideas, but also incorporating them into the grand national safety and security strategy and ensuring the full implementation of the security strategy at ground-level.

Thesis (MTech (Tourism and Hospitality Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018.
Sport mega-events are a powerful tool for branding nations. There has been a significant shift in countries that bid for and win the rights to host sport mega-events. Historically, Western countries used to be leaders in winning rights to host such events; however a new emerging trend has seen developing countries winning the rights ahead of developed ones, for example, South Africa, Brazil and Russia winning the rights to host the FIFA World CupTM. South Africa faced a serious branding challenge leading up to the 2010 FIFA World CupTM. Therefore, one of the primary objectives of hosting this tournament was to change international tourists’ perceptions of South Africa. There has been limited research on the brand legacies of the 2010 FIFA World CupTM, hence this research examined the brand image legacies of the tournament in the long run. It is believed that the football fans who attended the 2016 UEFA European Championship either visited South Africa during the 2010 FIFA World CupTM or watched the tournament on television (TV) at home, therefore they have certain perceptions of South Africa as a sport tourism destination. A quantitative methodology was employed to survey football tourists at fan parks and stadium precincts in five metropolitan cities in France during the 2016 UEFA European Championship, using a spatially based systematic sampling technique. In total 391 football tourist questionnaires were completed. The key findings reveal that prior to the 2010 FIFA World CupTM, football tourists’ perceptions of South Africa as a sport tourism destination were generally positive; however they indicated that they were very concerned about safety and security, as well as segregation issues, prior to the tournament. It can be argued that the tournament had a significant impact on reinforcing the positive perceptions of the destination as well as reducing the negative perceptions of the destination. The findings reveal statistically significant differences in most aspects between tourists’ perceptions prior to, and six years after, the 2010 FIFA World CupTM. Tourists’ perceptions on most aspects changed positively six years after the event, including those that were major concerns prior to the tournament. The findings also show that there has been very little repeat visitation to South Africa since South Africa hosted the 2010 FIFA Word CupTM. However, an overwhelming majority of respondents indicated that they were willing to travel to South Africa should it host another sport mega-event in the near future. The key findings of this study have a wider applicability to sport mega-events legacy research and body of knowledge. These key findings can assist destination marketers in managing the destination image and foster a greater understanding of brand image legacies of past mega-events in order to inform the bidding and hosting of future sport mega-events.