Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Wholesale goods"
Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями
Ознайомтеся зі списками актуальних статей, книг, дисертацій, тез та інших наукових джерел на тему "Wholesale goods".
Біля кожної праці в переліку літератури доступна кнопка «Додати до бібліографії». Скористайтеся нею – і ми автоматично оформимо бібліографічне посилання на обрану працю в потрібному вам стилі цитування: APA, MLA, «Гарвард», «Чикаго», «Ванкувер» тощо.
Також ви можете завантажити повний текст наукової публікації у форматі «.pdf» та прочитати онлайн анотацію до роботи, якщо відповідні параметри наявні в метаданих.
Статті в журналах з теми "Wholesale goods"
1
Bernard, Andrew B., and Teresa C. Fort. "Factoryless Goods Producing Firms." American Economic Review 105, no. 5 (May 1, 2015): 518–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.p20151044.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper documents the existence and characteristics of US firms that do not manufacture themselves, but nonetheless are heavily involved in the production of goods. These factoryless goods producing firms (FGPFs) are formally in the wholesale sector but, unlike traditional wholesale firms, FGPFs design the goods they sell and coordinate production activities. FGPFs in the wholesale sector are larger and younger, pay higher wages, span more sectors and had more manufacturing employment in previous years compared to traditional wholesalers. FGPFs are more likely to import than typical wholesalers, though their imports constitute a smaller share of their total domestic activity.
2
Kholmamatov, Diyor. "Promote Upgrade After-Sales Service Strategic Skills." Indonesian Journal of Law and Economics Review 2, no. 2 (February 2, 2019): 48–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21070/ijler.2019.v2.8.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article describes the importance of after-sales service in the field of wholesale marketing, the role in improving the competitiveness of goods in the wholesale trade in goods. There are opinions on the strategic directions of development of after-sales service in the wholesale trade. In conclusion, major points of the development have seen on the promotion of the after sales services and strategic skills.
3
Kholmamatov, Diyor. "Promote Upgrade After-Sales Service Strategic Skills." Indonesian Journal of Law and Economics Review 2, no. 2 (February 2, 2019): 48–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21070/ijler.v2i2.8.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article describes the importance of after-sales service in the field of wholesale marketing, the role in improving the competitiveness of goods in the wholesale trade in goods. There are opinions on the strategic directions of development of after-sales service in the wholesale trade. In conclusion, major points of the development have seen on the promotion of the after sales services and strategic skills.
4
Bao, Yan Qing. "Investigation and Statistical Analysis on Fire Loads of Large-Scale Wholesale Commercial Building." Advanced Materials Research 255-260 (May 2011): 259–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.255-260.259.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
There are lots of various goods in large-scale wholesale market, and all these goods were stacked together. Huge fire loads were formed and there is a great fire risk in this kind of architecture. Through investigation in a large-scale wholesale commercial building in Xi'an, some data such as fire load, fuel types, room size were collected .All these data were analyzed and the types of fuel composition in different kinds of shop were comprehended. The research will contribute to management of fire prevention in wholesale market.
5
Kovalenko, E. G. "MONITORING OF GOODS TURNOVER AS A SPECIAL FORM OF STATE CONTROL." Vestnik of Khabarovsk State University of Economics and Law, no. 1 (105) (March 3, 2021): 108–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.38161/2618-9526-2021-1-108-113.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article studies the features of monitoring of goods turnover, including marking of goods, as well as turnover in the state information system of monitoring over turnover of goods involved in the relations of the operator issuing the codes, marking, collecting information, its storage and provision. The marking functions are defined: the function of analysis of wholesale and retail turnover, information function, identifying and control functions
6
SHAHBAZ, MUHAMMAD, ABU N. M. WAHID, and ADNAN HAIDER. "EMPIRICAL PSYCHOLOGY BETWEEN WHOLESALE PRICE AND CONSUMER PRICE INDICES: THE CASE OF PAKISTAN." Singapore Economic Review 55, no. 03 (September 2010): 537–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217590810003882.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In a small open economy, the retail sector adds value with a lag to existing production and uses existing domestic production as an input. Therefore, demand side dynamics depend on the wholesale prices of the domestic goods, the prices of the imported goods, the nominal exchange rate, the level of indirect taxes, the marginal cost of retail production and interest rates. Hence, this mechanism provides a theoretical basis for causality from wholesale prices to consumer prices. Being motivated by this causal transmission mechanism, this paper tries to examine the causal relationship between wholesale prices and consumer prices in a small developing economy like Pakistan. Empirical methodology uses recently developed tests for the existence of a long-run relationship between wholesale prices and consumer prices. Typically, in applied analysis, testing for the existence of cointegration and causality can only be carried out once the time series properties of the data have been established. For example, tests for cointegration require the variables to be integrated to the same order, typically I(1), prior to estimation. By eliminating the need for unit root pre-testing, the tests applied here considerably simplify the inference procedure. They also reduce the potential for distortions in the inference due to the unknown properties of the testing sequence. Our findings include robust evidence that, for Pakistan, there is a bidirectional causality between wholesale prices and consumer prices. Feedback impact shows that influences from the wholesale price index (WPI) to the consumers' price index (CPI) is stronger or dominating as compared to feedback from CPI to WPI supporting the Cushing-McGarvey (1990) hypothesis.
7
Podmeshalska, Yu, and A. Svezhentsova. "IMPROVEMENT OF THE METHODOLOGY OF AUDIT OF GOODS AT WHOLESALE TRADE ENTERPRISES." Investytsiyi: praktyka ta dosvid, no. 4 (February 28, 2019): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.32702/2306-6814.2019.4.72.
Повний текст джерела
8
Kovaleva, Natalia Nikolaevna, Olga Vasilyevna Dedova, and Andrey Eduardovich Melguy. "Accounting of goods in pharmacies." Buhuchet v zdravoohranenii (Accounting in Healthcare), no. 12 (December 1, 2021): 6–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-17-2112-01.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Pharmacies belong to the category of wholesale and retail trade, but their goods are of high importance for the population, since they allow you to maintain or correct an important quality of a person — health. The implementation of operations for the movement of a wide range of medicines and medical products from suppliers through pharmacies to end-users at the same time differs in its similarity when reflected in the accounting process. Differences are observed in the approaches to setting a trade mark-up for each category of goods, depending on the frequency of purchases, or assigning them to a price segment. The exception to the rules for setting the price is vital medicines, for which the maximum price is set by the state. But the accounting of these pharmacy products also has the same mechanism as the goods without restrictions in the margin. In this case, the object of VAT taxation appears, the accounting of which has its own specifics, depending on the applicable tax regime.
9
GRECO, Anthony J. "A Concise History of United States Resale Price Maintenance Arrangements and its Current Status under State and Federal Laws." Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics 11, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jarle.v11.1(47).04.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Resale price maintenance (RPM), a form of vertical price fixing is the practice whereby manufacturers of brand-name or trademark goods stipulate and attempt to enforce minimum, maximum, or actual wholesale and retail prices of such goods as they progress through the distribution chain to the final consumers of said products.
10
Wang, Liang, Tingjia Xu, and Shi Zhu. "Supply Chain Decision-Making Based on Warehouse Receipt Pledge and Risk Consideration under Twice Ordering Mode." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2018 (July 30, 2018): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9310165.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper studies supply chain decisions making between the retailer, supplier, and bank based on warehouse receipt pledge and risk consideration under twice ordering mode. The decentralized supply chain and centralized supply chain are divided by whether the supplier provides repurchase guarantees and whether the retailer offers revenue sharing. We develop a Stackelberg game model to analyze the influential mechanism among various actors and use the method of downside risk control to discuss the bank’s expected loss and the optimal loan pledge ratio. We carry out a simulation analysis, and the result is shown as follows: (i) either for decentralized or centralized supply chain, the retailer’s optimal order quantity and the optimal proportion that the number of goods pledged by the retailer’s twice ordering accounts for the number of first-ordering goods are all unique; (ii) the bank’s loan pledge ratio is a monotonically increasing function of disposal value of the unit remaining commodity; (iii) for centralized supply chain, the bank’s loan pledge ratio is the monotonically increasing function of repurchase ratio and wholesale price provided by the supplier, respectively; (iv) in the decentralized supply chain, the supplier’s return mainly comes from the wholesale revenue and is positively related to the wholesale volume and wholesale price; in the centralized supply chain, the supplier’s return is mainly from the retailer’s revenue sharing.
Дисертації з теми "Wholesale goods"
1
Wojakowska, Alma. "Köpbeteendet av impulsvaror inom partihandeln." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-19689.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose: The study aims to increase knowledge of dealers' purchasing behavior of impulse goods in wholesale trade. Methodology: An exploratory survey method has been selected in order to investigate the relatively unexplored topic; buyer behavior of impulse goods in the wholesale. Data has been collected through interview of 27 dealers that conduct business with bulk confectionery sales across Sweden. A semi-structured interview technique has been selected, with a predetermined interview schedule but with space for follow-up questions and discussion. Conclusion: The background to this work argued that there is not much research on how retailers reasons when buying convenience products, or also called as impulse items. It is usually the sale of goods such as several of the informants believe is critical to their business existence. Impulse goods which do not require any effort, has little search time and usually are cheap and suits many customers pockets. It was therefore of interest to investigate whether the retailer is acting as their customers when they buy in bulk confectionery, which separated this study and considered to be an impulse to be, by definition, from wholesalers like Axfood Närlivs. What are the factors they take into consideration when choosing a product? How do they reflect on price, quality, delivery, access and communication with the wholesaler?
2
Tilson, Vera. "Three essays in operations." online version, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=case1147968123.
Повний текст джерела
3
Антоненко, Вадим Васильович. "Веб-застосунок роздрібного розподілу оптових закупівель". Bachelor's thesis, КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського, 2020. https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/40945.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Проєкт містить 73 с. тексту, 34 рисунки, 4 таблиці, посилання на 19 літературних джерел та 5 конструкторських документів.
Об’єктом дослідження є здійснення роздрібного продажу товарів , які пропонуються партіями та розподіляються за бажанням покупців.
Мета розробки полягає у задоволені потреб середньостатистичних громадян у роздрібному придбанні товарів, різних категорій, за цінами нижчими ринкових. Також, надати новий канал збуту продукції оптовим продавцям та виробникам.
У дипломному проєкті розроблено механізм поширення товарів від виробників, або оптових продавців до кінцевих споживачів, уникаючи підприємств роздрібної торгівлі, що дозволяє суттєво економити кошти при купівлі товарів, які не користуються попитом. Веб-застосунок роздрібного розподілу оптових закупівель складається з трьох частин: клієнтської серверної та бази даних. Всі вони розроблені з використанням актуальних та надійних програмних інструментів, що дозволяє масштабувати та удосконалювати розробку.
Отримані результати під час праці над дипломним проєктом, можуть бути використанні у розробці подібної системи міжнародного рівня та з більшим набором представлених товарів.The project contains 73 pages. text, 34 figures, 4 tables, links to 19 literary sources and 5 design documents. The object of development is the process of distribution of wholesale goods. The purpose of the development – reduction of prices for categories of goods that are not in demand among a large number of people. A mechanism for the distribution of goods from manufacturers or wholesalers to end consumers, avoiding retail businesses, which allows you to save significantly when buying goods that are not in demand was developed with diploma project. The web application of retail distribution of wholesale purchases consists of three parts: the client server and the database. They are all designed using up-to-date and reliable software tools that allow you to scale and improve development. The results obtained during the work on the diploma project can be used in the development of a similar system on international level and with a larger set of presented products.
4
Fastenrath, Heike. "Investigating the potential transfer of the efficient-consumer-response-model from the fast-moving-consumer-goods into pharmaceutical wholesale business in Germany." Thesis, University of Gloucestershire, 2016. http://eprints.glos.ac.uk/4417/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim of the research is to evaluate the possibility of transferring the Efficient Consumer Response (ECR) model developed in the Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) sector into the pharmaceutical sector and to propose an adapted model for the German market. The German pharmaceutical market is consolidating distribution channels and demand power is shifting towards pharmacies (Hofmann, 2013a). The manufacturers` aim for differentiation requires being closer to patients and pharmacists. Therefore, they increasingly do business directly with pharmacies (Insight Health, 2013). Wholesalers are caught between the strong supply power of manufacturers and increasing demand power of pharmacies (Hofmann, 2013b). Exploratory research was undertaken using the case study method to consider how the ECR model from FMCG can be adapted for the pharmaceutical wholesale business. A single case study was considered as different wholesalers would not participate due to their competitive market and because I am an employee of the case company (Celesio AG). The study was conducted in the German subsidiary (GEHE Pharma). Semi structured interviews with key account managers from FMCG and pharmaceutical manufacturers, Celesio AG management board, GEHE Pharma management and retail pharmacists were conducted. Additional data were generated linked to participative observation during manufacturer meetings between GEHE Pharma and pharmaceutical manufacturers, as well as from secondary and internal documentary material. Findings suggest that several similarities between the FMCG market and the pharmaceutical market exist. No aspect was found which would not allow implementing ECR principles into the pharmaceutical market in Germany. The model is adapted according to the research findings. The adjusted model considers that the pharmaceutical market shows more complexity in terms of the market actors. In this market three main participants exist: pharmaceutical manufacturers, pharmaceutical wholesalers and retail pharmacists. Whereas in the FMCG market the ECR model incorporates the relationship directly between FMCG manufacturers and grocery retailers; no wholesaler is considered in that model. Therefore, the adapted model needs some adjustments for the pharmaceutical wholesale market, which are presented in the research. Furthermore, the research delivers evidence that the ECR model is not static and can be adjusted in terms of the number of participants, content and different dimensions in the relationship between different stakeholders and can, therefore, also be implemented in other industries. exist: pharmaceutical manufacturers, pharmaceutical wholesalers and retail pharmacists. Whereas in the FMCG market the ECR model incorporates the relationship directly between FMCG manufacturers and grocery retailers; no wholesaler is considered in that model. Therefore, the adapted model needs some adjustments for the pharmaceutical wholesale market, which are presented in the research. Furthermore, the research delivers evidence that the ECR model is not static and can be adjusted in terms of the number of participants, content and different dimensions in the relationship between different stakeholders and can, therefore, also be implemented in other industries.
5
Минзул, Д. О. "Облік та контроль товарних операцій (на прикладі ТОВ «Цетрейдінг»)". Thesis, Одеський національний економічний університет, 2021. http://local.lib/diploma/Mynzul.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Доступ до роботи тільки на території бібліотеки ОНЕУ, для переходу натисніть на посилання нижчеУ роботі розглядаються теоретичні та практичні аспекти обліку та контролю товарних операцій в оптовій торгівлі. Проаналізовано основні показники діяльності підприємства, системи обліку та внутрішнього контролю операцій обліку товарів в оптовій торгівлі на підприємстві ТОВ «Цетрейдінг». Запропоновано шляхи удосконалення аналітичного обліку, документообігу щодо товарних операцій, шляхи вдосконалення внутрішнього контролю на ТОВ «Цетрейдінг».
The work deals with the theoretical and practice aspects of accounting and control of commodity transactions in wholesale trade. Author analysis the main indicators of the enterprise, the system of accounting and internal control of commodity transactions in wholesale trade at the enterprise «TSETRADING» LLC. Author offers Ways to improve analytical accounting, document flow for commodity transactions, ways to improve internal control.
6
Catalán, Lapesa Joaquín. "La distribución farmacéutica. Evolución histórica, tendencias de futuro y comercio colaborativo." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672751.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Puede afirmarse que el sector farmacéutico no ha entrado en una época de cambios, sino que lleva sumergido durante las últimas dos décadas en un cambio de época. Entre los agentes del sector sanitario, así como a nivel de la sociedad en general entendemos que existe la necesidad de aumentar el conocimiento y conciencia del papel que juega el sector de la distribución farmacéutica. Las características principales de este sector son la consolidación, globalización y concentración de empresas en el mercado de la distribución; las fuertes inversiones en innovación tecnológica aplicada a la logística y a la implantación y mejora de sistemas de información; la diversificación a través de la ampliación de la oferta de servicios hacia la orientación al cliente y el valor añadido con un impacto económico, sanitario y social; la contribución al sistema sanitario en términos de servicio, calidad y reducción de costes debida a la paulatina reducción del mercado financiado por los Sistemas Nacionales de Salud a nivel europeo; el incremento del e-commerce de productos farmacéuticos a nivel mundial; las relaciones “históricamente mejorables” entre los laboratorios farmacéuticos y los mayoristas farmacéuticos en el control de la cadena de distribución de medicamentos y la contribución al sistema sanitario en términos de economías de escala, alcance y mejoras de eficiencia.
El objeto de la presente tesis doctoral es el análisis de la distribución farmacéutica a nivel nacional e internacional, contemplando una serie de perspectivas sobre la organización del sector, la legislación nacional y europea, así como el posible impacto del incremento del comercio colaborativo empresarial y sus principios reguladores, en la eficiencia del sector y la relación entre los agentes intervinientes en la cadena de suministro y de valor farmacéutica.Es pot afirmar que el sector farmacèutic no ha entrat en una època de canvis, sinó que porta submergit durant les darreres dues dècades en un canvi d'època. Entre els agents del sector sanitari, així com a nivell de la societat en general entenem que existeix la necessitat d'augmentar el coneixement i consciència del paper que juga el sector de la distribució farmacèutica. Les característiques principals d'aquest sector són la consolidació, globalització i concentració d'empreses en el mercat de la distribució; les fortes inversions en innovació tecnològica aplicada a la logística i de la implantació i millora de sistemes d'informació; la diversificació a través de l'ampliació de l'oferta de serveis cap a l'orientació al client i el valor afegit amb un impacte econòmic, sanitari i social; la contribució al sistema sanitari en termes de servei, qualitat i reducció de costos a causa de la gradual reducció del mercat finançat pels Sistemes Nacionals de Salut a nivell europeu; l'increment de l'e- commerce de productes farmacèutics a nivell mundial; les relacions "històricament millorables" entre els laboratoris farmacèutics i els majoristes farmacèutics en el control de la cadena de distribució de medicaments i la contribució al sistema sanitari en termes d'economies d'escala, abast i millores d'eficiència. L'objecte de la present tesi doctoral és l'anàlisi de la distribució farmacèutica a nivell nacional i internacional, contemplant una sèrie de perspectives sobre l'organització del sector, la legislació nacional i europea, així com el possible impacte de l'increment del comerç col·laboratiu empresarial i els seus principis reguladors, en l'eficiència del sector i la relació entre els agents que intervenen en la cadena de subministrament i de valor farmacèutica.
It can be said that the pharmaceutical sector has not entered into a time of change, but has been submerged for the last two decades in a change of era. Among the agents of the health sector, as well as at the level of society in general, we understand that there is a need to increase knowledge and awareness of the role played by the pharmaceutical distribution sector. The main characteristics of this sector are the consolidation, globalization and concentration of companies in the distribution market; strong investments in technological innovation applied to logistics and the implementation and improvement of information systems; diversification through an increase of services offfered towards customer orientation and added value with an economic, health and social impact; the contribution to the health system in terms of service, quality and cost reduction due to the gradual reduction of the market financed by the National Health Systems at the European level; the worldwide increase in e-commerce of pharmaceutical products; the “improvable” relationships between pharmaceutical laboratories and pharmaceutical wholesalers in the control of the pharmaceutical distribution chain and the contribution to the health system in terms of economies of scale, scope and efficiency improvements. The purpose of this doctoral thesis is the analysis of pharmaceutical distribution at a national and international level, considering a series of perspectives on the organization of the sector, the national and European legislation, as well as the potential impact in the efficiency of the sector and the relationship between the agents involved in the pharmaceutical supply and value chain of the increase in business collaboration based on its regulatory principles.
7
Vrbová, Jana. "Tvorba a řízení hodnoty v obchodních řetězcích." Doctoral thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-163052.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis ?Value generation and management in retail/whole chains? was started with intention to offer enhanced theoretical basis for research in this area, that is still represented insufficiently in comparison to importance of retail/whole chains in whole economy. Additionally the practical inconsistency between trading rules demostrated to customers and trading partners of chains (including visible behaviour of chains) and value driving variables bears interest. The thesis targets following: search and indication of potential value drivers (value affecting variables) of retail/wholesale chains description of such value affecting variables, testing of relevance of such value affecting variables synthesis of description and relevance (importance) gives recommendations and measures for value creation in these chains Based on analysis of external conditions and internal sources were identified following value generating areas: strategy of retail/wholesale chain growing from internal source of competitive advantage ? strategical differentiation, issue of expansion (understood both as strategical variable - potential competitive advantage, and external threat of concentration value creating variables of core business of retail/wholesale chain: price strategy managing of liquidity stabilization of operating profit in condition of fluctuation sales
8
Malema, Mmatholo Blantina. "Factors impacting the efficiency of the distribution of finished goods to multiple customers at a fast-moving consumer goods company." Thesis, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/10539/29056.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A Research Report submitted to the Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, University of the Witwatersrand, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Engineering, October 2019Today, an organisation’s successful operations and bottom line is impacted by logistics management. Effectively organized logistics can help reduce costs and time spent to move products from one point to another. According to KPMG (2016) FMCG is characterised by companies that supply low-cost products that are in constant high demand. These products include food, beverages, personal hygiene and household cleaning utensils (KPMG, 2016). Due to complexity and customer requirements in the FMCG industry, the final part of transporting goods to customers is a very inefficient and highly expensive part of logistics. FMCG companies, thus, face high transport costs and inefficiencies in the distribution of finished goods to customers. The aim of this research was to identify the factors impacting the efficiency of the distribution of finished goods to multiple customers at an FMCG company. Nine valid interviews were used for data analysis. Interviews were transcribed and hand coded into themes to identify the factors. Secondary data was analysed from the company’s database using Microsoft Excel. Seven factors that impact the efficiency of the distribution of finished goods to multiple customers were identified. These included minimum order quantity and full truck loads, planning and process, resource management, inventory management replenishment, supply network, delivery frequency, truck turnaround time and booking slot.
PH2020
9
Pong, Hsin-Liang, and 彭信良. "A Study on the Consumer Goods Wholesale Distribution in China ─ The Case of Shoes Industrial In Individual Business System." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/94578535040572080602.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士靜宜大學
企業管理學系
88
China market attracts a huge number of companies in the whole world. These companies desire to know how to develop their wholesale business in socialism China. This research takes the shoes wholesale business as an example to understand wholesale distributions of all other consumer goods in China. China has not yet completely opened its market, only thirty-five large or midden-sized cities have started the distribution of consumer goods under a testing basis. It is expected that the market will be open even further and in faster pace when China becomes a member of World Trade Organization (WTO). This research is to understand the basis of the wholesale distribution system in China under the legal constraints. From the viewpoint of wholesale distribution, China could be partitioned into seven market regions. The current situations of private shoes wholesale business in China and their problems are studied in four issues: marketing, physical distribution, monetary flow, and information flow. Some suggestions are raised for improvement. Ad-and disadvantages are listed in reference to possible directions of future develop plans.
10
KUČERA, Kamil. "Analýza logistického systému a jeho optimalizace ve firmě LIP distribution s.r.o." Master's thesis, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-44853.
Повний текст джерелаКниги з теми "Wholesale goods"
1
Zamkovskiĭ, D. I͡A. Optovai͡a torgovli͡a neprodovolʹstvennymi tovarami. Moskva: "Ėkonomika", 1988.
Знайти повний текст джерела
2
Zeijden, P. Th. van der. Groothandel en logistieke dienstverleners: Partner of concurrent? Zoetermeer: Economische Instituut voor het Midden- en Kleinbedrijf, 1991.
Знайти повний текст джерела
3
Kaigisho, Tōkyō Shōkō. Tonai chūshō oroshiurigyō o chūshin to shita butsuryū kōritsuka ni kansuru hōkokusho. [Tokyo]: Tōkyō Shōkō Kaigisho, 1994.
Знайти повний текст джерела
4
Gahrens, Norbert. Die Ökonomisierung der Warendistribution durch zwischenbetriebliche Kooperationen. Göttingen: O. Schwartz, 1990.
Знайти повний текст джерела
5
M. H. Langenberg-Van der Klauw. Actieradius en fysieke distributie van de groothandel in consumptiegoederen. Zoetermeer: EIM/Groothandelsonderzoek, 1992.
Знайти повний текст джерела
6
Ziehe, Nikola. Einzelhandel und Verkehrspolitik: Eine empirische Analyse der Bedeutung von Erreichbarkeit und Attraktivität für die Zentrenwahl der Verbraucher : mit 87 Abbildungen. Stuttgart: Kohlhammer, 1998.
Знайти повний текст джерела
7
Geeseman, Peggy. American wholesalers and distributors directory [2009]: A comprehensive guide offering industry details on over 28,000 wholesalers and distributors in the United States. Detroit, Mich: Gale Cengage Learning, 2009.
Знайти повний текст джерела
8
Industrial safety and health for goods and materials services. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2009.
Знайти повний текст джерела
9
Entwicklung eines Decision Support Systems für die Sortiments- und Distributionsplanung in Grosshandelsunternehmen. Frankfurt am Main: P. Lang, 1993.
Знайти повний текст джерела
10
Chūshō Kigyō Jigyōdan (Japan). Chūshō Kigyō Kenkyūjo. Kyōdōka ni yoru chūshō oroshiurigyō no butsuryū kinō kyōka ni kansuru kenkyū: Shōwa 62-nendo. Tōkyō: Chūshō Kigyō Jigyōdan Chūshō Kigyō Daigakkō Chūshō Kigyō Kenkyūjo, 1988.
Знайти повний текст джерелаЧастини книг з теми "Wholesale goods"
1
Seufert, Bernd. "Managing Retail and Wholesale Business by Performance Indicators." In Performance Management in Retail and the Consumer Goods Industry, 85–99. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12730-5_6.
Повний текст джерела
2
Rosa, Arthur Antonio Silva, Etienne Cardoso Abdala, and Luciana Oranges Cezarino. "Sustainable Practices and the Relationship with Suppliers in SSCM: A Case Study in Wholesale." In Operations Management for Social Good, 1131–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23816-2_112.
Повний текст джерела
3
Dinther, Clemens van, Christoph M. Flath, Johannes Gaerttner, Julian Huber, Esther Mengelkamp, Alexander Schuller, Philipp Staudt, and Anke Weidlich. "Engineering Energy Markets: The Past, the Present, and the Future." In Market Engineering, 113–34. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66661-3_7.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractSince the beginning of the energy sector liberalization, the design of energy markets has become a prominent field of research. Markets nowadays facilitate efficient resource allocation in many fields of energy system operation, such as plant dispatch, control reserve provisioning, delimitation of related carbon emissions, grid congestion management, and, more recently, smart grid concepts and local energy trading. Therefore, good market designs play an important role in enabling the energy transition toward a more sustainable energy supply for all. In this chapter, we retrace how market engineering shaped the development of energy markets and how the research focus shifted from national wholesale markets to more decentralized and location-sensitive concepts.
4
"Wholesale Trade." In Industrial Safety and Health for Goods and Materials Services, 35–46. CRC Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420053791-5.
Повний текст джерела
5
De Vries, Jan. "The Industrious Revolution and Economic Growth, 1650–1830." In The Economic Future in Historical Perspective. British Academy, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197263471.003.0002.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter examines the scope and intensity of productive labour and its relationship to consumer aspirations. It demonstrates that changes in consumption demands play a role in the process of industrialization. The first ‘industrious revolution’ within the household sector reinforced significant changes in business organization, affecting both the international wholesale trade and the retail provision of goods. This phenomenon paved the way for the Industrial Revolution, which was advanced by new technologies and changes in organization.
6
Naumann, Stefan. "Information Systems for Co-Operative Procurement of Organic Food as a Basis for Decentralised Eco-Villages." In Information Systems for Sustainable Development, 243–59. IGI Global, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59140-342-5.ch015.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this chapter we describe the “eFood-Coop” software system that supports an eco-community in ordering, purchasing and delivering organic products such as food, clean construction material and so forth. In addition, offering services and hiring or lending goods such as tools and so forth can be supported. Besides presenting products, the software supports communication and co-operation among the members/consumers. This promotes a sustainable economy locally and makes it possible to order organic food at wholesale (which requires collecting single orders to exceed the minimum order quantities required to obtain wholesale sales units). Thus, it is one essential contribution to a decentralised eco-village structure, where several hundred people consider themselves as inhabitants of a virtual village. This village is spread over a limited area with a diameter of about 20-30 miles. The local restriction is necessary because otherwise material flows would be too extensive and maintaining social bindings would be more difficult.
7
Hilson, Mary. "Nordisk Andelsforbund (NAF), co-operative trade and Nordic co-operation during the interwar period." In The International Co-operative Alliance and the consumer co-operative movement in northern Europe, c. 1860-1939. Manchester University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9781526100801.003.0005.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
For the vast majority of men and women who joined co-operative societies and used their services, co-operation was ultimately about goods - especially daily staples such as tea, coffee, bread, flour, sugar. The co-operative movement inherited the liberal internationalist belief that trade between nations was the best means to guarantee peace and after 1918 many in the movement continued to defend the principle of free trade, while also arguing however for a new vision of international trade organised on co-operative, rather than competitive principles. The challenge for co-operators was to put this vision into practice. Attempts to establish an International Co-operative Wholesale Society (ICWS) under the auspices of the ICA proved difficult, but there was one conspicuous success in international co-operative trading, namely the Nordic Co-operative Wholesale (NAF), founded in 1918. The NAF was often cited in the ICA as a model, but attempts to emulate it were largely unsuccessful. The chapter considers why this was the case and what it can tell us about relations between different co-operative organisations.
8
Wuthnow, Robert. "Worked as a Huckster." In American Misfits and the Making of Middle-Class Respectability. Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691176864.003.0003.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter focuses on hucksters who peddled farm produce in towns, brought town goods to farms, in the nineteenth century. The social role of the huckster offers an exceptional opportunity to probe the moral ambiguities of American culture as the nation transitioned from an agrarian to an urban economy. In simplest terms, hucksters occupied a liminal space that was neither fully rural nor fully urban, connecting the two as they passed goods from one to the other. They served as a significant commercial link antecedent to the establishment of large-scale wholesale and retail markets. As important as this role was economically, its cultural significance was equally important. By their own account and in the many accounts that contemporaries gave of them, hucksters transgressed familiar occupational and spatial categories and in so doing dramatized both in negation and in affirmation the shifting meaning of those categories.
9
Tambo, Torben, and Ole Egebjerg Mikkelsen. "Fashion Supply Chain Optimization." In Designing and Implementing Global Supply Chain Management, 1–21. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-9720-1.ch001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In global, short-life-cycle supply chains, the Make-to-Order (MTO) principle of purchasing is dominant in securing the match between customers' commitment and ordered goods. Risk can be addressed by linking knowledge on inbound logistics to the market by use of e-business solutions. This chapter describes a multi-method approach using both traditional B2B and B2C methods of sales initiatives as an e-business system connecting inbound and outbound supply chains. Initiatives can be reverse auctions, time limited discounts, co-selling, bundling, short campaigns supported with letters, e-mails, giveaways, discount schemes, and payment conditions. Interlinking is to secure full transparency at any given point in time. The discussed solution has the potential of diverting goods to retailers instead of warehouses with the probable effect of increasing revenue of both wholesale and retail with 5 – 10%. Concurrently, the attention created from selling on-ship creates side effects like higher store replenishment rate and attracts frequent shoppers interested in continuously new offerings.
10
Dickson, David. "Workshop, Warehouse and the Primacy of Dublin." In The First Irish Cities, 95–119. Yale University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300229462.003.0006.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter highlights Dublin's commercial primacy and its status as a great pre-industrial manufacturing city. The chapter explores how Dublin became the country's principal port of entry for fine cloth, metal goods, and emerged as the national warehouse for imports. It reviews Dublin's contribution to customs revenue between 1615 and 1619 and the city's success in cornering the wholesale market in high-value imports. Being the principal high-value warehouse in the country brought about Dublin's transition to being the national workshop for luxury and quality goods — not the only such location, but the dominant one for more than a century. The chapter also discusses the expansion of the guild membership in Dublin, noting that the renaissance of Dublin's guilds in the seventeenth century was an enabling factor in the city's rapid development as a manufacturing hub. Ultimately, the chapter elaborates the growth of the apparatus of government and the arrival in the city of large numbers of upper-class families.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Wholesale goods"
1
Antić, Slobodan. "Responding to the Impact of the COVID-19 on Food Value Chains – Case of Industry Practice." In XV. International Conference on Logistics in Agriculture 2021. University of Maribor Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/978-961-286-538-2.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Supply chain operations in food value chains includes all logistics activities that enable the flow of agriculture inputs, outputs, and agriculture-related services, such as transportation, warehousing, procurement, packaging and inventory management. The efficacy of logistics is critical for the agri-food sector, in particular in times of crisis. Disruptions can cause adverse impacts on the quality of food, freshness, its safety, and can impede access to markets and affordability. The COVID-19 pandemic caused that the governments around the world implemented different measures, including a reduction in the transportation of goods (ground, ocean freight and air freight), as well as migration of labour domestically and internationally. In order to stop the transmission of the disease workers are less available in transportation systems because restrictions across borders. These issues induce disruptions in the logistics of the food supply chains. The contemporary business environment in COVID-19 pandemic environment imposes an increased need for the development of decision-support tools. The Shadow IT solution will be described on the example of the inventory control model for frozen fruit wholesale, implemented as a spreadsheet application.
2
Aiello, Mariateresa. "Self-Storage Cities: A New Typology of (Sub)Urban Enclave." In 2016 ACSA International Conference. ACSA Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.intl.2016.23.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the periphery, arrays of self-storage facilities are part of the light industrial landscape of warehouses and ex-urban alienation. Within the urban fabric, storage buildings represent both container and camouflage architecture, and are perfect examples of what Professor Crawford calls “background buildings.”1 Self-storage facilities are an architectural typology worthy of study, and not only for their growing impact on the city and suburban sprawl, or for the uncanny ability to mimic other design typologies and adapt to the target market. They can be examined in terms of building type and construction methods. From the economic point of view, storage facilitiesare compelling: they are a by-product of shopping/goods architecture, consumerism and planned obsolescence. They embody currently popular issues of surplus and clutter/hoarding. The issue of “material excess” becomes an (ex) urban pathology, endemic to a culture of wholesale commerce and warehouse buying experiences. The clutter culture can be mapped and becomes tangible in the form of the “country of storage facilities”, a veritable document to “stuff obesity”. The current rise of self-storage facilities is also a physical reminder of the consequence of changes in social and living conditions. How do we, as architects and urban designers, confront the typology of the self-storage facility and the new urban/exurban enclaves that these commercial containers of space have created? How can we better understand the nature of the singularly camouflaged “housing of stuff” often found in the downtowns of second-tier U.S cities? The content of these buildings, the “user”if you wish, is constituted entirely of stuff we cannotor do not wish to fit in our homes. What is it that we store, and why?
3
Flarend, Richard. "Solar Net Metering Increases Utility-Supplier Profit Margins." In ASME 2016 10th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2016 Power Conference and the ASME 2016 14th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2016-59425.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Net metering is an incentive that is essential to most solar photovoltaic systems. Recently the burden placed upon local utilities is an issue some regulators have been asked to address. This research uses actual 2013 and 2014 solar production data from nearly 200 sites, wholesale electricity day-ahead pricing data, and utility-wide demand data. This is all analyzed by the hour for two full years for a western Pennsylvania based utility and an eastern Pennsylvania based utility and their wholesale generators. Results show electricity is 15% more valuable when solar PV systems are generating power and feeding the grid during good weather conditions than at night or cloudy days when solar customers get energy back from the grid. Solar energy generation is highly predictable in the day-ahead market, and leads to suppression in market prices for electricity. Thus to reveal the true impact of this market suppression, an increased solar renewable portfolio standard (RPS) fraction of 0.2 to 10% was simulated. This caused a decrease in demand resulting in a corresponding reduction in the price of electricity yielding savings to the utility. The maximum rate of increase and decrease in the utility-wide load did not change significantly until the solar RPS exceeded 5%. Additionally, the demand for electricity was reduced during the highest load hours of the year that corresponded to the most expensive hours of the year. The minimum base-load of the year was decreased substantially for solar RPS of 5% or greater and the base load reaches zero for solar RPS over 10%. From the data of these two years, it is demonstrated that an increased use of solar energy would lead to savings that are larger than the loss in revenue due to having fewer traditional non-solar customers. Thus electricity suppliers and utilities stand to have both higher profits and higher profit margins when customers adopt net-metered solar energy compared to the non-adoption of solar energy.
4
Chowdhury, Moinul Morshed Porag, Christopher Kiekintveld, Son Tran, and William Yeoh. "Bidding in Periodic Double Auctions Using Heuristics and Dynamic Monte Carlo Tree Search." In Twenty-Seventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-18}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2018/23.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In a Periodic Double Auction (PDA), there are multiple discrete trading periods for a single type of good. PDAs are commonly used in real-world energy markets to trade energy in specific time slots to balance demand on the power grid. Strategically, bidding in a PDA is complicated because the bidder must predict and plan for future auctions that may influence the bidding strategy for the current auction. We present a general bidding strategy for PDAs based on forecasting clearing prices and using Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) to plan a bidding strategy across multiple time periods. In addition, we present a fast heuristic strategy that can be used either as a standalone method or as an initial set of bids to seed the MCTS policy. We evaluate our bidding strategies using a PDA simulator based on the wholesale market implemented in the Power Trading Agent Competition (PowerTAC) competition. We demonstrate that our strategies outperform state-of-the-art bidding strategies designed for that competition.
5
Saad, Safari, Alzakri Ekhwan, and Syed M. Hafiz Al-Idrus. "Bolted Flange Joint Integrity Digitalization Programme for Sustainable Flange Leak Free Operation." In Offshore Technology Conference Asia. OTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/31587-ms.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Loss Of Primary Containment (LOPC) due to hydrocarbon leakage from bolted flange joint has always been one of the main issues that leads to catastrophic fire and explosion in operating platforms and plants. Oil and gas companies have been putting many efforts to reduce Health, Safety and Environment (HSE) incidences due to the flange joint integrity issues. PETRONAS, which operates many oil and gas platforms, has also made series of improvement in lesson learnt and enhanced best practices to find a wholesome solution to achieve sustainable zero hydrocarbon leak from bolted flange joint. Loss Of Primary Containment (LOPC) due to hydrocarbon leakage from bolted flange joint is one of major concerns in oil and gas industry, which may cause catastrophic fire and explosion at platforms and plants. Bolted Flange Joint Integrity (BFJI) digitalization program is designed to emphasize on end-to-end digital solution addressing three main important aspects towards sustainable flange leak free operation that included correct design and specification, good quality flange joint components and correct work execution.
Звіти організацій з теми "Wholesale goods"
1
Short, Samuel, Bernhard Strauss, and Pantea Lotfian. Food in the digital platform economy – making sense of a dynamic ecosystem. Food Standards Agency, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.jbr429.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The food services sector has been evolving rapidly over the past decade, accelerated by the Covid-19 pandemic. The traditional linear model of food producers selling through wholesalers to brick and mortar retailers, restaurants and hospitality venues is increasingly being displaced by complex interactive digital ecosystems of online food services providers. Consumers are increasingly able to access food directly at various stages along the traditional value chain via interaction with digital platforms and rapid home-delivery networks, realising greater convenience, more variety in food products and services from a dynamic start-up scene, and overall enhanced value. FSA needs to stay abreast of these changes and develop regulatory responses to ensure these innovations are aligned with the public good and do not compromise food safety and public health.
2
Poverenov, Elena, Tara McHugh, and Victor Rodov. Waste to Worth: Active antimicrobial and health-beneficial food coating from byproducts of mushroom industry. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7600015.bard.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background. In this proposal we suggest developing a common solution for three seemingly unrelated acute problems: (1) improving sustainability of fast-growing mushroom industry producing worldwide millions of tons of underutilized leftovers; (2) alleviating the epidemic of vitamin D deficiency adversely affecting the public health in both countries and in other regions; (3) reducing spoilage of perishable fruit and vegetable products leading to food wastage. Based on our previous experience we propose utilizing appropriately processed mushroom byproducts as a source of two valuable bioactive materials: antimicrobial and wholesome polysaccharide chitosan and health-strengthening nutrient ergocalciferol⁽ᵛⁱᵗᵃᵐⁱⁿ ᴰ2⁾. ᴬᵈᵈⁱᵗⁱᵒⁿᵃˡ ᵇᵉⁿᵉᶠⁱᵗ ᵒᶠ ᵗʰᵉˢᵉ ᵐᵃᵗᵉʳⁱᵃˡˢ ⁱˢ ᵗʰᵉⁱʳ ᵒʳⁱᵍⁱⁿ ᶠʳᵒᵐ ⁿᵒⁿ⁻ᵃⁿⁱᵐᵃˡ ᶠᵒᵒᵈ⁻ᵍʳᵃᵈᵉ source. We proposed using chitosan and vitamin D as ingredients in active edible coatings on two model foods: highly perishable fresh-cut melon and less perishable health bars. Objectives and work program. The general aim of the project is improving storability, safety and health value of foods by developing and applying a novel active edible coating based on utilization of mushroom industry leftovers. The work plan includes the following tasks: (a) optimizing the UV-B treatment of mushroom leftover stalks to enrich them with vitamin D without compromising chitosan quality - Done; (b) developing effective extraction procedures to yield chitosan and vitamin D from the stalks - Done; (c) utilizing LbL approach to prepare fungal chitosan-based edible coatings with optimal properties - Done; (d) enrichment of the coating matrix with fungal vitamin D utilizing molecular encapsulation and nano-encapsulation approaches - Done, it was found that no encapsulation methods are needed to enrich chitosan matrix with vitamin D; (e) testing the performance of the coating for controlling spoilage of fresh cut melons - Done; (f) testing the performance of the coating for nutritional enhancement and quality preservation of heath bars - Done. Achievements. In this study numerous results were achieved. Mushroom waste, leftover stalks, was treated ʷⁱᵗʰ ᵁⱽ⁻ᴮ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ᵃⁿᵈ ᵗʳᵉᵃᵗᵐᵉⁿᵗ ⁱⁿᵈᵘᶜᵉˢ ᵃ ᵛᵉʳʸ ʰⁱᵍʰ ᵃᶜᶜᵘᵐᵘˡᵃᵗⁱᵒⁿ ᵒᶠ ᵛⁱᵗᵃᵐⁱⁿ ᴰ2, ᶠᵃʳ ᵉˣᶜᵉᵉᵈⁱⁿᵍ any other dietary vitamin D source. The straightforward vitamin D extraction procedure and ᵃ ˢⁱᵐᵖˡⁱᶠⁱᵉᵈ ᵃⁿᵃˡʸᵗⁱᶜᵃˡ ᵖʳᵒᵗᵒᶜᵒˡ ᶠᵒʳ ᵗⁱᵐᵉ⁻ᵉᶠᶠⁱᶜⁱᵉⁿᵗ ᵈᵉᵗᵉʳᵐⁱⁿᵃᵗⁱᵒⁿ ᵒᶠ ᵗʰᵉ ᵛⁱᵗᵃᵐⁱⁿ ᴰ2 ᶜᵒⁿᵗᵉⁿᵗ suitable for routine product quality control were developed. Concerning the fungal chitosan extraction, new freeze-thawing protocol was developed, tested on three different mushroom sources and compared to the classic protocol. The new protocol resulted in up to 2-fold increase in the obtained chitosan yield, up to 3-fold increase in its deacetylation degree, high whitening index and good antimicrobial activity. The fungal chitosan films enriched with Vitamin D were prepared and compared to the films based on animal origin chitosan demonstrating similar density, porosity and water vapor permeability. Layer-by-layer chitosan-alginate electrostatic deposition was used to coat fruit bars. The coatings helped to preserve the quality and increase the shelf-life of fruit bars, delaying degradation of ascorbic acid and antioxidant capacity loss as well as reducing bar softening. Microbiological analyses also showed a delay in yeast and fungal growth when compared with single layer coatings of fungal or animal chitosan or alginate. Edible coatings were also applied on fresh-cut melons and provided significant improvement of physiological quality (firmness, weight ˡᵒˢˢ⁾, ᵐⁱᶜʳᵒᵇⁱᵃˡ ˢᵃᶠᵉᵗʸ ⁽ᵇᵃᶜᵗᵉʳⁱᵃ, ᵐᵒˡᵈ, ʸᵉᵃˢᵗ⁾, ⁿᵒʳᵐᵃˡ ʳᵉˢᵖⁱʳᵃᵗⁱᵒⁿ ᵖʳᵒᶜᵉˢˢ ⁽Cᴼ2, ᴼ²⁾ ᵃⁿᵈ ᵈⁱᵈ not cause off-flavor (EtOH). It was also found that the performance of edible coating from fungal stalk leftovers does not concede to the chitosan coatings sourced from animal or good quality mushrooms. Implications. The proposal helped attaining triple benefit: valorization of mushroom industry byproducts; improving public health by fortification of food products with vitamin D from natural non-animal source; and reducing food wastage by using shelf- life-extending antimicrobial edible coatings. New observations with scientific impact were found. The program resulted in 5 research papers. Several effective and straightforward procedures that can be adopted by mushroom growers and food industries were developed. BARD Report - Project 4784
3
Analysis of price change on the perceptions and use of DMPA among clients using reproductive health services in Uttar Pradesh, India. Population Council, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh1998.1012.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Depo-medroxy Progesterone Acetate (DMPA) is a progesterone-only injectable contraceptive that has been approved by the Government of India for provision in the commercial sector, where it is marketed under the brand name Depo-Provera. In 1996, it was available at rates between Rs. 140 to Rs. 180 per injection. At this price it is often beyond the reach of many women wanting a safe and effective contraceptive. In January 1996, DMPA was provided to women in three cities of Uttar Pradesh through Parivar Seva Sanstha’s (PSS) clinics at Rs. 150. In July 1996, as part of operations research (OR), the price was reduced in Agra to Rs. 50, in Varanasi to Rs. 0, and Lucknow to Rs. 100. Information was collected for 18 months to understand how price influenced demand, perceptions, and use of DMPA among urban women in Uttar Pradesh. This report states that DMPA appears to be an acceptable, safe method of contraception when offered with good client counseling and follow-up. More effective availability of the product at an affordable wholesale price in India would meet the needs of potential clients and facilitate the financial sustainability of the service by PSS.