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Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022
Оновлено: 28 січня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Wheat trade Australia South Australia"

1

Moore, Andrew D. "Opportunities and trade-offs in dual-purpose cereals across the southern Australian mixed-farming zone: a modelling study." Animal Production Science 49, no. 10 (2009): 759. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an09006.

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Анотація:
Dual-purpose cereals are employed in the high-rainfall zone of southern Australia to provide additional winter forage. Recently there has been interest in applying this technology in the drier environments of South and Western Australia. It would therefore be useful to gain an understanding of the trade-offs and risks associated with grazing wheat crops in different locations. In this study the APSIM (Agricultural Production Systems Simulator) crop and soil simulation models were linked to the GRAZPLAN pasture and livestock models and used to examine the benefits and costs of grazing cereal crops at 21 locations spanning seven of the regions participating in the Grain & Graze research, development and extension program. A self-contained part of a mixed farm (an annual pasture–wheat rotation plus permanent pastures) supporting a breeding ewe enterprise was simulated. At each location the consequences were examined of: (i) replacing a spring wheat cultivar with a dual-purpose cultivar (cv. Wedgetail or Tennant) in 1 year of the rotation; and (ii) either grazing that crop in winter, or leaving it ungrazed. The frequency of early sowing opportunities enabling the use of a dual-purpose cultivar was high. When left ungrazed the dual-purpose cultivars yielded less grain on average (by 0.1–0.9 t/ha) than spring cultivars in Western Australia and the Eyre Peninsula but more (by 0.25–0.8 t/ha) in south-eastern Australia. Stocking rate and hence animal production per ha could be increased proportionately more when a dual-purpose cultivar was used for grazing; because of the adjustments to stocking rates, grazing of the wheat had little effect on lamb sale weights. Across locations, the relative reduction in wheat yield caused by grazing the wheats was proportional to the grazing pressure upon them. Any economic advantage of moving to a dual-purpose system is likely to arise mainly from the benefit to livestock production in Western Australia, but primarily from grain production in south-eastern Australia (including the Mallee region). Between years, the relationship between increased livestock production and decreased grain yield from grazing crops shifts widely; it may therefore be possible to identify flexible grazing rules that optimise this trade-off.
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2

Van der Merwe, Johannes, Philippus Cloete, and Herman Van Schalkwyk. "The competitive status of the South African Wheat Industry." Journal of Economic and Financial Sciences 9, no. 3 (December 3, 2016): 651–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/jef.v9i3.63.

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This article investigates the competitiveness of the South African wheat industry and compares it to its major trade partners. Since 1997, the wheat-to-bread value chain has been characterised by concentration of ownership and regulation. This led to concerns that the local wheat market is losing international competitiveness. The competitive status of the wheat industry, and its sub-sectors, is determined through the estimation of the relative trade advantage (RTA). The results revealed declining competitiveness of local wheat producers. Compared to the major global wheat producers, such as Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, Germany and the USA, South Africa’s unprocessed wheat industry is uncompetitive. At the same time, South Africa has a competitive advantage in semi-processed wheat, especially wheat flour. The institutional environment enables the importation of raw wheat at lower prices and exports processed wheat flour competitively to the rest of Africa.
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3

Rimmer, Susan Harris. "Australian experiments in creative governance, regionalism, and plurilateralism." International Journal: Canada's Journal of Global Policy Analysis 71, no. 4 (December 2016): 630–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020702016686383.

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The previous Abbott government had prioritized a general attitude to foreign policy captured by the phrase “Jakarta not Geneva,” which signified a preference for bilateral or minilateral interactions with the region rather than United Nations-based multilateralism. With Julie Bishop MP as Australia’s first female foreign minister, the Coalition also prioritized economic diplomacy, as exemplified by the repeated refrain that Australia is “open for business.” This approach led to a preference for diplomatic venues and processes that focused on continuing investments in regional architecture, new emphasis on minilateral dialogues such as the Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA) and Mexico, Indonesia, Korea, Turkey, and Australia (MIKTA), and more effort directed to bilateral and plurilateral processes such as the Trans-Pacific Partnership trade negotiations. This approach has been continued under Prime Minister Turnbull, with a renewed focus on innovation. Part 1 considers minilateral and regional investments in the Indo-Pacific region, primarily, IORA, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), and the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN). I consider MIKTA a unique vehicle for Australian diplomacy. Part 2 considers what issues Australia should be pursuing through these forums, with a focus on the two themes of gender equality (as an example of niche diplomacy) and trade (multilateralism under pressure) as case studies. Beeson and Higgott argue that middle powers have the potential to successfully implement “games of skill,” especially at moments of international transition. How skilful have Australia’s efforts been in these minilateral dialogues, enhanced regionalism, and plurilateral processes, and what more can be achieved in these forums? Are these efforts creating more fragmentation of the rules-based order, or are they a way to overcome global governance stalemates? I set out the arguments for whether Australia, as a pivotal power, should generate more global options, or be more focused on inclusion in the Asia-Pacific region.
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4

Flohr, B. M., J. R. Hunt, J. A. Kirkegaard, J. R. Evans, and J. M. Lilley. "Genotype × management strategies to stabilise the flowering time of wheat in the south-eastern Australian wheatbelt." Crop and Pasture Science 69, no. 6 (2018): 547. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp18014.

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Growers in the wheatbelt of south-eastern Australia need increases in water-limited potential yield (PYw) in order to remain competitive in a changing climate and with declining terms of trade. In drought-prone regions, flowering time is a critical determinant of yield for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Flowering time is a function of the interaction between management (M, establishment date), genotype (G, development rate) and prevailing seasonal conditions. Faced with increasing farm size and declining autumn rainfall, growers are now sowing current fast-developing spring wheat cultivars too early. In order to widen the sowing window and ensure optimum flowering dates for maximum yield, new G × M strategies need to be identified and implemented. This study examined the effect of manipulating genotype (winter vs spring wheat and long vs short coleoptile) and management (sowing date, fallow length and sowing depth) interventions on yield and flowering date in high-, medium- and low-rainfall zones in south-eastern Australia. Twelve strategies were simulated at nine sites over the period 1990–2016. At all sites, the highest yielding strategies involved winter wheats with long coleoptiles established on stored subsoil moisture from the previous rotation, and achieved a mean yield increase of 1200 kg/ha or 42% relative to the baseline strategy. The results show promise for winter wheats with long coleoptiles to widen the sowing window, remove the reliance on autumn rainfall for early establishment and thus stabilise flowering and maximise yield. This study predicts that G × M strategies that stabilise flowering may increase PYw.
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5

Babie, Paul, Paul Leadbeter, and Kyriaco Nikias. "Property, Unbundled Water Entitlements, and Anticommons Tragedies: A Cautionary Tale From Australia." Michigan Journal of Environmental & Administrative Law, no. 9.1 (2020): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.36640/mjeal.9.1.property.

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Анотація:
As water becomes an increasingly scarce resource, a lack of clarity in relation to its use can produce both conflict among and inefficient use by users. In order to encourage markets in water and to ensure the viability and functionality of those markets, governments in many jurisdictions have moved away from commons property as a means of water allocation, and towards systems of private property in water. In doing so, one policy and legal option is “unbundling”, which seeks carefully to define both the entitlement to water and its separation into constituent parts. Advocates claim that unbundling makes water rights easier to value, monitor, and trade. But is unbundling the most efficient means of allocating water use rights? Or might such fragmentation produce what has come to be called an “anticommons tragedy”? To answer these questions, this article contains four parts. The Introduction provides the legal background to the modern means of allocating the use of water amongst competing, or rivalrous, users. Part I considers the theoretical nature of property, and the way in which such theory might be extended to water allocation through unbundling. Part II presents unbundling as it has been implemented in the Australian state of South Australia. This allows us to assess the extent to which the stated policy rationale for unbundling—certainty and transferability of entitlements—has been achieved and the extent to which this is a desirable outcome. Our analysis can be applied to any jurisdiction, most notably the arid and semi-arid southwestern United States, considering unbundling as a legal and policy option for the allocation of water use. The Conclusion reflects upon the potential for unbundling water entitlements in arid or semi-arid environments. The South Australian experience reveals a reluctance to embrace unbundling, both on the part of the state in terms of implementing, and on the part of market actors holding existing proprietary interests in water. This reluctance ought to be viewed by other jurisdictions as a warning about the effectiveness and efficiency of unbundling. We show that unbundling efforts may not only fail to provide efficiency gains, but also, and much more worryingly, may in fact drive anticommons tragedies that entirely inhibit any beneficial use. We propose that our anecdotal and theoretical analysis of South Australia requires empirical research both in Australia and in other jurisdictions climatologically, hydrologically, and in underlying legal framework, similar to Australia. Such empirical research will test our conclusions in relation to South Australia, both in respect to the operation of the water market and as to the behavior of market actors.
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6

Moulis, Daniel, and Alistair Bridges. "Administrative and Judicial Review of Anti-dumping Measures in Australia." Global Trade and Customs Journal 7, Issue 5 (May 1, 2012): 200–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/gtcj2012026.

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Анотація:
This collection of articles analyses the problems with judicial review of trade remedy determinations in ten user countries - Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, the European Union, India, Indonesia, Mexico, South Africa, and the United States - and is a follow-up to similar studies in 2004 and 2007 respectively. Each article succinctly describes the major problems with judicial review in their jurisdictions covering the period from 2001 to 2010 with an aim to examine the effectiveness of judicial review (and/or, where applicable, review by an administrative tribunal) of trade remedy determinations in the light of Article 13 of the WTO Anti-Dumping Agreement. Two problems have been underlined: (1) the excessively long duration of the judicial review procedures; and (2) the considerable deference given to the administrative authorities on substantive issues by the courts typically on account of the technicality of the anti-dumping determinations and the absence of expert judges versed with trade remedy laws. These two problems have deeply impacted the effectiveness of the judicial review systems in most jurisdictions investigated and the situation is far from what is envisaged in Article 13 of the ADA. Both problems are related to the absence of specialized courts and chambers with judges trained in trade remedy laws. In contrast, the United States and India - the only two countries that have specialized courts - have effective judicial review systems. For the ten year period covered by this study, the ten countries investigated can be divided into two groups as regards the recourse to judicial review of anti-dumping determinations. One group comprises the European Union, India, Mexico and the United States where judicial review of anti-dumping determinations has been frequent. The second group comprises the remaining countries namely Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, Indonesia and South Africa where judicial reviews have been more limited. In fact the judicial review systems for trade remedy determinations in countries such as China and Indonesia are in the early stages of development.
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7

Ahmed, A. A. Masrur, Ekta Sharma, S. Janifer Jabin Jui, Ravinesh C. Deo, Thong Nguyen-Huy, and Mumtaz Ali. "Kernel Ridge Regression Hybrid Method for Wheat Yield Prediction with Satellite-Derived Predictors." Remote Sensing 14, no. 5 (February 25, 2022): 1136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14051136.

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Анотація:
Wheat dominates the Australian grain production market and accounts for 10–15% of the world’s 100 million tonnes annual global wheat trade. Accurate wheat yield prediction is critical to satisfying local consumption and increasing exports regionally and globally to meet human food security. This paper incorporates remote satellite-based information in a wheat-growing region in South Australia to estimate the yield by integrating the kernel ridge regression (KRR) method coupled with complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (CEEMDAN) and the grey wolf optimisation (GWO). The hybrid model, ‘GWO-CEEMDAN-KRR,’ employing an initial pool of 23 different satellite-based predictors, is seen to outperform all the benchmark models and all the feature selection (ant colony, atom search, and particle swarm optimisation) methods that are implemented using a set of carefully screened satellite variables and a feature decomposition or CEEMDAN approach. A suite of statistical metrics and infographics comparing the predicted and measured yield shows a model prediction error that can be reduced by ~20% by employing the proposed GWO-CEEMDAN-KRR model. With the metrics verifying the accuracy of simulations, we also show that it is possible to optimise the wheat yield to achieve agricultural profits by quantifying and including the effects of satellite variables on potential yield. With further improvements in the proposed methodology, the GWO-CEEMDAN-KRR model can be adopted in agricultural yield simulation that requires remote sensing data to establish the relationships between crop health, yield, and other productivity features to support precision agriculture.
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8

Larg, Allison, John R. Moss, and Nicola Spurrier. "Relative contribution of overweight and obesity to rising public hospital in-patient expenditure in South Australia." Australian Health Review 43, no. 2 (2019): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah17147.

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Objective Arguments to fund obesity prevention have often focused on the growing hospital costs of associated diseases. However, the relative contribution of overweight and obesity to public hospital expenditure growth is not well understood. This paper examines the effect of overweight and obesity on acute public hospital in-patient expenditure in South Australia over time compared with other expenditure drivers. Methods Annual inflation-adjusted acute public admitted expenditure attributable to a high body mass index was estimated for 2007–08 and 2011–12 and compared with other expenditure drivers. Results Expenditure attributable to overweight and obesity increased by A$45million, from 4.7% to 5.4% of total acute public in-patient expenditure. This increase accounted for 7.8% of the A$583million total expenditure growth, whereas the largest component of total growth (62.4%) was a real increase in the average cost per separation. Conclusions The relatively minor contribution of overweight and obesity to expenditure growth over the time period examined invites reflection on arguments to boost preventive spending that centre upon reducing hospital costs. These arguments may inadvertently detract attention from the considerable health and social burdens of overweight and obesity and from unrelated sources of expenditure growth that reduce opportunities for state governments to fund obesity prevention programs despite their comparative benefits to population health. What is known about the topic? Stand-alone estimates suggest that overweight and obesity are placing a considerable financial burden on the Australian public healthcare system. What does this paper add? Our findings challenge common perceptions about the relative importance of overweight and obesity in the context of rising public in-patient expenditure in Australia. What are the implications for practitioners? Consistent serial estimates of overweight- and obesity-attributable expenditure enable its tracking and comparison with other potentially controllable expenditure drivers that may also warrant attention. Explicit consideration of population health trade-offs in expenditure-related decisions, including in enterprise bargaining, would enhance transparency in priority setting.
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9

MOON, Don. "East Asian Regionalism: A New Momentum for Multilateralism?" East Asian Policy 11, no. 03 (July 2019): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793930519000229.

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East Asian countries continue to sign mega-Free Trade Agreements, indicating certain momentum for promoting cooperative economic relationships, despite protectionism fears. This paper examines East Asian regionalism after the Asian Financial Crisis in 1997 and discusses the dynamics of institution building among the United States, China and Japan. It also explores what ASEAN countries, South Korea and Australia should do to mitigate the tension in the region and facilitate progress in the open economic order.
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10

Hocking, P. J., and M. J. McLaughlin. "Genotypic variation in cadmium accumulation by seed of linseed, and comparison with seeds of some other crop species." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 51, no. 4 (2000): 427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar99124.

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The accumulation of cadmium (Cd) in plants is a health issue because a range of grain and vegetable crops can accumulate levels of Cd that are in excess of limits set by the World Health Organization and individual countries. Many Australian agricultural soils used to produce confectionery linseed have a history of intensive use of Cd-contaminated phosphatic fertilisers and this, combined with soil properties such as high chloride salinity, can result in enhanced availability of Cd to crops. We investigated genotypic variation in Cd accumulation in seed of 17 linseed and Linola (termed linseed) lines from Australia and elsewhere in a glasshouse study using a soil from southern Australia that had a history of the application of Cd-contaminated phosphatic fertiliser. Canola, Indian mustard, lupins, and wheat were also included in the study for comparison. Under the experimental conditions, Cd concentrations in seed of all but one of the linseed lines exceeded the maximum permitted concentration (MPC) of 250 µg/kg for confectionery linseed traded on the international market. There was a 2.3-fold variation in seed Cd concentrations between all the linseed lines (range, 233–545 µg/kg). Linseed lines from Australia and overseas were equally capable of accumulating Cd in seed. Brown-seeded and golden-seeded lines accumulated similar concentrations of Cd. Canola, Indian mustard, lupins, and wheat accumulated about 10-fold lower concentrations of Cd in seed than linseed, and did not exceed Australian or other MPCs. There was little difference in Cd concentrations between the seed and de-seeded capsules of linseed, but a large difference in Cd concentration between the seed and de-seeded fruit parts of the other crops. The mean seed to de-seeded fruit part Cd concentration ratio for linseed was 0.87 : 1 compared with a ratio of 0.35 : 1 for the other crops, suggesting that linseed has comparatively ineffective barriers discriminating against the transport of Cd to seed. Analysis of seed lots of confectionery linseed sampled from a grain receival depot showed that seed lots from farms in Victoria (range 140–560 µg Cd/kg) had 5-fold greater Cd concentrations than those from farms in New South Wales (range 20–160 µg/kg). This is presumably due to a more intensive history of the application of Cd-contaminated phosphatic fertiliser to pastures and crops in Victoria, as well as differences in environmental and soil conditions.
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Дисертації з теми "Wheat trade Australia South Australia"

1

Wynter, Hugh. "Price risk management strategies for South Australian wheat growers /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2004. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AS/09asw991.pdf.

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2

Brooks, Brenton James. "Breeding durum wheat for South Australia /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2004. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phb8731.pdf.

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3

Park, Young-Il. "Australia-Korea trade, 1962-1981." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1986. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09php235.pdf.

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4

Zubaidi, Akhmad. "Growth and yield of durum and bread wheat." Title page, contents and summary only, 1996. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09A/09az93.pdf.

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Анотація:
Bibliography: leaves 148-160. A series of experiments was conducted to examine the growth and nutrient uptake of durum and bread wheat at a number of sites in South Australia. The experiments examined response to water stress, the pattern of root and shoot growth, soil water extraction and nutrient uptake among a range of adapted bread wheat and durum wheat cultivars.
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5

Lotfollahi, Mohammad. "The effect of subsoil mineral nitrogen on grain protein concentration of wheat." Title page, table of contents and summary only, 1996. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phl882.pdf.

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Copy of author's previously published work inserted. Bibliography: leaves 147-189. This project examines the uptake of mineral N from the subsoil after anthesis and its effect on grain protein concentration (GPC) of wheat. The overall objective is to examine the importance of subsoil mineral N and to investigate the ability of wheat to take up N from the subsoil late in the season under different conditions of N supply and soil water availability. Greenhouse experiments investigate the importance of subsoil mineral N availability on GPC of wheat and the factors that contribute to the effective utilisation of N. The recovery of N from subsoil, the effect of split N application on GPC and short term N uptake by the wheat at different rooting densities are also studied.
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6

Sloane, David. "Early vigour : its role in enhancing the productivity of wheat grown in South Australia /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AFP/09afps634.pdf.

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7

Moussavi-Nik, Mohsen. "Seed quality and crop establishment in wheat." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phm933.pdf.

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Анотація:
Bibliography: leaves 247-268. A series of laboratory, greenhouse and field experiments were conducted to investigate aspects of seed quality in a range of bread wheat genotypes important in South Australia as well as a durum cultivar, Yallaroi. It was concluded that sound healthy seed does vary in quality and this affects seedling vigour, crop establishment and grain yield. Seed source can affect genotype performance in evaluation trials. There is genetic variability for embryo size, coleoptile length, nutrient efficiency and nutrient loading in to the seed which can be exploited by breeders. Agronomically, seed quality can be improved by managing seed crops to aid accumulation of mineral nutrients in the seed and then selecting, by grading, only large seed for sowing.
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8

Taheri, Abdolhossein. "Interaction between root lesion nematode, Pratylenchus neglectus, and root-rotting fungi of wheat." Title page, contents and summary only, 1996. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09pht128.pdf.

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Bibliography: leaves 307-329. This study concludes that in soils in South Australia where root-rotting fungi and P. neglectus exist together, root disease of wheat is caused by their combined effect. Evidence suggests that P. neglectus not only contributes to this interaction through mechanical wounding of roots, but also causes biochemical and physiological changes in plants, making them more prone to fungal infection.
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9

Nicol, Julie. "The distribution, pathogenicity and population dynamics of Pratylenchus thornei on wheat in South Australia." Title page, contents and summary only, 1996. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phn634.pdf.

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Анотація:
Bibliography: leaves 224-236. The study aimed to determine the distribution of both P. thornei and P. neglectus in South Australia. Also to study the field and laboratory population dynamics of P. thornei in relation to wheat yields, to determine its host range on a variety of cereal and non-leguminous hosts and to identify possible sources of nematode resistant wheat cultivars/varieties. Preliminary experiments studied the involvement of root rotting fungi with the nematode in wheat disease.
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10

Whittle, P. J. L. "Studies on common root rot and Bipolaris sorokiniana in wheat and barley in South Australia /." Adelaide : Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Departments of Crop Protection and Plant Science, 1992. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phw6274.pdf.

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Книги з теми "Wheat trade Australia South Australia"

1

Buckingham, Mark. "The world market for wheat and barley and the role of China as an emerging market": A study tour to South East Asia, the USA, Canada, Australia and China. [Maresfield]: Nuffield Farming Scholarships Trust, 1998.

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2

Wilson, William W. The grain marketing system and wheat quality in Australia. Fargo, N.D: North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station, North Dakota State University, 1989.

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3

Trickett, Peter. Wheat production in Australia, New Zealand, Canada and theUSA: Report. Maresfield: Nuffield Farming Scholarships Trust, 1993.

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4

Mines and Energy Resources South Australia. Petroleum Division. Petroleum exploration and development in South Australia. Eastwood, S. Aust: Publications Section, Mines and Energy Resources South Australia, 1997.

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5

Webster, W. G. Soda by the ton: A story of alkali manufacture in South Australia by ICI (Australia). Henley Beach, S. Aust: Seaview Press, 2002.

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6

Henry's mill: The historical archaeology of a forest community : life around a timber mill in south-west Victoria, Australia, in the early twentieth century. Oxford: Archeopress, 2006.

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7

Vicary, Adrian. In the interests of education: A history of education unionism in South Australia. St. Leonards, N.S.W: Allen & Unwin, 1997.

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8

The golden grain: A history of Edwin Davey & Sons, pioneer flourmillers and grain merchants of South Australia at Penrice, Angaston, Eudunda, Salisbury, Adelaide, Melbourne, and Sydney 1865-1985. Melbourne: Hyland House, 1985.

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9

Office, General Accounting. International trade: Canada and Australia rely heavily on wheat boards to market grain : report to the Chairman, Subcommittee on Domestic and Foreign Marketing and Product Promotion, Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry, U.S. Senate. Washington, D.C: U.S. General Accounting Office, 1992.

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10

An Analysis of competitive advantage between the United States, Canada, and Australia for wheat production. [Corvallis]: Agricultural Experiment Station, Oregon State University, 1991.

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Частини книг з теми "Wheat trade Australia South Australia"

1

Guo, William W., Lily D. Li, and Greg Whymark. "Simulating Wheat Yield in New South Wales of Australia Using Interpolation and Neural Networks." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 708–15. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-17534-3_87.

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2

Oliver, D. P., K. G. Tiller, M. K. Conyers, W. J. Slattery, R. H. Merry, and A. M. Alston. "The effects of soil pH on Cd concentration in wheat grain grown in south-eastern Australia." In Plant-Soil Interactions at Low pH: Principles and Management, 791–95. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0221-6_127.

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3

Hill, Lisa, Max Douglass, and Ravi Baltutis. "Why Australia Is a Great Place to Start: The Implied Freedom of Political Communication and TIPA Laws." In How and Why to Regulate False Political Advertising in Australia, 45–56. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2123-0_5.

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AbstractIn this chapter we show that the Australian constitutional and jurisprudential approach to political speech, as embodied in the implied freedom of political communication, makes Australia a uniquely congenial setting for TIPA laws and the type of burden they place on political speech. This is reflected in a range of High Court decisions as well as the fact that the Supreme Court of South Australia has upheld the constitutionality of the South Australian TIPA law based on Australian implied freedom of communication jurisprudence. Our exploration of these decisions and their broader context throws light on how such a freedom is supposed to work and is constituted. Notably, the Courts have achieved a balance in the ‘freedom-fairness’ trade-off, and indicated that they consider TIPA laws, in constraining some political speech, as tipping the scales towards ‘fairness’ without at the same time unduly impacting freedom. We end the chapter by summarising our argument so far.
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Gurrib, Ikhlaas. "Australia as an Enabler to Sustainable Indian Ocean Island Economies." In Strategic Cooperation and Partnerships Between Australia and South Asia, 95–116. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8657-0.ch005.

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The purpose of this study is to provide a deeper understanding of how Australia and Indian Ocean island economies of Mauritius, Maldives, and Sri Lanka can mutually benefit from each other to promote sustainability and economic output. Specifically, this study investigates what makes the three island economies attractive to promote regional and international trade and how Australia can help achieve a sustainable blue economy. The author initially provides some background of the current state in the island economies and Australia, post-COVID-19 crisis impact, the different financial and regulatory policies, bilateral trade agreements, and ministerial level organisations promoting trade partnerships. Key recommendations aligned with various Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), especially SDG 14, are provided. Active involvement from experienced nations like Australia to Small Island Developing States (SIDS) is required, including some incentivized alliance between the private and public sector to achieve a sustainable ocean or blue economy, post COVID-19 crisis.
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Beinart, William, and Lotte Hughes. "Sheep, Pastures, and Demography in Australia." In Environment and Empire. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199260317.003.0011.

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Succeeding phases of British economic growth prompted strikingly different imperatives for expansion, for natural resource exploitation, and for the social organization of extra-European production. In the eighteenth century, sugar, African slaves, and shipping in the Atlantic world provided one major dynamic of empire. But in the nineteenth century, antipodean settlement and trade, especially that resulting from expanding settler pastoral frontiers, was responsible for some of the most dramatic social and environmental transformations. Plantations occupied relatively little space in the new social geography of world production. By contrast, commercial pastoralism, which took root most energetically in the temperate and semi-arid regions of the newly conquered world, was land-hungry but relatively light in its demands for labour. The Spanish Empire based in Mexico can be considered a forerunner. By the 1580s, within fifty years of their introduction, there were an estimated 4.5 million merino sheep in the Mexican highlands. The livestock economy, incorporating cattle as well as sheep, spread northwards through Mexico to what became California by the eighteenth century. Settler intrusions followed in the vast landmasses of southern Latin America, southern Africa, Australia, and New Zealand. Australia was one of the last-invaded of these territories, and, in respect of the issues that we are exploring, was in some senses distinctive. Unlike Canada and South Africa, there was no long, slow period of trade and interaction with the indigenous population; like the Caribbean, the Aboriginal people were quickly displaced by disease and conquest. The relative scale of the pastoral economy was greater than in any other British colony. Supply of meat and dairy products to rapidly growing ports and urban centres was one priority for livestock farmers. Cattle ranching remained a major feature of livestock production in Australia. Bullock-carts, not dissimilar to South African ox-wagons, were essential for Australian transport up to the 1870s. But for well over a century, from the 1820s to the 1950s and beyond, sheep flooded the southern lands. Although mutton became a significant export from New Zealand and South America, wool was probably the major product of these pastoral hinterlands—and a key focus of production in Australia and South Africa. The growth in antipodean sheep numbers was staggering.
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Mitchell, Peter. "The Old World: Southern Africa and Australasia." In Horse Nations. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198703839.003.0014.

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So far we have seen how Indigenous societies in North and South America exploited the opportunities created by the horse’s reintroduction in the aftermath of Columbus’ voyage of 1492. But the Americas were not the only part of the world to which Europeans brought the horse. In southern Africa other members of the genus Equus, the plains and mountain zebras, were long established, but before European settlement the only animal ridden there—and then very little—was the ox. Australia, on the other hand, though rich in marsupials, had no purely terrestrial placental mammals except people and dogs. Finding a vacant ecological niche, horses and other animals introduced by Europeans quickly established themselves in the wild. Much the same holds for New Zealand, which had no mammals at all (save bats) until Polynesians settled it less than four hundred years before the first European visitor, Abel Tasman, in 1642. Southern Africa, Australia, and New Zealand therefore all gave new, and different, opportunities to horses. How their Indigenous human populations interacted with the new arrival also varied. In southern Africa horses encountered some societies that had domestic livestock of their own, others who combined livestock with cereal cultivation, and yet others (those of greatest interest here) who were hunters and gatherers. In Australia, only the last of these variations was present, while in New Zealand, although most Māori did grow crops, dogs were the only domestic animals. The first Europeans to visit southern Africa were the Portuguese. Rounding the Cape of Good Hope in 1488 they completed the circumnavigation of the continent’s southern tip ten years later to reach India. Portugal did not, however, establish settlements in what eventually became South Africa, preferring to sail round it to reach Mozambique. For over a century its disinterest was shared by the other Europeans who occasionally used Cape Town’s Table Bay or other spots along the coast to take on fresh water or trade for livestock from Indigenous Khoe herders.
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Khandelwal, Risha, and Princi Gupta. "New Trade Frontiers Between India and Australia." In Strategic Cooperation and Partnerships Between Australia and South Asia, 280–300. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8657-0.ch013.

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The rising geopolitical tensions between China and Australia can develop new trade frontiers between India, Australia, and the South Asian region as a whole. With this view, the chapter aims to study the present state of bilateral trade relations between India-Australia, identify obstacles that hindered the growth of trade relations between India-Australia in the past, understand the impact of comprehensive economic cooperation for free trade agreement between the two countries. The chapter further discusses the challenges that COVID-19 has posed for trade between Australia and China as well as the future opportunities for bilateral trade between India and Australia. The 2020-21 Australia-India Joint Statement on Comprehensive Strategic Partnership and Comprehensive Economic Cooperation agreement is a step forward in a positive direction in meeting many of the UN SDGs. This chapter is essential for understanding the complexities of “trade creation” between (India and Australia) and “trade diversion” between (China and Australia).
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"ANZUS Council on Indonesia and Holland; Aid to South Vietnam, the Common Market and Trade Deals." In Letters to Australia, Volume 6, 89–91. Sydney University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvx5w93p.36.

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9

Guillaume, Joseph H. A., Alvar Closas, and Andrew McCallum. "Groundwater allocation in New South Wales, Australia." In Water Resources Allocation and Agriculture, 143–58. IWA Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/9781789062786_0143.

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Abstract New South Wales has more than 100 years of history of water licensing and allocation. This chapter reflects on the approach to water allocation in the current groundwater sharing plans, including general principles and underlying reasoning for application elsewhere. Focus is on groundwater-specific issues for transition from open to regulated access, while embedded within broader water regulations and connections to surface water management. Water allocation is built around water sharing plans that determine extraction limits, with community consultation. Water rights are differentiated in terms of water sources and priority, separated from land ownership, and from time-varying water allocations, subject to available water determinations. Both water entitlements and allocations can be traded, with rules governing impact of trade. Water sharing plans are state-level instruments explicitly connected in applicable regions to the Commonwealth-level Murray-Darling Basin Plan and associated extraction limits. Compliance is based firstly on metering of water extractions. Future prospects are also discussed.
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Chowdhury, Mamta B., Ataus Samad, and Md Sayfullah. "Australia's Trade and Investment Strategy in the Post-COVID-19 Era." In Strategic Cooperation and Partnerships Between Australia and South Asia, 301–26. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8657-0.ch014.

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This chapter examines how the trade and investment relationship between Australia and the Asia-Pacific nations has been evolving over the past decades. The chapter also reflects on the gradual shift of trade and diplomatic relationships in this region since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. The ongoing global pandemic has not only been disrupting the global economic and geopolitical environment but also reshaping the trade relationship in the region. The chapter explores the greater trade and investment opportunities between Australia and South Asia with a special emphasis on the increased potential bilateral trade partnership with Bangladesh. Following the neoclassical comparative advantage theories, this study suggests that long-run economic benefits and synergies can be enhanced by utilising the ample trade opportunities created by the COVID-19 pandemic to achieve numerous UNSDGs. Therefore, strengthening further trade and diplomatic alliances between Australia and Bangladesh will be mutually beneficial and generate positive growth and development effects for both countries.
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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Wheat trade Australia South Australia"

1

Marfella, Giorgio. "Seeds of Concrete Progress: Grain Elevators and Technology Transfer between America and Australia." In The 38th Annual Conference of the Society of Architectural Historians Australia and New Zealand. online: SAHANZ, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55939/a4000pi5hk.

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Modern concrete silos and grain elevators are a persistent source of interest and fascination for architects, industrial archaeologists, painters, photographers, and artists. The legacy of the Australian examples of the early 1900s is appreciated primarily by a popular culture that allocates value to these structures on aesthetic grounds. Several aspects of construction history associated with this early modern form of civil engineering have been less explored. In the 1920s and 1930s, concrete grain elevator stations blossomed along the railway networks of the Australian Wheat Belts, marking with their vertical presence the landscapes of many rural towns in New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria, and Western Australia. The Australian reception of this industrial building type of American origin reflects the modern nation-building aspirations of State Governments of the early 1900s. The development of fast-tracked, self-climbing methods for constructing concrete silos, a technology also imported from America, illustrates the critical role of concrete in that effort of nation-building. The rural and urban proliferation of concrete silos in Australia also helped establish a confident local concrete industry that began thriving with automatic systems of movable formwork, mastering and ultimately transferring these construction methods to multi-storey buildings after WWII. Although there is an evident link between grain elevators and the historiographical propaganda of heroic modernism, that nexus should not induce to interpret old concrete silos as a vestige of modern aesthetics. As catalysts of technical and economic development in Australia, Australian wheat silos also bear important significance due to the international technology transfer and local repercussions of their fast-tracked concrete construction methods.
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2

He, Suoying, Guanhong Zhang, Yi Xu, and Fengzhong Sun. "The Inlet Air Pre-Cooling of Natural Draft Dry Cooling Towers-Wetted Medium Issue." In ASME 2017 Power Conference Joint With ICOPE-17 collocated with the ASME 2017 11th International Conference on Energy Sustainability, the ASME 2017 15th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2017 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power-icope2017-3235.

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Dry cooling towers are an alternative cooling method when large quantities of water are not available. Examples of the proposed applications are the enhanced geothermal and concentrated solar thermal (CST) power plants in arid or semi-arid areas, like south-western United States, Australia, western Asia, north-western China and the rest of the world. Natural draft dry cooling towers (NDDCTs) have received widespread attention because they do not consume water, have low maintenance requirements and cause small parasitic losses. Unfortunately, the performance of a NDDCT is severely reduced when the ambient air is hot, which is because the NDDCT is driven by buoyancy effect and relies solely on air to cool the working fluid. The present study introduces inlet air pre-cooling using wetted media, which combines dry and wet cooling. The wet cooling system only operates at high ambient temperatures to assist dry cooling. However, wetted-medium cooling introduces extra pressure drop which reduces the air flow passing through the NDDCT and thus impairs the tower heat rejection. To this end, this paper takes into account the trade-off between the wetted-medium cooling and the extra pressure drop. Early studies find that the performance of NDDCTs can be improved by wetted-medium evaporative pre-cooling when the ambient air is hot and dry. However, the pre-cooling enhancement is seasonal-dependent and is significantly affected by wetted media. To further investigate the effect of wetted medium type on pre-cooling performance, the current study simulates a pre-cooled NDDCT using five selected wetted media (i.e., three film and two trickle media) based on a self-developed MATLAB program. The innovations of the current study are: (1) two typical types of wetted media with the potential of evaporative pre-cooling are comparatively studied to give suggestions for future pre-cooling design; (2) the characteristics of wetted media suitable for evaporative pre-cooling of NDDCTs are summarized. The simulation finds that the media with high or low cooling efficiencies and pressure drops are not promising while those media with middle cooling efficiencies and pressure drops intend to produce much performance enhancement of the studied NDDCT. The film medium, Cellulose7060 with pressure drops of 28.6–272.1 Pa/m and cooling efficiency range of 44.7–88.5% is most promising for such pre-cooling enhancement. For the studied NDDCT, the critical temperatures below which the tower performance does not benefit but is hindered by wetted-medium pre-cooling are 28, 16, 30, 26 and 26°C for cellulose7090, cellulose7060, PVC1200, Trickle125 and Trickle100, respectively (ambient humidity of 20% and medium thickness of 200mm). The pre-cooling enhancements can go up to 100% by 200mm-thick cellulose7060 at extreme hot and dry climate (i.e., ambient temperature of 50°C and humidity of 20%). The simulation will give instructions for the design of pre-cooled NDDCTs.
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