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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 1 лютого 2022

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Статті в журналах з теми "Wool South Australia Quality"

McGregor, B. A., and W. D. English. "Gross margins in Australian mohair enterprises and relationships with farm inputs, productivity and mohair quality." Animal Production Science 50, no. 6 (2010): 573. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an09224.

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In the absence of financial information on Australian mohair enterprises we aimed to determine the gross margins (per dry sheep equivalent, DSE) and their relationships with farm inputs, productivity and mohair quality in Australian mohair enterprises. Using established Victorian Farm and Sheep Monitor Project protocols we collected data for the financial years 2004–05, 2005–06 and 2006–07 from farmers in south-eastern Australia and made comparisons with data from wool enterprises of similar farm area. Over 3 years the financial returns from mohair exceeded that from wool in terms of $/DSE ($23.0 v. 11.3) and $/ha ($132 v. $116). This result was achieved despite the mohair enterprises grazing their goats far less intensively compared with the grazing intensity of sheep (5.9 v. 10.3–11.1 DSE/ha) and by using far less phosphate fertiliser than used in the wool enterprises (2.2 v. 4.6–6.1 kg P/ha). These differences were counterbalanced by higher prices for mohair compared with fine wool ($13.15/kg v. $8.35/kg clean fibre). Gross margin for the mohair enterprise did not increase as stocking rate increased. Income from mohair sales declined as the proportion of does in the flock increased. Increasing the proportion of does in the flock was associated with a decline in the average price of mohair ($16/kg greasy at 42% does to $8/kg greasy at 83% does in the flock). This decline was closely associated with the increasing proportion of the total amount of mohair coarser than 34.0 µm (either fine hair or hair) plus stained mohair. The variation in profitability between farms indicates significant scope for many mohair enterprises to increase profit. A focus on producing finer quality mohair will increase mohair profitability.

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James, PJ, RW Ponzoni, JRW Walkley, and KJ Whiteley. "Genetic parameters for wool production and quality traits in South Australian Merinos of the Collinsville family group." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 41, no. 3 (1990): 583. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9900583.

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Heritabilities and phenotypic and genetic correlations for fleece traits were estimated from a data set comprising 805 male and female progeny of 44 sires of the Collinsville family group. Characteristics included in the study were greasy and clean fleece weight, yield, mean, standard deviation and coefficient of variation of fibre diameter, resistance to compression, scoured and greasy wool colour (expressed as yellowness, lightness and yellowness index), wax content, suint content, and subjectively assessed scores for greasy colour, character, handle, quality number, condition, staple formation, tip formation and density. Heritabilities of greasy and clean fleece weight, yield, mean fibre diameter and subjectively assessed fleece scores were in broad agreement with estimates from other Merino strains, but the genetic correlations of mean fibre diameter and associated characters (handle, quality number) with clean fleece weight were lower than previous estimates. Heritabilities for scoured yellowness of wool, resistance to compression and coefficient of variation of fibre diameter, which are potential additional measurements for the specification of wool in sale lots, were 0.42 (�. 0.14), 0.57 (� 0.15) and 0.47 ( � 0.15) respectively. Estimated heritabilities of wax and suint content were 0.24 (�0.11) and 0.44 ( � 0.14). Although the phenotypic correlations between measures of greasy wool colour and the corresponding measures of scoured wool colour were low (less than 0.3), the genetic correlations were moderate to high (0.4-0.9). Thus selection on the basis of greasy wool colour should lead to genetic improvements in scoured colour. The genetic correlations of resistance to compression with clean fleece weight and fibre diameter were: 0.46 (�0.21) and 0.44 (� 0.20) respectively, but there were no other strong, unfavourable correlations.

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Li, G. D., K. R. Helyar, M. K. Conyers, L. J. C. Castleman, R. P. Fisher, G. J. Poile, C. J. Lisle, B. R. Cullis, and P. D. Cregan. "Pasture and sheep responses to lime application in a grazing experiment in a high-rainfall area, south-eastern Australia. II. Liveweight gain and wool production." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 57, no. 10 (2006): 1057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar05299.

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‘Managing Acid Soils Through Efficient Rotations (MASTER)’ is a long-term pasture–crop rotation experiment commenced in 1992. One of the objectives was to demonstrate the extent of crop, pasture, and animal responses to lime application on a typical acidic soil in the 500–800 mm rainfall zone of south-eastern Australia. Two types of pastures (perennial v. annual pastures) with or without lime application were established in 1992. Fifteen- to eighteen-month-old Merino hoggets were used as test animals and were changed annually. This paper reports the results of sheep responses to liming from the 4 continuous pasture treatments over 6 years from 1992 to 1997. The stocking rate was the same on all plots within a treatment during each rotation period, but was varied between treatments based on the pasture availability and sheep body condition. The most important findings from this study are that the limed treatments carried 29% and 27% more stock (up to 4 DSE/ha) than the unlimed treatments for perennial and annual pastures, respectively. As a result, the limed perennial pastures produced 27% more liveweight gain (62 kg/ha.year) and 28% more greasy wool (13 kg/ha.year) than unlimed perennial pastures, whereas the limed annual pastures produced 34% more liveweight gain (77 kg/ha.year) and 24% more greasy wool (11 kg/ha.year) than unlimed annual pastures. The significant responses to lime in liveweight and wool production were detected from the second growing season after the pastures were established. The increased sheep productivity on the limed treatment was due to a combination of increased pasture production and improved pasture quality. Perennial pastures showed a slight advantage in wool production, but not in liveweight gain. However, the seasonal variation of liveweight was greater on annual pastures than on perennial pastures. The larger variation in liveweight change could lead to more adverse effects on wool quality especially at high grazing pressures. Grazing management can be used to manipulate pasture and animal productivity to increase profits from lime use.

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Bell, Stephen. "Aimé Bonpland and Merinomania in Southern South America." Americas 51, no. 3 (January 1995): 301–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1008225.

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As an integrating theme in the biological or ecological expansion of Europe, merino sheep were so important that one authority on their dispersal sees the nineteenth century standing as “the century of the Merino.” Merinos produce a wool of distinctive quality, one long appreciated for providing warmth without excessive weight. Guarded for centuries by Spanish monopoly, the breed's status as something of a prize outside Spain began to change in 1808 with the Napoleonic invasion of the Iberian peninsula. By around 1820, a major new phase in merino dispersal was underway with its adaptation to some of the vast grassland ecosystems in the Europeanizing peripheries. The breed was of critical importance to the settlement and development of Australia. It was also highly important in other parts of the southern hemisphere, including in the transformation of existing cattle cultures on the great grassland regions of the Río de la Plata. Here the merino formed the leading edge of rural modernization, offering real potential for ground-up development.

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Trompf, J. P., and P. W. G. Sale. "The paired-paddock model as an agent for change on grazing properties across south-east Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 40, no. 4 (2000): 547. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea00046.

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A detailed study was undertaken on the pasture management practices of 146 producers across south-east Australia who participated in the Grassland’s Productivity Program (GPP) for 3 years between 1993 and 1997. The GPP was an extension program to assist wool producers to develop skills and gain confidence in their ability to manage more productive pastures on their farms. The program consisted of 50 farmer groups (200 farmers participating) spread across the 4 states of South Australia, southern New South Wales, Victoria and Tasmania. Each farmer established paired-paddocks on their own property to compare productive pastures with existing pastures. Productive pastures involve increased rates of fertiliser on pastures containing productive species, with stocking rate adjusted to consume available pasture. After 3 years of involvement in the GPP, there was a whole-farm increase in P fertiliser use by 6.3 kg P/ha, stocking rates by 2.6 dse/ha and annual pasture resowing by 0.9% of the farm, when averaged across the 146 participants. The participants were applying the productive pasture technology to almost a third of their properties in 1997 and the intention was to increase this to over half of their properties by 2000. The participants also changed farm management practices as the program effectively developed management skills. There were increases in the ability to assess pasture quality and quantity, livestock by weighing or physical assessment, and the ability to calculate per hectare production and per hectare gross margins. A high proportion of GPP participants were soil testing (0.92) and spring lambing (0.72) at the completion of the program. The results indicated that the adoption of productive pastures was generally consistent across south-east Australia for pastoral producers who participated in this program, although south-west Victorian and south-east South Australian GPP participants did increase whole-farm P application by more than GPP participants from outside that region. The widespread change in farming practice was attributed to the additive and interactive effect of the paired-paddock comparison, the guidance provided by the facilitator, the group interaction and the skills training. Each of these components of the paired-paddock model combined to form an effective agent for change to increase pasture productivity on these grazing properties.

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Cottle, D., C. A. Gaden, J. Hoad, D. Lance, J. Smith, and J. M. Scott. "The effects of pasture inputs and intensive rotational grazing on superfine wool production, quality and income." Animal Production Science 53, no. 8 (2013): 750. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an12289.

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A farmlet experiment was conducted between July 2000 and December 2006 as part of the Cicerone Project, which sought to enhance the profitability and sustainability of grazing enterprises on the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales, Australia. A self-replacing Merino enterprise was grazed as the dominant livestock enterprise, together with ~20% of the carrying capacity as cattle, on each of three farmlet treatments: higher levels of soil fertility and pasture renovation with flexible rotational grazing over eight paddocks (farmlet A), moderate soil fertility and pasture renovation with flexible rotational grazing over eight paddocks (farmlet B) and moderate soil fertility and pasture renovation with intensive rotational grazing over 37 paddocks (farmlet C). Prior to commencement of the trial, the three 53-ha farmlets were allocated equivalent areas of land based on soil type, slope and recent fertiliser history. This paper describes the effects of the three pasture and grazing management strategies on the production, quality and value of the wool produced per head, per ha and per farmlet. Up until 2001 there were no differences in wool production between farmlets. Thereafter, significant differences between farmlets emerged in greasy fleece weight per head and price received per kg of fleece wool. For example, the clean fleece value averaged over the 2003–05 shearings for all hoggets, ewes and wethers was 1531, 1584 and 1713 cents/kg for farmlets A, B and C, respectively. There were small but significant differences, which varied between sheep class and year, between the farmlets in average fibre diameter and staple length but less so with staple strength. In general, while the differences between farmlets in staple strength varied over time, farmlets A and B tended to have wool with longer staple length and broader fibre diameter than farmlet C and this affected wool value per kg. Differences in wool income per ha between farmlets grew in later years as the farmlet treatments took effect. In spite of farmlet A having a slightly lower wool value per kg, after taking into account its greater fleece weight per head and its higher stocking rate, the total wool income per ha was higher than on either farmlets B or C. The average gross wool income per ha from 2003 to 2005 was $303, $215 and $180 for farmlets A, B and C, respectively. The highest amount of greasy wool produced was in 2004 when 38.2, 26.5 and 21.5 kg/ha was harvested from farmlets A, B and C, respectively. The fibre diameter profiles of 2-year-old ewes showed similar profiles for farmlets A and B but a significantly finer fibre diameter profile for farmlet C ewes due to intensive rotational grazing. However, sheep on all three farmlets produced wool with high staple strength. Multivariate analyses revealed that greasy fleece weight, staple length and staple strength were significantly positively correlated with the proportion of the farm grazed at any one time, and with soil phosphorus, legume herbage and green digestible herbage thus highlighting the significant influence of pasture and soil inputs and of grazing management on wool production and quality.

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Ayres, J. F., M. J. McPhee, A. D. Turner, and M. L. Curll. "The grazing value of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) and phalaris (Phalaris aquatica) for sheep production in the northern tablelands of New South Wales." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 51, no. 1 (2000): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar99080.

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The grazing value of phalaris–white clover and tall fescue–white clover pastures was compared in a temperate summer-rainfall environment in the high rainfall zone of eastern Australia. Data were derived from an experiment which evaluated pasture cultivars when grown in binary mixtures and grazed by sheep. The data were also simulated with the decision support system SheepO (Version 4.0) and validated by visual techniques, deviance measures, and statistical tests. The model generally simulated green biomass, liveweight gain, and clean fleece weight with acceptable accuracy. Pasture based on tall fescue–white clover produced more green pasture biomass in all seasons, in all years, and at both low (10 sheep/ha) and high (15 sheep/ha) stocking rates when compared with phalaris–white clover. Sheep grazing tall fescue–white clover pasture were turned off about 5 kg heavier each year and produced about 0.6 kg/head more clean fleece weight; the wool production per head of sheep grazing tall fescue–white clover at 15 sheep/ha was similar to that for sheep grazing phalaris–white clover pasture at 10 sheep/ha. These differences in wool production were accompanied by consistent effects on wool quality; the fleeces of sheep grazing tall fescue–white clover pasture were markedly sounder in tensile strength but broader in fibre diameter. These data and the SheepO simulations highlight the potential for pasture cultivars with enhanced seasonal growth and nutritive value to alleviate feed-gaps and improve the feed-base for grazing animals.

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Thorn, CW, and MW Perry. "Effect of chemical removal of grasses from pasture leys on pasture and sheep production." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 27, no. 3 (1987): 349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9870349.

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Pasture production, pasture composition and quality, and liveweight, body condition and wool growth of Merino weaner wethers were monitored over 2 seasons and at 2 stocking rates (4 and 8 sheep/ha) on a mixed annual grass-legume pasture sprayed with propyzamide to control grasses. Propyzamide virtually eliminated annual grasses from the pasture (less than 5 kg/ha of grass dry matter in spring v. 403 kg/ha on untreated pasture in 1981) and this carried over into the second season (61 kg/ha v. 647 kg/ha in spring 1982). Propyzamide treated pastures had less total dry matter (P = 0.05) throughout 1981: however, except for a single sample date, there was no effect of propyzamide on total available pasture in the second season. Increased growth of clover and capeweed compensated for the absence of the grasses. The higher stocking rate reduced available clover, capeweed and total dry matter (P = 0.05) throughout both years. Sheep grazing grass-free pastures had lower liveweights during winter in both years, but made compensatory gains during late spring and summer consistent with the higher quality (1.6 v. 1.07% nitrogen when sampled in January) of propyzamide treated pastures. In 198 1, wool growth rates were reduced at the higher stocking rate and total clean wool production was reduced from 4.55 kg/sheep at 4/ha to 3.65 kg/sheep at 8/ha. Pasture treatment had no effect on wool production in either year. The implications of using selective herbicides to remove the annual grass component of legume-based annual pastures in south-western Australia are dis cussed in relation to pasture and sheep production.

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Edwards, J. E. Hocking, K. J. Copping, and A. N. Thompson. "Managing the nutrition of twin-bearing ewes during pregnancy using Lifetimewool recommendations increases production of twin lambs." Animal Production Science 51, no. 9 (2011): 813. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an09158.

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The effect on ewe and lamb production by differential management of single- and twin-bearing Merino ewes during pregnancy and lactation was examined. The hypothesis that the survival and productivity of single- and twin-born progeny is not affected by differential management of single- and twin-bearing ewes was tested. To test this hypothesis, two ewe flocks were monitored on a commercial property in the south-east of South Australia. The body condition score of one flock of ewes was managed according to Lifetimewool recommendations for southern Australian (Lifetimewool flock; n = 464). Lifetimewool recommendations are that body condition score should be 3.0 at mating and then allowed to decline to an average of 2.7, which is maintained until lambing. Twin- and single-bearing ewes were managed as separate mobs after pregnancy scanning to meet their energy requirements. The second flock was managed similarly to the commercial ewe flock and was representative of ewe management practices in the region (normal-practice flock; n = 464). At lambing, the condition score of the Lifetimewool flock was 0.7 condition scores units greater than the normal-practice flock. Ewe clean fleece weight and fibre diameter were greater in the Lifetimewool flock and their lambs had higher survival rates to weaning. Over three shearings, progeny from Lifetimewool ewe flocks produced more clean wool (P < 0.0001) but there was no consistent effect on fibre diameter, staple length or staple strength. Twin-born lambs from ewes managed to Lifetimewool guidelines had a similar liveweight and produced similar quantity and quality of wool to single-born lambs managed to Lifetimewool guidelines, but still suffered higher rates of mortality to weaning. This suggests that it is possible to manage ewes pregnant with twins to ensure that their surviving progeny perform at a level similar to single-born progeny managed under similar targets.

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Raymond, Carolyn A. "Influence of prior land use on wood quality of Pinus radiata in New South Wales, Australia." Forest Ecology and Management 255, no. 7 (April 2008): 2626–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2008.01.020.

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Дисертації з теми "Wool South Australia Quality"

Lothian, Andrew. "Landscape quality assessment of South Australia." Title page, table of contents, abstract and detailed contents only, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/37804.

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The object of this thesis is to provide, through a thorough analysis of human perception and interaction with aesthetics and landscape quality, a comprehensive basis on which to develop a credible methodology for the large scale assessment of perceived landscape quality. The analysis of human perception and interaction with aesthetics and landscape quality is gained by inquiring in depth into a range of theoretical constructs from key disciplines, cultural aspects, and empirical studies covering : 1. the contribution of philosophers to aesthetics 2. the psychology of perception and colour 3. the contribution of Gestalt psychology to aesthetics 4. the psychoanalytical construct of human responses to aesthetics 5. the influence of culture on landscape preferences, tracing the changing perceptions of mountains, the portrayal of landscapes in art, and the design of parks and gardens 6. a review of over 200 surveys of landscape quality in the late 20th century, including typologies and theories of landscape quality Based on the analysis of these and the knowledge gained, an empirical study is formulated and conducted, comprising a study of landscape quality of South Australia, an area of nearly 1 million km - 1. This involves, firstly, the acquisition of data covering the delineation of landscape character regions for the State, photography of these landscapes, derivation of a set of representative slides, and rating of these by groups of participants. Secondly, these preference ratings are comprehensively analysed on the basis of the attributes of the scenes covering land form, land cover, land use, water bodies, naturalism, diversity and colour. Thirdly, the results are applied as follows: 1. a map of landscape quality of South Australia is derived 2. the results are used to predict the effect that changes in land use ( e.g. clearance of trees ) will have on landscape quality 3. the theoretical constructs of landscape quality are evaluated on the basis of the preference ratings 4. a protocol is detailed to guide the undertaking of large - scale landscape quality assessment. The thesis thus fulfils the objective of conducting a thorough analysis of human perception and interaction with, aesthetics and landscape quality, to provide a basis for developing a credible methodology for the large - scale assessment of perceived landscape quality.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--School of Social Sciences, 2000.

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Scobie, David Roger. "Short term effects of stress hormones on cell division rate in wool follicles : a thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy." Title page, abstract and contents only, 1992. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phs421.pdf.

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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 183-207) A local intradermal technique using colchicine to estimate cell division rate in wool follicles is refined and used throughout the thesis. Statistical methods used to analyse data obtained with this method are described and discussed. The implications of the findings are of great significance to research into the influence of physiological changes on wool production, and suggest experiments should be conducted under controlled environmental conditions, with a minimum of stress imposed on the animals.

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Brice, Jeremy. "Pursuing quality wine in South Australia : materials, markets, valuations." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:f8ef1e0d-587e-4985-a088-9a1abdc24379.

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This thesis presents an ethnography of the processes and practices through which Australian grape and wine producers attempt to produce, and to assess, quality and value in the materials with which they work. Drawing on participant observation research conducted within two wine companies in South Australia – one owned by a multinational beverage conglomerate, one a family-owned boutique winery – this thesis engages with three overarching questions, which engage with the concerns of agro-food studies and of social studies of markets. First, how – and with what economic effects – are the sensory qualities of materials made to matter within the Australian wine industry? Second, how do grape and wine producers pursue wine quality in a more-than-human world, and in what ways might their endeavours problematise extant theorisations of economic agency? Finally, what might be the consequences of Australian wine producers’ recent engagements with principles of grape and wine quality centred upon geographical origin? In response to these questions, this thesis explores time-reckoning and value production in viticultural practice, the pricing of winegrapes during a fungal disease epidemic, the commercial relationships convened through the production of large-volume mass-market wine blends, and Australian wine producers’ recent attempts to produce ‘wines from somewhere.’ These empirical engagements lead it to argue that the qualification and valuation practices deployed within the Australian wine industry do not simply affect the qualities and prices of grapes and wines. They also shape economic agencies and vulnerabilities, organise and value commercial relationships among grape growers and wine producers, and reassemble the economic geographies of Australian grape production. This thesis concludes that because different ways of pursuing quality enact these phenomena in different ways, much may depend not only upon how successfully, but also upon how – through what techniques, practices, and associations – quality is pursued.

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Wilson, David H. "Hearing in South Australia : disability, impairment and quality-of-life /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phw7469.pdf.

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Esfandiari, Baiat Mansour, of Western Sydney Hawkesbury University, of Science Technology and Agriculture Faculty, and School of Agriculture and Rural Development. "Evaluation of furrow irrigation models for south-east Australia." THESIS_FSTA_ARD_EsfandiariBaiat_M.xml, 1997. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/739.

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The overall objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of selected furrow irrigation models for field conditions in south-east Australia. The other important aspects which were examined during this study include: developing a methodology for estimating of infiltrating characteristics, assessing the applicability of the Manning and other similar equations for flows in furrow irrigation, investigating the variation of shape factor during irrigation developing methodology for estimation of recession time and exploring the sensitivity of the models to the input parameters. Field experiments were conducted at Walla Park in northern N.S.W. and on two selected paddocks at the University Farm, Richmond, in western Sydney,Australia, over a period of three years. The validity of the assumption that the shape factor of advancing water front during furrow irrigation varies between 0.7 and 0.8 was investigated using field data collected from irrigation events monitored in the study. It was found that the average values of the shape factor varied from 0.96 to 1.80 at Walla Park site, from 0.56 to 0.80 at Field Services unit paddock site and from 0.78 to 0.84 at Horticulture Farm paddock site. The value of shape factor was affected by uniformity of furrow cross section along the length, the value and uniformity of furrow slope, furrow length and infiltration characteristics of soil. This means it is difficult to recommend a typical value for the shape factor for a given field situation.The performance of the models for prediction of advance and recession characteristics and runoff were evaluated using different indices of performance. In general, it was found that the Walker-HD and ZI model was the most satisfactory for the field conditions encountered in this study. This finding can provide a basis for initiating work on developing design criteria and management strategies for furrow irrigation in south-east Australia.
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

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Moussavi-Nik, Mohsen. "Seed quality and crop establishment in wheat." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phm933.pdf.

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Bibliography: leaves 247-268. A series of laboratory, greenhouse and field experiments were conducted to investigate aspects of seed quality in a range of bread wheat genotypes important in South Australia as well as a durum cultivar, Yallaroi. It was concluded that sound healthy seed does vary in quality and this affects seedling vigour, crop establishment and grain yield. Seed source can affect genotype performance in evaluation trials. There is genetic variability for embryo size, coleoptile length, nutrient efficiency and nutrient loading in to the seed which can be exploited by breeders. Agronomically, seed quality can be improved by managing seed crops to aid accumulation of mineral nutrients in the seed and then selecting, by grading, only large seed for sowing.

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Mugford, John S. "Towards an equitable land-use policy in the Mount Bold catchment of South Australia /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1991. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envm951.pdf.

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Eleftheriou, John. "Reservoir quality of Permian sandstones in the Strzelecki-Kidman-Kerna areas, Cooper-Basin, South Australia." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1990. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09SM/09sme38.pdf.

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Reed, Deborah A. "Spatial and temporal biogeochemical changes of groundwater associated with managed aquifer recharge in two different geographical areas." University of Western Australia. School of Biomedical, Biomolecular and Chemical Sciences, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0074.

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[Truncated abstract] Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) is a technique that can be used to capture and store water in aquifers for later reuse. This method recycles water that would normally be lost or discarded to the environment. MAR has been observed to have the potential for improving the quality of recharged water through a combination of physical, chemical and biological processes. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in groundwater microbial population structure during MAR and the major influences that drive these population changes. Biogeochemical MAR studies have the potential to assist in the improved prediction of the removal of contaminants such as nutrients, pathogens and trace organics from the recharged water. Biological clogging during recharge also has the potential to overwhelm an aquifers ability to process wastewater thus reducing the hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer. Therefore further research into the spatial and temporal biogeochemical processes that occur during MAR is required. The geochemical and microbial population dynamics of two contrasting MAR techniques were investigated at two different geographical locations (Perth, Western Australia and Adelaide, South Australia). These MAR sites contained aquifers of dissimilar properties that were recharged with wastewater that contrasted in water quality. The Perth MAR site received secondary treated effluent which continuously infiltrated the unsaturated zone into an unconfined aquifer aided by infiltration galleries. Reclaimed water was extracted from a well at distance from the infiltration gallery. ... Notably the background and recovered water was most dissimilar in microbial and chemical population structure to that described for the infiltration gallery and injection well. Microbial and chemical evidence suggested that the background and extraction well groundwater were unaffected by plume migration. These results suggested that extraction well groundwater was similar in quality to that of ambient groundwater. Significant geochemical and microbial changes of secondary treated effluent during infiltration and lateral movement through aquifer were implicated in addition to the forced hydraulic gradient created from extracting fives time the volume of infiltrating wastewater. This study demonstrated that microbial populations and the geochemical processes associated with MAR can be studied and compared. Multivariate statistical methodology greatly simplified a vast array of dynamic biogeochemical information that could be dissected for meaningful interpretation over distance and time. The study evaluated the major biogeochemical influences which resulted in microbial and geochemical changes where it was noted that microbial populations were more dynamic than geochemical variation over time. Additionally biogeochemical comparative analysis indicated that microbial populations could change in population structure before a shift in aquifer geochemistry was detected. It is anticipated that the results from this study will benefit further research into the biogeochemical processes involved in water quality changes (e.g. nutrient removal, pathogen decay and biodegradation of trace organics) as well as controlling biological clogging of MAR schemes.

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Kunene, Looksmart Lucky Zamokuhle. "Classroomlevel factors affecting mathematics achievement : a comparative study between South Africa and Australia using TIMSS 2003." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25819.

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The purpose of the study was to explore and compare key classroom level factors affecting mathematics learner achievement for South Africa and Australia. The study focused in the classroom where teaching and learning takes place. This is a secondary analysis of classroom level factors influencing Grade 8 mathematics learner achievement using the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) 2003. TIMSS 2003 was chosen because it was the latest international study available to measure trends in mathematics learner achievement, where South Africa had participated. Quantitative research approach was employed and a survey research method was used which seeks, among others, to explore relationships and patterns. Survey research method was suitable to provide data that responded to the research questions. The data collection in South Africa and Australia was conducted in October-December 2002 as both countries are located in the Southern Hemisphere. The sample for South Africa consisted of 255 schools with 100% coverage and stratification done by a total of nine provinces, and language. This resulted in 8952 learners tested across the provinces (Joncas, 2004, p. 212). For Australia, the sample consisted of 207 schools with 100% coverage and stratification done by a total of 8 States and Territories and school type. This resulted in 4791 learners participating in the study. The sample included teachers of learners who were selected to participate in the TIMSS 2003 study for South Africa and Australia. The intended target was teachers of all learners at the end of their eight year of schooling. For each participating school, a single mathematics class was sampled and the mathematics teacher of the selected class was asked to complete a mathematics questionnaire. Mathematics teachers of sampled learners responded to questions about teaching emphasis on the topics in the curriculum frameworks, instructional practices, professional training and education and their views on mathematics. The mathematics teacher questionnaire was designed to take about 45 minutes to complete The main question for this study was “What are the key classroom factors that influence learner performance in mathematics?” The three sub questions for the study were: What key variables on classroom level are related to learner achievement in mathematics for South Africa? What key variables on classroom level are related to learner achievement in mathematics for Australia? How do the classroom level factors in mathematics performance of South Africa compare with classroom level factors in Australia? The conceptual framework for the study stressed classroom level factors including instructional quality, which includes teacher background factors, classroom climate, teaching requirements and mathematics curriculum. The framework describes the factors related to classroom interactions within the comprehensive education system, with regard to inputs – process – outputs – outcomes. The selection of variables for the inclusion in the models was guided by the conceptual framework and extensive preliminary analyses. Preliminary statistical analyses included exploring descriptive statistics, Varimax factor analysis, reliability, correlation analysis and stepwise multiple regression analysis. The results of the study indicate that several specific classroom level factors were associated with the higher levels of mathematics achievement of South Africa and Australia. The results for the final South African model were: age of teacher; years been teaching; outside school day grading tests; outside school day other; and computer shortage were identified to predict learner achievement. For Australia ten classroom factors, namely, teacher perception of school climate; teacher perception of school safety; teacher emphasis on mathematics homework; teacher repeat mathematics limiting factors; homework contribute towards learning; work conditions; unhappy learners; shortage of instructional equipment; geometric shapes; and algebraic functions were identified to predict learner achievement. South Africa has factors like teacher background and outside school activities by the teacher. Australia has factors like classroom climate, work conditions and curriculum quality. In the light of schools effectiveness research and school improvement research, a comparative study like this one would require more than one level (classroom level), two or three levels would have been ideal to draw other variables and enrich the analysis, especially the learner level and school level. School effectiveness places an emphasis on the ability and social background of the learners as factors that shape academic performance
Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2011.
Science, Mathematics and Technology Education
unrestricted

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Книги з теми "Wool South Australia Quality"

Flinders University. Dept. of Archaeology., ed. Quality assured: Shipbuilding in colonial South Australia and Tasmania. [Bedford Park, S. Aust.]: Flinders University, Department of Archaeology, 2006.

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Grattan, Michelle. Back on the wool track. Milsons Point, N.S.W: Vintage, 2004.

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Supply, Western Australia Steering Committee for Research on LandUse and Water. Stream salinity and its reclamation in south-west Western Australia. Leederville, WA: Water Authority of Western Australia, Water Resources Directorate, 1989.

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Skinner, Natalie. Australian work and life index 2012: Work-life balance in South Australia 2012 : AWALI. Magill, SA, Adelaide: Centre for Work + Life, University of South Australia, 2012.

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Schofield, N. J. The impact of agricultural development on the salinity of surface water resources of south-west Western Australia. Leederville, WA: Water Authority of Western Australia, 1988.

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Schofield, N. J. Water interactions with land use and climate in south western Australia: Presentation to the Hydrology and Forest Practice Workshop, Canberra, 13-17 November 1989. Leederville, WA: Water Authority of Western Australia, 1990.

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Conference, Australian and New Zealand Comparative and International Education Society. Quality and equality in education: Proceedings of the 13th annual conference of the Australian and New Zealand Comparative and International Education Society, Flinders University of South Australia, 9-11 December, 1985. [North Ryde, NSW]: Macquarie University, 1985.

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National Cataloguing Conference (8th 1989 Adelaide, S. Aust.). Garbage in, garbage out: The need for quality in the age of automation : Australian Library and Information Association 8th National Cataloguing Conference, 14-16 September, 1989, Hotel Adelaide, North Adelaide South Australia : conference papers. Edited by Bundy Alan L, Bundy Judith, and Australian Library and Information Association. Adelaide: Auslib Press, 1990.

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Grattan, Michelle. Back on the Wool Track : Tracing the Footsteps of C.E.W. Bean. Vintage, 2004.

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Jarman, SJ, and BA Fuhrer. Mosses and Liverworts of Rainforest in Tasmania and South-eastern Australia. CSIRO Publishing, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643101210.

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Mosses and liverworts inhabit a miniature world hidden in our rainforests and often go unnoticed. This book seeks to raise the reader's awareness of these plants and reveals their beauty in the book's many high quality colour photographs. A comprehensive introduction is provided along with specific notes on these plants.

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Ferguson, Angus J. P., Peter R. Scanes, Jaimie D. Potts, Matthew P. Adams, and Katherine R. O’Brien. "Seagrasses in the South-East Australian Region—Distribution, Metabolism, and Morphology in Response to Hydrodynamic, Substrate, and Water Quality Stressors." In Seagrasses of Australia, 419–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71354-0_14.

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Stimson, Robert, Rod McCrea, and John Western. "The Brisbane-South East Queensland Region, Australia: Subjective Assessment of Quality of Urban Life and Changes over Time." In Investigating Quality of Urban Life, 185–207. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1742-8_8.

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MacMullin, Colin, and Lina Scalfino. "Placing Values at the Centre of School Policy and Classroom Practice—A Case Study of Modbury School, South Australia." In Values Education and Quality Teaching, 45–62. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9962-5_4.

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McCrea, Rod. "A Spatial Clustering Approach Analyzing Types of Objective Quality of Urban Life Using Spatial Data for Survey Respondents: South East Queensland, Australia." In Investigating Quality of Urban Life, 385–403. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1742-8_17.

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van der Linden, Leon, Matthew R. Hipsey, Michael D. Burch, and Justin D. Brookes. "Myponga Reservoir, South Australia: The Influence of Nutrients, Phytoplankton, Pathogens, and Organic Carbon on Water Quality." In Encyclopedia of Lakes and Reservoirs, 530–39. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4410-6_130.

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Liu, Dongyan, R. J. Morrison, and R. J. West. "Phytoplankton Assemblages as an Indicator of Water Quality in Seven Temperate Estuarine Lakes in South-East Australia." In Eutrophication: Causes, Consequences and Control, 191–202. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7814-6_14.

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Vanderzalm, J. L., C. Le Gal La Salle, J. L. Hutson, and P. J. Dillon. "Water quality changes during aquifer storage and recovery at Bolivar, South Australia." In Management of Aquifer Recharge for Sustainability, 83–88. CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003078838-18.

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Beinart, William, and Lotte Hughes. "Sheep, Pastures, and Demography in Australia." In Environment and Empire. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199260317.003.0011.

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Succeeding phases of British economic growth prompted strikingly different imperatives for expansion, for natural resource exploitation, and for the social organization of extra-European production. In the eighteenth century, sugar, African slaves, and shipping in the Atlantic world provided one major dynamic of empire. But in the nineteenth century, antipodean settlement and trade, especially that resulting from expanding settler pastoral frontiers, was responsible for some of the most dramatic social and environmental transformations. Plantations occupied relatively little space in the new social geography of world production. By contrast, commercial pastoralism, which took root most energetically in the temperate and semi-arid regions of the newly conquered world, was land-hungry but relatively light in its demands for labour. The Spanish Empire based in Mexico can be considered a forerunner. By the 1580s, within fifty years of their introduction, there were an estimated 4.5 million merino sheep in the Mexican highlands. The livestock economy, incorporating cattle as well as sheep, spread northwards through Mexico to what became California by the eighteenth century. Settler intrusions followed in the vast landmasses of southern Latin America, southern Africa, Australia, and New Zealand. Australia was one of the last-invaded of these territories, and, in respect of the issues that we are exploring, was in some senses distinctive. Unlike Canada and South Africa, there was no long, slow period of trade and interaction with the indigenous population; like the Caribbean, the Aboriginal people were quickly displaced by disease and conquest. The relative scale of the pastoral economy was greater than in any other British colony. Supply of meat and dairy products to rapidly growing ports and urban centres was one priority for livestock farmers. Cattle ranching remained a major feature of livestock production in Australia. Bullock-carts, not dissimilar to South African ox-wagons, were essential for Australian transport up to the 1870s. But for well over a century, from the 1820s to the 1950s and beyond, sheep flooded the southern lands. Although mutton became a significant export from New Zealand and South America, wool was probably the major product of these pastoral hinterlands—and a key focus of production in Australia and South Africa. The growth in antipodean sheep numbers was staggering.

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Cockroft, B., and K. A. Olsson. "Chapter 16 Case study of soil quality in South-Eastern Australia: Management of structure for roots in duplex soils." In Soil Quality for Crop Production and Ecosystem Health, 339–50. Elsevier, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0166-2481(97)80043-8.

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Aldridge, Kane, Luke M. Mosley, and R. Oliver. "Water Quality of the Coorong, Lower Lakes and Murray Mouth." In Natural History of the Coorong, Lower Lakes, and Murray Mouth region (Yarluwar-Ruwe). Royal Society of South Australia. University of Adelaide Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.20851/natural-history-cllmm-2.10.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Wool South Australia Quality"

Danielle P Oliver, Jim W Cox, Rai S Kookana, and Jenny S Anderson. "Off-site Transport of Pesticides in Mt. Lofty Ranges, South Australia, Australia: The Importance of Partitioning Processes." In TMDL 2010: Watershed Management to Improve Water Quality Proceedings, 14-17 November 2010 Hyatt Regency Baltimore on the Inner Harbor, Baltimore, Maryland USA. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.35747.

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James W Cox, Danielle P Oliver, Nigel K Fleming, and Jenny S Anderson. "Characterization of the transport of sediment and nutrients in the Mt Lofty Ranges watershed, South Australia." In TMDL 2010: Watershed Management to Improve Water Quality Proceedings, 14-17 November 2010 Hyatt Regency Baltimore on the Inner Harbor, Baltimore, Maryland USA. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.35748.

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"Simulation of Nutrient Loadings from the Rural Cox Creek Watershed (South Australia) by SWAT as Prerequisite for Land-use Specific Scenario Analysis." In 21st Century Watershed Technology Conference and Workshop Improving Water Quality and the Environment. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/wtcw.2014-032.

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"Development of a 3-D hydro-geochemical model to assess water quality and acidification risk in the Murray Lower Lakes, South Australia." In 19th International Congress on Modelling and Simulation. Modelling and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand (MSSANZ), Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.36334/modsim.2011.i7.hipsey2.

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"Scenario analysis on impacts of climate change on flow and nutrient loads in the Mediterranean Onkaparinga catchment, South Australia: Coupling global climate models with SWAT." In 21st Century Watershed Technology Conference and Workshop Improving Water Quality and the Environment. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/wtcw.2016011.

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Blinderman, Michael S. "The Exergy Underground Coal Gasification Technology as a Source of Superior Fuel for Power Generation." In ASME 2006 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2006-88064.

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Underground Coal Gasification (UCG) is a gasification process carried on in non-mined coal seams using injection and production wells drilled from the surface, converting coal in situ into a product gas usable for chemical processes and power generation. The UCG process developed, refined and practiced by Ergo Exergy Technologies is called the Exergy UCG Technology or εUCG® Technology. The εUCG technology is being applied in numerous power generation and chemical projects worldwide. These include power projects in South Africa (1,200 MWe), India (750 MWe), Pakistan, and Canada, as well as chemical projects in Australia and Canada. A number of εUCG based industrial projects are now at a feasibility stage in New Zealand, USA, and Europe. An example of εUCG application is the Chinchilla Project in Australia where the technology demonstrated continuous, consistent production of commercial quantities of quality fuel gas for over 30 months. The project is currently targeting a 24,000 barrel per day synthetic diesel plant based on εUCG syngas supply. The εUCG technology has demonstrated exceptional environmental performance. The εUCG methods and techniques of environmental management are an effective tool to ensure environmental protection during an industrial application. A εUCG-IGCC power plant will generate electricity at a much lower cost than existing or proposed fossil fuel power plants. CO2 emissions of the plant can be reduced to a level 55% less than those of a supercritical coal-fired plant and 25% less than the emissions of NG CC.

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Zhang, Hui, Jianfeng Yao, Xiang Li, and Kai Zhao. "Maximising the Value of Multi-Sensor Streamer Data via MAZ Processing." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-21435-ms.

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Abstract The North West Shelf of Australia contains a late Paleozoic to Cenozoic sedimentary succession, which attains a thickness of over 10 km and is dominated by Triassic to Lower Cretaceous sediments. The deeper plays exist at multiple stratigraphic levels including oil-prone Jurassic sediments and faulted gas-prone Triassic sediments. The area has been proven difficult as far as seismic imaging is concerned, particularly over the Madeline trend. The presence of a hard, rugose water bottom, strong reflectors beneath the water bottom, and shallow Tertiary carbonates make the Dampier Sub-basin vulnerable to multiple contamination, amplitude distortion, lower signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) and unreliable AVO response. Poor seismic quality in the data has been a significant barrier to reducing exploration risk. In the 1990s, East Dampier (1992, blue polygon in Figure 1) and Keast (1997, yellow polygon in Figure 1) seismic data were acquired in East-West and North-South directions respectively, in an effort to better understand the impact from the shallow complex overburden. To address these challenges, the Demeter survey was acquired in 2003 (black polygon in Figure 1) with a denser acquisition grid. The overall seismic quality was improved, but the results still contained a significant level of residual multiples. Later, the Fortuna survey, the most comprehensive multi-sensor seismic survey on the North West Shelf of Australia to date, was acquired in 2014 with the aim to provide better subsurface imaging (pink polygon in Figure 1) from different acquisition perspectives. The data was processed with advanced processing technology, including shallow water demultiple, deghosting and high definition tilted orthorhombic velocity model building (Birdus et al., 2017). However, the final results were still suffering from a number of challenges, specifically: 1) strong residual multiple in near offsets, 2) low S/N ratio, particularly at reservoir level, and 3) inconsistency from near to far stack resulting in unreliable AVO. In this paper, the Dixon area (green polygon), considered as the most challenging area in the Dampier Sub-basin, was chosen as the testing area for our work. By integrating high-end imaging technology, for example dual-sensor deghosting, multi-survey surface related multiple elimination (MAZ-SRME), and multi-azimuth processing (MAZ stack), we will illustrate how we have overcome many of these imaging challenges.

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