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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Wind-pressure Measurement"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022

Оновлено: 29 січня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Wind-pressure Measurement"

1

Liang, Shu Guo, Xiao Hui Peng, and Lei Wang. "Comparative Study between Field Measurement and Wind Tunnel Test of Wind Pressure on Wuhan International Stock Building." Applied Mechanics and Materials 590 (June 2014): 341–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.590.341.

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Field measurement and wind tunnel test of wind pressure on the surfaces of Wuhan International Stock Building were carried out in this paper, and the mean wind pressure coefficients, RMS wind pressure coefficients, wind pressure spectra as well as coherence functions were discussed. Meanwhile wind pressure distributions were analyzed. The results demonstrated that the distribution of the surface mean wind pressure coefficients obtained by wind tunnel test approximately agreed with that by field measurement, especially the mean wind pressure coefficients on the windward obtained by the wind tunnel test fitted those obtained by the field measurement well, while the RMS wind pressure coefficients of the wind tunnel results are smaller than those of field measurement, and the RMS wind pressure coefficients of some measure points of field measurement fluctuated greatly.

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2

Kolbe, Sven, Manuel Mohr, Martin Maier, Laurin Osterholt, Barry Gardiner, and Dirk Schindler. "On the Potential of Using Air Pressure Fluctuations to Estimate Wind-Induced Tree Motion in a Planted Scots Pine Forest." Forests 13, no. 2 (February 2, 2022): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13020225.

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This paper reports statistical relationships between measured airflow, air pressure fluctuations, and the wind-induced motion of planted Scots pine trees (Pinus sylvestris L.). The results presented illustrate the potential of low-cost, ground-based air pressure measurements for monitoring wind-induced tree response. It is suggested that air pressure fluctuations can be used as surrogate information for above-canopy airflow, often used to estimate wind loads on forest trees. We demonstrate that air pressure fluctuations can be measured representatively at the forest floor and correlate very well with wind speed and direction at mean canopy-top (18 m a.g.l.) and above the 18 m high, 56-year-old forest. Their strong correlation (coefficient of determination R2 > 0.77) allows a good approximation of airflow conditions above the canopy, and, with some limitations, in the below-canopy space. Air pressure fluctuations also correlate very well with wind-induced tree motion with a similar correlation to that between wind speed and tree motion. Furthermore, the main directions of wind-induced tree motion agree very well with the propagation direction of air pressure waves. Above-canopy airflow measurements in forests with a large vertical extent are rare, and often require tall wind measurement towers. Therefore, we consider the estimation of airflow conditions over forests using ground-based air pressure measurements a promising option for monitoring the airflow conditions of relevance for predicting wind-induced tree response over large areas using a minimum of measurement infrastructure.

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3

DRAKE, STEPHEN A., HENDRIK HUWALD, MARC B. PARLANGE, JOHN S. SELKER, ANNE W. NOLIN, and CHAD W. HIGGINS. "Attenuation of wind-induced pressure perturbations in alpine snow." Journal of Glaciology 62, no. 234 (May 2, 2016): 674–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jog.2016.53.

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ABSTRACTWindpumping has been identified as a process that could potentially enhance sublimation of surface snow at high forcing frequency and spawn air movement deeper in firn at lower frequencies. We performed an experiment to examine the relationship between high-frequency wind and pressure measurements within the top meter of an alpine snowpack and compared experimental results with two theoretical predictions. We find that both theoretical predictions underestimate high-frequency perturbation pressure attenuation with depth in the near-surface snowpack and the discrepancy between theory and measurement increases with perturbation pressure frequency. The impact of this result for near-surface snow is that potential enhanced sublimation will occur over a shallower snow depth than these two theories predict. Correspondingly, interstitial air mixing at depth in firn will be driven by lower frequencies than these two theories predict. While direct measurement of these energy-rich lower frequencies is beyond the scope of this paper, stationary pressure measurements validate the presence of a pressure field that could drive near-surface circulation.

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4

Hnidka, Jakub, and Dalibor Rozehnal. "Pressure field in measurement section of wind tunnel." MATEC Web of Conferences 107 (2017): 00075. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201710700075.

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5

Philpott, D. R. "Pressure measurement in a blow-down wind tunnel." Measurement 3, no. 3 (July 1985): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0263-2241(85)90015-6.

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6

Franek, Michal, Lenka Konecna, Oľga Hubová, and Juraj Žilinský. "Experimental Pressure Measurement on Elliptic Cylinder." Applied Mechanics and Materials 820 (January 2016): 332–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.820.332.

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This paper deals with pressure measurement on the surface of the elliptic cylinder. Aerodynamic properties are not same for different shape of the building. Therefore it is important complex experimental measurement for complicated shape. Aim of the article is to understanding the wind loads on building for various arrangements. Results are external pressure coefficients of elliptic model for various rotations. Conclusion of the experiment is to find optimal and critical wind direction for isolated building. This research will be background for future work of interference effect.

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7

Liu, Jun, Yuan Quan Yang, Yan Lei Sun, and Bin He. "Simulation Study on the Wind Pressure of Village Flat Roof with Parapet Based on Different Wind Angles." Applied Mechanics and Materials 638-640 (September 2014): 228–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.638-640.228.

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The main research methods to predict and research wind loads on buildings at home and abroad include wind tunnel tests, field measurement and numerical simulation. However, the wind tunnel tests and field measurement require big funds, long cycle and complicated measurement. Moreover, numerical simulation technology is quite mature. In this paper, based on fluid dynamics software CFD and criteria Reynolds k-ε turbulence model, wind field of the village flat roof with parapet is studied using the numerical simulation technology. Furthermore, the wind pressure data in different wind angles are processed and analyzed. The results show that wind angle has a significant impact on the wind pressure and its distribution. When the wind angle is 0 °, the air pressure-fluctuation in each node of the roof is small, and the pressure coefficient is steady between -1.50 and -2.00. When the wind angle is 45 °, the air pressure fluctuation in each node of the roof is large, and the pressure coefficient fluctuates between -0.8 and -3.0. When the wind angle is 90 °, the wind pressure-fluctuation in each node of the roof is equal to the fluctuation between 0 ° and 45 °wind direction angle, and the wind pressure coefficient fluctuates between -0.7 and -1.7. When incoming flow is along the asymmetric axis, the wind pressure-fluctuation is large, and the wind pressure is greater than that in the large negative pressure zone which is along the symmetry axis, which can bring serious damage on the roof.

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8

Zu, Gongbo, and Kit Ming Lam. "Simultaneous measurement of wind velocity field and wind forces on a square tall building." Advances in Structural Engineering 21, no. 15 (May 7, 2018): 2241–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433218770822.

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Vortex shedding from a tall building is known to be responsible for the quasi-periodic across-wind force exerted on the building. This article unveils the exact relationship between the vortex shedding pattern and the fluctuating across-wind force. Simultaneous particle-image velocimetry and pressure measurements are carried out on a square-plan tall building model in the wind tunnel toward an understanding of the velocity–pressure–force relation for across-wind force generation on the building. A collection of instantaneous wind flow patterns and synchronized wind pressure distributions suggests the existence of full periods of vortex shedding from the building. The results are further analyzed using the conditional sampling method by which the roles of development and shedding of large-scale vortices in the building wake on the generation of peak across-wind forces are evidently found. Furthermore, quasi-periodicity of across-wind excitation is clearly confirmed with Hilbert transform of the across-wind force signal. The phase averaging technique is applied to the particle-image velocimetry flow fields and distinct vortex shedding patterns from the building are observed for most of the measurement time, together with an evident phase relationship with the across-wind forces.

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9

Zhu, Guangxia, Xin Liu, Lulu Liu, and Shengli Li. "Effect of Natural Wind on the Transiting Test for Measuring the Aerodynamic Coefficients of Structures." Symmetry 13, no. 8 (August 14, 2021): 1493. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13081493.

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The aerodynamic coefficients transiting test is a new method for measuring the structural aerodynamic coefficients using the wind generated by a moving vehicle. However, the effect and correction of natural wind on the transiting test has not been studied. Hence, in this study, the investigation of the aerodynamic force and pressure measurements on a special triangular prism model is simulated through the transiting test under different natural wind conditions for 30° and 90° angles of wind incidence. Force and pressure measurement results in the transiting test are used to describe and explain the effect of natural wind in the range of 0–3.0 m/s on the aerodynamic coefficients of the symmetric triangular prism qualitatively and quantitatively. The results show that the driving wind field of the vehicle, aerodynamic force coefficient, and aerodynamic pressure coefficient are significantly influenced by strong natural wind greater than 1.71 m/s, which must be considered and so it is recommended that the structure aerodynamic coefficients transiting test should be conducted under the condition that the natural wind is less than 1.71 m/s. In addition, the method of two-direction round-trip measurement is proposed to modify the effect of natural wind on transiting tests.

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10

Bai, Wen Lei, Byun Gik Chang, Gerald Chen, Ken Starcher, David Carr, and Roy Issa. "Small Wind Turbine Power Performance Testing with Uncertainty Analysis." Advanced Materials Research 875-877 (February 2014): 1944–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.875-877.1944.

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Wind turbine power performance testing consists of power, temperature, air pressure and wind speed measurements collected for this study during which measuring uncertainties are involved. Due to the measurement uncertainties, the results of power performance testing are affected; therefore, it is necessary to consider the measurement uncertainties for evaluating the accuracy of turbine testing. For this purpose of this study, uncertainty analysis for one 5kW wind turbine power performance testing was conducted. The results of uncertainty analysis indicated that the uncertainty negatively affected the validity of conclusions drawn from power performance testing, and the uncertainty sources are various in different wind speed bins.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Wind-pressure Measurement"

1

Oram, C. E. "Aerodynamic surface pressure measurement in atmosphere and wind tunnel on a vertical axis wind turbine blade using pressure transducers." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.375937.

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2

Bysice, Jason. "In-Situ Measurement of Wind Loads for Roof Edge Metal Configurations." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/33002.

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The role of a roof on any building is to separate the interior environment of the building from the exterior environment, thereby making it a crucial component of the building design. Metal roof edges are the first line of defense against wind-induced loads on the roof system; however, data on the nature of these loads acting on the roof edge system is scarce. Previous studies with field measurements of wind pressure acting on the roof edge reported that metal flashings experienced negative pressure. These findings suggest that current building codes in North America (i.e. NBCC and ASCE codes) do not accurately identify wind design loads acting on roof edge systems. The Roof Edge Systems and Technologies (REST) project is a consortium of academia, government and roof industries, which was created to develop testing protocols and design guidelines for roof edges. The work presented in this thesis contributes to the collection and analysis of wind loads acting on metal roof edges, which were installed on the Canada Post building in Vancouver, Canada. The thesis presents the findings and analysis of the measured wind-induced pressure acting on all surfaces of three different edge configurations, namely the Anchor Clip Configuration (ACC), Continuous Cleat Configuration (CCC) and Discontinuous Cleat Configuration (DCC). The analysis showed the presence of negative pressure acting on all three faces of the configurations, in which the type of configuration had minimum effect on the magnitude and nature of the wind-induced loads. Furthermore, the top face of the edge configurations was found to experience the highest suction, and the front face of the edge coping was subjected to a net outward suction force due to the combination of the suction experienced by the coping front face and the positive pressure acting on the cleat. Comparison of these results with current NBCC and ASCE building codes highlight a need to update these codes in order to adequately design metal roof edges against wind action.

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3

Samad-Suhaeb, Mujahid. "Aerodynamics of battle damaged finite aspect ratio wings." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2005. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/10736.

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When an aircraft is aerodynamically or structurally damaged in battle, it may not able to complete the mission and the damage may cause its loss. The subject of aircraft battle survivability is one of critical concern to many disciplines, whether military or civil. This thesis considered and focused on Computational Fluid Dynamics [CFD] predictions and experimental investigations into the effects of simulated battle damage on the low-speed aerodynamics of a fmite aspect ratio wing. Results showed that in two-dimensional [2d] and three-dimensional [3D] CFD simulations, Fluent's® models work reasonably well in predicting jets flow structures, pressure distributions, and pressure-coefficient Cp's contours but not for aerodynamic coefficients. The consequences were therefore that CFD prediction was poor on aerodynamic-coefficients increments. The prediction of Cp's achieved good agreement upstream and near the damage hole, but showed poor agreement at downstream of the hole. For the flow structure visualisation, at both weak and strong jet incidences, the solver always predicted pressure-distribution-coefficient lower at upstream and higher at downstream. The results showed relatively good agreement for the case of transitional and strong jet incidences but slightly poor for weak jet incidences. From the experimental results of Finite Wing, the increments for Aspect-ratio, AR6, AR8 and ARIO showed that as damage moves out towards the tip, aerodynamic-coefficients increments i.e. lift-loss and drag-rise decreased, and pitching-moment-coefficient increment indicated a more positive value at all incidence ranges and at all aspect ratios. Increasing the incidence resulted in greater magnitudes of lift-loss and drag-rise for all damage locations and aspect ratios. At the weak jet incidence 4° for AR8 and in all of the three damage locations, the main characteristics of the weak-jet were illustrated clearly. The increments were relatively small. Whilst at 8°, the flow structure was characterised as transitional to stronger-jet. In Finite Wing tests and for all damage locations, there was always a flow structure asymmetry. This was believed to be due to gravity, surface imperfection, and or genuine feature. An 'early strong jet' that indicated in Finite Wing-AR8 at 'transitional' incidence of 8°, also indicated in twodimensional results but at the weak-jet incidence of 4°. For the application of 2d data to AR6, AR8, and ARIO, an assessment of 2d force results led to the analysis that the tests in the AAE's Low Turbulence Tunnel for 2d were under-predicting the damage effects at low incidence, and over-predicting at high incidences. This suggested therefore that Irwin's 2d results could not be used immediately to predict three-dimensional.

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4

Campbell, Shawn. "Full-scale measurements of wind-induced building motion /." View abstract or full-text, 2005. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?CIVL%202005%20CAMPBE.

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5

Aouachria, Zéroual. "L'Eolienne Savonius : comportements mécanique et aérodynamique." Aix-Marseille 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987AIX11062.

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Methode experimentale de mesure des pressions parietales d'un rotor, a axe vertical, de type savonius en rotation. Les resultats obtenus ont ete utilises dans un modele de calcul afin de determiner les parametres mecaniques c::(m)et c::(p) de la machine. Determination des coefficients de trainee et de portance ainsi que du comportement vibratoire du rotor sous l'effet des forces aerodynamiques. Correlation du champ des pressions d'aube avec le systeme des emissions tourbillonnaires engendrees par l'eolienne en rotation. Etude de dispositifs de suspension de type "pilotis" destines a isoler, en vibration, un rotor savonius tripale

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6

Beaudet, Laurent. "Étude expérimentale et numérique du décrochage dynamique sur une éolienne à axe vertical de forte solidité." Thesis, Poitiers, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014POIT2271/document.

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L'éolienne Darrieus connaît un intérêt accru ces dernières années parce qu'elle représente une solution alternative potentielle de production d'électricité dans les milieux urbains. En particulier,une éolienne de forte solidité peut être choisie car certaines de ses propriétés peuvent être avantageuses pour son implantation proche de zones habitées. A l'inverse, certaines difficultés aérodynamiques émergent. Ce type d'éolienne fonctionne à de faibles vitesses réduites pour lesquelles le décrochage dynamique a un rôle très significatif. L'objectif de ce travail de thèse consiste à compléter la connaissance du phénomène de décrochage dynamique sur une éolienne à axe vertical afin d'améliorer les modèles numériques de prédiction existants. Cette étude s'appuie sur une analyse combinée de résultats numériques et expérimentaux. Les simulations numériques sont produites avec une méthode des panneaux bidimensionnelle instationnaire. Les effets de la viscosité sont introduits par des corrections utilisant notamment un modèle semi-empirique de décrochage dynamique. Le travail expérimental s'est concentrée sur la dynamique tourbillonnaire à proximité immédiate du rotor résultante du décrochage dynamique. Le montage se compose d'une éolienne à pale droite placée dans une soufflerie. Des mesures instationnaires de la répartition de pression pariétale le long de la corde et des mesures de champ de vitesse par vélocimétrie par images de particules ont été accomplies. Les résultats révèlent la manière dont les caractéristiques du décrochage dynamique sont conditionnées par la vitesse réduite. Le retard au décrochage, l'intensité de l'effet du tourbillon de décrochage dynamique et sa convection ont été quantifiés. Enfin, un examen critique de l'applicabilité du modèle de Leishman-Beddoes pour simuler efficacement les effets du décrochage dynamique a été réalisé
The Darrieus wind turbine has entered a period of renewed interest over the last years because it may stand for an alternative solution to produce electricity in urban areas. In particular, high solidity wind turbine can be chosen to take benefit from some of its key properties for use near populated city areas. Conversely, some aerodynamic problems arise. This type of wind turbine operates at low tip speed ratio for which dynamic stall has a very significant role. The goal of this work is to provide valuable data to complement the knowledge of the dynamic stall phenomenon that occurs on a vertical axis wind turbine in order to improve existing numerical models. This study relies on a combined analysis of numerical and experimental results. The numerical simulations are based on a bidimensional unsteady vortex panel method. Effects of viscosity are introduced by adding corrections computed with a semi-empirical dynamic stall model. The experimental work focuses on the dynamics of the shed vortices existing in the vicinity of the rotor as a result of dynamic stall. The set-up consists of a straight-bladed wind turbine tested in a wind tunnel. Unsteady pressure distribution measurements along the chord and velocity fields measurements by particle image velocimetry were carried out. Results indicate how the characteristics of dynamic stall are conditioned by the tip speed ratio. Stall inception delay, magnitude of the dynamic stall vortex effects and its convection velocity were evaluated. Blade/Vortex interaction was analyzed through the observation of the vortical system downstream of the rotor. In addition, a critical review of the suitability of the Leishman-Beddoes model to effectively simulate the effects of dynamic stall was accomplished

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7

Lyu, Zhipeng. "Aerodynamic Wind Tunnel in Passenger Car Application." Thesis, KTH, Mekanik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-203971.

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The thesis aims to provide an evaluation on the Volvo 1/5th scaled wind tunnel regarding its potentials and capabilities in aerodynamic study. The flow quality in the test section was evaluated. The experiments were performed included measurements of airspeed stability, tunnel-wall boundary layer profile and horizontal buoyancy. A numerical model was developed to predict the boundary layer thickness on the test floor. Repeatability tests were also conducted to establish the appropriate operating regime.A correlation study between the 1/5th scaled wind tunnel (MWT) and full scale wind tunnel (PVT) was performed using steady force and unsteady pressure measurements. The Volvo Aero 2020 concept car was selected to be the test model.The Reynolds effect and the tunnel-wall boundary layer interference were identified in the steady force measurements. Unsteady near-wake phenomena such as wake pumping and wake flapping were discussed in the unsteady base pressure measurements.

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8

Villafañe, Roca Laura. "Experimental Aerothermal Performance of Turbofan Bypass Flow Heat Exchangers." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/34774.

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The path to future aero-engines with more efficient engine architectures requires advanced thermal management technologies to handle the demand of refrigeration and lubrication. Oil systems, holding a double function as lubricant and coolant circuits, require supplemental cooling sources to the conventional fuel based cooling systems as the current oil thermal capacity becomes saturated with future engine developments. The present research focuses on air/oil coolers, which geometrical characteristics and location are designed to minimize aerodynamic effects while maximizing the thermal exchange. The heat exchangers composed of parallel fins are integrated at the inner wall of the secondary duct of a turbofan. The analysis of the interaction between the three-dimensional high velocity bypass flow and the heat exchangers is essential to evaluate and optimize the aero-thermodynamic performances, and to provide data for engine modeling. The objectives of this research are the development of engine testing methods alternative to flight testing, and the characterization of the aerothermal behavior of different finned heat exchanger configurations. A new blow-down wind tunnel test facility was specifically designed to replicate the engine bypass flow in the region of the splitter. The annular sector type test section consists on a complex 3D geometry, as a result of three dimensional numerical flow simulations. The flow evolves over the splitter duplicated at real scale, guided by helicoidally shaped lateral walls. The development of measurement techniques for the present application involved the design of instrumentation, testing procedures and data reduction methods. Detailed studies were focused on multi-hole and fine wire thermocouple probes. Two types of test campaigns were performed dedicated to: flow measurements along the test section for different test configurations, i.e. in the absence of heat exchangers and in the presence of different heat exchanger geometries, and heat transfer measurements on the heat exchanger. As a result contours of flow velocity, angular distributions, total and static pressures, temperatures and turbulence intensities, at different bypass duct axial positions, as well as wall pressures along the test section, were obtained. The analysis of the flow development along the test section allowed the understanding of the different flow behaviors for each test configuration. Comparison of flow variables at each measurement plane permitted quantifying and contrasting the different flow disturbances. Detailed analyses of the flow downstream of the heat exchangers were assessed to characterize the flow in the fins¿ wake region. The aerodynamic performance of each heat exchanger configuration was evaluated in terms of non dimensional pressure losses. Fins convective heat transfer characteristics were derived from the infrared fin surface temperature measurements through a new methodology based on inverse heat transfer methods coupled with conductive heat flux models. The experimental characterization permitted to evaluate the cooling capacity of the investigated type of heat exchangers for the design operational conditions. Finally, the thermal efficiency of the heat exchanger at different points of the flight envelope during a typical commercial mission was estimated by extrapolating the convective properties of the flow to flight conditions.
Villafañe Roca, L. (2013). Experimental Aerothermal Performance of Turbofan Bypass Flow Heat Exchangers [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/34774
TESIS

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9

Wang, Chien-Yu, and 王健宇. "Image Processing and Temperature Correction of Pressure-Sensitive Paint for Airofoil Surface Pressure Measurement in Low Speed Wind Tunnel." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/9n7ca7.

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10

Chen, Szu-Han, and 陳思翰. "Non-Contact Measurement of the Displacement of Flexible Structure and the Back Calculation of the Surface Wind Pressure." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/70031851780337928520.

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碩士
國立中央大學
土木工程學系
101
Due to the construction technology development in recent years, high-rise buildings use light weight and high strength materials which causes the structure to be particularly sensitive to the wind-induced vibration effects. Therefore, it is necessary to often conduct wind tunnel experiments to evaluate the wind effect on the design of high-rise building. In this thesis, the dynamic deflection responses of a flexible structure under wind actions in two different flow conditions of wind tunnel experiment were measured through a non-contact imaging analysis. The dynamic strain data were measured by strain gauges deployed at various sections at the same time. The beam theory and assumed wind pressure pattern were used to predict the average deflection and strain responses of the structure by wind action and then were compared with experimental measurements. The results show that both the predicted structural responses under the low or high turbulent wind fields will match the measured structural deformation trajectory. Besides, dynamic Bernoulli-Euler beam equation and the strain data were used to back calculate the coefficients of the assumed pressure function. The predicted deflection responses compared with experimental measurements are very consistent. This result can be used as the basis for the actual structural dynamic analysis for wind engineering. The experimental results can also be provided to verify the accuracy of wind-structure analysis software.

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Книги з теми "Wind-pressure Measurement"

1

1961-, Streluk Angella, ed. Wind and air pressure. Oxford: Heinemann Library, 2008.

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2

Angella, Streluk, ed. Wind and air pressure. Oxford: Heinemann Library, 2003.

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3

Moshasrov, V. Luminescent pressure sensors in aerodynamic experiments. Zhukovsky, Russia : Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute (TsAGI): CWA 22 Corporation, 1998.

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4

Smith, Stewart Ellis. An instrument for measuring turbulence during wind erosion. Perth, W.A: Division of Environmental Science, Murdoch University, 1994.

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5

Plentovich, Elizabeth B. Orifice-induced pressure error studies in Langley 7- by 10-foot High-Speed Tunnel. Washington: NASA, 1986.

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6

Mineck, Raymond E. Steady and periodic pressure measurements on a generic helicopter fuselage model in the presence of a rotor. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 2000.

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7

Cowperthwaite, N. A. Full scale and wind tunnel surface pressure measurements on the T.R.R.L. spray dispersion programme vehicles. Cranfield, U.K: College of Aeronautics, Cranfield Institute of Technology, 1987.

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8

Chapman, John J. A hybrid electronically scanned pressure module for cryogenic environments. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1995.

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Chapman, John J. A hybrid electronically scanned pressure module for cryogenic environments. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1995.

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10

Mineck, Raymond E. Application of an unstructured grid Navier-Stokes solver to a generic helicopter body: Comparison of unstructured grid results with structured grid results and experimental results. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1999.

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Частини книг з теми "Wind-pressure Measurement"

1

Gu, X. J., J. Coll, D. Lye, F. A. Ellis, V. D. Nguyen, and J. Bureau. "An Optical Pressure Measurement System for Wind Tunnel Testing." In Applications of Photonic Technology, 271–74. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9247-8_51.

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2

Kirmse, C., B. Sammler, and H. E. Fiedler. "Unsteady Measurement of Static Pressure, Velocity and Temperature in the Vicinity of the Nozzle in a Vacuum—Wind—Tunnel." In Fluid Mechanics and Its Applications, 265–68. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5474-1_33.

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3

Bolgar, Istvan, Sven Scharnowski, and Christian J. Kähler. "Effects of a Launcher’s External Flow on a Dual-Bell Nozzle Flow." In Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics and Multidisciplinary Design, 115–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53847-7_7.

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Abstract Previous research on Dual-Bell nozzle flow always neglected the influence of the outer flow on the nozzle flow and its transition from sea level to altitude mode. Therefore, experimental measurements on a Dual-Bell nozzle with trans- and supersonic external flows about a launcher-like forebody were carried out in the Trisonic Wind Tunnel Munich with particle image velocimetry, static pressure measurements and the schlieren technique. A strongly correlated interaction exists between a transonic external flow with the nozzle flow in its sea level mode. At supersonic external flow conditions, a Prandtl–Meyer expansion about the nozzle’s lip decreases the pressure in the vicinity of the nozzle exit by about 55%. Therefore a new definition for the important design criterion of the nozzle pressure ratio was suggested, which considers this drastic pressure drop. Experiments during transitioning of the nozzle from sea level to altitude mode show that an interaction about the nozzle’s lip causes an inherently unstable nozzle state at supersonic free-stream conditions. This instability causes the nozzle to transition and retransition, or flip-flop, between its two modes. This instability can be eliminated by designing a Dual-Bell nozzle to transition during sub-/transonic external flow conditions.

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4

Cheli, F., L. Mariano, D. Rocchi, P. Schito, and G. Tomasini. "Evaluation of the Cross Wind Velocity Through Pressure Measurements on Train Surface." In The Aerodynamics of Heavy Vehicles III, 143–58. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20122-1_9.

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5

Yamada, Y., T. Miyazaki, M. Nakagawa, S. Tsuda, and H. Sakaue. "Global Pressure- and Temperature-Measurements in 1.27-m JAXA Hypersonic Wind Tunnel." In 29th International Symposium on Shock Waves 1, 545–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16835-7_86.

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6

Brock, Fred V., and Scott J. Richardson. "Barometry." In Meteorological Measurement Systems. Oxford University Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195134513.003.0004.

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The objective of barometry is to measure the static pressure exerted by the atmosphere. Static pressure is the force per unit area that would be exerted against any surface in the absence of air motion. It is an isotropic, scalar quantity. Dynamic pressure is the force per unit area due to air motion. It is a vector quantity, following the wind vector. This chapter is concerned with determining the static air pressure and doing so in the presence of air motion (wind) that requires special measurement techniques. The Earth’s atmosphere exerts a pressure on the surface of the Earth equal to the weight of a vertical column of air of unit cross-section. Since air is a fluid, this pressure, or force, is exerted equally in all directions. The static pressure at the surface is given by where g(z) = acceleration due to gravity at height z above sea level in ms-2, and ρ = density as a function of height, kg-3. The SI unit of pressure is the pascal, abbreviated as Pa. In meteorology, the preferred unit of pressure is the mb or the hPa (equivalent magnitude). Table 2-1 lists some conversion factors for units currently in use in pressure measurement and also for some units no longer favored. Standard sea level pressure in various units is shown in table 2-2. The last line of table 2-2 refers to the units of Ibf in-2,also called psi (pounds per square inch). Pressure measurements are often called absolute (psia), gauge (psig), or differential (psid). Absolute pressure is simply the total static pressure exerted by the gas (or fluid) and so the barometric pressure is also the absolute pressure. Gauge pressure is the pressure relative to ambient atmospheric pressure. Pressure in an automobile tire is measured relative to atmospheric pressure so it is gauge pressure, not absolute pressure. Differential pressure is the pressure relative to some other pressure. Gauge pressure is a special case of differential pressure. In addition to the static pressure there is a dynamic pressure exerted by wind flow.

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7

Brock, Fred V., and Scott J. Richardson. "Upper Air Measurements." In Meteorological Measurement Systems. Oxford University Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195134513.003.0014.

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Measurements of atmospheric properties become progressively more difficult with altitude above the surface of the earth, and even surface measurements are difficult over the oceans. First balloons, then airplanes and rockets, were used to carry instruments aloft to make in-situ measurements. Now remote sensors, both ground-based and satellite-borne, are used to monitor the atmosphere. In this context, upper air means all of the troposphere above the first hundred meters or so and, in some cases, the stratosphere. There are many uncertainties associated with remote sensing, so there is a demand for in-situ sensors to verify remote measurements. In addition, the balloon- borne instrument package is relatively inexpensive. However, it should be noted that cost is a matter of perspective; a satellite with its instrumentation, ground station, etc. may be cost-effective when the mission is to make measurements all over the world with good space and time resolution, as synoptic meteorology demands. Upper air measurements of pressure, temperature, water vapor, and winds can be made using in-situ instrument packages (carried aloft by balloons, rockets, or airplanes) and by remote sensors. Remote sensors can be classified as active (energy emitters like radar or lidar) or passive (receiving only, like microwave radiometers), and by whether they “look” up from the ground or down from a satellite. Remote sensors are surveyed briefly before discussing in-situ instruments. Profiles of temperature, humidity, density, etc. can be estimated from satellites using multiple narrow-band radiometers. These are passive sensors that measure longwave radiation upwelling from the atmosphere. For example, temperature profiles can be estimated from satellites by measuring infrared radiation emitted by CO2 (bands around 5000 μm) and O2 (bands around 3.4μm and 15μm) in the atmosphere. Winds can be estimated from cloud movements or by using the Doppler frequency shift due to some component of the atmosphere being carried along with the wind. An active sensor (radar) is used to estimate precipitation and, if it is a Doppler radar, determine winds. The great advantage of satellite-borne instruments is that they can cover the whole earth with excellent spatial resolution.

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8

Bakker, Huub, Mariana Alves-Pereira, Richard Mann, Rachel Summers, and Philip Dickinson. "Infrasound Exposure: High-Resolution Measurements Near Wind Power Plants." In The Acoustics of Materials - New Approaches [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.109047.

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This chapter focuses on infrasonic (≤20 Hz) noise exposure as captured in and around homes located in the vicinity of wind power plants. Despite persistent noise complaints by local residents, no satisfactory acoustical event has yet been identified to justify this troublesome (worldwide) situation. Continuous (days), high-resolution recordings—spectral segmentation of 1/36 of an octave and 1-second temporal increments—have been acquired in many homes across the world revealing the presence of wind turbine acoustic signatures. These consist of trains of airborne pressure pulses, identified in the frequency domain as harmonic series with the fundamental frequency equal to that of the blade-pass frequency of the wind turbine. This report documents three such cases (Portugal and Scotland). The highest peaks of the wind turbine acoustic signature (up to 25 dB over background noise) occurred within the 0.5–5 Hz window which is classically defined as below the human hearing threshold; and yet these ‘inaudible’ phenomena appear to trigger severe biological reactions. Based on the prominence of the peaks in the harmonic series, a new measure is proposed for use in determining dose–response relationships for infrasonic exposures. This new methodology may be applicable to infrasonic exposures in both environmental and occupational settings.

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9

Whiteman, C. David. "Atmospheric Scales of Motion and Atmospheric Composition." In Mountain Meteorology. Oxford University Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195132717.003.0010.

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Weather phenomena occur over a very broad range of scales of space and time, from the global circulation systems that extend around the earth’s circumference to the small eddies that cause cigarette smoke to swirl and mix with clear air. Each circulation can be described in terms of its approximate horizontal diameter and lifetime. Large-scale weather systems, such as hemispheric wave patterns called Rossby waves, monsoons, high and low pressure centers, and fronts, are called synopticscale weather systems. Temperature, humidity, pressure, and wind measurements collected simultaneously all over the world are used to analyze and forecast the evolution of these systems, which have diameters greater than 200 km (125 mi) and lifetimes of days to months. Mesoscale weather events include diurnal wind systems such as mountain wind systems, like breezes, sea breezes, thunderstorms, and other phenomena with horizontal scales that range from 2 to 200 km (1 to 125 mi) and lifetimes that range from hours to days. Mesoscale meteorologists use networks of surface- based instruments, balloon-borne sounding systems, remote sensing systems (e.g., radar, lidar, and sodar), and aircraft to make observations on these scales. Microscale meteorology focuses on local or small-scale atmospheric phenomena with diameters below 2 km (1 mi) and lifetimes from seconds to hours, including gusts and turbulence, dust devils, thermals, and certain cloud types. Microscale studies are usually confined to the layer of air from the earth’s surface to an altitude where surface effects become negligible (approximately 1000 feet or 300 m at night and 5000 feet or 1500 m during the day). A fourth and less rigorously defined term, the regional scale, denotes circulations and weather events occurring on horizontal scales from 500 to 5000 km (310 to 3100 mi). The regional scale is thus smaller than synoptic scale, but larger than mesoscale. The term is often used to describe events that occur within more or less homogeneous physiographic provinces (e.g., the Pacific Northwest region). Major mountain ranges impact the weather on the synoptic scale. They anchor large-scale pressure systems in the Northern Hemisphere, cause low and high pressure weather systems to form, and produce large-scale seasonal wind systems in Asia and North America.

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10

Pérez-de-Tejada, Hector, and Rickard Lundin. "Vortex Dynamics in the Wake of Planetary Ionospheres." In Vortex Dynamics - From Physical to Mathematical Aspects [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.101352.

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Measurements conducted with spacecraft around Venus and Mars have shown the presence of vortex structures in their plasma wake. Such features extend across distances of the order of a planetary radius and travel along their wake with a few minutes rotation period. At Venus, they are oriented in the counterclockwise sense when viewed from the wake. Vortex structures have also been reported from measurements conducted by the solar wind-Mars ionospheric boundary. Their position in the Venus wake varies during the solar cycle and becomes located closer to Venus with narrower width values during minimum solar cycle conditions. As a whole there is a tendency for the thickness of the vortex structures to become smaller with the downstream distance from Venus in a configuration similar to that of a corkscrew flow in fluid dynamics and that gradually becomes smaller with increasing distance downstream from an obstacle. It is argued that such process derives from the transport of momentum from vortex structures to motion directed along the Venus wake and that it is driven by the thermal expansion of the solar wind. The implications of that momentum transport are examined to stress an enhancement in the kinetic energy of particles that move along the wake after reducing the rotational kinetic energy of particles streaming in a vortex flow. As a result, the kinetic energy of plasma articles along the Venus wake becomes enhanced by the momentum of the vortex flow, which decreases its size in that direction. Particle fluxes with such properties should be measured with increasing distance downstream from Venus. Similar conditions should also be expected in vortex flows subject to pressure forces that drive them behind an obstacle.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Wind-pressure Measurement"

1

"Measurement of wind pressure coefficients of single-span greenhouses using wind tunnel test." In 2015 ASABE International Meeting. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aim.20152190521.

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2

Vardaki, Eleni, Neil Stokes, Sergey Fonov, and Jim Crafton. "Pressure Sensitive Paint Measurements at the ARA Transonic Wind Tunnel." In 27th AIAA Aerodynamic Measurement Technology and Ground Testing Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2010-4796.

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3

Kammeyer, Mark, and Robert Wozniak. "An Uncertainty Analysis for Low-Speed Wind Tunnel Pressure Measurements." In 24th AIAA Aerodynamic Measurement Technology and Ground Testing Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2004-2196.

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4

Asai, Keisuke, Yutaka Amao, Yoshimi Iijima, Ichiro Okura, and Hiroyuki Nishide. "Novel pressure-sensitive paint for cryogenic and unsteady wind tunnel testing." In 21st Aerodynamic Measurement Technology and Ground Testing Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2000-2527.

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5

Buck, Gregory. "Simultaneous global pressure and temperature measurement technique for hypersonic wind tunnels." In 21st Aerodynamic Measurement Technology and Ground Testing Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2000-2649.

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6

Kurita, Mitsuru, Kazuyuki Nakakita, Kazunori Mitsuo, and Shigeya Watanabe. "Data Processing of Pressure-Sensitive Paint for Industrial Wind Tunnel Testing." In 24th AIAA Aerodynamic Measurement Technology and Ground Testing Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2004-2189.

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7

Vanhoutte, F., P. Ashill, and K. Garry. "Intrusion effects of pressure sensitive paint in wind-tunnel tests on wings." In 21st Aerodynamic Measurement Technology and Ground Testing Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2000-2525.

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8

Owen, F., and A. Owen. "Detailed study of flow quality in the NASA Ames 12-Ft. Pressure Wind Tunnel." In Advanced Measurement and Ground Testing Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1996-2204.

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Chen, XueYuan. "Application of fluorescence pressure transducer technology to pressure measurement test in high speed wind tunnel." In 2012 24th Chinese Control and Decision Conference (CCDC). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ccdc.2012.6242997.

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10

Kuenstner, Rudi, Klaus-Rainer Deutenbach, and Jorg-Dieter Vagt. "Measurement of Reference Dynamic Pressure in Open-Jet Automotive Wind Tunnels." In International Congress & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/920344.

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