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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Wild radish"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021
Оновлено: 20 лютого 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Wild radish"

1

Ferrell, Jason A., Brent A. Sellers, Gregory E. MacDonald, and Pratap Devkota. "Wild Radish: Biology and Control." EDIS 2020, no. 3 (October 29, 2020): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/edis-wg215-2020.

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Wild radish is one of the most common and problematic pasture weeds in the Florida Panhandle. It is found throughout the state and can be a serious pest in other crops including peanut, corn, and winter vegetables. This publication provides information concerning the biology and growth of wild radish, the problems associated with its presence in wheat and other small grains as well as cover crops, and methods for control and management. Previous version: Ferrell, J., and G. MacDonald. 2005. “Wild Radish--Biology and Control”. EDIS 2005 (11). https://journals.flvc.org/edis/article/view/115117.
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2

Eslami, Seyed V., Gurjeet S. Gill, Bill Bellotti, and Glenn McDonald. "Wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum) interference in wheat." Weed Science 54, no. 4 (August 2006): 749–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-05-180r2.1.

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Wild radish is a major weed of field crops in southern Australia. The effects of various densities of wild radish and wheat on the growth and reproductive output of each other were investigated in field studies in 2003 and 2004. The experiments were established as a factorial combination of wheat (0, 100, 200, and 400 plants m−2) and wild radish (0, 15, 30, and 60 plants m−2) densities. The effect of wild radish density on wheat yield loss and wild radish seed production were described with a rectangular hyperbola model. The presence of wild radish in wheat reduced aboveground dry matter, leaf-area index (LAI), and grain yield of wheat, and the magnitude of this reduction was dependent on weed density. Increasing the density of wheat substantially reduced the adverse effects of wild radish on wheat. As crop density increased, wild radish dry matter, LAI, and seed production per unit area decreased. The maximum seed production of wild radish was achieved at its highest density (60 plants m−2), and was 43,300 and 61,200 seeds m−2for the first and second year, respectively. The results indicated that higher densities of wheat were able to suppress seed production of this weed species. From a practical viewpoint, this study shows that increased wheat density in the range of 200 to 400 wheat plants m−2can reduce wild radish seed production and also give some reduction in crop yield loss, and could be an important component of an integrated weed management program.
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3

Simard, Marie-Josée, and Anne Légère. "Synchrony of flowering between canola and wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum)." Weed Science 52, no. 6 (December 2004): 905–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-03-145r.

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Анотація:
Many conditions need to be satisfied for gene flow to occur between a transgenic crop and its weedy relatives. Flowering overlap is one essential requirement for hybrid formation. Hybridization can occur between canola and its wild relative, wild radish. We studied the effects of wild radish plant density and date of emergence, canola (glyphosate resistant) planting dates, presence of other weeds, and presence of a wheat crop on the synchrony of flowering between wild radish and canola (as a crop and volunteer). Four field experiments were conducted from 2000 to 2002 in St-David de Lévis, Québec. Flowering periods of wild radish emerging after glyphosate application overlapped with early-, intermediate-, and late-seeded canola 14, 26, and 55%, respectively, of the total flowering time. Flowering periods of early-emerging wild radish and canola volunteers in uncropped treatments overlapped from mid-June until the end of July, ranging from 26 to 81% of the total flowering time. Flowering periods of wild radish and canola volunteers emerging synchronously on May 30 or June 5 as weeds in wheat overlapped 88 and 42%, respectively, of their total flowering time. For later emergence dates, few flowers or seeds were produced by both species because of wheat competition. Wild radish density in canola and wild radish and canola volunteer densities in wheat did not affect the mean flowering dates of wild radish or canola. Increasing wild radish density in uncropped plots (pure or weedy stands) hastened wild radish flowering. Our results show that if hybridization is to happen, it will be most likely with uncontrolled early-emerging weeds in crops or on roadsides, field margins, and uncultivated areas, stressing the need to control the early flush of weeds, weedy relatives, and crop volunteers in noncrop areas.
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4

Malik, Mayank S., Jason K. Norsworthy, A. Stanley Culpepper, Melissa B. Riley, and William Bridges. "Use of Wild Radish (Raphanus raphanistrum) and Rye Cover Crops for Weed Suppression in Sweet Corn." Weed Science 56, no. 4 (August 2008): 588–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-08-002.1.

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Field experiments were conducted near Blackville, SC, and Tifton, GA, in 2004 and 2005, to evaluate the effect of wild radish and rye cover crops on weed control and sweet corn yield when used in conjunction with lower-than-recommended herbicide rates. Cover crop treatments included wild radish, rye, and no cover crop, alone and in conjunction with half and full rates of atrazine (0.84 and 1.68 kg ai ha−1) plusS-metolachlor (0.44 and 0.87 kg ai ha−1) applied before sweet corn emergence. Florida pusley, large crabgrass, spreading dayflower, ivyleaf morningglory, and wild radish infested the test sites. Wild radish and rye cover crops without herbicides reduced total weed density by 35 and 50%, respectively, at 4 wk after planting (WAP). Wild radish in conjunction with the full rate of atrazine plusS-metolachlor controlled Florida pusley, large crabgrass, and ivyleaf morningglory better than rye or no cover crop treated with a full herbicide rate in 2004 at Blackville. In 2005, at Blackville, weed control in sweet corn following wild radish cover crop plots alone was not different from that following rye. Wild radish or rye in conjunction with a half or full rate of atrazine andS-metolachlor controlled > 95% Florida pusley, wild radish, and large crabgrass in sweet corn at Tifton during both years. Ten glucosinolates, potential allelopathic compounds, were identified in wild radish, including glucoiberin, progoitrin, glucoraphanin, glucoraphenin, glucosinalbin, gluconapin, glucotropaeolin, glucoerucin, glucobrassicin, and gluconasturtin. Sweet corn yields at Blackville and Tifton following wild radish or rye cover crops were similar between the half and full rates of atrazine plusS-metolachlor. Sweet corn in wild radish or rye cover crop plots without herbicides produced less-marketable ears than herbicide-treated plots, indicating that a combination of cover crops and herbicides are required to optimize yields and to obtain desirable weed control.
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5

Kavalappara, Saritha R., David G. Riley, Paulo S. G. Cremonez, Jermaine D. Perier, and Sudeep Bag. "Wild Radish (Raphanus raphanistrum L.) Is a Potential Reservoir Host of Cucurbit Chlorotic Yellows Virus." Viruses 14, no. 3 (March 13, 2022): 593. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14030593.

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Cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus (CCYV) belongs to the genus Crinivirus and is part of a complex of whitefly-transmitted viruses that cause yellowing disease in cucurbits. In the southeastern USA, heavy incidences of CCYV have been observed on all cucurbits grown in the fall. CCYV was detected from wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum L.), a common weed that grows in the southeastern USA by high-throughput sequencing as well as RT-PCR. CCYV sequence from wild radish was 99.90% and 99.95%, identical to RNA 1 and RNA 2 of cucurbit isolates of CCYV from the region. Transmission assays using whiteflies demonstrated that wild radish is a good host for CCYV. Whiteflies were also able to acquire CCYV from wild radish and transmit the virus to cucurbit hosts, which developed typical symptoms associated with CCYV. Using quantitative PCR, the titer of CCYV in wild radish was also estimated to be on par with that of cucurbit hosts of the virus. Whitefly bioassays revealed that wild radish is an acceptable feeding and reproductive host plant. These results indicate that wild radish could serve as a reservoir host for CCYV in the USA and other parts of the world where similar conditions exist.
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6

Ban, Takuya, Nobuo Kobayashi, Hiroshi Hontani, Masayuki Kadowaki, and Shingo Matsumoto. "Domestication and Utilization of Japanese Wild Radish." Horticultural Research (Japan) 8, no. 4 (2009): 413–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2503/hrj.8.413.

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7

Schroeder, Jill. "Wild Radish (Raphanus raphanistrum) Control in Soft Red Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum)." Weed Science 37, no. 1 (January 1989): 112–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500055946.

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Field experiments were conducted at two locations in Georgia to evaluate wild radish control and soft red winter wheat tolerance of herbicides applied February 1 (one- to five-tiller stage) or March 1 (three- to seven-tiller stage). Bromoxynil controlled wild radish with no wheat grain or forage yield reductions in any experiment. Thiameturon controlled wild radish when applied at rates >0.02 kg/ha on March 1. Metribuzin, dimethylamine salt of 2,4-D, and dimethylamine salt of MCPA provided late-season control of wild radish. February 1 treatments of metribuzin reduced wheat stands at Plains. The difference was attributed to environmental conditions, wheat tiller number at application, and possibly to differences in soil fertility at planting. Metribuzin, thiameturon, dimethylamine salt of dicamba, MCPA, and 2,4-D reduced wheat forage yield at Tifton. Dicamba did not control wild radish and reduced grain yield when applied at a rate of 0.3 kg ai/ha on March 1.
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8

Walsh, Michael J., Peter Newman, and Paul Chatfield. "Mesotrione: a new preemergence herbicide option for wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum) control in wheat." Weed Technology 35, no. 6 (October 27, 2021): 924–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/wet.2021.90.

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AbstractWild radish is the most problematic broadleaf weed in Australian grain production. The propensity of wild radish to evolve resistance to herbicides has led to high frequencies of multiple herbicide–resistant populations present in these grain production regions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of mesotrione to selectively control wild radish in wheat. The initial dose response pot trials determined that at the highest mesotrione rate of 50 g ha−1 applied preemergence (PRE) was 30% more effective than when applied postemergence (POST) on wild radish. This same rate of mesotrione applied POST resulted in a 30% reduction in wheat biomass compared to 0% for the PRE application. Subsequent mesotrione PRE dose response trials identified a wheat selective rate range of >100 and <300 g ai ha−1 that provided greater than 85% wild radish control with less than 15% reduction in wheat growth. Field evaluations confirmed the efficacy of mesotrione at 100 to 150 g ai ha−1 in reducing wild radish populations by greater than 85% following PRE application and incorporation by wheat planting. Additionally, these field trials demonstrated the opportunity for season-long control of wild radish when mesotrione applied PRE was followed by bromoxynil applied POST. The sequential PRE application of mesotrione, a herbicide that inhibits p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase, followed by POST application of bromoxynil, a herbicide that inhibits photosystem II, has the potential to provide 100% wild radish control with no effect on wheat growth.
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9

Code, GR, and TW Donaldson. "Effect of cultivation, sowing methods and herbicides on wild radish populations in wheat crops." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 36, no. 4 (1996): 437. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9960437.

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Анотація:
The effect of different cultivation and sowing methods on wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum L.) density in 4 successive wheat crops was measured in an experiment in north-eastern Victoria. The number of seasons taken for populations to decline below an estimated threshold for economic spraying of wild radish (5-10 plants/m2) was examined. Two herbicide applications in each crop in all but one treatment prevented or significantly reduced wild radish seed production during the experiment. Wheat sown after mouldboard ploughing (MBP) in the first season contained wild radish at 42 plants/m2, before spraying. Densities were significantly higher (P<0.05) when wheat was direct drilled (96 plants/m2), or sown after cultivation to 80 mm (116 plants/m2) or to 50 mm (202 plants/m2). MBP in the first season followed by cultivation to 80 mm or direct drilling in subsequent seasons resulted in wild radish populations below the threshold for economic spraying in the second crop. Cultivation to 80 mm before sowing in the first 2 years, followed by direct drilling in subsequent years resulted in a wild radish population of 6.9 plants/m2 in the third crop. This density was within the range estimated as the threshold for economic spraying. Wild radish densities on treatments cultivated to 50 or 80 mm before sowing, or direct drilled each year, had declined to within or below the threshold for economic spraying by the fourth crop.
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10

Weaver, S. E., and J. A. Ivany. "Economic thresholds for wild radish, wild oat, hemp-nettle and corn spurry in spring barley." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 78, no. 2 (April 1, 1998): 357–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p97-072.

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Анотація:
The yield response of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L. 'Morrison') to a range of densities of wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum L.), wild oat (Avena fatua L.), hemp-nettle (Galeopsis tetrahit L.), and corn spurry (Spergula arvensis L.) was investigated in field experiments on Prince Edward Island from 1991 through 1994. Barley yield was modelled as a function of both barley and weed density. In the absence of weed competition, barley seed yield, number of main shoots, number of heads, and thousand-kernel weight varied significantly during the 4 yr of the study. Increasing densities of wild radish and wild oat reduced the number of barley heads primarily by interfering with tillering, but wild oat also reduced barley thousand-kernel weight. Hemp-nettle and corn-spurry at densities up to 200 plants m−2 had little effect on barley yield, except in a year of low barley yield potential. Estimated economic thresholds for wild radish, wild oat, hemp-nettle and corn spurry at a barley population of 250 plants m−2 were 37, 45, 122 and 297 plants m−2, respectively, assuming a weed-free yield of 4 t ha−1, a crop price of $100 t−1, and weed control costs of $30 ha−1. Key words: Avena fatua, Galeopsis tetrahit, Hordeum vulgare, Raphanus raphanistrum, Spergula arvensis, yield loss, weed interference, economic threshold
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Дисертації з теми "Wild radish"

1

Malik, Mayank Singh. "Biology and ecology of wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum)." Connect to this title online, 2009. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1249066434/.

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2

Uthus, Kristen Lynn. "The potential for introgression of cultivated radish (Raphanus sativus) alleles into wild radish (R. raphanistrum) populations /." The Ohio State University, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1486401895208824.

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3

Madafiglio, Gregory Peter, University of Western Sydney, of Science Technology and Environment College, and School of Environment and Agriculture. "Population management of Raphanus raphanistrum L. (wild radish) by regulating seed production." THESIS_CSTE_CIT_Madafiglio_G.xml, 2002. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/339.

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Анотація:
Raphanus raphanistrum L. (wild radish) is a widespread and economically problematic weed of winter crops including wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in southern Australia. Management of the weed is achieved by a range of non-chemical and chemical techniques. Current management is failing to contain the weed, which is increasing in abundance and distribution. The characteristics of staggered recruitment, dormancy, rapid growth, competitive ability and high levels of seed production contribute to its persistence. The literature review concludes that weeds formed the basis for perpetuation of R. raphanistrum, a claim further investigated by simulation modeling. The effective management of R. raphanistrum should aim to achieve declining populations and this requires the integration of all factors that regulate seed production. Reducing seed production of R. raphanistrum in wheat can be achieved by applying herbicides at reproductive stages of development. This technique has been demonstrated to be an effective, safe and practical method of reducing seed production of R. raphanistrum in wheat. Reducing seed production of R. raphanistrum by herbicides applied at reproductive stages of development is a technique that can be incorporated into an integrated weed management program to improve control
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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4

Welgama, Amali. "Herbicide application strategies for wild radish management in Imidazolinone tolerant faba bean." Thesis, Federation University Australia, 2020. http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/176148.

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The extensive and continual use of herbicides in cropping situations has inevitably led to the phenomenon of "herbicide-resistance" in weeds and this has become one of the most challenging issues in modern agriculture. Herbicide-tolerant crops (HTC) were introduced to diversify weed management practices, but the lack of integrated weed management strategies, along with the continuous use of the same herbicide mode of action (MOA) demanded by the HTC has continued to impose selection pressure on weeds to evolve with herbicide resistance. Consequently, this thesis has been focused on the introduction of herbicide MOA combinations into HTC systems in an attempt to reduce the rate of herbicide resistance evolution in weeds. Raphanus raphanistrum is the number one broadleaf weed in Australia, and for this case study, the newly released ALS-inhibiting imidazolinone tolerant faba bean cultivar PBA Bendoc with its conventional cultivar, PBA Samira, were selected as the study species. ALS-inhibiting (imazamox + imazapyr and imazethapyr) and PSII-inhibiting (metribuzin) herbicides were used as the two herbicide MOAs. The herbicide sensitivity of R. raphanistrum was initially evaluated at different growth stages, in glasshouse studies using herbicide-resistant and susceptible biotypes to ALS-inhibiting herbicides. The highest susceptibility was observed at the earliest growth stage regardless of the biotype and Imazamox + imazapyr proved to be more effective in controlling both biotypes compared to imazethapyr. The same two herbicides were tested on faba bean cultivars at different growth stages to assess crop tolerance and identify the herbicide application window. The field trials conducted in 2018 and 2019 showed increased ALS-inhibiting herbicide tolerance in PBA Bendoc compared to PBA Samira even at the most advanced growth stage. Both faba bean cultivars were then evaluated for their tolerance to metribuzin in-crop application at different herbicide rates. Both cultivars responded similarly, showing progressive herbicide damage with increasing application rates. However, the reduced pod number, even at the lowest rate used, flagged the possible yield penalties that may result in using in-crop metribuzin applications. It is thus suggested that metribuzin must be used post sowing pre-emergent (PSPE) respecting the label recommendations. The potential herbicide combinations were then tested on herbicide-resistant R. raphanistrum and PBA Bendoc to evaluate their efficacies. Metribuzin was initially used as PSPE in all combinations, and was to be followed by imazamox + imazapyr applications at the same growth stages of the weed and the crop as in previous experiments. However, 100% control of R. raphanistrum was achieved using metribuzin alone, and thus no second herbicide was required. All the assessed herbicide combinations were tolerated by PBA Bendoc, proving the suitability of these herbicide combinations for incorporation into the PBA Bendoc cropping system. These results led to two potential herbicide combination strategies: (i) herbicide rotations, with metribuzin as PSPE in one year along with another potential herbicide MOA in the following year, (ii) herbicide sequential application, with metribuzin applied at PSPE and imazamox + imazapyr applied at the 2-4 leaf stage if R. raphanistrum plants survived the metribuzin treatment. A seed germination study was conducted under different temperature/photoperiods, pH levels, osmotic potentials, salinity and burial depths to identify the optimal germination conditions for R. raphanistrum. The optimum germination conditions for both herbicide-resistant and susceptible biotypes of R. raphanistrum were found to be 25ºC/15ºC temperature range under 24 hours complete dark. However, the significant interaction between photoperiod and temperature indicated that the seed germination under higher temperatures is less favoured by 24 hours dark conditions regardless of the biotype. An increased moisture stress tolerance in herbicide-resistant seeds was observed, whilst both biotypes reacted similarly to different pH levels and burial depths. In summary, this thesis has elucidated the effectiveness of two herbicide MOAs in controlling R. raphanistrum while addressing the crop tolerance to these herbicide MOA combinations. These findings will help in setting up stewardship guidelines to be used with the PBA Bendoc faba bean cultivar to mitigate the misuse of herbicides, thus ensuring their sustainable application. In addition, the demonstration of differential seed germination requirements of resistant and susceptible R. raphanistrum seeds has provided further information to help with its systematic management. Overall, this study can be used as a case study to investigate herbicide options that can be used in different HT crop cultivars to control a range of weed species.
Doctor of Philosophy
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5

Madafiglio, Gregory Peter. "Population management of Raphanus raphanistrum L. (wild radish) by regulating seed production." Thesis, View thesis View thesis, 2002. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/339.

Повний текст джерела
Анотація:
Raphanus raphanistrum L. (wild radish) is a widespread and economically problematic weed of winter crops including wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in southern Australia. Management of the weed is achieved by a range of non-chemical and chemical techniques. Current management is failing to contain the weed, which is increasing in abundance and distribution. The characteristics of staggered recruitment, dormancy, rapid growth, competitive ability and high levels of seed production contribute to its persistence. The literature review concludes that weeds formed the basis for perpetuation of R. raphanistrum, a claim further investigated by simulation modeling. The effective management of R. raphanistrum should aim to achieve declining populations and this requires the integration of all factors that regulate seed production. Reducing seed production of R. raphanistrum in wheat can be achieved by applying herbicides at reproductive stages of development. This technique has been demonstrated to be an effective, safe and practical method of reducing seed production of R. raphanistrum in wheat. Reducing seed production of R. raphanistrum by herbicides applied at reproductive stages of development is a technique that can be incorporated into an integrated weed management program to improve control
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6

Madafiglio, Gregory Peter. "Population management of Raphanus raphanistrum L. (wild radish) by regulating seed production /." View thesis View thesis, 2002. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030403.112142/index.html.

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Анотація:
Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Western Sydney, 2002.
"A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in the Centre for Landscape and Ecosystems Management, University of Western Sydney ... May 2002" Includes bibliography (leaves 159-177) and other bibliographical references.
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7

Han, Qingxiang. "Lineage isolation maintained by natural selection despite ongoing gene flow in Japanese wild radish." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/225684.

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8

Huh, Man-Kyu. "Genetic study on natural populations of East Asian wild radish in Korea and Japan." Kyoto University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/149528.

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9

Friesen, Lincoln Jacob Shane. "Identification of the mechanisms of wild radish herbicide resistance to PSII inhibitors, auxinics, and AHAS inhibitors." University of Western Australia. School of Plant Biology, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0106.

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Анотація:
The objective of this Ph.D. research was to identify new and novel mechanisms of wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum L.) resistance to photosystem II (PSII) inhibitors, auxinics, and acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS) inhibitors. PSIIinhibitor resistance was demonstrated to be target-site based, and conferred by a Ser264 to Gly substitution of the D1 protein. Auxinic resistance was associated with reduced herbicide translocation to the meristematic regions of resistant wild radish plants. Two new resistance mutations of wild radish AHAS were discovered, including one encoding the globally rare Asp376 to Glu substitution, and another encoding an Ala122 to Tyr substitution, which has never been identified or assessed for resistance in plants previously. Characterization of the frequency and distribution of AHAS resistance mutations in wild radish from the WA wheatbelt revealed that Glu376 was widespread, and that some mutations of AHAS are more common than others. Computer simulation was used to examine the molecular basis of resistance-endowing AHAS target-site mutations. Furthermore, through the computer-aided analysis, residues were identified with the potential to confer resistance upon substitution, but which have not previously been assessed for this possibility. Results from this Ph.D. research demonstrate that diverse, unrelated mechanisms of resistance to PSII inhibitors, auxinics, and AHAS inhibitors have evolved in wild radish of the WA wheatbelt, and that these mechanisms have accumulated in some populations.
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10

Bhatti, Muhammad Ali. "Genetic variation in naturalized wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum L.) populations in the mediterranean climate of south-western Australia." University of Western Australia. School of Plant Biology, 2004. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2005.0012.

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Анотація:
[Truncated abstract] Wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum L.), an outcrossing annual plant, is one of the most widespread and successful colonising weeds in the Australian wheat belt. It was introduced accidentally during the latter part of the 19th century, apparently independently through the major ports of southern Australia. The widespread success of wild radish, and therefore the likelihood of distinct populations, gives us the opportunity to study the colonizing process with adaptation in annual outbreeding species, and to explore their genetic diversity. The aims of this thesis were to study the genetic diversity of wild radish and to investigate which factors are important in its success. After an initial review of the literature (chapter 2), the thesis describes experiments where genetic variation between and within populations was compared at 55 sites in transects across the wheat belt and high rainfall zones of temperate Western Australia (chapter 3). In chapter 4, variation in life history traits was compared with variation in AFLP molecular markers. The role of seed dormancy in the survival of the species was examined in chapter 5, and variation in the oil content of seeds and their fatty acid composition was examined in chapter 6. Finally, the results were discussed in chapter 7 with special reference to the adaptive value of outcrossing in annual weeds. The results suggest that wild radish has evolved to fit the Australian environment. However, measurement of 14 morphological and phenological characters showed that in most cases within site variation was much greater than that between sites. Most of the variation between sites was associated with geoclusters, a name given to zones of similar environmental conditions in regard to rainfall and temperature. Thus plants from areas with high rainfall and low temperature produced longer, wider pods with more segments, heavier seeds and flowered later than plants from more arid areas.
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Книги з теми "Wild radish"

1

Smith, Charles W. Final technical report for NASA grant NAG 2-553 entitled radial evolution of the solar wind turbulence with application to charged particle transport. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1991.

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2

McMullen, Jeanine. Wind in the ash trees. Thorndike, ME: Thorndike Press, 1988.

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3

Frater, R. H. Four pillars of radio astronomy: Mills, Christiansen, Wild, Bracewell. Cham: Springer, 2017.

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4

Wizard of the wind. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1997.

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5

Keith, Don. Wizard of the wind. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1997.

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6

Wind in the ashtree. New York: W.W. Norton, 1988.

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7

J, Engebretson M., Takahashi K, and Scholer M. 1940-, eds. Solar wind sources of magnetospheric ultra-low-frequency waves. Washington, DC, USA: American Geophysical Union, 1994.

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8

Wind in the ashtree. London: Unwin Hyman, 1988.

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9

Wind in the ash tree. Thorndike, Me: Thorndike Press, 1988.

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10

Allaire, R. Guazzini: I will survive. Paris: Hugo, 2010.

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Частини книг з теми "Wild radish"

1

Sastry, K. Subramanya, Bikash Mandal, John Hammond, S. W. Scott, and R. W. Briddon. "Raphanus raphanistrum (Wild radish)." In Encyclopedia of Plant Viruses and Viroids, 2056–59. New Delhi: Springer India, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-3912-3_779.

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2

Stanton, Maureen L., and Robert E. Preston. "Pollen Allocation in Wild Radish: Variation in Pollen Grain Size and Number." In Biotechnology and Ecology of Pollen, 461–66. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-8622-3_74.

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3

Frater, R. H., W. M. Goss, and H. W. Wendt. "Paul Wild: Radio Astronomy and the Sun." In Four Pillars of Radio Astronomy: Mills, Christiansen, Wild, Bracewell, 91–130. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65599-4_5.

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4

Kothes, Roland. "Radio Properties of Pulsar Wind Nebulae." In Modelling Pulsar Wind Nebulae, 1–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63031-1_1.

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5

Efimov, A. I. "Radial Profile Measurements of the Solar Wind Speed Using Radio Sounding Techniques." In Mass Supply and Flows in the Solar Corona, 397–402. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0930-7_66.

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6

Hjellming, R. M. "The Radio-Emitting Wind, Jet, and Nebular Shell of AG Pegasi." In Radio Stars, 97–100. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5420-5_12.

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7

Frater, R. H., W. M. Goss, and H. W. Wendt. "Influences of the Four Pillars Beyond Radio Astronomy." In Four Pillars of Radio Astronomy: Mills, Christiansen, Wild, Bracewell, 153–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65599-4_7.

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8

Frater, R. H., W. M. Goss, and H. W. Wendt. "Bernie Mills: Cross-Type Telescopes and Discrete Radio Sources." In Four Pillars of Radio Astronomy: Mills, Christiansen, Wild, Bracewell, 23–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65599-4_3.

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9

Williams, Dilafruz R. "Urban Wild Foraging–Walk with Me, a One-Mile Radius." In Place-based Learning for the Plate, 11–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42814-3_2.

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10

Li, Bo, Dalmiro J. F. Maia, and Milan Maksimovic. "Solar and Interplanetary Radio Emissions." In The Sun, the Solar Wind, and the Heliosphere, 223–33. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9787-3_20.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Wild radish"

1

Richardson, J. D., J. W. Belcher, A. J. Lazarus, K. I. Paularena, J. T. Steinberg, and P. R. Gazis. "Non-radial flows in the solar wind." In Proceedings of the eigth international solar wind conference: Solar wind eight. AIP, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.51432.

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2

Yamashita, Masahiro. "Radial dependence of propagation speed of solar wind disturbance." In SOLAR WIND TEN: Proceedings of the Tenth International Solar Wind Conference. AIP, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1618702.

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3

Al-Dulaimi, Anwer, Saba Al-Rubaye, and John Cosmas. "Adaptive congestion control for mobility in cognitive radio networks." In 2011 Wireless Advanced (WiAd) (Formerly known as SPWC). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wiad.2011.5983268.

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4

Woo, Richard. "Coronal structures observed by radio propagation measurements." In Proceedings of the eigth international solar wind conference: Solar wind eight. AIP, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.51417.

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5

Lucek, E. A., T. S. Horbury, A. Balogh, and D. J. McComas. "Plasma signatures of radial field power dropouts." In The solar wind nine conference. AIP, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.58656.

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6

González-Esparza, Américo. "Geometry and radial width of interaction regions." In The solar wind nine conference. AIP, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.58702.

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7

Eslami, Mohammad, and Seyed Mohammad Sajad Sadough. "Wideband spectrum sensing for cognitive radio via phase-field segmentation." In 2010 Wireless Advanced (WiAd) (Formerly known as SPWC). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wiad.2010.5544933.

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8

Navid Tafaghodi Khajavi and Seyed Mohammad Sajad Sadough. "Improved spectrum sensing and achieved throughputs in cognitive radio networks." In 2010 Wireless Advanced (WiAd) (Formerly known as SPWC). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wiad.2010.5544936.

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9

Alam, Atm Shafiul, Laurence S. Dooley, and Adrian S. Poulton. "Dynamic spectrum access based on cognitive radio within cellular networks." In 2011 Wireless Advanced (WiAd) (Formerly known as SPWC). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wiad.2011.5983291.

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10

Tabassam, Ahmad Ali, Muhammad Uzair Suleman, Sumit Kalsait, and Sheheryar Khan. "Building cognitive radios in MATLAB Simulink — A step towards future wireless technology." In 2011 Wireless Advanced (WiAd) (Formerly known as SPWC). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wiad.2011.5983278.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Wild radish"

1

Morin, Shai, Gregory Walker, Linda Walling, and Asaph Aharoni. Identifying Arabidopsis thaliana Defense Genes to Phloem-feeding Insects. United States Department of Agriculture, February 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7699836.bard.

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The whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) is a serious agricultural pest that afflicts a wide variety of ornamental and vegetable crop species. To enable survival on a great diversity of host plants, whiteflies must have the ability to avoid or detoxify numerous different plant defensive chemicals. Such toxins include a group of insect-deterrent molecules called glucosinolates (GSs), which also provide the pungent taste of Brassica vegetables such as radish and cabbage. In our BARD grant, we used the whitefly B. tabaci and Arabidopsis (a Brassica plant model) defense mutants and transgenic lines, to gain comprehensive understanding both on plant defense pathways against whiteflies and whitefly defense strategies against plants. Our major focus was on GSs. We produced transgenic Arabidopsis plants accumulating high levels of GSs. At the first step, we examined how exposure to high levels of GSs affects decision making and performance of whiteflies when provided plants with normal levels or high levels of GSs. Our major conclusions can be divided into three: (I) exposure to plants accumulating high levels of GSs, negatively affected the performance of both whitefly adult females and immature; (II) whitefly adult females are likely to be capable of sensing different levels of GSs in their host plants and are able to choose, for oviposition, the host plant on which their offspring survive and develop better (preference-performance relationship); (III) the dual presence of plants with normal levels and high levels of GSs, confused whitefly adult females, and led to difficulties in making a choice between the different host plants. These findings have an applicative perspective. Whiteflies are known as a serious pest of Brassica cropping systems. If the differences found here on adjacent small plants translate to field situations, intercropping with closely-related Brassica cultivars could negatively influence whitefly population build-up. At the second step, we characterized the defensive mechanisms whiteflies use to detoxify GSs and other plant toxins. We identified five detoxification genes, which can be considered as putative "key" general induced detoxifiers because their expression-levels responded to several unrelated plant toxic compounds. This knowledge is currently used (using new funding) to develop a new technology that will allow the production of pestresistant crops capable of protecting themselves from whiteflies by silencing insect detoxification genes without which successful host utilization can not occur. Finally, we made an effort to identify defense genes that deter whitefly performance, by infesting with whiteflies, wild-type and defense mutated Arabidopsis plants. The infested plants were used to construct deep-sequencing expression libraries. The 30- 50 million sequence reads per library, provide an unbiased and quantitative assessment of gene expression and contain sequences from both Arabidopsis and whiteflies. Therefore, the libraries give us sequence data that can be mined for both the plant and insect gene expression responses. An intensive analysis of these datasets is underway. We also conducted electrical penetration graph (EPG) recordings of whiteflies feeding on Arabidopsis wild-type and defense mutant plants in order to determine the time-point and feeding behavior in which plant-defense genes are expressed. We are in the process of analyzing the recordings and calculating 125 feeding behavior parameters for each whitefly. From the analyses conducted so far we conclude that the Arabidopsis defense mutants do not affect adult feeding behavior in the same manner that they affect immatures development. Analysis of the immatures feeding behavior is not yet completed, but if it shows the same disconnect between feeding behavior data and developmental rate data, we would conclude that the differences in the defense mutants are due to a qualitative effect based on the chemical constituency of the phloem sap.
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2

McGregor, S. L., W. J. Hughes, C. N. Arge, D. Odstreil, and N. A. Schwadron. The Radial Evolution of Solar Wind Speeds (Postprint). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada557896.

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3

Gopalswamy, Nat, Pertti Mäkelä, and Seiji Yashiro. A Catalog of Type II radio bursts observed by Wind/WAVES and their Statistical Properties. Balkan, Black sea and Caspian sea Regional Network for Space Weather Studies, March 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31401/sungeo.2019.02.03.

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4

Gopalswamy, Nat, Pertti Mäkelä, and Seiji Yashiro. A Catalog of Type II radio bursts observed by Wind/WAVES and their Statistical Properties. Balkan, Black sea and Caspian sea Regional Network for Space Weather Studies, March 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31401/sungeo.2020.02.03.

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5

Taylor, Shawna, Jake Carlson, Joel Herndon, Alicia Hofelich Mohr, Wendy Kozlowski, Jennifer Moore, Jonathan Petters, and Cynthia Hudson Vitale. Public Access Data Management and Sharing Activities for Academic Administration and Researchers. Association of Research Libraries, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29242/report.rads2022.

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Анотація:
The Realities of Academic Data Sharing (RADS) Initiative’s public-access data management and sharing (DMS) activities are the result of categorizing services and support across the institution that are likely needed to make public access to research data available. The RADS project team categorized these activities by life-cycle phases for public access to research data, and used the activities in RADS surveys of publicly funded campus researchers and institutional administrators whose departments likely provide support in these areas. The result of categorizing and defining these activities not only delineated questions for RADS’s retrospective studies, but, consequently, may also help researchers, administrators, and librarians prepare for upcoming federal and institutional policies requiring access to publicly funded research data. This report presents version 1 of the RADS public access DMS activities. Additional versions are expected to be released as more institutions engage in implementing new federal policies in the coming months. Community engagement and feedback on the RADS DMS activities is critical to (1) validate the activities and (2) parse out the activities, as sharing and refining them will benefit stakeholders interested in meeting new federal open-access and sharing policies.
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6

Upadhyaya, Shrini, Dan Wolf, William J. Chancellor, Itzhak Shmulevich, and Amos Hadas. Traction-Soil Compaction Tradeoffs as a Function of Dynamic Soil-Tire Interation Due to Varying Soil and Loading Conditions. United States Department of Agriculture, October 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7612832.bard.

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The objectives of this study were to investigate soil-pneumatic tire interaction and develop traction-soil compaction prediction model. We have developed an inverse solution technique that employs a response surface methodology to determine engineering properties of soil in-situ. This technique is useful in obtaining actual properties of soil in-situ for use in traction and soil compaction studies rather than using the values obtained in the laboratory by employing remolded and/or disturbed soil samples. We have conducted extensive field tests i the U.S. to develop semi-empirical traction prediction equation for radial ply tires. A user friendly traction-soil compaction program was developed to predict tractive ability of radial ply tires using several different techniques and to estimate soil compaction induced by these tires. A traction prediction model that incorporates strain rate effects on the tractive ability of tires was developed in Israel. A mobile single wheel tester and an in-situ soil test device were developed i Israel to significantly enhance the ability of Israeli investigators to conduct traction-soil compaction research. This project has resulted in close cooperation between UCD, Technion, and ARO, which will be instrumental in future collaboration.
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7

Dmytrovskyi, Zenon. THE TEXTBOOK, THAT TEACHES AND BRINGS UP. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2022.51.11414.

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Анотація:
The review is about textbook on television and radio communication for students, teachers of faculties and departments of journalism, as well as journalists-practitioners, prepared by the author’s team edited by Vasyl Lyzanchuk. Textbok absorbed some considerations and conclusions from previous theoretical developments, which found a new meaning here, deeper argumentation, supplemented by many interesting observations that correspond to the spirit of the time, the innovations that have appeared in recent years in the media space of Ukraine. The textbook has ten sections, each of which is designed to enrich the student with knowledge of television and radio communications, teach him or her all that a media professional should know and be able to apply it in practice. The titles of the sections indicate their practical orientation: «Basic methodical measures of functioning of information radio and television genres», «How we analyze, interpret, explain facts, events, phenomena», «Features of the creation of artistic programs on radio and television» and others. All sections of the textbook are meaningfully connected and constructed in such a way as to provide students with the opportunity to gradually, step by step to deepen their theoretical and practical knowledge of television and radio communications. This is undoubtedly the merit of the authors of the edition. The student will benefit from the numerous examples of television and radio materials prepared by the students themselves. Their creative work should convince that this work can serve as a stimulus for creative work for future journalists during their years of study. In addition to professional competence, as rightly emphasized in the textbook by Professor Vasyl Lyzanchuk, “It is very important to form in students, future journalists, socio-national competence, deep understanding of the essence of freedom of speech and responsibility for the content of the spoken word and image, to develop the belief that they are active participants in the Ukrainian state-building processes, and not intermediaries or repeaters of information”. It should be noted that the educational element is present throughout the textbook starting with the first chapter, historical (author Professor Ivan Krupskyi). While studying this textbook, students should realize that from the honor of journalists, their dignity, patriotism depends on the honor, authority, bright name of Ukraine, its future; that their assertion of Ukrainian national identity is the key to further prosperity of our state.
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8

Robert, J., and Michael Forte. Field evaluation of GNSS/GPS based RTK, RTN, and RTX correction systems. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41864.

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This Coastal and Hydraulic Engineering Technical Note (CHETN) details an evaluation of three Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)/Global Positioning System (GPS) real-time correction methods capable of providing centimeter-level positioning. Internet and satellite-delivered correction systems, Real Time Network (RTN) and Real Time eXtended (RTX), respectively, are compared to a traditional ground-based two-way radio transmission correction system, generally referred to as Local RTK, or simply RTK. Results from this study will provide prospective users background information on each of these positioning systems and comparisons of their respective accuracies during in field operations.
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9

Malchenko, Svitlana L., Davyd V. Mykoliuk, and Arnold E. Kiv. Using interactive technologies to study the evolution of stars in astronomy classes. [б. в.], February 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3752.

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In astrophysics, a significant role is played by observations. During astronomy classes in the absence of surveillance tools interactive programmes such as an interactive programme for space objects simulation can be used as Universe Sandbox2. The aim of this work is to implement interactive programmes for effective astronomy teaching, understanding material and increasing cognitive interest. We observe the evolution of stars while using Universe Sandbox2 during the study of the topic “Evolution of stars”. Using this programme students have an opportunity to get acquainted with the existence of stars with different masses, their differences, to observe changes in the physical characteristics of stars such as: mass, temperature, speed velocity, luminosity, radius and gravity. It will help to develop the ability to analyze, to compare, to form scientific worldview, to develop the attraction for research, to raise the interest for studying astronomy.
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10

Scholz, Florian. Sedimentary fluxes of trace metals, radioisotopes and greenhouse gases in the southwestern Baltic Sea Cruise No. AL543, 23.08.2020 – 28.08.2020, Kiel – Kiel - SEDITRACE. GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/cr_al543.

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Анотація:
R/V Alkor Cruise AL543 was planned as a six-day cruise with a program of water column and sediment sampling in Kiel Bight and the western Baltic Sea. Due to restrictions related to the Covid-19 pandemic, the original plan had to be changed and the cruise was realized as six oneday cruises with sampling in Kiel Bight exclusively. The first day was dedicated to water column and sediment sampling for radionuclide analyses at Boknis Eck and Mittelgrund in Eckernförde Bay. On the remaining five days, water column, bottom water, sediment and pore water samples were collected at eleven stations covering different types of seafloor environment (grain size, redox conditions) in western Kiel Bight. The data and samples obtained on cruise AL543 will be used to investigate (i) the sedimentary cycling of bio-essential metals (e.g., nickel, zinc, and their isotopes) as a function of variable redox conditions, (ii) the impact of submarine groundwater discharge and diffusive benthic fluxes on the distribution of radium and radon as well as greenhouse gases (methane and nitrous oxide) in the water column, and (iii) to characterize and quantify the impact of coastal erosion on sedimentary iron, phosphorus and rare earth element cycling in Kiel Bight.
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