Готові списки джерел за темами / Whole brain imaging

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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Whole brain imaging"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 березня 2023

Оновлено: 11 березня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Whole brain imaging"

Jiang Tao, 江涛, 龚辉 Gong Hui, 骆清铭 Luo Qingming та 袁菁 Yuan Jing. "全脑显微光学成像". Chinese Journal of Lasers 50, № 3 (2023): 0307101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/cjl221247.

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Strack, Rita. "Whole-brain imaging with ExLLSM." Nature Methods 16, no. 3 (February 27, 2019): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41592-019-0336-8.

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Taranda, Julian, and Sevin Turcan. "3D Whole-Brain Imaging Approaches to Study Brain Tumors." Cancers 13, no. 8 (April 15, 2021): 1897. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13081897.

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Although our understanding of the two-dimensional state of brain tumors has greatly expanded, relatively little is known about their spatial structures. The interactions between tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME) occur in a three-dimensional (3D) space. This volumetric distribution is important for elucidating tumor biology and predicting and monitoring response to therapy. While static 2D imaging modalities have been critical to our understanding of these tumors, studies using 3D imaging modalities are needed to understand how malignant cells co-opt the host brain. Here we summarize the preclinical utility of in vivo imaging using two-photon microscopy in brain tumors and present ex vivo approaches (light-sheet fluorescence microscopy and serial two-photon tomography) and highlight their current and potential utility in neuro-oncology using data from solid tumors or pathological brain as examples.

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Huang, Raymond Y., and Alexander Lin. "Whole-Brain MR Spectroscopy Imaging of Brain Tumor Metabolites." Radiology 294, no. 3 (March 2020): 598–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2020192607.

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Cherry, Simon R. "Functional whole-brain imaging in behaving rodents." Nature Methods 8, no. 4 (March 30, 2011): 301–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nmeth0411-301.

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Vogt, Nina. "Unbiased, whole-brain imaging of neural circuits." Nature Methods 16, no. 2 (January 30, 2019): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41592-019-0313-2.

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Vogt, Nina. "Chromatic multiphoton imaging of the whole brain." Nature Methods 16, no. 6 (May 30, 2019): 459. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41592-019-0444-5.

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Sempeles, Susan. "Whole-Brain Mapping Enhanced by Automated Imaging." Journal of Clinical Engineering 37, no. 2 (2012): 36–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/jce.0b013e31824d8e8d.

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Offner, Thomas, Daniela Daume, Lukas Weiss, Thomas Hassenklöver, and Ivan Manzini. "Whole-Brain Calcium Imaging in Larval Xenopus." Cold Spring Harbor Protocols 2020, no. 12 (October 9, 2020): pdb.prot106815. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/pdb.prot106815.

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Hall, Håkan, Yasmin Hurd, Stefan Pauli, Christer Halldin, and Göran Sedvall. "Human brain imaging post-mortem - whole hemisphere technologies." International Review of Psychiatry 13, no. 1 (February 1, 2001): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540260020024141.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Whole brain imaging"

Riemer, F. "Quantitative whole brain sodium (²³Na) imaging." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2015. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1469279/.

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In this thesis, the challenges of establishing the very first human in vivo 23Na magnetic resonance imaging in the United Kingdom are presented. A comprehensive framework for quantitative human in vivo studies is established and translated for clinical research imaging. Quantitative measures to obtain the sodium bioscale using external calibrants are discussed and results from a scan re-scan reproducibility study on five healthy volunteers are presented. The protocol was subsequently used in a clinical research study and published by a clinical collaborator in a high impact journal. Improvements in acquisition are achieved by implementation and 23Na adapt- ation of the state of the art 3D-Cones pulse sequence. For evaluation, it is compared against more established 3D-radial k-space sampling schemes featuring cylindrical stack-of-stars (SOS) and 3D-spokes kooshball trajectories on five healthy volunteers in a clinical setting and numerical phantoms. Signal- to-noise ratio (SNR) as a measurement of sequence performance was compared between the sequences and the results are presented. The results were published in a special issue on X-nuclei imaging in the journal of Magnetic Resonance Materials in Physics, Biology and Medicine. The work was subsequently shortlisted and presented for the Young Investigator Awards at the annual meeting of the European Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine and Biology. Reconstruction improvements by means of sophisticated k-space weighting schemes are presented on numerical and in vivo data and its effects on image appearance, SNR and total tissue sodium concentration estimates are discussed. The work is currently in peer review for journal publication. A protocol for clinically feasible in vivo 23Na relaxometry measurements of the transverse relaxation time constant T2 is established and results for a range of anatomical white and grey matter locations is presented using both a bi-exponential two-component fit and an unrestricted continuous distribution model. The implications of the results on the underlying tissue sodium environment are discussed. This work has subsequently been presented at international conferences of the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine and European Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine and Biology and has been submitted for peer review as a journal publication. As a conclusion I discuss how the methods presented here can be used to obtain unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution in in vivo 23Na imaging at 3T. Preliminary results are presented.

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Krishnan, Nitya. "Multispectral segmentation of whole brain MRI." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2004. https://etd.wvu.edu/etd/controller.jsp?moduleName=documentdata&jsp%5FetdId=3753.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2004.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 89 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 56-59).

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Li, Jennifer Mengbo. "Identification of an Operant Learning Circuit by Whole Brain Functional Imaging in Larval Zebrafish." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11032.

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When confronted with changing environments, animals can generally adjust their behavior to optimize reward and minimize punishment. The process of modifying one's behavior based on its consequences is referred to as operant or instrumental learning. Operant learning makes specific demands on the animal. The animal must exhibit some flexibility in its behavior, switching from unsuccessful motor responses to potentially successful ones. The animal must represent the consequence of its actions. Finally, the animal must select the correct response based on its past history of reinforcement. Studies in mammalian systems have found competing and complementary circuits in the cortex and striatum that mediate different aspects of this learning process. The larval zebrafish is an ideal system to extend the study of operant learning due to its genetic and optical properties. We have developed a behavioral paradigm and imaging system that have allowed us to comprehensively image neural activity throughout the zebrafish brain during the process of operant conditioning. Our analysis of the neural network activity underlying this learning process reveals several classes of neurons whose activity correlates with learning and decision making. The distribution of these learning-related neurons is highly localized to regions of the habenula and forebrain. We describe, in particular, a lateralized habenula circuit that may encode prediction and relief prediction error.

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Horwood, Linda. "The magnetic resonance imaging-based assessment of whole-brain structural integrity in temporal lobe epilepsy." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21935.

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In temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), the most common pathological finding ipsilateral to the seizure focus is sclerosis of the hippocampus. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allows the in vivo assessment of brain abnormalities in TLE patients. This thesis presents the application of advanced MRI post-processing techniques in a cross-sectional study of TLE patients and healthy controls, exploring the pattern of atrophy in TLE. Methods include the automatic segmentation of lobar grey and white matter and limbic (cingulate, thalamus, and insula) structures and the manual segmentation of mesial temporal lobe structures (hippocampus, amygdala and entorhinal cortex). Results of quantitative imaging are evaluated with respect to clinical parameters (disease duration, history of febrile convulsions, generalized tonic-clonic seizures, postoperative outcome). The findings demonstrate volume losses both proximal and distal to the seizure focus, particularly implicating limbic structures. The results also indicate negative effects of hippocampal atrophy and a left-sided focus on brain structural integrity in TLE.
Dans l'épilepsie du lobe temporal (ELT), la lésion la plus commune est une sclérose de l'hippocampe ipsilatérale au foyer épileptique. L'imagerie par résonance magnétique (IRM) permet l'évaluation in vivo des anomalies dans le cerveau des patients. Cette thèse présente l'application des techniques avancées de traitement d'image dans une étude transversale entre des patients atteints d'ELT et des sujets sains, explorant la distribution de l'atrophie cérébrale dans l'ELT. Les méthodes incluent la segmentation automatique de la matière grise et blanche par lobe et des structures limbiques (cortex cingulaire, thalamus et insula), et la segmentation manuelle des structures mésiales du lobe temporal (hippocampe, amygdale et cortex entorhinale). Les résultats de l'IRM quantitative sont évalués en relation avec des paramètres cliniques (durée de la maladie, histoire des convulsions fébriles, crises tonique-cloniques généralisées, résultats postopératoires). Les résultats démontrent des réductions de volume à proximité et à distance du foyer épileptique, incluant notamment les structures limbiques. Les résultats indiquent également un effet négatif lié à l'atrophie de l'hippocampe et un foyer épileptique dans l'hémisphère gauche sur l'intégrité structurale du cerveau dans l'ELT.

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Wang, Xue. "An Integrated Multi-modal Registration Technique for Medical Imaging." FIU Digital Commons, 2017. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3512.

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Registration of medical imaging is essential for aligning in time and space different modalities and hence consolidating their strengths for enhanced diagnosis and for the effective planning of treatment or therapeutic interventions. The primary objective of this study is to develop an integrated registration method that is effective for registering both brain and whole-body images. We seek in the proposed method to combine in one setting the excellent registration results that FMRIB Software Library (FSL) produces with brain images and the excellent results of Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) when registering whole-body images. To assess attainment of these objectives, the following registration tasks were performed: (1) FDG_CT with FLT_CT images, (2) pre-operation MRI with intra-operation CT images, (3) brain only MRI with corresponding PET images, and (4) MRI T1 with T2, T1 with FLAIR, and T1 with GE images. Then, the results of the proposed method will be compared to those obtained using existing state-of-the-art registration methods such as SPM and FSL. Initially, three slices were chosen from the reference image, and the normalized mutual information (NMI) was calculated between each of them for every slice in the moving image. The three pairs with the highest NMI values were chosen. The wavelet decomposition method is applied to minimize the computational requirements. An initial search applying a genetic algorithm is conducted on the three pairs to obtain three sets of registration parameters. The Powell method is applied to reference and moving images to validate the three sets of registration parameters. A linear interpolation method is then used to obtain the registration parameters for all remaining slices. Finally, the aligned registered image with the reference image were displayed to show the different performances of the 3 methods, namely the proposed method, SPM and FSL by gauging the average NMI values obtained in the registration results. Visual observations are also provided in support of these NMI values. For comparative purposes, tests using different multi-modal imaging platforms are performed.

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Stevner, Angus Bror Andersen. "Whole-brain spatiotemporal characteristics of functional connectivity in transitions between wakefulness and sleep." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:3ef218c0-a734-4d6f-abf8-ffdb780525aa.

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This thesis provides a novel dynamic large-scale network perspective on brain activity of human sleep based on the analysis of unique human neuroimaging data. Specifically, I provide new information based on integrating spatial and temporal aspects of brain activity both in the transitions between and during wakefulness and various stages of non-rapid-eye movement (NREM) sleep. This is achieved through investigations of inter-regional interactions, functional connectivity (FC), between activity timecourses throughout the brain. Overall, the presented findings provide new important whole-brain insights for our current understanding of sleep, and potentially also of sleep disorders and consciousness in general. In Chapter 2 I present a robust global increase in similarity between the structural connectivity (SC) and the FC in slow-wave sleep (SWS) in almost all of the participants of two independent fMRI datasets. This could point to a decreased state repertoire and more rigid brain dynamics during SWS. Chapter 2 further identifies the changes in FC strengths between wakefulness and individual stages of NREM sleep across the whole-brain fMRI network. I report connectivity in posterior parts of the brain as particularly strong during wakefulness, while connections between temporal and frontal cortices are increased in strength during N1 and N2 sleep. SWS is characterised by a global drop in FC. In Chapter 3 I take advantage of rare MEG recordings of NREM sleep to show, for the first time, the feasibility of constructing source-space FC networks of sleep using power envelope correlations. The increased temporal information of MEG signals allows me to identify the specific frequencies underlying the FC differences identified in Chapter 2 with fMRI. The beta band (16 â 30 Hz) thus stands out as important for the strong posterior connectivity of wakefulness, while a range of frequency bands from delta (0.25 â 4 Hz) to sigma (13 â 16 Hz) all appear to contribute to N2-specific FC increases. Consistent with the fMRI results, slow-wave sleep shows the lowest level of FC. Interestingly, however, the MEG signals suggest a fronto-temporal network of high connectivity in the alpha band, possibly reflecting memory processes. In Chapter 4 I expand the within-frequency FC analysis of Chapter 3 to explore potential cross-frequency interactions in the MEG FC networks. It is shown that N2 sleep involves an abundance of frequency cross-talk, while SWS includes very little. A multi-layer network approach shows that the gamma band (30 â 48 Hz) is particularly integrated in wakefulness. Chapter 5 addresses the identified MEG FC findings from the perspective of traditional spectral sleep staging. By correlating temporal changes in spectral power at the sensor level to fluctuations in average FC, a specific type of transient events is found to underlie the strong N2-specific coupling in static FC values. Lastly, in Chapter 6 I make the leap out of the constraints of traditional low-resolution sleep staging, and extract dynamic states of FC from fMRI timecourses in a completely unsupervised fashion. This provides a novel representation of whole-brain states of sleep and the dynamics governing them. I argue that data-driven approaches like this are necessary to fully characterise the spatiotemporal principles underlying wakefulness and sleep in the human brain.

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Curtis, James. "Whole Brain Isotropic Arterial Spin Labeling Magnetic Resonance Imaging in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's Disease." Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=32516.

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This thesis presents the design, implementation, and validation of a novel, arterial spin labeling (ASL) perfusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) pulse sequence to generate three-dimensional quantitative maps of cerebral blood flow (CBF) in mice at 7 Tesla with an isotropic 281μm resolution. ASL and anatomical scans were registered to a common template using an automated non-linear registration pipeline to allow for voxel-wise inter-scan and inter-subject comparisons of CBF. The technique was applied to the study of a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) which demonstrates many of the characteristic features of cerebrovascular dysfunction present in AD. The technique resolved regions of significant difference between transgenic and wild-type mouse populations using voxel-wise- and region-of-interest-based analyses. These findings are the first to demonstrate the utility of perfusion MRI for population-based analysis of cerebrovascular pathophysiology in transgenic AD mice.
Cette thèse présente la conception et la validation d'un nouveau séquence d'acquisition d'imagerie par resonance magnetique (IRM) pour la marquage des spins des arteres (ASL) pour créer des cartes parametrique en trois-dimensions de debit de sanguin cérébral (CBF) dans les souris à 7 Tesla. avec un résolution isotrope de 281 μm. Les volumes d'IRM anatomique et ASL ont été enregistrées avec un procedure non linéaire pour effectuer des comparaisons de CBF par-voxel entre les scans seriale et entre les animaux. La technique a été appliquée à l'étude d'un modèle de souris transgénique de la maladie d'Alzheimer (MA), qui démontre beaucoup de traits caractéristiques de dysfonctionnement cérébral qui sont présents dans la maladie d'Alzheimer. La technique résolu régions de différence significative entre les populations transgéniques et de type sauvage par les methodes d'analyse par-voxel et par-regions-d'intérêt. Ces résultats sont les premiers à démontrer l'utilité de l'IRM de perfusion au niveau de la population sur l'analyse de physiopathologie vasculaire cérébral dans les souris transgéniques MA.

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Dragomir, Elena I. [Verfasser], and Ruben [Akademischer Betreuer] Portugues. "Perceptual decision making in larval zebrafish revealed by whole-brain imaging / Elena I. Dragomir ; Betreuer: Ruben Portugues." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1214593232/34.

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Ireland, Kirsty Anne. "Development of whole brain organotypic slice culture to investigate in vitro seeding of amyloid plaques." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/28707.

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A feature of prion disease and other protein misfolding neurodegenerative disease is the formation of amyloid plaques. Amyloid is commonly found in the brain of individuals who have died from prion disease and Alzheimer’s disease. The formation and purpose of amyloid in such diseases is poorly understood and it is not currently known whether the material is neurotoxic, neuroprotective or an artefact. Several methods are used to investigate the formation of amyloid both in vitro and in vivo. A cell free protein conversion assay has been optimised to gain insight into the protein misfolding pathway and prion infection has been introduced to a newly characterised whole brain organotypic slice culture model. Fibrillar, but not oligomeric, recombinant PrP species induce a seeding effect on amyloid formation in the protein conversion assay. Brain homogenate containing amyloid from a β-amyloid aggregation mouse model is demonstrated to have a similar effect to recombinant fibril seeds with a PrP substrate indicating a cross-seeding effect. A whole brain organotypic slice culture (BOSC) model has been developed and slices maintained in culture for up to 8 months. During this time slices remain viable with low levels of stress and thin down from 400μm to 30-50μm with morphological consequences. A prominent glial scar forms on the surface of the slice as a result of astrocyte activation and proliferation. The neuronal population decreases while the microglia have a consistent presence throughout time in culture. Replication of misfolded prion protein has been successfully demonstrated within whole BOSC following prion infection after 2 months in culture. The BOSC model represents an accessible short term in vitro model of the brain which can offer insights into protein misfolding in a complex multicellular context. Amyloid formation has been investigated in vivo using a β-amyloid misfolding mouse model following seeding with a range of recombinant protein and brain homogenate seeds. No seeding effect was observed in animals which had received intracerebral inoculations compared to control animals within the time frame of the experiment. A lack of overall amyloid within all animals at the final time point investigated suggests later time points are required for observation of seeding. The functional role of amyloid in protein misfolding neurodegenerative diseases remains unclear. From the cell free protein conversion assay oligomers do not form on the direct pathway towards amyloid in prion misfolding. BOSC provide an accessible and useful short term in vitro model which retains multiple characteristics of the brain. BOSC support replication of misfolded protein and amyloid formation therefore this model can now be utilised to investigate plaque growth and the effect of amyloid formation on surrounding cells. Results from these assays provide important information to guide future in vivo studies and aid the search for therapeutic intervention in these devastating diseases.

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Wolf, Sébastien. "The neural substrate of goal-directed locomotion in zebrafish and whole-brain functional imaging with two-photon light-sheet microscopy." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066468/document.

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La première partie de cette thèse présente une revue historique sur les méthodes d'enregistrements d'activité neuronale, suivie par une étude sur une nouvelle technique d'imagerie pour le poisson zèbre : la microscopie par nappe laser 2 photon. En combinant, les avantages de la microscopie 2 photon et l'imagerie par nappe de lumière, le microscope par nappe laser 2 photon garantie des enregistrements à haute vitesse avec un faible taux de lésions photoniques et permet d'éviter l'une des principales limitations du microscope à nappe laser 1 photon: la perturbation du système visuel. La deuxième partie de cette thèse traite de la navigation dirigée. Après une revue exhaustive sur la chemotaxis, la phototaxis et la thermotaxis, nous présentons des résultats qui révèlent les bases neuronales de la phototaxis chez le poisson zèbre. Grace à des expériences de comportement en réalité-virtuelle, des enregistrements d'activité neuronale, des méthodes optogénétiques et des approches théoriques, ce travail montre qu'une population auto-oscillante située dans le rhombencéphale appelée l'oscillateur du cerveau postérieur (HBO) fonctionne comme un pacemaker des saccades oculaires et contrôle l'orientation des mouvements de nage du poisson zèbre. Ce HBO répond à la lumière en fonction du contexte moteur, biaisant ainsi la trajectoire du poisson zèbre vers les zones les plus lumineuses de son environnement (phototaxis). La troisième partie propose une discussion sur les bases neuronales des saccades oculaires chez les vertébrés. Nous concluons ce manuscrit avec des résultats préliminaires suggérant que chez le poisson zèbre, le même HBO est impliqué dans les processus de thermotaxis
The first part of this thesis presents an historical overview of neural recording techniques, followed by a study on the development of a new imaging method for zebrafish neural recording: two-photon light sheet microscopy. Combining the advantages of two-photon point scanning microscopy and light sheet techniques, the two-photon light sheet microscope warrants a high acquisition speed with low photodamage and allows to circumvent the main limitation of one-photon light sheet microscopy: the disturbance of the visual system. The second part of the thesis is focused on goal-directed navigation in zebrafish larvae. After an exhaustive review on chemotaxis, phototaxis and thermotaxis in various animal models, we report a study that reveals the neural computation underlying phototaxis in zebrafish. Combining virtual-reality behavioral assays, volumetric calcium recordings, optogenetic stimulation, and circuit modeling, this work shows that a self-oscillating hindbrain population called the hindbrain oscillator (HBO) acts as a pacemaker for ocular saccades, controls the orientation of successive swim-bouts during zebrafish larva navigation, and is responsive to light in a state-dependent manner such that its response to visual inputs varies with the motor context. This peculiar response to visual inputs biases the fish trajectory towards brighter regions (phototaxis). The third part provides a discussion on the neural basis of ocular saccades in vertebrates. We conclude with some recent preliminary results on heat perception in zebrafish suggesting that the same hindbrain circuit may be at play in thermotaxis as well

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Книги з теми "Whole brain imaging"

Cohen-Inbar, Or, Daniel M. Trifiletti, and Jason P. Sheehan. Stereotatic Radiosurgery and Microsurgery for Brain Metastases. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190696696.003.0024.

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This chapter describes the case of a patient with brain metastases due to metastatic breast cancer. MRI is the best imaging modality for visualizing brain metastases, and advanced techniques such as perfusion imaging and diffusion weighted imaging may provide important additional information beyond standard anatomic imaging. Patients with brain metastases due to systemic cancer may benefit from targeted therapies such as surgery and stereotactic radiosurgery. Understanding the differences between radiation modalities such as stereotactic radiosurgery and whole brain radiotherapy is important for counseling patients.

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Boedhoe, Premika S. W., and Odile A. van den Heuvel. The Structure of the OCD Brain. Edited by Christopher Pittenger. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190228163.003.0023.

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This chapter summarizes the most consistent findings of structural neuroimaging studies of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and discusses their relationship within the implicated brain networks. The techniques used in these studies are diverse, and include manual tracing of specific regions of interest, whole-brain voxel-based morphometry (VBM) for both gray matter and white matter volume comparisons, FreeSurfer to investigate differences in cortical thickness and subcortical volumes, and other methods such as covariance analyses. Findings on white matter integrity with tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) and in diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies are discussed as well.The literature shows that the pathophysiology of OCD cannot be explained by alterations in function and structure of the classical cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical (CSTC) regions exclusively, but that fronto-limbic and fronto-parietal connections are important as well, and the role of the cerebellum needs more attention in future research.

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Hillmer, Ansel T., Kelly P. Cosgrove, and Richard E. Carson. PET Brain Imaging Methodologies. Edited by Dennis S. Charney, Eric J. Nestler, Pamela Sklar, and Joseph D. Buxbaum. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190681425.003.0009.

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While quantitative and pharmacologically specific aspects distinguish molecular imaging, they also impose the need for considerable expertise to design, conduct, and analyze molecular imaging studies. Positron emission tomography (PET) brain imaging provides a powerful noninvasive tool for quantitative and pharmacologically specific clinical research. This chapter describes basic methodological considerations for PET brain imaging studies. First the physiological interpretation of the most common outcome measures of binding potential (BPND) and volume of distribution (VT) are described. Next, aspects of acquisition of PET imaging data and blood measurements for analysis are discussed, followed by a summary of standard data analysis techniques. Finally, various applications for the study of mental illness, including group differences, measurements of drug occupancy, and assay of acute neurotransmitter release are discussed.

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Gattringer, Thomas, Christian Enzinger, Stefan Ropele, and Franz Fazekas. Brain imaging (CT/MRI). Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198722366.003.0007.

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In the acute phase of a suspected stroke, timely brain imaging with rapid and qualified interpretation is a crucial diagnostic step to inform patient management. While brain computed tomography is usually sufficient to indicate thrombolysis within the approved time window (by rapidly excluding intracranial haemorrhage), it often fails to show the actual site and extent of infarction as well as other pathologies, which may mimic a stroke. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has a much higher sensitivity and specificity for ischaemic vascular brain changes and thus allows direct demonstration of the area(s) of acute ischaemic damage. This helps in the diagnosis of clinically uncertain cases, may give aetiological clues, and can also provide pathophysiologic insights into stroke evolution with respective consequences for patient treatment. The capability to rule out many other disorders that may mimic stroke is also an important asset of MRI. All these advantages make MRI the preferred tool in the workup of young individuals with suspected stroke. However, this needs ready availability and adequately tailored and short imaging protocols in order not to delay treatment.

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Seeck, Margitta, L. Spinelli, Jean Gotman, and Fernando H. Lopes da Silva. Combination of Brain Functional Imaging Techniques. Edited by Donald L. Schomer and Fernando H. Lopes da Silva. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190228484.003.0046.

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Several tools are available to map brain electrical activity. Clinical applications focus on epileptic activity, although electric source imaging (ESI) and electroencephalography-coupled functional magnetic resonance imaging (EEG–fMRI) are also used to investigate non-epileptic processes in healthy subjects. While positron-emission tomography (PET) reflects glucose metabolism, strongly linked with synaptic activity, and single-photon-emission computed tomography (SPECT) reflects blood flow, fMRI (BOLD) signals have a hemodynamic component that is a surrogate signal of neuronal (synaptic) activity. The exact interpretation of BOLD signals is not completely understood; even in unifocal epilepsy, more than one region of positive or negative BOLD is often observed. Co-registration of medical images is essential to answer clinical questions, particularly for presurgical epilepsy evaluations. Multimodal imaging can yield information about epileptic foci and underlying networks. Co-registering MRI, PET, SPECT, fMRI, and ESI (or magnetic source imaging) provides information to estimate the epileptogenic zone and can help optimize surgical results.

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Thompson, Evan. Looping Effects and the Cognitive Science of Mindfulness Meditation. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190495794.003.0003.

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Cognitive neuroscience tends to conceptualize mindfulness meditation as inner observation of a private mental realm of thoughts, feelings, and body sensations, and tries to model mindfulness as instantiated in neural networks visible through brain imaging tools such as EEG and fMRI. This approach confuses the biological conditions for mindfulness with mindfulness itself, which, as classically described, consists in the integrated exercise of a whole host of cognitive and bodily skills in situated and ethically directed action. From an enactive perspective, mindfulness depends on internalized social cognition and is a mode of skillful, embodied cognition that depends directly not only on the brain, but also on the rest of the body and the physical, social, and cultural environment.

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Rubia, Katya. ADHD brain function. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198739258.003.0007.

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ADHD patients appear to have complex multisystem impairments in several cognitive-domain dissociated inferior, dorsolateral, and medial fronto-striato-parietal and frontocerebellar neural networks during inhibition, attention, working memory, and timing functions. There is emerging evidence for abnormalities in motivation and affect control regions, most prominently in ventral striatum, but also orbital/ventromedial frontolimbic areas. Furthermore, there is an immature interrelationship between hypoengaged task-positive cognitive control networks and a poorly ‘switched off’ default mode network, both of which impact performance. Stimulant medication enhances the activation of inferior frontostriatal systems, while atomoxetine appears to have more pronounced effects on the dorsal attention network. More studies are needed to understand the neurofunctional correlates of the effects of age, gender, ADHD subtypes, and comorbidities with other psychiatric conditions. The use of pattern recognition analyses applied to imaging to make individual diagnostic or prognostic predictions are promising and will be the challenge over the next decade.

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Kleege, Georgina. Touching on Science. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190604356.003.0003.

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While the Hypothetical Blind man is a useful prop for philosophical theories of mind, he also influences the research of many contemporary neuroscientists. This chapter will survey cases of “restored sight” from the eighteenth century to the present. These cases follow such a predictable script that they have supplied the plots of such literary texts as Wilke Collins’s Poor Miss Finch and Brian Friel’s Molly Sweeney. The chapter will go on to describe research on brain plasticity that employs blind subjects to investigate various aspects of tactile perception and mental imaging, without any direct applications for blind people themselves.

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Bodart, Olivier, and Steven Laureys. Imaging the central nervous system in the critically ill. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0224.

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Imaging techniques play a major role in managing patients with acute severe neurological signs. Initial evaluation of patients with traumatic brain injuries is best performed with a computed tomography (CT) scan, both for its ability to demonstrate most of the significant lesions and for logistical reasons. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is able to provide more subtle information, as well as prognosis indicators, but is impractical until the patient’s condition has been stabilized. MRI has the same advantages for assessing anoxic brain injuries. In strokes, MRI has become the technique of choice, as it is able to highlight new lesions among older ones, and can identify ischaemic lesions only a few minutes after the event. At the same time MRI can identify or exclude contraindications for intravenous thrombolysis. Subarachnoid haemorrhages are best initially assessed with CT followed by a digital suppression angiogram to identify arterial aneurysms or arteriovenous malformations. In spine imaging, CT scan works the best in indicating traumatic bone lesions, while MRI is unsurpassed in examining the spinal cord and ligamentous injuries, and can provide prognostic indicators of the expected functional outcome.

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Brennan, Brian P., and Scott L. Rauch. Functional Neuroimaging Studies in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Overview and Synthesis. Edited by Christopher Pittenger. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190228163.003.0021.

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Studies using functional neuroimaging have played a critical role in the current understanding of the neurobiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Early studies using positron emission tomography (PET) identified a core cortico-striatal-thalamo-cortical circuit that is dysfunctional in OCD. Subsequent studies using behavioral paradigms in conjunction with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have provided additional information about the neural substrates underlying specific psychological processes relevant to OCD. More recently, studies utilizing resting state fMRI have identified abnormal functional connectivity within intrinsic brain networks including the default mode and frontoparietal networks in OCD patients. Although these studies, as a whole, clearly substantiate the model of cortico-striatal-thalamo-cortical circuit dysfunction in OCD and support the continued investigation of neuromodulatory treatments targeting these brain regions, there is also growing evidence that brain regions outside this core circuit, particularly frontoparietal regions involved in cognitive control processes, may also play a significant role in the pathophysiology of OCD.

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Частини книг з теми "Whole brain imaging"

Pawłowska, Monika, Marzena Stefaniuk, Diana Legutko, and Leszek Kaczmarek. "Light-Sheet Microscopy for Whole-Brain Imaging." In Advanced Optical Methods for Brain Imaging, 69–81. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-9020-2_3.

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Carass, Aaron, Muhan Shao, Xiang Li, Blake E. Dewey, Ari M. Blitz, Snehashis Roy, Dzung L. Pham, Jerry L. Prince, and Lotta M. Ellingsen. "Whole Brain Parcellation with Pathology: Validation on Ventriculomegaly Patients." In Patch-Based Techniques in Medical Imaging, 20–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67434-6_3.

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Zhou, Shuo, Christopher R. Cox, and Haiping Lu. "Improving Whole-Brain Neural Decoding of fMRI with Domain Adaptation." In Machine Learning in Medical Imaging, 265–73. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32692-0_31.

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Muto, Mario, and Alessandra D’Amico. "Radiation-Induced Leukoencephalopathy: MR Follow-Up After Whole Brain Radiation Therapy." In Imaging Gliomas After Treatment, 249–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31210-7_55.

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Ren, Jian, and Brett E. Bouma. "Whole Murine Brain Imaging Based on Optical Elastic Scattering." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 109–25. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7627-0_6.

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Zhao, Can, Aaron Carass, Junghoon Lee, Yufan He, and Jerry L. Prince. "Whole Brain Segmentation and Labeling from CT Using Synthetic MR Images." In Machine Learning in Medical Imaging, 291–98. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67389-9_34.

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Kist, Andreas M., Laura D. Knogler, Daniil A. Markov, Tugce Yildizoglu, and Ruben Portugues. "Whole-Brain Imaging Using Genetically Encoded Activity Sensors in Vertebrates." In Decoding Neural Circuit Structure and Function, 321–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57363-2_13.

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Schenck, J. F., O. M. Mueller, S. P. Souza, and C. L. Dumoulin. "Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Brain Iron Using A4 Tesla Whole-Body Scanner." In Iron Biominerals, 373–85. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3810-3_27.

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Yan, Zhennan, Shaoting Zhang, Xiaofeng Liu, Dimitris N. Metaxas, and Albert Montillo. "Accurate Whole-Brain Segmentation for Alzheimer’s Disease Combining an Adaptive Statistical Atlas and Multi-atlas." In Medical Computer Vision. Large Data in Medical Imaging, 65–73. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05530-5_7.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Whole brain imaging"

Silvestri, Ludovico, Anna Letizia Allegra Mascaro, Irene Costantini, Leonardo Sacconi, and Francesco S. Pavone. "Whole brain optical imaging." In SPIE BiOS, edited by Henry Hirschberg, Steen J. Madsen, E. Duco Jansen, Qingming Luo, Samarendra K. Mohanty, and Nitish V. Thakor. SPIE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2087339.

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Ueda, Hiroki R. "Whole-body and whole-organ clearing and imaging with single-cell resolution." In Optics and the Brain. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/brain.2017.brw2b.2.

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Umadevi Venkataraju, Kannan U., James Gornet, Gayathri Murugaiyan, Zhuhao Wu, and Pavel Osten. "Development of brain templates for whole brain atlases." In Neural Imaging and Sensing 2019, edited by Qingming Luo, Jun Ding, and Ling Fu. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2505295.

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Menzel, Miriam, Marouan Ritzkowski, David Grässel, Philipp Schlömer, Katrin Amunts, and Markus Axer. "Scatterometry on whole brain sections using Scattered Light Imaging." In Optics and the Brain. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/brain.2021.btu1b.2.

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Wang, C., S. Pacheco, B. K. Baggett, M. K. Chawla, D. T. Gray, U. Utzinger, C. A. Barnes, and R. Liang. "Whole brain imaging with a scalable microscope." In Cancer Imaging and Therapy. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cancer.2016.jw3a.30.

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El Kanfoud, Ibtissam, Serguei Semenov, Marcella Bonazzoli, Francesca Rapetti, Richard Pasquetti, Maya de Buhan, Marie Kray, et al. "Whole-microwave system modeling for brain imaging." In 2015 IEEE Conference on Antenna Measurements & Applications (CAMA). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cama.2015.7428123.

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Jimenez, Anatole, Bruno Osmanski, Denis Vivien, Mickael Tanter, Thomas Gaberel, and Thomas Deffieux. "Toward Whole-Brain Minimally-Invasive Vascular Imaging." In 2022 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ius54386.2022.9958460.

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Li, Wenze, Venkatakaushik Voleti, Evan Schaffer, Rebecca Vaadia, Wesley B. Grueber, Richard S. Mann, and Elizabeth Hillman. "SCAPE Microscopy for High Speed, 3D Whole-Brain Imaging in Drosophila Melanogaster." In Optics and the Brain. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/brain.2016.btu4d.3.

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Rynes, Mathew L., Daniel Surinach, Samantha Linn, Michael Laroque, Vijay Rajendran, Judith Dominguez, Orestes Hadjistamolou, et al. "Miniaturized head-mounted device for whole cortex mesoscale imaging in freely behaving mice." In Optics and the Brain. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/brain.2021.bth2b.3.

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Gornet, James, Kannan Umadevi Venkataraju, Arun Narasimhan, Nicholas Turner, Kisuk Lee, H. Sebastian Seung, Pavel Osten, and Uygar Sumbul. "Reconstructing Neuronal Anatomy from Whole-Brain Images." In 2019 IEEE 16th International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isbi.2019.8759197.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Whole brain imaging"

Brody, David L. Radiological-Pathological Correlations Following Blast-Related Traumatic Brain Injury in the Whole Human Brain Using ex Vivo Diffusion Tensor Imaging. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada597888.

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