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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Women and Defence Force"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 20 лютого 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Women and Defence Force"

Wake, Nicola. "Battered Women, Startled Householders and Psychological Self-Defence: Anglo-Australian Perspectives." Journal of Criminal Law 77, no. 5 (October 2013): 433–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1350/jcla.2013.77.5.868.

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This article provides a timely and critical reappraisal of the interconnected, but discrete, doctrines of loss of self-control, under ss 54–56 of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009, and self-defence within s. 76 of the Criminal Justice and Immigration Act 2008. The loss of control conceptualisation renders it difficult for defendants to claim the partial defence where exculpatory self-defence has been rejected, and fear of serious violence is adduced. This doctrinal incoherence has been exacerbated by the fact that s. 43 of the Crime and Courts Act 2013 effectively legitimises the use of disproportionate force in self-defence, but only in ‘startled householder’ cases. A more appropriate avenue of reform is provided by developments in Australian jurisdictions. This comparative extirpation engages the introduction of a new partial defence of self-preservation/psychological self-defence predicated on the notion of excessive utilisation of force in self-defence as in New South Wales, supplemented with a ‘social framework’ provision, akin to that in Victoria. The new defence would avoid the problems associated with requiring the abused woman to establish a loss of self-control and/or affording an affirmative defence in ‘startled householder’ cases.

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Smith, Hugh, and Ian McAllister. "The Changing Military Profession: Integrating Women in the Australian Defence Force." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Sociology 27, no. 3 (December 1991): 369–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/144078339102700305.

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Molekane, Ellen. "THE ROLE OF WOMEN IN THE SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL DEFENCE FORCE (SANDF)." African Security Review 5, no. 5 (January 1996): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10246029.1996.9627822.

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Smith, Hugh. "Women in the Australian Defence Force: In Line for the Front Line?" Australian Quarterly 62, no. 2 (1990): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20635580.

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Duriesmith, David, and Georgina Holmes. "The masculine logic of DDR and SSR in the Rwanda Defence Force." Security Dialogue 50, no. 4 (June 24, 2019): 361–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0967010619850346.

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Since the 1994 genocide and civil war, the Rwandan government has implemented an externally funded disarmament, demobilization and reintegration/security sector reform (DDR/SSR) programme culminating in the consolidation of armed groups into a new, professionalized Rwanda Defence Force. Feminists argue that DDR/SSR initiatives that exclude combatant women and girls or ignore gendered security needs fail to transform the political conditions that led to conflict. Less attention has been paid to how gendered relations of power play out through gender-sensitive DDR and SSR initiatives that seek to integrate women and transform hyper-masculine militarized masculinities. This article investigates how Rwanda’s DDR/SSR programme is governed by an oppressive masculine logic. Drawing on critical studies on men and masculinities and feminist work on peacebuilding, myths and the politics of belonging, it argues that Rwanda’s locally owned DDR/SSR programme places the military and militarization at the centre of the country’s nation-building programme. Through various ‘boundary-construction’ practices, the Rwandan government attempts to stabilize the post-1994 gender order and entrench the hegemony of a new militarized masculinity in Rwandan society. The case study draws on field research conducted in 2014 and 2015 and a discourse analysis of historical accounts, policy documents and training materials of the Rwanda Defence Force.

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Lee, Jennifer E. C., Irina Goldenberg, Ann-Renée Blais, Caitlin Comeau, Carina Daugherty, Eva Guérin, Christine Frank, et al. "Trials and tribulations among members of Canada’s Defence Team early in the pandemic: key insights from the COVID-19 Defence Team Survey." Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada 42, no. 3 (March 2022): 104–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.42.3.04.

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Introduction Due to the unprecedented impact of COVID-19, there is a need for research assessing pandemic-related challenges and stressors. The current study aimed to assess key concerns and general well-being among members of Canada’s Defence Team, including Canadian Armed Forces personnel and members of the Department of National Defence (DND) Public Service. Methods The COVID-19 Defence Team Survey was administered electronically to Defence Team staff in April and May of 2020 and was completed by 13 688 Regular Force, 5985 Reserve Force and 7487 civilian DND Public Service personnel. Along with demographic information, the survey included assessments of work arrangement, pandemic-related concerns, general well-being and social and organizational support. Weighted data (to ensure representation) were used in all analyses. Results The majority of respondents were working from home, with a small minority unable to work due to restrictions. Though many concerns were endorsed by a substantial proportion of respondents, the most prevalent concerns were related to the health and well-being of loved ones. The majority of respondents reported their partner, family, supervisors, friends, colleagues and children provided general support. Half of the civilian defence staff and one-third of military respondents reported a decline in mental health. Women, younger respondents, those with dependents and, in some cases, those who were single without children were at risk of lower well-being. Conclusion The pandemic has negatively impacted a substantial portion of the Defence Team. When responding to future crises, it is recommended that leaders of organizations provide additional supports to higher-risk groups and to supervisors who are ideally positioned to support employees during challenging times.

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Prezelj, Iztok, Olivera Injac, and Anja Kolak. "Democratisation of Defence Policies and Systems in Slovenia and Montenegro: Developmental and Comparative Aspects." Politics in Central Europe 16, no. 3 (December 1, 2020): 713–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pce-2020-0032.

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Abstract The democratisation of national defence policies and systems plays a vital role in making any country more democratic. The democratic transition of this sector in Slovenia and Montenegro has experienced a challenging reform process and it is now time for reflection. This paper aims to identify the main characteristics and issues of the democratisation process in the field of national defence in both countries and, by comparing them, to look for key similarities and differences. The paper argues and confirms that the Slovenian and Montenegrin national defence and security systems were initially faced with serious post-socialist democratic deficits, but gradual democratisation then brought drastic improvements to the quality of their democracy. The process of joining NATO and the change from a military threat perception to a non-military threat perception created space for many reforms. Greatest steps forward in democratisation in both countries entailed nominating civilian defence ministers, having a reasonable number of civilian defence experts involved in the military business, establishing working parliamentary monitoring committees, reducing defence budgets and reallocating funding to other sectors. Progress was also observed in reducing the total number of soldiers, establishing a fully professional armed force, assuring that women in the armed forces were properly represented and increasing the deployment of soldiers to foreign stabilisation operations in a sign of becoming security providers.

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AbstractThe democratisation of national defence policies and systems plays a vital role in making any country more democratic. The democratic transition of this sector in Slovenia and Montenegro has experienced a challenging reform process and it is now time for reflection. This paper aims to identify the main characteristics and issues of the democratisation process in the field of national defence in both countries and, by comparing them, to look for key similarities and differences. The paper argues and confirms that the Slovenian and Montenegrin national defence and security systems were initially faced with serious post-socialist democratic deficits, but gradual democratisation then brought drastic improvements to the quality of their democracy. The process of joining NATO and the change from a military threat perception to a non-military threat perception created space for many reforms. Greatest steps forward in democratisation in both countries entailed nominating civilian defence ministers, having a reasonable number of civilian defence experts involved in the military business, establishing working parliamentary monitoring committees, reducing defence budgets and reallocating funding to other sectors. Progress was also observed in reducing the total number of soldiers, establishing a fully professional armed force, assuring that women in the armed forces were properly represented and increasing the deployment of soldiers to foreign stabilisation operations in a sign of becoming security providers.

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van der Pols, Jolieke C., Jeeva Kanesarajah, Alison Bell, and Chi-Wai Lui. "Current dietary supplement use of Australian military veterans of Middle East operations." Public Health Nutrition 20, no. 17 (August 15, 2017): 3156–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980017001975.

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AbstractObjectiveTo assess patterns and levels of dietary supplement use among Australian Defence Forces, previously deployed to the Middle East Area of Operations.DesignA cross-sectional study. Participants of a large survey self-completed questions about dietary supplement use, health status, personal and job-related characteristics, and lifestyle factors. Frequency of current use of supplements was assessed in three categories (bodybuilding, energy and weight loss).SettingMiddle East Area of Operations post-deployment health survey.SubjectsCurrent and ex-serving Australian Defence Force personnel (n 14 032) who deployed to the Middle East between 2001 and 2009.ResultsBodybuilding supplements were used by 17·5 % of participants, energy supplements by 24·5 % and weight-loss supplements by 7·6 %. Overall, 32·3 % of participants used any of these supplements. Bodybuilding and energy supplements were more often used by men, younger persons and those in the Army, while weight-loss supplements were more commonly used by women and Navy personnel. Supplements in all three categories were more commonly used by persons in lower ranks, active service and combat roles. Users of bodybuilding supplements had healthier lifestyles and better health status, while users of energy and weight-loss supplements had less healthy lifestyles and poorer mental and physical health status. Overall, 11·7 % of participants used supplements containing caffeine and 3·6 % used a creatine-containing product.ConclusionsUse of dietary supplements among Australian Defence Force personnel is common, and patterned by lifestyle factors and health status.

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Moore, Brenda L. "Introduction to Armed Forces & Society." Armed Forces & Society 43, no. 2 (March 1, 2017): 191–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095327x17694909.

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This Armed Forces & Society issue is on women in the contemporary armed forces in the United States and other nations to include the South African National Defense Force and the Australian Defense Force. This issue contains a collection of nine papers, each reviewing a current aspect of women serving in the military since the post–Vietnam War Era. There are also two review essays of Megan Mackenzie’s book, Beyond the Band of Brothers: The US Military and the Myth That Women Can’t Fight. An overview of changing laws and the expanding role of women in the military is provided in this introduction, as well as summaries of the nine articles, and comments on the two book reviews mentioned above.

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Дисертації з теми "Women and Defence Force"

Bridges, Donna V., University of Western Sydney, of Arts Education and Social Sciences College, and School of Humanities. "The gendered battlefield : women in the Australian Defence Force." THESIS_CAESS_HUM_Bridges_D.xml, 2005. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/471.

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This thesis seeks to understand and critically discuss gender inequalities in the Australian Defence Force (ADF) as a barrier to full integration. This is achieved through an exploration of current literature, policy and legal documents, and from the point of view of a sample of ADF women. The purpose of this thesis is to determine whether constructions of gender devalue, exclude and therefore oppress women in the ADF and to determine whether constructions of gender legitimise the subordinate position of female personnel within the ADF. The study locates the ‘voices’, the experiences, and opinions of a group of female ADF personnel in order to hear from the ‘central’ players. The thesis contributes to current debates by: providing a platform for female members of the ADF to relate their experiences and opinions, thereby, giving a voluntary voice to women who are often not heard from in the debates; providing a feminist perspective -which in the Australian context is scant, as Australian feminisms have been reluctant to approach this controversial area; providing a critical perspective that is complementary to in-house research, through conducting the research from a position outside the ADF. The aims of the research are to explore the culture of the ADF, with the purpose of illustrating the underlying causes of barriers to full integration. It aims to understand where unequal treatment arises from, how inequity manifests, how this impacts on women, and how ADF resources are ultimately misused by the excluding of women from certain employments. Coming from a pacifist position I originally wanted to know why women would want to join the ADF, this question was easily answered through the beginning phases of the research. Through the research fieldwork I was led in the direction of focusing on the gendered nature of Defence culture. Government and ADF policy on combat exclusions I found to be a barrier to integration that impact upon career progression in the ADF. The research further revealed a disturbing realisation that Australian women continue to be denied full citizenship rights and responsibilities due to the inequities of restrictions on military service. The research led to the finding that women are excluded from roles in the ADF based on the mythology that women’s service is inferior to that of males. Issues presented in the arguments for cohesion, physical strength, and protectionism are military myths that seek to continue to exclude from positions of leadership, prestige and power in the ADF. Women’s current and potential roles in combat and peacekeeping are presented in the thesis as ultimate case studies revealing how women are denied equal employment rights in the ADF
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

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Bridges, Donna V. "The gendered battlefield : women in the Australian Defence Force." Thesis, View Thesis, 2005. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/471.

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Bridges, Donna V. "The gendered battlefield women in the Australian Defence Force /." View Thesis, 2005. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20060210.095046/index.html.

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Mpendulo, Bongiwe Wendy. "Women in decision making positions in the South African National Defence Force." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/12242.

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This study investigates the women in decision-making positions in the South African Defence Force (SANDF), with a special focus on the Human Resources Division. The Security Sector, a previously male-dominated sector, is investigated. The environment, the enabling qualities, policy formulation, implementation of gender-sensitive policies, monitoring of the implementation of gender policies and opportunities are explored to investigate their impact on decision-making by women. This research report is based on the hypothesis that, despite the appointment of women in key-decision-making positions, their role in these positions does not make an impact on their overall decision-making, as they are not empowered to perform at their best due to various factors that are analysed in this report. Factors that contribute to or impede impactful decision-making by women in decision-making positions in the Security Sector are investigated in this report. This report acknowledges the efforts made by the SANDF to comply with the required legislation for the empowerment of women in decision-making positions. However the environment, stereotypes and other factors pose a challenge to the impact that women potentially have in decision-making positions. The number of women in decision-making positions poses a challenge to the influence that these appointed women can have in their positions.

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Mophuting, Mpho C. "Expanding the shield and facing the challenges : integration of women in Botswana Defence Force /." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2003. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/03Mar%5FMophuting.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A. in International Security and Civil Military Relations)--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2003.
Thesis advisor(s): Karen Guttieri, Donald Abenheim, J. Holmes Armstead. Includes bibliographical references. Also available online.

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Monethi, Dineo Cecilia. "Transformation in the South African National Defence Force : with specific reference to gender equality." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80295.

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Thesis (MPA)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Transformation is an inevitable consequence of human resource practices and includes the political imperatives, behavioural transformation and the turnaround change. Gender equality is a critical component of the United Nations Resolution on Human Rights (Resolution 1325). Women are subjected to a variety of barriers that determine their organisational experiences, and therefore the achievement of gender equity requires the elimination of patriarchal practices, stereotypes and attitudes that perpetuate their marginalisation. Striving for gender equity within the armed forces should not reduce women to being passive victims of the transformation agenda as they operate both during conflict and peace-time. The representation and empowerment of women into decision-making structures and the protection of their rights can be spearheaded through the gender mainstreaming strategies. In the South African National Defence Force (SANDF) transformation placed greater emphasis on racial representivity to the neglect of gender equity. This situation has effectively contributed to the gender dialogue which aimed to assess the implementation of gender equity objectives. Furthermore, it is the guiding principle on the participation of women in the military to enhance gender representation and the attainment of self-actualisation and excelling in their areas of responsibilities. The purpose of the study was to explore the extent to which the SANDF supports gender transformation imperatives to ensure gender equity and it further investigated gender integration within the SANDF as a supportive theoretical analysis. The conceptual framework of gender transformation and gender mainstreaming in the military, and in particular within the SANDF, in the context of Employment Equity was conducted. To make an objective and informed assessment, the attitudes and perceptions of middle management and lower management of both the SANDF were measured. Data were collected from respondents through three sessions of facilitated focus group interviews and a semi-structured self-administered questionnaire. The sample was drawn from the Pretoria region. The findings of the study indicated that the DOD top leadership is supportive of gender transformation by the effective promulgation of transformation policies and the improvement in the representation of women in decision-making structures. The military environment is trying to create a conducive environment for women by providing resources, the essential training for women to maximise their potential, and furthermore by allowing their inclusion in all areas including deployment areas.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Transformasie is ‘n onvermydelike gevolg van personeelbestuurspraktyk en sluit in die politieke imperatiewe, gedragstransformasie en omkeerverandering. Geslagsgelykgeregtigheid is ‘n kritieke komponent van die Verenigde Volke se Resolusie aangaande Menseregte (Resolusie 1325). Vroue word onderwerp aan ‘n verskeidenheid hindernisse wat hul organisasie ervarings bepaal en daarom vereis die bereiking van geslagsgelykgeregtigheid die uitwissing van patriargale praktyke, stereotipes en houdings wat marginalisering bevorder. Die strewe na geslagsgelykgeregtigheid binne Weermagte behoort vroue nie te degradeer tot passiewe slagoffers van die transformasie agenda nie aangesien hulle aangewend word tydens beide konflik- en vredestye. Die verteenwoordiging en bemagtiging van vroue in besluitmakende strukture en die beskerming van hulle regte kan gerig word deur geslagshoofstroming strategieë. In die Suid-Afrikaanse Nasionale Weermag (SANW) plaas transformasie groter klem op rasse verteenwoordiging as op die nalating van geslagsgelykgeregtigheid. Die situasie het effektief bygedra tot die geslagsdialoog wat beoog om die implementering van geslagsgelykgeregtigheid doelwitte te evalueer. Dit is ook verder die leidinggewende beginsel rakende die deelname van vroue in die militêr om geslagsverteenwoordiging te bevorder, die bereiking van selfaktualisering en uitblinking in hulle verantwoordelikeidsomgewings. Die doel van hierdie studie was om te bepaal tot welke mate die SANW geslagstransformasie imperatiewe ondersteun ten einde geslagsgelykgeregtigheid te verseker en het ook ondersoek ingestel na geslagsintegrasie binne die SANW as ‘n ondersteunende teoretiese anal ise. Die konseptuele raamwerk is geskep rakende geslagstransformasie en geslagshoofstroming in die militêr, en in besonder aangaande die SANW binne die konteks van Werkverskaffingsgelykheid. Ten einde ‘n objektiewe en ingeligte evaluering uit te voer, is die houdings en persepsies van Departement van Verdediging (DvV) militêre en siviele middelbestuurders en lae vlak bestuurders gemeet. Data is versamel van respondente tydens drie geleenthede van gefasiliteerde fokusgroep onderhoude en ‘n semi -geadministreerde vraelys. Die steekproef is geneem vanuit die Pretoria omgewing. Die bevindinge van die studie dui daarop dat die (DvV) se top-leierskap ondersteunend is aangaande geslagstransformasie deur die effektiewe uitvaardiging van transformasie beleide en die verbetering van verteenwordiging van vroue in besluitmakende strukture. Die militêre omgewing poog om ‘n omgewing te skep wat toeganklik is vir vroue deur die voorsiening van middele wat noodsaaklik is vir opleiding van vroue ten einde hul potensiaal te optimaliseer en hulle verder toegang te verleen tot alle gebiede insluitend gevegsgebiede.

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Hauser, Orlee. "Doing army feeling army : women and organizational belonging in the Israeli Defence Forces." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=85166.

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There is an ongoing debate as to the role of women in Israel's army and to the degree of integration of women into male-dominated military positions. Using qualitative methods (in-depth interviews and participant observation), this dissertation examines the participation of women in the Israeli Defence Forces with a focus on organizational belonging and military status.
Women soldiers find distinct ways of experiencing organizational belonging and gaining status in the army. Much of women's variation in organizational belonging is linked, not to positions held, but, rather, to the kind of base at which a woman served during her service. Those serving in closed bases (at which soldiers stay to sleep), report developing a greater sense of organizational belonging than those serving in open bases (at which soldiers return home to sleep). This distinction is linked to notions of combat. Those serving at closed bases are more likely to serve in close proximity to combat. As well, closed bases are associated with combat more than are open bases regardless of the nature of individual closed bases. Thus, women serving on closed bases benefit from the prestige associated with combat positions as well as from the organizationally bonding experience of staying to sleep on the base. This stands in contrast with women serving on open bases who are more likely to have their sense of organizational belonging affected by their actual army position and rank and tend to seek status through association with higher ranking soldiers such as their officers and commanders.
There has been a great deal of literary discourse concerning women's participation in the IDF concentrating on women's military positions and ranks. While my research relates to this discourse, it differs through its emphasis on base placement over army position/rank. My study concludes with a discussion of my contribution to organizational belonging literature and with reflections on the implications of my findings for both the IDF and Jewish women in Israel.

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Jericho, Jyonah. "Hegemonic Masculinity in the Australian Defence Force – the Exclusion of Women from Combat Service as State Policy, 1973-2013." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/13726.

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This thesis uses qualitative content analysis methods and aims to identify the dominant cultural and political themes elites seek to arouse when they defend Australia’s Gendered Combat Policy in the public domain. Male Defence personnel and Federal Government Ministers lead these discussions. No prior study explores how or why male elites and other men who benefit from hegemonic masculinity in state institutions actively defend the bio-political regime the Executive enforces over the gendered combat body. In recent decades, debates have shifted from away from criteria of gender to criteria of biology as public support for gender equality grows. Elites argue that the biophysical performance limitations of the female combat body justify the state enforcing this regime. Excluding women from combat duties is not just another case of discrimination against women that occurs in Australia’s work sector. The social problems that transpire from this policy extend beyond women’s diminished citizenship status. Excluding women from frontline military roles replicates the patriarchal makeup of key institutions of state power, locally and globally. The military is a formidable entity that defends Australia’s sovereignty and protects key institutions that uphold the state as a patriarchal construct. Excluding women from frontline military duties denies them the opportunity to accrue the experience required to lead Australia’s military institution locally and on the world stage. The absence of women in these senior roles is a dominant factor that upholds hegemonic masculinity within Australia’s civil–military relations and the realm of global warfare and international security. The exclusion of women from combat roles for over a century explains why Australia’s martial narratives and war images do not celebrate a feminised warrior archetype. This absence is a factor that replicates the way women are naturalised in passive roles that are subordinate to men in their nation’s collective consciousness.

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Mophuting, Mpho C. "Expanding the shield and facing the challenges : integration of women in Botswana Defense Force." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/1084.

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Approved for public release; distribution unlimited
Botswana remains one of the few countries in the world (and the only country in the South African Development Community (SADC)) where females are legally prohibited from joining the military. The political and social pressure in the 21st century has softened the opposition of many influential politicians and bureaucrats to calls for inclusionary statutes. This thesis examines the possibility of opening doors to women in the Botswana Defence Force (BDF). It examines the policies, programs and scope of the role of women in the US armed services, Canadian Forces (CF) and the South African National Defence Forces (SANDF). It identifies from these highlights the most effective approaches to recruiting, training, and retaining women in the BDF once the opportunity is availed. In particular, this thesis examines the Six critical policies of the US armed services and the CF, namely, sexual harassment, fraternization, employment of women, equal opportunity, pregnancy, and family care. This thesis considers the lessons from these for the BDF. Two critical cases of sexual harassment, (the 1991 Tailhook Navy and Marine Corps Convention and the 1996 US Army's Aberdeen Proving Ground incident), are highlighted in the study. The leading recommendations emphasize the need for the BDF to take the steps required to evoke a cultural change to affect the attitudes and perceptions of personnel and to examine how the SANDF administers its policies as they pertain to women.
Major, Botswana Defence Force

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Wahab, Mohd Iqbal bin Abdul. "The doctrine of excessive force in self-defence and the theory of the "battered woman syndrome" in the defence of self-defence in criminal law : a comparative study of English, Australian and Canadian criminal law." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/27585.

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This thesis aims to examine two issues related to the defence of self-defence in criminal law. Firstly, it is an investigation into the theory of excessive force in selfdefence. The essence of the theory is to have a person who excessively applies force in his defence to be convicted of manslaughter. The arguments in favour of the theory are compelling; however, in practice, the issue of excessive defence has always been a brain-teaser for judges. This thesis elaborates the controversies surrounding the application of the theory in the courts. The reason for its demise and arguments for its revival are discussed. Secondly, this work analyses the incorporation of the doctrine of the "battered woman syndrome" into the defence of self-defence. This doctrine has recently been introduced where, upon its acceptance by the court, an accused will be successful in pleading self-defence despite the fact that the traditional requirement of imminence has not been satisfied. There is discussion whether the doctrine has always been necessary for battered woman in claiming self-defence. This thesis focuses, in the main, on decided cases and, wherever necessary, a comparison is made of the two theories mentioned above in the law of self-defence in England, Australia and Canada.

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Книги з теми "Women and Defence Force"

Burton, Clare. Report of the gender integration audit of the New Zealand Defence Force. Wellington? N.Z: New Zealand Defence Force and New Zealand Human Rights Commission, 1998.

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Weekes, Jennifer. 25 years of women in the New Zealand armed forces. Wellington, N.Z: New Zealand Defence Force, 2002.

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Services, United States Defense Task Force on Sexual Assault in the Military. Report of the Defense Task Force on Sexual Assault in the Military Services. Alexandria, Va.]: Defense Task Force on Sexual Assault in the Military Services, 2009.

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Australia. Defence 2000: Our future defence force. [Canberra]: Defence Publishing Service, 2000.

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Bōeichō, Jieitai: Japan Defence Agency, Japan Defence Force. Tōkyō: Kaya Shobō, 1988.

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Bōeichō, Jieitai: Japan Defence Agency, Japan Defence Force. Tōkyō: Kaya Shobō, 1990.

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Australia. Parliament. Joint Committee on Foreign Affairs, Defence, and Trade. The Australian Defence Force reserves. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service, 1991.

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Making the Australian Defence Force. South Melbourne: Oxford University Press, 2001.

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Botswana. Botswana Defence Force: Chapter 21:05. Gaborone: Govt. Printer, 1987.

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Частини книг з теми "Women and Defence Force"

Lane, Andrea. "Women in the Canadian Armed Forces." In Canadian Defence Policy in Theory and Practice, 351–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-26403-1_20.

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Henk, Dan. "The Botswana Defence Force." In The Botswana Defense Force in the Struggle for an African Environment, 31–47. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230610446_3.

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Heier, Tormod. "Britain’s Joint Expeditionary Force: A Force of Friends?" In The United Kingdom’s Defence After Brexit, 189–214. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97169-8_8.

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Singh, Jaswant. "Defence Spending and Force Structure." In Defending India, 213–64. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-27191-7_4.

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Williams, Geoffrey Lee, and Alan Lee Williams. "Britain and the Third Force Syndrome." In The European Defence Initiative, 15–27. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-07825-7_2.

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Everts, Philip P. "The Software of Defence Conversion — a Paradigm Shift?" In Democracy and Military Force, 70–94. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230509863_5.

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Ostermann, Falk, Florian Böller, Flemming J. Christiansen, Fabrizio Coticchia, Daan Fonck, Anna Herranz-Surrallés, Juliet Kaarbo, et al. "Voting on the use of armed force *." In Research Methods in Defence Studies, 170–88. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York : Routledge, [2020]: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429198236-10.

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Allison, Roy. "Soviet Policy on Conventional Force Reductions." In Radical Reform in Soviet Defence Policy, 161–97. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-21722-9_7.

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Chan, Wendy. "Access to Provocation and Self defence." In Women, Murder and Justice, 108–49. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230596665_6.

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Kölbel, Max. "Literal Force: A Defence of Conventional Assertion." In New Waves in Philosophy of Language, 108–37. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230248588_7.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Women and Defence Force"

Rose, M. F., and D. Joyce. "Defence Youth STEM Outreach – Inspiring the Next Generation." In 14th International Naval Engineering Conference and Exhibition. IMarEST, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.24868/issn.2515-818x.2018.003.

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This paper focuses on the need to build a solid foundation of skills which the future maritime workforce can build on to provide the innovation and exploitation of new technologies that the Royal Navy requires. This need sits within the wider strategic context of the national engineering skills shortage, reflected recently in the EngineeringUK report: ‘The State of Engineering 2018.’ The report forecasts as a conservative estimate an average shortfall in engineering graduates (level 4+) of 22,000, with the impact of Brexit upon these figures yet to be determined (the UK relies on attracting talent from the EU and beyond to help meet current shortfalls). The situation regarding Level 3 – A levels, Highers, and Advanced apprenticeships reflects a similar shortfall. This issue is exacerbated by the fact that only 12% of engineering and technology employees in the UK are women; highlighting that access and availability, including gender diversity remains a challenge for this sector. It is against that backdrop, that the MOD, is collaborating across many areas; one specifically being on inspiring the next generation to undertake Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics(STEM) as subjects of choice initially, moving thereafter onto more informed careers awareness and ultimately onto career options. Such foundation building is manifest in Defence’s Youth STEM engagement strategy which is whole force by design, with several major developments to date following its launch in 2016, including the establishment of formal strategic partnerships with three national STEM outreach providers; notably: Primary Engineer; Tomorrows Engineer (replicated by Energy Skills Partnership in Scotland) and STEM Learning (replicated by SSERC in Scotland) each with niche capabilities. They sit alongside all four Services within Defence and key other government departments including the devolved administration in Scotland, in the form of an implementation group to take the strategy forward. The purpose is to inspire sufficient young people to study STEM subjects, to ensure that the appropriate national talent exists from which Defence can recruit its future technical people. Several initiatives are expanded upon with illustration of the benefits, ranging from impact in the classroom (both teacher and pupil) to Defence personnel as STEM ambassadors. The paper closes with the social mobility agenda and the potential thereof from Youth STEM outreach.

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Finn, Anthony, Greg Chalmers, and Adrian Pincombe. "Force level EW in the Australian Defence Force." In Aerospace/Defense Sensing, Simulation, and Controls, edited by Raja Suresh. SPIE, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.438309.

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Lama, Carlos E., and Joe E. Fagan. "Joint force protection advanced security system (JFPASS) "the future of force protection: integrate and automate"." In SPIE Europe Security + Defence, edited by Edward M. Carapezza. SPIE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.829443.

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Lapkova, Dora, Milan Adamek, and Zuzana Kominkova Oplatkova. "Analysis Of Direct Punch Force In Professional Defence." In 29th Conference on Modelling and Simulation. ECMS, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.7148/2015-0564.

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"Baselining the whole-of-force capability and capacity of the Australian Defence Force." In 23rd International Congress on Modelling and Simulation (MODSIM2019). Modelling and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36334/modsim.2019.b3.peacock.

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Maries, Alexandru, and Chandralekha Singh. "Exploring pedagogical content knowledge of physics instructors using the force concept inventory." In WOMEN IN PHYSICS: 6th IUPAP International Conference on Women in Physics. AIP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5110146.

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MECLEA, Mihai-Alin, Liviu GĂINĂ, and Mircea BOȘCOIANU. "THE PRACTICAL LIMITS OF DIGITALIZATION IN MILITARY AIR DEFENCE." In SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND EDUCATION IN THE AIR FORCE. Publishing House of "Henri Coanda" Air Force Academy, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19062/2247-3173.2022.23.13.

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Digitalization involves a collective technological progress and a transformation process. Digitalization in the military environment has acquired new perspectives. The level of digitalization of different armies across Europe is not very well known but can be intuited. New current concepts such as AI - artificial intelligence, Internet of Things - IoT, blockchain, big data, Machine learning, augmented reality, virtual reality, extended reality, mixed reality, quantum computing, will be included in the existing military ones (e.g., C4I2SR). Even if the technological advance has increased in the military, the limits of digitalization are referring to the human factor. Reaching the limits of digitalization in the sphere of air defense forces us to design a non- digital backup plan.

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Cook, Stephen C., and Jaci M. Pratt. "Towards designing innovative SoSE approaches for the Australian defence force." In 2014 9th International Conference on System of Systems Engineering (SOSE). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sysose.2014.6892504.

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"Consideration of enabling and enterprise functions within Defence force design." In 24th International Congress on Modelling and Simulation. Modelling and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36334/modsim.2021.m8.boyce.

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BICZYK, Adam. "THE CONTEMPORARY NATURE AND FUTURE OF TERRITORIAL DEFENCE BASED ON AN ANALYSIS OF THE CURRENT CONFLICT IN UKRAINE." In SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND EDUCATION IN THE AIR FORCE. Publishing House of "Henri Coanda" Air Force Academy, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19062/2247-3173.2022.23.6.

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Throughout human history, the aspect of territorial defence has changed. With the current conflict, in which one country invades another, it is possible to see certain factors in territorial defence that play a key role in carrying out effective defence actions. Due to the changes that conflicts bring, it is also possible to deduce which factors will play a central role in territorial defence in the future. The aim of this paper is to analyse and identify both contemporary and future possibilities for the development of territorial defence. The main research problem of the paper is: What elements will play a key role during territorial defence? For the realization of such an aim and providing answers to research problems, methods of analysis of the current conflict in Ukraine were applied, especially the means used by the Ukrainian side/

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Звіти організацій з теми "Women and Defence Force"

Wing, Ian. The Australian Defence Force: Broadened Concepts of Security Operations. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada386066.

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Rangobana, Samuel A., and Hussain K. Alkebaisi. Was It Really Worth Pain? Refurbishment of Mercedes-Benz Trucks by Botswana Defence Force. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada443274.

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DEFENSE SCIENCE BOARD WASHINGTON DC. Joint U.S. Defense Science Board, UK Defence Scientific Advisory Council Task Force on Defense Critical Technologies. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada446196.

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Bray, Robert. Health Status of Military Women in the Total Force. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada400236.

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Bray, Robert M. Health Status of Military Women in the Total Force. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada336849.

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Rigotti, Marie Y. Mentoring of Women in the United States Air Force. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada387927.

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Tencza, Joseph J., and Jr. Women in the Air Force: Should the Numbers Continue to Increase? Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada177632.

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Bray, Robert M. Health Status of Military Women and Men in the Total Force. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada361551.

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Bray, Robert M. Health Status of Military Women and Men in the Total Force. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada383037.

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Beck, Francois. Women in Military Aircrews: Possible Outlooks for the French Air Force. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada217373.

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