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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Wool scouring Environmental aspects"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022
Оновлено: 28 січня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Wool scouring Environmental aspects"

1

Czaplicki, Zdzisław, Edyta Matyjas-Zgondek, and Stanisław Strzelecki. "Scouring of Sheep Wool Using an Acoustic Ultrasound Wave." Fibres and Textiles in Eastern Europe 29, no. 6(150) (December 31, 2021): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.2721.

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Анотація:
The paper describes a method of scouring sheep wool using ultrasound.The inspiration to start work on the use of ultrasound in the process of scouring sheep wool was positive results that had already been achieved for alpaca wool. Due to the fact that sheep wool has many more impurites than alpaca wool, the scouring process is divided into two stages. The first involves the removal of faeces from the wool, which may be up to about 35% of the impurities of sheep wool, while the second stage involves the scouring cycle, wherein the remaining impurities are removed. The ultrasonic scouring process uses domestic merino wool heavily clad, particularly, by faeces. In this study, detergent solutions, alkali soap and sodium carbonate were used. The scouring of wool was carried out with a special apparatus equipped with an ultrasonic generator, at a frequency of 40 kHz. To determine the optimal conditions for scouring sheep wool that could affect the amount of impurities removed, the following parameters were examined: the effect of the scouring time, the concentration of detergents, and the scouring bath ratio. The study resulted in achieving optimal scouring parameters that ensured a satisfactory level of the removal of wool impurities.
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2

Wang, Lai Li, Xue Mei Ding, and Xiong Ying Wu. "The Water Footprint of Wool Scouring." Key Engineering Materials 671 (November 2015): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.671.65.

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Анотація:
Raw wool contains high percentage by weight of natural contaminants. It is usually treated by a scouring process in the first stage of textile processing. Wool scouring process consumes large quantities of fresh water and produces concentrated effluent with very high oxygen demand, aggravating the water resource shortage and environmental impacts. Water footprint (WF) is a multidimensional indicator that shows water consumption volumes by source and polluted volumes by type of pollution. This study discusses the environmental impacts assessment of wool scouring process based on the WF theory. Through cases study, it was found that chemical oxygen demand (CODCr) was the most critical pollutant associated with the largest pollutant-specific original grey WF (WFori, grey), while NH3-N was the most critical pollutant associated with the largest pollutant-specific residuary grey WF (WFres, grey). The average WFori, greyof wool scouring process was 51878 m3/d, approximately 291 times of blue WF (WFblue). After treatment of the scouring effluent through floatation reflux-biological contact oxidizing technology, the WFori, greyreduced to 558 m3/d. Refluxing and regulating, oil removal were two important processes that contributed largely to effluent treatment as they reduced WFori, greyby 28537 m3/d and 23171 m3/d, respectively.
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3

Riva, M. C., J. Cegarra, and M. Crespi. "Effluent ecotoxicology in the wool-scouring process." Science of The Total Environment 134 (January 1993): 1143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0048-9697(05)80118-4.

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4

Hassan, Mohammad Mahbubul, and Jian Zhong Shao. "Chemical Processing of Wool: Sustainability Considerations." Key Engineering Materials 671 (November 2015): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.671.32.

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Анотація:
Raw wool fibers contain fat, suint, plant material and minerals. It is necessary to remove these from wool by scouring with a combination of detergents, wetting agents and emulsifiers before further processing. Dyeing and finishing of wool fibers is necessary for their application in apparel and also in interior, automotive, smart and technical textiles. Some of the detergents and auxiliaries used in scouring are eco-toxic and some of them are endocrine disruptors. In many countries, wool scouring and dyeing effluents cannot be discharged to watercourses without further treatment by removing color and toxic components. Wool fibers can be given chemical treatments to make them stain-resistant, flame retardant, shrink-resistant, photo-stable and resistant to insect attack. Some of the chemicals under current practice to achieve these functionalities in wool are not eco-friendly and their discharge to water course is limited to the consent limit set by environment agencies. Environmental impact assessment of raw wool production is well studied but to our knowledge no comprehensive study has been carried out around the environmental impact of chemical processing of wool. Like those of other fiber types, the wool textile industries are under intense consumer as well as stakeholder scrutiny. Accreditation schemes now exist to provide reassurance to modern consumers, who want to see that not only are the marketed products safe but also that they are processed sustainably under ethically and environmentally acceptable conditions. Several alternatives to improve the environmental credentials of various chemical processes used for wool will be discussed.
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5

Lapsirikul, Wipa, Ralf Cord-Ruwisch, and Goen Ho. "Treatment of wool scouring effluent by anaerobic bioflocculation." Water Science and Technology 30, no. 12 (December 1, 1994): 375–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0637.

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Анотація:
Biological destabilisation of the wool grease/water emulsion in wool scouring effluent using anaerobic bacterial activity (biological flocculation) was investigated. The aim of biological flocculation is to remove the bulk of wool grease which is the major source of COD, therefore serving as a pretreatment step, prior to classical biological processes either aerobic or anaerobic. In a semi-continuous system, a two-stage anaerobic bioflocculation process was employed to treat a high grease (> 15 g l−1) wool scouring effluent (WSE). After 110 days of operation, the process showed removal of 70 to 90% grease at a combined hydraulic residence time (HRT) of 4 to 10 days. With low grease (< 10 g l−1) WSE grease removal was lower. At an HRT of 3 days a single stage bioflocculation process removed 40% grease. The supernatant from the process was easily treated by activated sludge process reducing grease concentration from about 1.5 g l−1 to less than 0.1 g l−1 in the final effluent (HRT 3 days). Methane production of the process was negligible. Most of the grease was removed by flocculation as a result of anaerobic bacterial activity. The mechanisms of the process were investigated by a series of batch experiments and found to be; (1) appropriate gentle mixing between WSE and anaerobic sludge results in the absorption of wool grease from the liquid to the sludge phase, (2) further destablisation of the wool grease emulsion is obtained when the mixed liquor is left undisturbed. The latter was due to bacterial activity and growth on organics contained in WSE.
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6

Charles, Wipa, Goen Ho, and Ralf Cord-Ruwisch. "Anaerobic bioflocculation of wool scouring effluent: the influence of non-ionic surfactant on efficiency." Water Science and Technology 34, no. 11 (December 1, 1996): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0256.

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Анотація:
Wool scouring effluent (WSE) contains high concentrations of wool grease emulsified by non-ionic surfactants (nonylphenol polyethoxylates – NPEO). The short-term treatment (1-7 days) of this effluent with anaerobic bacteria resulted in partial grease flocculation. However the efficiency of this process varied largely (30% to 80%) with the source of wool scouring effluent used. The concentration of free surfactant, rather than total surfactant, was found to be the likely reason for the variation in efficiency. In order to elucidate the mechanisms of anaerobic biological flocculation a detailed surfactant analysis was performed. This revealed that anaerobic microbes (taken from sludge of a municipal wastewater treatment plant) had an ability to partially degrade NPEO by shortening the hydrophilic ethoxylate chain causing coagulation and subsequent flocculation of wool grease from the liquor.
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7

Vujasinović, Edita, Anita Tarbuk, Tanja Pušić, and Tihana Dekanić. "Bio-Innovative Pretreatment of Coarse Wool Fibers." Processes 11, no. 1 (December 29, 2022): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11010103.

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Анотація:
From the textile manufacturers’ point of view, coarse and medullated fibers are undesirable in the production of fine woolen materials, but highly desirable in the production of textiles and yarns with special effects, especially in carpet production. For sustainability, the entire sheep fleece should be used, including the coarse and medullated fibers. The raw wool must be scoured to obtain clean wool fibers without damage or excessive fiber entanglement, with a certain moisture content, low dirt content and residual grease for further processing, and proper color. In order to remove the impurities in raw wool with maximum efficiency, save energy and minimize the environmental impact, this study investigated the changes in some fiber properties during the scouring process due to the effect of the enzyme complex on coarse wool fibers. The effects were studied through the amount of clean wool fibers and impurities within the fleece, the fiber diameter and color. Conventional and enzyme scoured coarse wool were bleached with an unconventional bleaching agent, percarbonate, and compared to bleaching with hydrogen peroxide to achieve higher whiteness and brilliant color with minimal fiber property changes. The changes after the bleaching process were determined based on the sorption of moisture and dyes and the color parameters. The bio-innovative pretreatment with enzyme complex scouring and percarbonate bleaching resulted in excellent fiber properties even for coarse wool. SEM analysis was performed to confirm these results. Taking into account the sustainability of the process and environmental protection, enzyme complex scouring and percarbonate bleaching are recommended as pretreatment processes for raw coarse wool.
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8

Awchat, Ganesh. "Upgradation of Wool Scouring Plant for Efficient Wastewater Treatment." Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology 23, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.12912/27197050/142937.

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9

Braniša, Jana, Klaudia Jomová, and Mária Porubská. "Scouring Test of Sheep Wool Intended for Sorption." Fibres and Textiles in Eastern Europe 27, no. 2(134) (April 30, 2019): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.9983.

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10

Oellermann, R. A., T. Ronen, and V. Meyer. "Biodegradation of Wool Scouring Effluent on a Laboratory Scale." Water Science and Technology 26, no. 9-11 (November 1, 1992): 2101–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0671.

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A continuously fed, sequential anaerobic-aerobic-aerobic reactor system was used to treat wool scouring effluent. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the anaerobic reactor was reduced from 30500 mg/ℓ to 3000-5000 mg/ℓ. In the first aerobic reactor this was further reduced to 1200-1800 mg COD/l. The final discharge from the second aerobic reactor had a COD of 500-1000 mg/ℓ at a hydraulic retention time of 2-3 d. Nitrification was erratic but sufficient to reduce the ammonia-N to levels of 20 mg/ℓ and less. Mixed liquor suspended solids and volatile suspended solids could be maintained at sufficiently high levels in completely mixed systems and efficient biomass retention in the aerobic rotating biological contactor resulted in an overall removal of 98.4% COD.
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Дисертації з теми "Wool scouring Environmental aspects"

1

OLOFSSON, ELIN, ALEXANDER BRINK, and LINDA JOHANSSON. "En kartläggning av svensk ull och dess framtida användning." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Textilhögskolan, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-20174.

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SammanfattningUppsatsen är utformad efter ett förslag från Anders Ryberg vid Länsstyrelsen i Västra Götalands län. Förslaget var att lokalisera användningsområden för den ull som i dagsläget kasseras i Sverige. I början beskriver vi grundläggande fakta om ullfibern för att ge dig som läsare ett bättre begrepp om ullfiberns användningsområden som senare tas upp i arbetet. Detta följs av en beskrivning av de miljöaspekter som ullanvändningen medför, vilket dessutom är viktigt ur en marknadsföringssynpunkt. De ullkvalitéer vi har i Sverige beskrivs därefter kortfattat, följt av en presentation av svenska företag och projekt som arbetar med svensk ull. Därefter beskrivs Australiens, Storbritanniens och Norges ullindustrier. Deras marknadsfringsstrategier och infrastrukturer för ullhantering är viktiga att ta del av om den svenska ullindustrin ska kunna konkurrera i framtiden. Vi har även funnit många intressanta användningsområden för den svenska ullen. Däribland finner vi geotextil, isolering och ull i avfallshantering enklast att producera utifrån de förutsättningar vi har i Sverige. Våra slutsatser är att det krävs en hel del initiativ, framförallt från fårägarna i Sverige, för att skapa en större efterfrågan på svensk ull. Tillvägagångssättet är att skapa infrastruktur för uppsamling och sortering av ullen runtom i landet, sedan marknadsföra ullen med hjälp av information om dess unika egenskaper och positiva miljöaspekter.

AbstractThe thesis is developed from a proposition by Anders Ryberg at the county administration board of Västra Götaland. The proposition was to evaluate new fields of utility for the Swedish wool which today is disregarded. First off we give a basic description of the facts concerning the wool fiber in order for you as a reader to better comprehend how the wool fiber applies in different fields of utility, which is brought up later in the thesis. This is followed by a description of the environmental aspects which comes with the usage of wool, which also is important from a marketing point of view. The different types of wool we have in Sweden are then briefly described, followed by a presentation of Swedish companies and projects who are working with Swedish wool. Thereafter we describe the wool industries of Australia, Great Britain and Norway. Their marketing strategies and infrastructures for wool handling are important to acknowledge if the Swedish wool industry are to be able to compete in the future. We have also found many interesting fields of utility for the Swedish wool. Among many we have found geotextile, isolation and wool in waste management the easiest ones to produce looking at the prerequisites we have in Sweden. Our conclusions are that a lot of initiative will be needed, especially from the Swedish sheep owners, to be able to create a larger demand for Swedish wool. The way to go about it is by creating an infrastructure for collecting and sorting of the wool around the country, then implicate marketing with information about the unique abilities of wool and its positive environmental aspects.

Program: Textil produktutveckling med entreprenörs- och affärsinriktning

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2

Cabangon, Rico Jariel. "Physical and flexural creep properties of wood-wool cement boards." Phd thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/148685.

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Книги з теми "Wool scouring Environmental aspects"

1

Bill, Bryson. At Home: A short history of private life. New York: Doubleday, 2010.

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Bill, Bryson. At home: A short history of private life. New York: Doubleday, 2010.

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Bill, Bryson. At Home: A Short History of Private Life. New York, USA: Doubleday, 2010.

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Bill, Bryson. At home: A short history of private life. 4th ed. London: Black Swan, 2016.

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Bill, Bryson. At home: A short history of private life. New York: Random House, 2010.

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Bill, Bryson. At Home: A Short History of Private Life. London: Doubleday, 2010.

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7

Bill, Bryson. At Home. London: Transworld, 2010.

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8

Bill, Bryson. At home: A short history of private life. New York: Doubleday, 2010.

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Bill, Bryson. At Home: A Short History of Private Life. New York: Anchor Books, 2011.

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Bill, Bryson. At Home: A short history of private life. London: Black Swan, 2011.

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