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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Women – employment – east asia"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 26 липня 2024

Оновлено: 28 липня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Women – employment – east asia"

Miller, Conrad, Jennifer Peck, and Mehmet Seflek. "Integration Costs and Missing Women in Firms around the World." AEA Papers and Proceedings 112 (May 1, 2022): 578–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pandp.20221084.

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Where social norms favor gender segregation, firms may find it costly to employ both men and women. If the costs of integration are largely fixed, firms will integrate only if their expected number of female employees under integration exceeds some threshold. We use the distribution of female employment to estimate the share of firms with binding integration costs. Using global survey data, we find evidence for these binding integration costs in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) and South Asia but not in other regions. We also show that the intensity of gender segregation preferences is correlated with these integration costs in the MENA region.

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Cheng, Shu-Ju Ada. "Migrant Women Domestic Workers in Hong Kong, Singapore and Taiwan: A Comparative Analysis." Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 5, no. 1 (March 1996): 139–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/011719689600500107.

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The concentration of women in certain occupations has been the main feature characterizing the feminization of migration in the Asian region during the last two decades. A gender-sensitive approach is essential in understanding the particular vulnerability facing these migrant women workers. This paper is concerned with the situation of migrant women domestic workers in East and Southeast Asia. It discusses the context of housework that has rendered migrant women domestic workers vulnerable to abuses and violence. It compares and contrasts the legal systems in Hong Kong, Singapore and Taiwan and addresses the inadequacy of the respective legal systems in dealing with the vulnerability of these women workers. Using Hong Kong as a case, it discusses the measures that have been adopted to provide better protection for migrant labor. This paper suggests that, in order to provide effective protection for the rights of these women, it is important for respective governments to take into account the particular vulnerability facing them as a result of the context of their employment.

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Hori, Makiko. "Full-Time Employment and Marital Satisfaction among Women in East Asian Societies." Comparative Sociology 16, no. 6 (November 23, 2017): 771–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15691330-12341444.

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Abstract Using the 2006 East Asian Social Survey, the current study examines the relationship between wives’ employment status and their marital satisfaction in China, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan. The results show that full-time housewives are more satisfied as compared to full-time employed wives in Taiwan, while part-time employed wives are less satisfied than full-time employed wives in China. Wives’ marital satisfaction is also associated with their gender role attitudes, husband’s housework participation, and a number of family members in Japan and South Korea. The relationship between wives’ employment and their marital satisfaction varies even among four East Asian countries, where gender climate is relatively similar.

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Nakano, Lynne. "Single Women and the Transition to Marriage in Hong Kong, Shanghai and Tokyo." Asian Journal of Social Science 44, no. 3 (2016): 363–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685314-04403005.

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This paper considers the transition to adulthood in East Asia by exploring the experiences of single women between the ages of 25 and 45 years in the cities of Hong Kong, Shanghai and Tokyo. The paper argues that single women encounter difficulties negotiating marriage in the three cities due to problems in marriage markets, expectations of fertility upon marriage, and conflicts between educational and employment opportunities and marital roles. It also finds that in the three cities, women articulated two models of marriage, namely, a gender duty model based on expectations of gendered role fulfilment and a companionate model. The paper suggests that the specific configuration of marriage models differs in the three cities due to differences in the historical and social backgrounds of the cities and the larger national and regional contexts.

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Airaoje, Ojemeiri Karl, Aruaye Afeye Obada, and Aondover Eric Msughter. "A Critical Review on Gender Based Violence in Nigeria: Media Dimension." Middle East Research Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 3, no. 02 (August 31, 2023): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/merjhss.2023.v03i02.001.

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During the Covid-19 pandemic, women and girls around the world have been subjected to sexual and physical violence, which has never happened before. Women are killed in the name of honor in Asia and the Middle East, while girls in West Africa are subjected to genital mutilation in the name of tradition. Because the perpetrators believe that sex with virgins will cure them of their disease, young girls in Southern Africa are raped and infected with HIV/AIDS. According to the findings, the majority of Nigerian women have been victims of gender-based violence, such as incest, rape, physical abuse, verbal abuse, denial of food, forced marriage, and early child marriage. The findings of the study also revealed that age, employment, educational attainment, witnessing a mother being beaten as a child, family type, duration of union, participation in household decision-making, employment status relative to woman, differences in educational qualification between a male partner and woman, attitudes toward wife-beating among men and women, and male right to discipline or control females are all factors that contribute to gender-based violence. Sexually transmitted diseases, unwanted pregnancies, unsafe abortions, physical injuries, immediate psychological reactions such as shock, shame, guilt, and anger; and long-term psychological outcomes such as depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, suicidal ideation, lack of sexual pleasure, and fears are all health consequences of gender-based violence. The study concludes that gender-based violence has a negative impact not only on women and their reproductive health but also on Nigeria's economy and progress.

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Bhopal, Kalwant. "How Gender and Ethnicity Intersect: The Significance of Education, Employment and Marital Status." Sociological Research Online 3, no. 3 (September 1998): 29–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5153/sro.146.

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This paper examines Labour Force Survey (LFS) statistics on economic activity, highest educational qualification, marital status and ethnicity. The paper will specifically explore comparisons within South Asian groups and between other ethnic groups (Afro-Caribbean and white), to investigate whether marriage has a differential impact for different ethnic groups, and if there have been any changes over time (1984-1994). The LFS data indicates that marital status has a differential impact on economic activity and education for different ethnic groups. When controlling for age (25-30), martial status has more impact on Indian and Pakistani/Bangladeshi groups, than it does for Afro-Caribbean and white groups. There are differences between ethnic groups and there are also differences within the South Asian category. Rapid social change is taking place for the 25-30 age cohort, where some South Asian women are becoming highly educated and entering professional occupations. This finding supports recent research carried out on South Asian women in East London (Bhopal, 1997).

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Klasen, Stephan. "What Explains Uneven Female Labor Force Participation Levels and Trends in Developing Countries?" World Bank Research Observer 34, no. 2 (August 1, 2019): 161–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wbro/lkz005.

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Abstract Rapid fertility decline, a strong expansion of female education, and favorable economic conditions should have promoted female labor force participation in developing countries. Yet trends in female labor force participation rates (FLFP) have been quite heterogeneous, rising strongly in Latin America and stagnating in many other regions, while improvements were modest in the Middle East and female participation even fell in South Asia. These trends are inconsistent with secular theories such as the feminization U hypothesis but point to an interplay of initial conditions, economic structure, structural change, and persistent gender norms and values. We find that differences in levels are heavily affected by historical differences in economic structure that circumscribe women's economic opportunities still today. Shocks can bring about drastic changes, with the experience of socialism being the most important shock to women's labor force participation. Trends are heavily affected by how much women's labor force participation depends on their household's economic conditions, how jobs deemed appropriate for more educated women are growing relative to the supply of more educated women, whether growth strategies are promoting female employment, and to what extent women are able to break down occupational barriers within the sectors where women predominantly work.

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Xiao, Zemeiyi. "The Decline of Fertility in East Asia Society: Its Sociological Factors and the Meaning of Women's Equal Rights." Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences 24 (December 31, 2023): 419–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/w4axzp75.

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Women's equal rights are women's corresponding self-defense measures against the inequality that still exists in employment, education, or life, and it is also a symbol of the pursuit of personal dignity and self-rights. The inequality between men and women is mainly manifested in the excessive output of patriarchal values, which lead to problems such as male-female ratio imbalance and marriage squeeze and have seriously affected the fertility rate in the Asia-Pacific region. The problem of increasing the fertility rate is imminent, and society can take corresponding measures to improve its fundamental factors, rather than crudely attribute the problem to the awakening of women's consciousness, to some extent this is the objectification of women's value. However, the road to women's equal rights is still a long way to go. In recent years, the fertility rate issue has also been forced to be linked with the road to women's equal rights, which has aroused heated discussions. The study confirms fundamental factors of the low fertility rate and emphasizes the significance of women's equal rights.

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Nazari, Sareh. "Destination of International Female Migrant Workers." Review of European Studies 9, no. 1 (December 21, 2016): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/res.v9n1p43.

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Throughout history, migration has been considered an indispensable part of human life. It has occurred due to various reasons, among which searching for new job opportunities has always been a chief one. This happens when workers observe lack of vacancies in their homeland, while there are chances for them in other regions and countries. It impels local workers to move to leave in search of better conditions in their careers, along with having the desire for a better life. However, divergent factors such as demographic change, socio-economic and political crises, and huge wage gaps between developed and developing countries play undeniable roles. Half of these migrants who move across borders for employment are women. Most of these women migrate from Asia especially India, Pakistan and Nepal to developed countries in the world to achieve new opportunities and a better life. The aim of this study is to identify the distribution of international female migrant workers around the world by applying compilation methodology approach, utilizing library documentation method and secondary analysis of qualitative data. The findings indicate that there is a strong connection between gender gap at work and the destination of female migrant workers. Nowadays, Northern, Southern and Western Europe and North America have the least gender gap between women and men at work. These regions are also the main destination of female international migrants. This research also predicts that in the future the destination of these women will be East Asia which is experiencing remarkable gender equality at work.

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Lim, Joseph Y. "The Effects of the East Asian Crisis on the Employment of Women and Men: The Philippine Case." World Development 28, no. 7 (July 2000): 1285–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0305-750x(00)00023-1.

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Дисертації з теми "Women – employment – east asia"

Okoth, Felicity. "Self-Employment among East African Women in Malmö: An Intersectional Perspective." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22551.

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Self-employment is a popular occupation line among immigrants living in Malmö. East African women are however observed to be particularly absent with this regard. This thesis aims to investigate how East African women perceive self-employment in a bid to understand why few of them are entrepreneurs in Malmö. To this effect, the thesis questions whether East African women experience any barriers with regards to getting self-employed in Malmö. The working of gender and ethnicity in shaping self-employment perceptions among these women is also questioned. Unstructured and semi-structured interviews are used to gather material from the field with Intersectionality Theory picked to make sense of these material. Gender, ethnicity and immigrant status are found to be enmeshed and working recursively in different societal levels to shape East African women perceptions and also bar them from getting self-employed in Malmö. It is concluded that there is need for responsible actors to acknowledge the qualitative difference of immigrants as entrepreneurial Intersectional experiences are dissimilar between immigrant groups. As such, this research recommends a comparative study between various immigrant groups in Malmö. Further, a study that demarcates the working of agency and structure when it comes to self-employment motivation among people in an Intersectionality is also recommended.Key Words: Self-employment, East African women, Malmö, Intersectionality

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Mood, Jonathan William. "Employment, politics and working-class women in north east England, c. 1790-1914." Thesis, Durham University, 2006. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/2687/.

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This thesis explores the issue of the economic and political agency of working-class women in North East England for the period c.1790-1914. In contrast to the national average, the North East was populated by more men than women in this period, whilst the dominance of industrial trades such as coal, shipbuilding, iron and steel, and engineering resulted in the lowest female employment rates in the country, as well as the highest marriage rates and the youngest average age at marriage. These trends are investigated in detail and would suggest that if anywhere women were to be powerless it was here. Yet, as this thesis shows, women in the North East were active constituents of local culture and politics, often through different means, and with alternative motives than has been claimed for localities where there existed high rates of female employment. The impact of structural changes in the political system during the latter nineteenth century is assessed and it is suggested that whilst many political organisations of this period involved a small number of working-class women in contemporary political debate they were generally unsuccessful at appealing directly on political issues of substance; the formal politics of this period did not always coincide with the politicisation of working-class men and women. This thesis aims to strike a balance between typical and atypical experiences by exploring the social climate of a large region rather than focus specifically upon potentially unrepresentative localities.

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Islam, Farmin. "Law as a site of resistance : recourse to the law by 'garments women' in Bangladesh." Thesis, University of East London, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267035.

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Traditionally Bangladeshi women were not expected to work outside their homes, except in cases of dire necessity. The post independence period, since 1971, saw some major demographic changes, including the greater participation of women in various types of waged work. However, a more recent stage in this development has led to large numbers of women being drawn into the garments industry over the last decade. , In many ways the advent of the 'garments women represents a change in the traditional image of the Bangladeshi women. This thesis explores legal and social aspects of the lives of women in the garments industry in Bangladesh. A central theme is the possibilities for the use of law by women workers in the garments industry to protect their own interests. The legal research, therefore, examines the relevant law pertaining to industrial workers and their working conditions, and empirically investigates its application with respect to garments workers. The ideology relating to women in Bangladesh represented them as mute and . helpless victims. As a consequence it has been assumed that the legal system is beyond their reach. However, this investigation was predicated upon the idea of women's own agency. It is argued that, despite the constraints faced by women in every facet of their lives, they are able to act in their own interest and assert their rights on the basis of their own notions of fairness and justice. It was necessary, therefore, to listen to women's voices and acknowledge their own articulation of rights and resistance to masculine hegemony, both at work and in their homes. This was made possible by in-depth interviewing of garments workers. A decentred view of law helped to evaluate the ways in which women perceive their problems at work and make claims to fair treatment. The findings of the study led to a subversion of the myth of helpless Bangladeshi women, by presenting the diverse ways in which women in the garments industry resist socio-economic pressures. Data from in-depth interviews with women workers, lawyers, factory inspectors and legal claimants, and a quantitative analysis of Labour Court records, were all mutually reinforcing. They confirmed that women workers in the garments industry are using the law to resist workplace oppression. At the same time the particular litigation process pursued by the lawyers is unconventional in that it is used as a pressure mechanism against erring employers. The majority of the cases are settled outside the courtroom so that the women workers avoid the potential problems of a contested hearing. The lawyers apply their creativity in order to achieve maximum benefits for the workers. Some women, however, prefer to use the court as a platform to confront their employers. It is argued that .women are benefiting from these legal strategies both - materially and in other ways, not least in terms of enhanced self-esteem. These findings, which are contrary to the prevailing orthodoxy, open up the study of women workers and law in Bangladesh. Finally, the thesis suggests a number of seemingly small legal and administrative reforms which could improve the lives of women workers in the garments industry.

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Wu, Yi-Ping. "The Comfort Women in Northern East Asia As Represented by Plays, Rallies, and Exhibits." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu156409381300001.

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Khashman, Zainab Nimer Rajab. "Law and the protection of women from violence in Jordan." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2018. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/78764/.

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There is a legal separation in Jordan between Sharia' (Islamic) Law and Civil Law. Both types of law come together to create criminal law that has a negative effect on women's rights. Laws in Jordan are evolving in the right direction but are not going far enough to protect women from violence. This study explores the issues of violence against women in Jordan through a study the Jordanian legal system and the experience of women who suffer violence. The working of the Jordanian justice system is presented by analysing the responses of state and non-state institutions dealing with violence against women. Included in the research is an analysis of feminist concerns with the law and the position of women in society. My concern is with the way in which women's inferior position impacts on their experience of violence and their ability to obtain redress and access protection. The methods used to complete this study included qualitative data collections such as field observations, and semi-structured participant interviews. It also extended to archival work in which I studied official reports and public policies on VAW. My study attempts to explain the structure of gender relations and women's experiences of violence in the context of Jordanian society by using feminist theory. The empirical work conducted in Jordan considered the effectiveness of law in serving victims. Further analysis considers how the Jordanian socio-economic and legal environment influences women's decisions on whether to seek help. The research found that there is a need to introduce better-developed law accompanied by additional policy measures to affect an essential change in attitudes. This requires changing some laws and policy programmes to increase awareness of legal rights. Additionally, I will suggest that applying Islamic law to women's rights can also give women more freedom and provide them with additional opportunities to access protection. The research identified a need for coherence between Civil and Sharia' (Islamic) Law in developing civil and criminal remedies which would align Jordan's domestic law to its international obligations.

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Lam, Alice. "Equal employment opportunities for Japanese women : changing company practice." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1990. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/126/.

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The central aim of this thesis is to examine the extent to which the growing pressures for equal opportunity between the sexes has forced Japanese companies to adapt and modify their employment and personnel management practices in recent years. It analyses the major social and economic factors prompting Japanese companies to adopt more open employment policies towards women since the mid-1970s and the change programmes introduced by management. The thesis especially looks at how companies have reacted to the 1985 Equal Employment Opportunity Law and in the light of this considers how far the present legislation will bring about fundamental changes in the Japanese employment system towards more egalitarian treatment of women workers. A detailed case study was conducted at Seibu Department Stores Ltd., both before and after the introduction of the EEO Law, as a critical test of the possibility of introducing equal opportunities for women in a large Japanese company. Seibu was chosen because it is a big employer of women and is a company operating in an industry which has strong economic and- commercial incentives to offer women better career opportunities. All the more important, Seibu is regarded as a 'leading edge' company in personnel management reforms. The study reveals that despite many economic and social reasons that were in favour of change towards greater sexual equality in Seibu, and especially after the introduction of the EEO Law, change towards more egalitarian treatment of women has been very limited. This study illustrates the depth of the resistance to change in the core employment practices in large Japanese companies. The present EEO Law has little potential for undermining the structural mechanisms which perpetúate sexual job segregation in the employment system. The final part of the thesis speculates on the future prospects of introducing equal opportunities for women in Japanese companies. In the light of the present socio-legal constraints, the author puts forward a number of practical policy suggestions for engendering more pervasive long-term changes towards equal employment for Japanese women.

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Price, Anne M. "Constraints and Opportunities: The Shaping of Attitudes Towards Women‘s Employment in the Middle East." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1307403090.

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Seger, Karen Elizabeth 1939. "WOMEN AND CHANGE IN THE YEMEN ARAB REPUBLIC: A VIEW FROM THE LITERATURE (MIDDLE EAST, AGRICULTURE, EMIGRATION, WORKROLES, DEVELOPMENT)." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291263.

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Zhao, Ke. "Life cycle and career patterns of academic women in higher education in China today /." Oslo : Pedagogisk forskningsinstitutt, Universitetet i Oslo, 2008. http://www.duo.uio.no/publ/pfi/2008/75091/2008xThesisxfinalxxxZhaoxKe2.pdf.

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Lee, Sophia Seung-Yoon. "Labour market risks and institutional determinants : an international comparative study of institutions and non-standard employment with a focus on East Asia." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:25328c2c-1db6-4ccb-ade3-78f2e05d7cad.

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Korea and Japan stand out in the group of OECD countries for their rapid increase in, and high levels of, non-standard employment. The empirical evidence leads us to a two-part puzzle: Why are there so many precarious workers in Korea and Japan? And what are the institutional determinants of such labour market risks? This thesis commences by introducing the concept of 'risk shift', and the fuzzy-set ideal type approach is employed to conduct a comparative study of 18 countries. The labour market risks in Korea and Japan are then compared in an international context with 16 selected OECD countries. Fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis is employed to investigate the institutional determinants of labour market risks. It then focuses on the increase in non-standard employement in Korea and Japan. Taiwan is also included as a contrasting case, the study taking an institutional approach employing Comparative Historical Analysis. Chapters employing CHA examine how the different welfare production regimes evolved and how they matter in explaining the high rate of non-standard employment in East Asia. The new risk discussion, the argument on the definition and impact of deindustrialization and lastly theories on East Asian welfare states are revisited in the conclusion of this thesis. Finally, I critically discuss the notion of precarious workers and highlight the centrality of social policy that their organizational configuration affects political culture, the formation of the production system, the structure of the labour market and the kind of risk a country could experience.

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Книги з теми "Women – employment – east asia"

C, Brinton Mary, ed. Women's working lives in East Asia. Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press, 2001.

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1944-, Bonney Norman, and Sheng Xuewen 1956-, eds. Women's work in East and West: The dual burden of employment and family life. Armonk, N.Y: M.E. Sharpe, 1995.

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Stockman, Norman. Women's work in East and West: The dual burden of employment and family life. London: UCL Press, 1995.

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Centre for Women's Development Studies (New Delhi, India), ed. Space for power: Women's work and family strategies in South and South East Asia. Noida: Rainbow Publishers in collaboration with Centre for Women's Development Studies, 2002.

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O'Sullivan, Nuala. Teaching English: South-East Asia. Lincolnwood, Ill: Passport Books, 1997.

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Ma, Xinxin, ed. Employment, Retirement and Lifestyle in Aging East Asia. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0554-3.

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Lucita, Lazo, and ILO Regional Office for Asia & the Pacific., eds. Homeworkers of Southeast Asia. Bangkok: International Labour Organisation, Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, 1992.

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Jones, Gavin W. Demographic and employment change in megacities of South-East and East Asia. Canberra: Research School of Social Sciences, the Australian National University, 1999.

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International, Isis, and Committee for Asian Women., eds. Trabajadoras industriales en Asia. Santiago, Chile: Isis Internacional, 1985.

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Packard, Truman G. East Asia Pacific at work: Employment, enterprise, and well-being. Washington, D.C: World Bank, 2014.

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Частини книг з теми "Women – employment – east asia"

Papps, Ivy. "Attitudes to Female Employment in Four Middle Eastern Countries." In Women in the Middle East, 96–116. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-22588-0_5.

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Molony, Barbara, Janet Theiss, and Hyaeweol Choi. "New Women in the Interwar Period." In Gender in Modern East Asia, 224–68. First Edition. | Boulder, CO : Westview Press, 2016.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429493812-6.

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Yu, Ruoh-Rong, and Ming-Chang Tsai. "Retirement Timing and Post-retirement Employment in Taiwan." In Employment, Retirement and Lifestyle in Aging East Asia, 257–81. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0554-3_11.

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Schmuck, Claudine. "Sustaining: East Asia Pacific and Central and Eastern Europe." In Women in STEM Disciplines, 59–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41658-8_4.

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Cooke, Fang Lee, Katsuyuki Kubo, and Byoung-Hoon Lee. "Employment Regulation and Industrial Relations Systems in East Asia." In Routledge Handbook of Human Resource Management in Asia, 87–108. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315689005-5.

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Ma, Xinxin. "Introduction." In Employment, Retirement and Lifestyle in Aging East Asia, 1–16. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0554-3_1.

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Ma, Xinxin, and Jingwen Zhang. "Health and Employment of the Younger, Middle-Aged, and Older Adults in China." In Employment, Retirement and Lifestyle in Aging East Asia, 19–40. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0554-3_2.

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Oshio, Takashi. "Health Capacity to Work and Its Long-Term Trend Among the Japanese Elderly." In Employment, Retirement and Lifestyle in Aging East Asia, 133–60. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0554-3_6.

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Ma, Xinxin, and Jie Cheng. "The Impact of Social Insurance Contributions on Chinese Firms’ Employment and Wages." In Employment, Retirement and Lifestyle in Aging East Asia, 71–105. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0554-3_4.

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Ma, Xinxin, and Xiaobo Qu. "Work Skills Gap and the Wage Differentials Between the Young, Middle-Aged, and Older Workers in China." In Employment, Retirement and Lifestyle in Aging East Asia, 41–70. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0554-3_3.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Women – employment – east asia"

Vasilchenko, Elena. "WOMEN AND MUSIC IN THE CULTURAL SYSTEMS OF THE FAR EAST AND SOUTH EAST ASIA." In 4th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES and ARTS Proceedings. STEF92 Technology, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2017/62/s25.029.

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Dabphet, Siriporn. "Reducing Inequalities in East Asia: Challenge and Solution of Women in Modern China." In – The Asian Conference on Education & International Development 2023. The International Academic Forum(IAFOR), 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22492/issn.2189-101x.2023.17.

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Anggaunitakiranantika, Mrs. "Indonesia Migrant Worker: Modern Representation of Women As Javanese Villagers in East Java, Indonesia." In Proceedings of the International Conference on Rural Studies in Asia (ICoRSIA 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icorsia-18.2019.59.

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Al-Abdulwahed, Khalid, and Nouf Al-Ashwan. "Female Vocational Training." In SPE Middle East Oil & Gas Show and Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/204528-ms.

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Abstract The development of any country lies in all members of society in a country, the old generation to the younger and new ones. After launching the vision of 2030 pillars, the circle of women barriers becomes wider and unlimited in the field of employment. In order to merge women in the oil and gas industry, the first milestone must be considered is creating opportunities in the labour market alongside educating and training them to acquire great learning and hone skills that qualify the women to be in the industrial workforce. It will widely contribute to the socio-economic change in a country. The female has individual skills and capabilities that the companies’ needs to achieve its business objectives. The institutes which are fundamentally structured; can open another facility which is targeted the female vocational and technical training based on the same assets (strategies & policies). Another way to do so is through collaboration with international vocational institutions, local female universities and colleges. These days there is no doubt that the oil and gas companies are critically needed for the local talents and diversity of its range. As an example, SPSP has planned to inaugurate a new female vocational & technical center, in the meantime will offer a major source of job opportunities for well trained and qualified young Saudi women that how we encourage and retain more Saudi female to the petroleum energy sector. The training programs will include Health & Safety, and Electrical Diploma. There is a lack of trained and qualified Saudi female technical workforce at the industry sector. To solve this problem, the education and the labour sectors must work simultaneously to empower the female in this field. Many companies need to retool the female candidates from functional roles such as HR or Finance to target them into practice hands-on roles. To sum up, as Vision 2030 of rewarding opportunities to the women stated, ‘’ we are directing significant investment toward unlocking their talents and supporting their contribution to the Kingdom’s economic growth.’’ Business leaders should call for an action to increase female’s opportunity at the energy sector side by side the government’s efforts in the female vocational training programs.

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Kuswandari, Eti, Harsono Salimo, and Yulia Lanti Retno Dewi. "Social Economic Determinants of Birth Weight: Path Analysis Evidence from Situbondo, East Java." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.104.

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ABSTRACT Background: Social economics and environmental factors contribute to low birthweight. Cigarette exposure to tobacco smoke in pregnant women has been discerned as an important risk factor for low birth weight. The purpose of this study was to investigate social economic determinants of birth weight using path analysis model. Subjects and Method: A case control study was carried out at Asembagus community health center, Situbondo, East Java. The study population was children aged 0-1 years. A sample of 150 children with normal birthweight and 50 children with low birth weight was selected randomly. The dependent variable was low bierthweight. The independent variables were maternal age, maternal employment status, family income, maternal knowledge, and cigarette smoke exposure. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by path analysis. Results: The risk of low birthweight was directly and positively associated with maternal age <20 or ≥35 years (b= 1.78; 95% CI= 0.83 to 2.73; p<0.001), low maternal education (<Senior high school) (b= 0.93; 95% CI= 0.00 to 1.86; p= 0.049), mother work outside the home (b= 1.24; 95% CI= 0.26 to 2.22; p= 0.013), low family income low (b= 1.33; 95% CI= 0.42 to 2.24; p= 0.004), low maternal knowledge (b= 1.17; 95% CI= 0.13 to 2.21; p= 0.026), and high cigarette smoke exposure (b= 1.11; CI 95%= 0.08 to 2.13; p= 0.035). The risk of low birthweight was indirectly and positively associated with maternal education, maternal knowledge, and family income. Conclusion: The risk of low birthweight is directly and positively associated with maternal age <20 or ≥35 years, low maternal education (<Senior high school), mother work outside the home, low family income low, low maternal knowledge, and high cigarette smoke exposure. The risk of low birthweight is indirectly and positively associated with maternal education, maternal knowledge, and family income. Keywords: low birthweight, cigarette smoke exposure, social economy determinants, path analysis Correspondence: Eti Kuswandari. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: etikuswandari.eki@gmail.com. Mobile: +6282132770153. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.104

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Ho, P., N. Rijnberg, SAM Gernaat, MJ Emaus, RDE Grobbee, SC Lee, M. Hartman, and HM Verkooijen. "Abstract P5-08-46: Competing causes of death among women with breast cancer in South East Asia: Effects of ethnicity, and age at diagnosis and stage at diagnosis." In Abstracts: Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; December 8-12, 2015; San Antonio, TX. American Association for Cancer Research, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs15-p5-08-46.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Women – employment – east asia"

ElDidi, Hagar, Chloe van Biljon, Muzna Fatima Alvi, Claudia Ringler, Nazmun Ratna, Sawsan Abdulrahim, Patrick Kilby, Joyce Wu, and Zahid ul Arefin Choudhury. Reducing vulnerability to forced labor and trafficking of short-term, low-skilled women migrant workers in the South Asia to Middle East corridor. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.134673.

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Slater, Jessica, Jenny Yi-Chen Han, Charrlotte Adelina, Jaee Nikam, Diane Archer, Ha Nguyen, and Dayoon Kim. Air Pollution and the World of Work: Policies, Initiatives and the Current Situation – A Scoping and Evidence Review for Southeast and East Asia. Stockholm Environment Institute, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2022.040.

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This scoping report synthesizes the authors’ initial work to understand the differentiated impacts of air pollution on workers in East and Southeast Asian countries and to identify evidence-based recommendations from regional case studies to help improve air quality and foster healthy employment in the context of just transitions towards a low-carbon economy.

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MacDonald, Keir. COVID-19, Global Value Chains, and the Impact on Gender: Evidence from the Garment and Electronics Sectors in Asia. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.074.

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This report analyses the impact of COVID-19 on women in the global garment and electronics value chains, with a focus on women working in production in Asia. Building on a previous K4D assessment of COVID-19 and its implications for global value chains (Quak, 2020), this report addresses the need to understand how COVID-19 specifically impacts women in global value chains. The report seeks to answer the question “how have male and female workers been affected differently by the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly regarding employment and the ability to work differently?”. The review presented is based on existing evidence of the gendered impacts of COVID-19 on the garment and electronics value chains in Asia and draws on both academic and grey literature. At the time of research (March 2021), the evidence was relatively sparse, frequently relying on initial surveys completed early on in the pandemic. In addition, data disaggregated by gender is rare. Where these data are not available, our approach is to synthesise what we know about the impact of COVID-19 with what we know about the nature of gender in the garment and electronics sectors and to conclude the likely impacts of COVID-19 on gender.

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Magnoli, Alessandro. Bridging the Gender Gap in Developing Regions. Inter-American Development Bank, July 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0012210.

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According to conventional wisdom, health and education are important factors for economic and social development: they improve productivity and income distribution, and the poor gain the most. Nonetheless, in many regions of the world not all members of society receive these services equally. To a large extent, women are left out of health and education systems; as a consequence, they constitute an economically and socially disadvantaged group. This article analyzes the gender gaps within health and education in six regions of the developing world: Sub-Saharan Africa; South Asia; East and Southeast Asia; The Middle East and North Africa; Latin America and the Caribbean; Eastern Europe and Central Asia. In all of these regions, there is an unfinished agenda in terms of access and equity.

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Ringler, Claudia, Sawsan Abdulrahim, May Adra, Muzna Fatima Alvi, Zahid ul Arefin Choudhury, Hagar ElDidi, Patrick Kilby, et al. Gender-Sensitive Risks and Options Assessment for Decision Making (ROAD) to Support WiF2. Centre for Excellence and Development Impact and Learning (CEDIL), April 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.51744/crpp8.

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The Gender-Sensitive Risks and Options Assessment for Decision Making (ROAD) to Support WiF-2 (ROAD migration project), a partnership coordinated by the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), Australian National University, American University Beirut, Lincoln University, and University of Dhaka, evaluated the ILO-DFID Partnership Programme on Fair Recruitment and Decent Work for Women Migrant Workers in South Asia and the Middle East (Work in Freedom, Phase 2 project [WiF-2]), which operated from 2018 to 2023. The WiF-2 project specifically aimed “to reduce vulnerability to trafficking and forced labour of women and girls across migration pathways leading to the care sector and textiles, clothing, leather and footwear industries (TCLFI) of South Asia and Arab States” (ToC WiF-2).

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Avis, William Robert. Participation Rates in HE and TVET and Socio-economic Development. Institute of Development Studies, December 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4dd.2024.015.

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This rapid evidence review examines women's participation rates in Higher Education (HE) and Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) across the Middle East North Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Southeast Asia regions, alongside socio-economic development indicators. It highlights link between gender equality and sustainable development, stressing the need for equal access to education, economic resources, and political participation for women. Drawing on UNESCO and UNDP data, the review outlines global commitments and provides country-level data, categorised by income groups.

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Hall, Sarah, Mark Vincent Aranas, and Amber Parkes. Making Care Count: An Overview of the Women’s Economic Empowerment and Care Initiative. Oxfam, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2020.6881.

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Across the globe, unpaid care and domestic work (UCDW) sustains communities and economies, provides essential care for children, sick and elderly people and those living with disabilities, and keeps households clean and families fed. Without unpaid care, the global economy as we know it would grind to a halt. Yet this work falls disproportionately on women and girls, limiting their opportunities to participate in decent paid employment, education, leisure and political life. Heavy and unequal UCDW traps women and girls in cycles of poverty and stops them from being part of solutions. To help address this, Oxfam, together with a number of partners, has been working in over 25 countries to deliver the Women’s Economic Empowerment and Care (WE-Care) programme since 2013. WE-Care aims to reignite progress on gender equality by addressing heavy and unequal UCDW. By recognizing, reducing and redistributing UCDW, WE-Care is promoting a just and inclusive society where women and girls have more choice at every stage of their lives, more opportunities to take part in economic, social and political activities, and where carers’ voices are heard in decision making about policies and budgets at all levels. This overview document aims to highlight the approaches taken and lessons learned on unpaid care that Oxfam has implemented in collaboration with partners in sub-Saharan Africa and Asia.

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Minkanic, Michelle, and Emily Tran. Socioeconomic and Cultural Factors Influencing Type of Hormonal Contraceptive Use in Women in Developed vs Under-Developed Geographic Areas. Science Repository, April 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.31487/j.cei.2024.01.01.

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The intent of this study is to identify and compare sociocultural barriers in various geographic regions that impede access, type and use of hormonal contraception, and methods to improve restrictions in access. Understanding and addressing sociocultural barriers to hormonal contraception on a larger intercontinental scale can create a more effective and inclusive healthcare system. A search using PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase was conducted on current and past literature performed in various developmental countries. Terms such as “birth control access AND developed nations”, “barriers of hormonal contraception AND low-income countries” were used. Studies included ranged from RCTs, cross-sectional studies, literature reviews, and meta-analyses. Countries reviewed with lower levels of development in Africa, the Middle East, Southeast Asia, and Latin America have demonstrated a rise in long-acting hormonal contraception (LARCs) after injectables. Barriers in these regions include misconceptions fertility and contraception use, access to modern contraceptives (these include oral and emergency contraceptive pills, implants, injectables, contraceptive patches and rings, intrauterine devices, female and male sterilization, vaginal barrier methods and female condoms), stigma and patriarchal settings that result in male influence on women’s reproductive choices. More developed regions of the world like the United States and Europe demonstrated a range of contraceptive options with the most compliance for intrauterine implants (IUDs) in younger reproductive women. The greatest hindrances for developed regions were cost, difficulty obtaining appointments, and fallacies for future fertility. Contraceptive education and culturally sensitive counseling should be emphasized for healthcare employees serving women with ease of access, and to strengthen reproductive support services. Advocating to provide underdeveloped regions with better contraceptive resources highlights an importance to give women globally the empowerment to choose the direction of their own reproductive journey.

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Thanda Kyaw, Ai. Socio-Economic Impacts of Foot and Mouth Disease Among Cattle Farmers in Sagaing and Mandalay Areas, Myanmar. O.I.E (World Organisation for Animal Health), May 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.20506/standz.2784.

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The World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) Sub-Regional Representation for South East Asia (OIE SRR-SEA) implemented the Stop Transboundary Animal Diseases and Zoonoses (STANDZ) Programme funded by AusAID to strengthen the veterinary services and effectively manage the control and eradication of foot and mouth disease (FMD) in Cambodia, Lao PDR and Myanmar. The purpose of the study is to understand how FMD outbreaks impact smallholder farmers, both men and women, at the household and village level and how control and eradication of FMD would benefit them. Specific aims are to estimate the direct and indirect socio-economic costs associated with the outbreaks of FMD as well as of the measures taken by farmers to deal with such outbreaks and to identify issues that contributed to the socio-economic impacts of FMD outbreaks and opportunities to reduce them.

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Muhoza, Cassilde, Wikman Anna, and Rocio Diaz-Chavez. Mainstreaming gender in urban public transport: lessons from Nairobi, Kampala and Dar es Salaam. Stockholm Environment Institute, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2021.006.

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The urban population of Africa, the fastest urbanizing continent, has increased from 19% to 39% in the past 50 years, and the number of urban dwellers is projected to reach 770 million by 2030. However, while rapid urbanization has increased mobility and created a subsequent growth in demand for public transport in cities, this has not been met by the provision of adequate and sustainable infrastructure and services. The majority of low-income residents and the urban poor still lack access to adequate transport services and rely on non-motorized and public transport, which is often informal and characterized by poor service delivery. Lack of access to transport services limits access to opportunities that aren’t in the proximity of residential areas, such as education, healthcare, and employment. The urban public transport sector not only faces the challenge of poor service provision, but also of gender inequality. Research shows that, in the existing urban transport systems, there are significant differences in the travel patterns of and modes of transport used by women and men, and that these differences are associated with their roles and responsibilities in society. Moreover, the differences in travel patterns are characterized by unequal access to transport facilities and services. Women are generally underrepresented in the sector, in both its operation and decision-making. Women’s mobility needs and patterns are rarely integrated into transport infrastructure design and services and female users are often victims of harassment and assault. As cities rapidly expand, meeting the transport needs of their growing populations while paying attention to gender-differentiated mobility patterns is a prerequisite to achieving sustainability, livability and inclusivity. Gender mainstreaming in urban public transport is therefore a critical issue, but one which is under-researched in East Africa. This research explores gender issues in public transport in East Africa, focusing in particular on women’s inclusion in both public transport systems and transport policy decision-making processes and using case studies from three cities: Nairobi, Kampala and Dar es Salaam.

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