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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 19 лютого 2022

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Статті в журналах з теми "Wheat South Australia Growth"

Zubaidi, A., G. K. McDonald, and G. J. Hollamby. "Shoot growth, root growth and grain yield of bread and durum wheat in South Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 39, no. 6 (1999): 709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea98184.

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Summary. In South Australia, durum wheat yields more than bread wheat under well-watered and fertile conditions, but over much of the state’s cereal belt the yields of durum wheat, relative to bread wheat, are low. Three experiments were conducted over 3 years at 2 sites to compare the growth and yield of bread and durum wheat and to investigate some of the reasons for the differences in the relative yields of the 2 cereals. Durum wheat yielded less than bread wheat when annual rainfall was less than about 450 mm or when the site mean yield for bread wheat was less than 250 g/m2. Compared with bread wheat, durum wheat had poorer early vigour, which was associated with fewer tillers/m2, and produced fewer kernels/m2. Under favourable grain filling conditions, durum wheat produced larger kernels than bread wheat but its kernel weight was more variable across sites and seasons and consequently, the relative yields of the 2 cereals depended largely on kernel weight. For example, in a wet year, durum wheat yielded 20% more than bread wheat, despite producing 16% fewer kernels/m2, because of its larger kernels (52 v. 36 mg). In 2 drier years, kernel weights of durum and bread wheat were similar (durum and bread wheat mean kernel weights: 40 v. 37 mg; 30 v. 33 mg) and so durum was unable to overcome the limitation of fewer kernels/m2 and its yields were similar to or less than bread wheat. Root length densities of durum and bread wheat below 30 cm were low. Durum wheat had an equivalent or lower root length density than bread wheat and lower length per gram of root dry matter, indicating less finely divided roots. This suggests that durum wheat may sometimes be less able than bread wheat to utilise moisture and nutrient reserves in the subsoil because of a smaller root system. This is an undesirable characteristic for a crop that appears to be more reliant than bread wheat on producing large kernels for high yields. Efforts to improve the yield of durum wheat, either through genetic improvement or by agronomic means, should focus on reducing the levels of stress during the post anthesis period so that limitations to kernel growth are minimised. Improving the early vigour of the crop, having cultivars of the appropriate maturity and with adequate levels of resistance to root disease, and improving root growth and function in the subsoil are likely to be desirable characteristics.

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Choct, M., R. J. Hughes, and G. Annison. "Apparent metabolisable energy and chemical composition of Australian wheat in relation to environmental factors." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 50, no. 4 (1999): 447. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/a98155.

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A total of 81 wheats collected from New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia, Queensland, and Western Australia over 3 harvests were assayed for apparent metabolisable energy (AME) in broiler chickens. The non-starch polysaccharides (soluble and insoluble) and their individual sugar components, starch, and protein were also determined. The nutritive quality of wheat varied significantly (P < 0.01), especially at time of harvest, with approximately 40% having an average AME value <13 MJ/kg dry matter. The low-AME wheats usually caused copious quantities of watery and sticky droppings. The occurrence of low-AME wheats was associated more with climatic conditions during growth than with geographical region.

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McMullen, K. G., and J. M. Virgona. "Dry matter production and grain yield from grazed wheat in southern New South Wales." Animal Production Science 49, no. 10 (2009): 769. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an09055.

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In southern New South Wales, Australia, grazing wheat during the vegetative and early reproductive growth stages (typically during winter) can provide a valuable contribution of high quality feed during a period of low pasture growth. This paper reports results from a series of experiments investigating the agronomic management of grazed wheats in southern NSW. The effect of sowing date and grazing on dry matter production and subsequent grain yield of a range of wheat cultivars was measured in five experiments in 2004 and 2005. In all experiments, results were compared with ungrazed spring wheat (cv. Diamondbird). Grain yield of the best winter cultivar was either the same or significantly greater than the spring cultivar in each of the five experiments. Within the winter wheat cultivars, there was significant variation in grain yield, protein content and screenings, depending on site and year with the cultivar Marombi out-yielding all others. Interestingly, this cultivar usually had the least dry matter post-grazing but the greatest dry matter by anthesis of the winter wheats. Generally, if sowing of the winter wheat was delayed, then the effects on yield were small or non-existent. The results are discussed with respect to the benefits of incorporating grazing cereals into cropping programs in the medium rainfall zone of southern Australia.

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Evans, J., NA Fettell, DR Coventry, GE O'Connor, DN Walsgott, J. Mahoney, and EL Armstrong. "Wheat response after temperate crop legumes in south-eastern Australia." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 42, no. 1 (1991): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9910031.

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At 15 sites in the cereal belt of New South Wales and Victoria, wheat after lupin or pea produced more biomass and had a greater nitrogen (N) content than wheat after wheat or barley; on average these crops assimilated 36 kg N/ha more. The improved wheat yield after lupin averaged 0 . 9 t/ha and after pea 0.7 t/ha, increases of 44 and 32% respectively. The responses were variable with site, year and legume. Soil available N was increased by both lupin and pea and the levels of surface inorganic N measured at the maturity of first year crops was often related to N in wheat grown in the following year. Of two possible sources of additional N for wheat after legumes, namely mineral N conserved in soil by lupin or pea (up to 60 kg N/ha) and the total N added in the residues of these legumes (up to 152 kg N/ha), both were considered significant to the growth of a following wheat crop. Their relative contribution to explaining variance in wheat N is analysed, and it is suggested wheat may acquire up to 40 kg N/ha from legume stubbles. Non-legume break crops also increased subsequent wheat yield but this effect was not as great as the combined effect of added N and disease break attained with crop legumes.

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Coutts, B. A., N. E. B. Hammond, M. A. Kehoe, and R. A. C. Jones. "Finding Wheat streak mosaic virus in south-west Australia." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 59, no. 9 (2008): 836. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar08034.

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Between 2003 and summer 2006, 33 659 samples of wheat and grasses were collected from diverse locations in south-west Australia and tested for presence of Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV), but none was detected. In April–early May 2006, 2840 random samples of volunteer wheat from 28 fields on 24 farms in 6 districts in the grainbelt were tested. WSMV was detected for the first time, the infected samples coming from three fields, one in the Hyden and two in the Esperance districts. In ‘follow-up’ surveys in May 2006 in the same two districts, 8983 samples of volunteer wheat or grasses were tested, and the virus was detected on further farms, two in the Hyden and four in the Esperance districts. Incidences of infection in volunteer wheat were 1–8%, but WSMV was not found in grasses. By September 2006, when 1769 samples from further visits were tested, WSMV was detected in wheat crops or volunteer wheat plants at 2/3 of the original farms, with infection also found at one of them in barley, volunteer oats, and barley grass (Hordeum sp.). When samples of the seed stocks originally used in 2005 to plant five of the fields containing infected volunteer wheat at the three original infected farms were tested, seed transmission of WSMV was detected in four of them (0.1–0.2% transmission rates). In August–October 2006, 16 436 samples were collected in a growing-season survey for WSMV in wheat trials and crops throughout the grainbelt. WSMV was detected in 33% of ‘variety’ trials, 18% of other trials, 13% of seed ‘increase’ crops, and 52% of commercial crops. Incidences of infection were <1–100% within individual crops, <1–17% in trials, and <1–3% in seed increase crops. WSMV-infected sites were concentrated in the low-rainfall zone (east) of the central grainbelt. This area received considerable summer rains in 2006, which allowed growth of a substantial ‘green ramp’ of volunteer cereals and grasses, favouring infection of subsequent wheat plantings. WSMV was also detected at low levels over a much wider area involving all rainfall zones, from Dongara in the north to Esperance in the south. All 26 122 samples collected in January–May 2006 and 515 with possible WSMV symptoms collected in August–October 2006 were also tested for High plains virus (HPV), but it was not detected.

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Radke, J. K., A. R. Dexter, and O. J. Devine. "Tillage Effects on Soil Temperature, Soil Water, and Wheat Growth in South Australia." Soil Science Society of America Journal 49, no. 6 (November 1985): 1542–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1985.03615995004900060042x.

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Zubaidi, A., G. K. McDonald, and G. J. Hollamby. "Nutrient uptake and distribution by bread and durum wheat under drought conditions in South Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 39, no. 6 (1999): 721. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea98185.

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Summary. An important limitation to the production of durum wheat in South Australia is its poor adaptation to the alkaline, sodic soils of the cereal belt, which often results in nutrient imbalances in the crop. A field experiment was conducted at Palmer, South Australia, to measure the nutrient uptake and distribution between grain and straw of 3 bread wheat cultivars and 9 cultivars and breeding lines of durum wheat. The purpose of the work was to characterise the patterns of nutrient uptake and to examine whether there were major, consistent differences between bread wheat and durum wheat. Rainfall during the growing season was below average and the crops suffered from drought stress after anthesis. Plants were marginally deficient or deficient in nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and zinc (Zn), and boron (B) concentrations were high. Compared with bread wheat, durum wheat had a very much higher concentration of sodium (Na), higher concentrations of calcium (Ca) and sulfur (S), but lower concentrations of potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn) and copper (Cu). Total amounts of P, Zn and Na in the shoot continued to increase throughout the growing season with significant increases occurring during grain filling, whereas there was little increase in the amount of N, K, B and Mn during grain filling. The maximum rate of nutrient uptake occurred before the time of maximum crop growth rate, and was in the order K (10.1 weeks after sowing), N (10.6), P (11.3), Mn (12.0), Zn (12.5) and B (14.6); maximum growth rate occurred at 14.8 weeks. There was no consistent difference between bread and durum wheat in the partitioning of nutrients to the grain. The importance of N and Zn uptake to the growth of the durum wheat genotypes was shown by significant correlations between maximum uptake rates of these nutrients and maximum crop growth rate, with the strongest correlation being with Zn. Growth rate was not correlated with uptake rates of other nutrients. A number of genotypes of durum wheat had maximum rates of Zn and Mn accumulation up to twice those of the current commercial genotypes. Some of these lines have yielded well at Zn- and Mn-deficient sites which indicates that the micronutrient efficiency of durum can be improved. Late in the season the experiment showed signs of infection by crown rot (Fusarium graminearum Schw. Group 1). Durum wheat showed more severe symptoms than bread wheat and the number of white heads in durum wheat was inversely correlated with the concentration of Zn in the shoot during the pre-anthesis period.

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Angus, J. F., A. F. van Herwaarden, D. P. Heenan, R. A. Fischer, and G. N. Howe. "The source of mineral nitrogen for cereals in south-eastern Australia." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 49, no. 3 (1998): 511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/a97125.

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The relative importance of soil mineral nitrogen (N) available at the time of sowing ormineralised during the growing season was investigated for 6 crops of dryland wheat. The soil mineral N in the root-zone was sampled at sowing and maturity and the rate of net mineralisation in the top 10 cm was estimated by sequential sampling throughout the growing season, using an in situ method. Mineralisation during crop growth was modelled in relation to total soil N, ambient temperature, andsoil water content. Mineral N accumulated before sowing varied by a factor of 3 between the sites (from 67 to 195 kgN/ha), while the net mineralisation during crop growth varied by a factor of 2 (from 43 to 99 kgN/ha). The model indicated that 0·092% of total N was mineralised per day when temperature and water were not limiting, with rates decreasing for lower temperatures and soil water contents. When tested with independent data, the model predicted the mineralisation rate of soil growing continuous wheat crops but underestimated mineralisation of soil in a clover-wheat rotation. For crops yielding <3 t/ha, the supply of N was mostly from mineralisation during crop growth and the contribution from mineral N accumulated before sowing was relatively small. For crops yielding >4 t/ha, thesupply of N was mostly from N present in the soil at the time of sowing. The implication is that for crops to achieve their water-limited yield, they must be supplied with an amount of N greater than can be expected from mineralisation during the growing season, either from fertiliser or from mineral N accumulated earlier.

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Latta, R. A. "Performance of spring cereal genotypes under defoliation on the Eyre Peninsula, South Australia." Crop and Pasture Science 66, no. 4 (2015): 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp14026.

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In mixed cropping and livestock dryland farming systems in southern Australia, grazing of cereals during their vegetative growth stages (typically during winter) can provide a valuable contribution of high-quality feed during a period of low pasture growth. This paper reports results from a series of experiments investigating the impact of defoliation on the grain production of cereals in the Eyre Peninsula region of South Australia. The comparative dry matter production and grain yield of wheat, barley and oats cultivars, with and without defoliation, at a range of growth stages were measured in four experiments over three growing seasons, two of which were water-deficient. The barley varieties evaluated produced up to twice the dry matter of the wheat or oats cultivars to the time of defoliation. Mowing following stem elongation more than halved grain yield (1.9 to 0.9 t ha–1) relative to no defoliation in an early-maturing variety, but with less reduction in later maturing varieties. Defoliation before stem elongation in two seasons of very low growing-season rainfall (<100 mm) caused no or very little loss in grain yields, which were generally <1 t ha–1. A long-season winter wheat produced similar grain yields irrespective of defoliation and timing, but with no yield advantage over the defoliated spring cereals. The results suggest opportunities to incorporate the grazing of cereals to fill a winter feed-gap in the low-rainfall zone of southern Australia.

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Ryan, M. H., R. M. Norton, J. A. Kirkegaard, K. M. McCormick, S. E. Knights, and J. F. Angus. "Increasing mycorrhizal colonisation does not improve growth and nutrition of wheat on Vertosols in south-eastern Australia." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 53, no. 10 (2002): 1173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar02005.

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Most crops host arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Canola and other brassicas are some of the few exceptions. This study examined AM fungal colonisation, uptake of phosphorus (P) and zinc (Zn), growth, and yield of wheat following brassicas and crops that host AMF in 5 crop-sequence experiments in southern New South Wales and Victoria. All experiments were on alkaline Vertosols, similar to soils in the northern wheatbelt on which low AM fungal colonisation of wheat following canola, or long-fallow, has been reported to induce poor crop growth. Soils with a broad range of extractable P concentrations were chosen. AM fungal colonisation of wheat was generally lower following brassicas than hosts of AMF, although this varied with year and location. The effect on wheat AM fungal colonisation levels did not vary between brassicas with differing levels and types of root glucosinolates. Low AM fungal colonisation did not affect early wheat growth, pre-anthesis P and Zn uptake, or yield. A positive relationship between AM fungal colonisation and grain Zn and P concentrations occurred in one experiment. High levels of colonisation by AMF did not protect crop roots from damage by root pathogens and high levels of pathogen damage made interpretation of results difficult in some instances. As these findings are consistent with results from an experiment on an acidic Kandosol in southern New South Wales, it appears farmers do not need to consider the degree to which wheat will be colonised by AMF when planning crop sequences in south-eastern Australia.

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Дисертації з теми "Wheat South Australia Growth"

Zubaidi, Akhmad. "Growth and yield of durum and bread wheat." Title page, contents and summary only, 1996. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09A/09az93.pdf.

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Bibliography: leaves 148-160. A series of experiments was conducted to examine the growth and nutrient uptake of durum and bread wheat at a number of sites in South Australia. The experiments examined response to water stress, the pattern of root and shoot growth, soil water extraction and nutrient uptake among a range of adapted bread wheat and durum wheat cultivars.

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Holloway, Robert E. "Factors affecting the growth of wheat roots in the subsoils of upper Eyre Peninsula, South Australia /." Adelaide : University of Adelaide, 1991. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09A/09ah745.pdf.

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Kitchen, Julie Louise. "Nutrition and nutrional value of wheat grown in organic and conventional farming systems in South Australia." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phk618.pdf.

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Brooks, Brenton James. "Breeding durum wheat for South Australia /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2004. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phb8731.pdf.

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Lotfollahi, Mohammad. "The effect of subsoil mineral nitrogen on grain protein concentration of wheat." Title page, table of contents and summary only, 1996. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phl882.pdf.

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Copy of author's previously published work inserted. Bibliography: leaves 147-189. This project examines the uptake of mineral N from the subsoil after anthesis and its effect on grain protein concentration (GPC) of wheat. The overall objective is to examine the importance of subsoil mineral N and to investigate the ability of wheat to take up N from the subsoil late in the season under different conditions of N supply and soil water availability. Greenhouse experiments investigate the importance of subsoil mineral N availability on GPC of wheat and the factors that contribute to the effective utilisation of N. The recovery of N from subsoil, the effect of split N application on GPC and short term N uptake by the wheat at different rooting densities are also studied.

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Sloane, David. "Early vigour : its role in enhancing the productivity of wheat grown in South Australia /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AFP/09afps634.pdf.

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Moussavi-Nik, Mohsen. "Seed quality and crop establishment in wheat." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phm933.pdf.

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Bibliography: leaves 247-268. A series of laboratory, greenhouse and field experiments were conducted to investigate aspects of seed quality in a range of bread wheat genotypes important in South Australia as well as a durum cultivar, Yallaroi. It was concluded that sound healthy seed does vary in quality and this affects seedling vigour, crop establishment and grain yield. Seed source can affect genotype performance in evaluation trials. There is genetic variability for embryo size, coleoptile length, nutrient efficiency and nutrient loading in to the seed which can be exploited by breeders. Agronomically, seed quality can be improved by managing seed crops to aid accumulation of mineral nutrients in the seed and then selecting, by grading, only large seed for sowing.

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Taheri, Abdolhossein. "Interaction between root lesion nematode, Pratylenchus neglectus, and root-rotting fungi of wheat." Title page, contents and summary only, 1996. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09pht128.pdf.

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Bibliography: leaves 307-329. This study concludes that in soils in South Australia where root-rotting fungi and P. neglectus exist together, root disease of wheat is caused by their combined effect. Evidence suggests that P. neglectus not only contributes to this interaction through mechanical wounding of roots, but also causes biochemical and physiological changes in plants, making them more prone to fungal infection.

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Whittle, P. J. L. "Studies on common root rot and Bipolaris sorokiniana in wheat and barley in South Australia /." Adelaide : Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Departments of Crop Protection and Plant Science, 1992. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phw6274.pdf.

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Nicol, Julie. "The distribution, pathogenicity and population dynamics of Pratylenchus thornei on wheat in South Australia." Title page, contents and summary only, 1996. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phn634.pdf.

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Bibliography: leaves 224-236. The study aimed to determine the distribution of both P. thornei and P. neglectus in South Australia. Also to study the field and laboratory population dynamics of P. thornei in relation to wheat yields, to determine its host range on a variety of cereal and non-leguminous hosts and to identify possible sources of nematode resistant wheat cultivars/varieties. Preliminary experiments studied the involvement of root rotting fungi with the nematode in wheat disease.

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Книги з теми "Wheat South Australia Growth"

Fred, Robins. An economic growth strategy for South Australia: A window to the 21st century. Melbourne: Committee for Economic Development of Australia, 1990.

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Buckingham, Mark. "The world market for wheat and barley and the role of China as an emerging market": A study tour to South East Asia, the USA, Canada, Australia and China. [Maresfield]: Nuffield Farming Scholarships Trust, 1998.

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Fremlin, R. R. A. Growth and potential of coniferous species in the south-west of Western Australia: A report on the progress of three arboreta. [Pretoria]: Forests Dept. of W.A., 1985.

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International Workshop on Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (3rd 1994 Adelaide, S. Aust.). Improving plant productivity with rhizosphere bacteria: Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria : Adelaide, South Australia, March 7-11, 1994. Glen Osmond, S. Aust: CSIRO, 1994.

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Leviathan: The unauthorised biography of Sydney. Milsons Point, N.S.W: Vintage, 2000.

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Calabresi, Steven Gow. The History and Growth of Judicial Review, Volume 1. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190075774.001.0001.

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These two books examine the history and growth of judicial review in the key G-20 constitutional democracies, which include the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Japan, Italy, India, Canada, Australia, South Korea, Brazil, South Africa, Indonesia, Mexico, and the European Union. Both books look at four different theories, which help to explain the birth of judicial review, and to identify which theories apply best in the various countries discussed. The two books consider not only what gives rise to judicial review originally, but also what causes of judicial review lead it to grow and become more powerful and prominent over time. The positive account of what causes the origins and growth of judicial review in so many very different countries, over such a long period of time, has normative implications for the future of judicial review, of the G-20 nations, and of the European Union. This is first sustained positive account of the origins and growth of judicial review in the G-20 constitutional democracies, and in a few other regimes as well. Volume I discusses the G-20 Nations that are Common Law democracies, as well as Israel, and Volume II discusses the G-20 Nations that are Civil Law democracies, as well as the mixed civil law/common law power of the European Court of Justice and of the European Court of Human Rights.

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Calabresi, Steven Gow. The History and Growth of Judicial Review, Volume 2. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190075736.001.0001.

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This second volume builds on the story of Volume I as to the origins and growth of judicial review in the key G-20 constitutional democracies, which include the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Japan, Italy, India, Canada, Australia, South Korea, Brazil, South Africa, Indonesia, Mexico, and the European Union. In addition to discussing the judicial review systems of the major civil law countries in this Volume, I also discuss the birth and growth in power of the European Court of Justice and of the European Court of Human Rights, both of which hear cases ffrom common law as well as civil law countries. This Volume considers the four major theories that help to explain the origins of judicial review, which I discussed as to common law countries. Volume II identifies which theories of the origination and growth in power of judicial review apply best in the various countries discussed. Volume II considers not only what gives rise to judicial review originally, but also what leads to the growth of judicial power over time. My positive account of what causes the birth and growth of judicial review in so many very different countries over such a long period of time may have normative implications for those constitution writers who want a strong form of judicial review to come into being.

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F, White P., ed. Long term effects of direct drilling and conventional cultivation on the distribution of nutrients and organic C in soils of South Western Australia. South Perth, W.A: Division of Plant Industries, Western Australian Dept. of Agriculture, 1989.

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Lindenmayer, David, Damian Michael, Mason Crane, Sachiko Okada, Daniel Florance, Philip Barton, and Karen Ikin. Wildlife Conservation in Farm Landscapes. CSIRO Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9781486303113.

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An increasing number of Australians want to be assured that the food and fibre being produced on this continent have been grown and harvested in an ecologically sustainable way. Ecologically sustainable farming conserves the array of species that are integral to key ecological processes such as pollination, seed dispersal, natural pest control and the decomposition of waste. Wildlife Conservation in Farm Landscapes communicates new scientific information about best practice ways to integrate conservation and agriculture in the temperate eucalypt woodland belt of eastern Australia. It is based on the large body of scientific literature in this field, as well as long-term studies at 790 permanent sites on over 290 farms extending throughout Victoria, New South Wales and south-east Queensland. Richly illustrated, with chapters on birds, mammals, reptiles, invertebrates and plants, this book illustrates how management interventions can promote nature conservation and what practices have the greatest benefit for biodiversity. Together the new insights in this book inform whole-of-farm planning. Wildlife Conservation in Farm Landscapes is an ideal resource for land managers and farmers interested in integrating farming and environmental values and anyone interested in biodiversity in woodlands and agricultural zones. Recipient of a 2017 Whitley Awards Certificate of Commendation for Conservation in Action

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Spracher, William C. Teaching Intelligence in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Canada. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.308.

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Intelligence studies, as taught by specialized departments or institutes and leading to degrees with the word “intelligence” in their titles, is a relatively new phenomenon. Intelligence is considered a profession, while intelligence studies can probably best be described as an emerging discipline that has yet to reach full maturity. Much of the more recent data on teaching intelligence is in the hands of professional associations, government agencies, and nongovernmental organizations dealing with the intelligence profession. Some of the government academic institutions which served as the wellspring for many of the nongovernmental programs that blossomed later are the Department of Defense institutions, the National Defense Intelligence College, and the National Defense University. There are also professional journals and other publications covering intelligence studies courses, as well as nongovernmental professional organizations that students of intelligence can join, such as the National Military Intelligence Association and the International Studies Association. At the international level, intelligence studies courses are offered in countries like the UK, Canada, Australia, South Africa, Israel, and Brazil. The next step is to determine what specifically is being taught, and how, among the growing number of colleges and universities getting into the business of teaching intelligence, especially in the wake of 9/11. A significant is the phenomenal growth of online programs, which allow deployed military and civilian personnel to study intelligence while practicing the theory they are learning.

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Частини книг з теми "Wheat South Australia Growth"

Rauscher, Raymond Charles, and Salim Momtaz. "South Sydney District—Inner City Growth Centre." In Sustainable Neighbourhoods in Australia, 175–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17572-0_11.

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Guo, William W., Lily D. Li, and Greg Whymark. "Simulating Wheat Yield in New South Wales of Australia Using Interpolation and Neural Networks." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 708–15. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-17534-3_87.

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Keirl, Steve, and Denise Macgregor. "The Growth of Primary Design and Technology Teacher Education in South Australia." In International Handbook of Primary Technology Education, 77–88. Rotterdam: SensePublishers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6091-546-8_7.

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Oliver, D. P., K. G. Tiller, M. K. Conyers, W. J. Slattery, R. H. Merry, and A. M. Alston. "The effects of soil pH on Cd concentration in wheat grain grown in south-eastern Australia." In Plant-Soil Interactions at Low pH: Principles and Management, 791–95. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0221-6_127.

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Gracey, Michael, and Helen Sullivan. "A prospective study of growth and nutrition of Aboriginal children from birth to two years in North-West Australia." In Child Nutrition in South East Asia, 107–15. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1996-9_8.

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Scotts, David J. "Old-growth forests: their ecological characteristics and value to forest-dependent vertebrate fauna of south-east Australia." In Conservation of Australia’s Forest Fauna, 147–59. P.O. Box 20, Mosman NSW 2088, Australia: Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.7882/rzsnsw.1991.014.

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van Ham, Maarten, Tiit Tammaru, Rūta Ubarevičienė, and Heleen Janssen. "Rising Inequalities and a Changing Social Geography of Cities. An Introduction to the Global Segregation Book." In The Urban Book Series, 3–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64569-4_1.

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AbstractThe book “Urban Socio-Economic Segregation and Income Inequality: a Global Perspective” investigates the link between income inequality and residential segregation between socio-economic groups in 24 large cities and their urban regions in Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, and South America. Author teams with in-depth local knowledge provide an extensive analysis of each case study city. Based on their findings, the main results of the book can be summarised as follows. Rising inequalities lead to rising levels of socio-economic segregation almost everywhere in the world. Levels of inequality and segregation are higher in cities in lower income countries, but the growth in inequality and segregation is faster in cities in high-income countries, which leads to a convergence of global trends. In many cities the workforce is professionalising, with an increasing share of the top socio-economic groups. In most cities the high-income workers are moving to the centre or to attractive coastal areas, and low-income workers are moving to the edges of the urban region. In some cities, mainly in lower income countries, high-income workers are also concentrating in out-of-centre enclaves or gated communities. The urban geography of inequality changes faster and is more pronounced than city-wide single-number segregation indices reveal. Taken together, these findings have resulted in the formulation of a Global Segregation Thesis.

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Beinart, William, and Lotte Hughes. "Sheep, Pastures, and Demography in Australia." In Environment and Empire. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199260317.003.0011.

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Succeeding phases of British economic growth prompted strikingly different imperatives for expansion, for natural resource exploitation, and for the social organization of extra-European production. In the eighteenth century, sugar, African slaves, and shipping in the Atlantic world provided one major dynamic of empire. But in the nineteenth century, antipodean settlement and trade, especially that resulting from expanding settler pastoral frontiers, was responsible for some of the most dramatic social and environmental transformations. Plantations occupied relatively little space in the new social geography of world production. By contrast, commercial pastoralism, which took root most energetically in the temperate and semi-arid regions of the newly conquered world, was land-hungry but relatively light in its demands for labour. The Spanish Empire based in Mexico can be considered a forerunner. By the 1580s, within fifty years of their introduction, there were an estimated 4.5 million merino sheep in the Mexican highlands. The livestock economy, incorporating cattle as well as sheep, spread northwards through Mexico to what became California by the eighteenth century. Settler intrusions followed in the vast landmasses of southern Latin America, southern Africa, Australia, and New Zealand. Australia was one of the last-invaded of these territories, and, in respect of the issues that we are exploring, was in some senses distinctive. Unlike Canada and South Africa, there was no long, slow period of trade and interaction with the indigenous population; like the Caribbean, the Aboriginal people were quickly displaced by disease and conquest. The relative scale of the pastoral economy was greater than in any other British colony. Supply of meat and dairy products to rapidly growing ports and urban centres was one priority for livestock farmers. Cattle ranching remained a major feature of livestock production in Australia. Bullock-carts, not dissimilar to South African ox-wagons, were essential for Australian transport up to the 1870s. But for well over a century, from the 1820s to the 1950s and beyond, sheep flooded the southern lands. Although mutton became a significant export from New Zealand and South America, wool was probably the major product of these pastoral hinterlands—and a key focus of production in Australia and South Africa. The growth in antipodean sheep numbers was staggering.

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Mitchell, Peter. "The Old World: Southern Africa and Australasia." In Horse Nations. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198703839.003.0014.

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So far we have seen how Indigenous societies in North and South America exploited the opportunities created by the horse’s reintroduction in the aftermath of Columbus’ voyage of 1492. But the Americas were not the only part of the world to which Europeans brought the horse. In southern Africa other members of the genus Equus, the plains and mountain zebras, were long established, but before European settlement the only animal ridden there—and then very little—was the ox. Australia, on the other hand, though rich in marsupials, had no purely terrestrial placental mammals except people and dogs. Finding a vacant ecological niche, horses and other animals introduced by Europeans quickly established themselves in the wild. Much the same holds for New Zealand, which had no mammals at all (save bats) until Polynesians settled it less than four hundred years before the first European visitor, Abel Tasman, in 1642. Southern Africa, Australia, and New Zealand therefore all gave new, and different, opportunities to horses. How their Indigenous human populations interacted with the new arrival also varied. In southern Africa horses encountered some societies that had domestic livestock of their own, others who combined livestock with cereal cultivation, and yet others (those of greatest interest here) who were hunters and gatherers. In Australia, only the last of these variations was present, while in New Zealand, although most Māori did grow crops, dogs were the only domestic animals. The first Europeans to visit southern Africa were the Portuguese. Rounding the Cape of Good Hope in 1488 they completed the circumnavigation of the continent’s southern tip ten years later to reach India. Portugal did not, however, establish settlements in what eventually became South Africa, preferring to sail round it to reach Mozambique. For over a century its disinterest was shared by the other Europeans who occasionally used Cape Town’s Table Bay or other spots along the coast to take on fresh water or trade for livestock from Indigenous Khoe herders.

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Boyce, Gordon. "The Growth of Shipping Services, 1902-1909." In The Growth and Dissolution of a Large-Scale Business Enterprise, 107–42. Liverpool University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5949/liverpool/9780986497391.003.0006.

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This chapter charts the expansion of the Furness Group from 1902 to 1909 as they responded to the growth of American liner competition and shifting environmental conditions by engaging in other trades and amassing other resources. It analyses trends in trade, freight rates, tonnage, profit; the Furness Group’s profitability between 1900 and 1909; changes in patterns of growth; the North Atlantic trade stalemate between 1902 and 1909; the poor financial performance of Manchester-based liners; the Furness Group’s attempt to develop new liner trades beyond the North Atlantic into the Persian Gulf, South America and Australia; developments in tramp and contract trades; fleet expansion and consolidation; and insurance, salvage, repair, and provisioning interests. It concludes that by changing the composition of the Furness Group’s interests between 1902 and 1909 the company developed new and productive trade interests beyond the North Atlantic and escaped the trade deadlock. They would adjust the direction of services and expansion again in 1910, once the demand for shipping services resurfaced.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Wheat South Australia Growth"

Imai, Yasuteru, Taichi Morita, Yukio Akamatsu, Shinya Odagawa, Tomomi Takeda, and Osamu Kashimura. "Evaluation of wheat growth monitoring methods based on hyperspectral data in Western Australia." In IGARSS 2011 - 2011 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2011.6049933.

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"Combining forest growth and hydrologic modelling to examine relative effects of climate and land use change: a case study in the Delegate River catchment, south-eastern Australia." In 19th International Congress on Modelling and Simulation. Modelling and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand (MSSANZ), Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.36334/modsim.2011.i6.feikema.

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Beres, Wieslaw, Donald Fread, Lesley Harris, Philip Haupt, Joanna Kappas, Roger Olson, Philip Reineke, Sandi Robertson, and Gordon Stocks. "Critical Components Life Update for Gas Turbine Engines: Case Study of an International Collaboration." In ASME Turbo Expo 2008: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2008-50655.

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The paper describes results of the international collaboration that led to revision of the declared lives for critical components of a turbo-prop gas turbine engine. Four nations contributed to the program—Australia, Canada, USA and South Africa under the auspices of a Component Improvement Program led by the Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM). This international collaboration was initiated as a result of the decrease in the declared life for some critical components of this engine by the OEM. The core of the program consisted of a detailed stress analysis performed in South Africa, and spin rig testing of selected life-limited, rotating turbine components—two stages of discs and two stages of spacers—performed in Australia and Canada. The general objectives of the program were to provide more accurate low cycle fatigue crack initiation data and to verify crack growth life analysis techniques using advanced 2D and 3D finite element analyses and spin rig testing for selected components. The crack initiation results are used to improve the life management procedures. Since the OEM does not recommend using life limits that exceed the safe crack initiation life of the rotating turbine components, the crack growth analysis results are used only for risk assessment and risk management by the engine operators. The basis of analytical techniques used for preparing the tests as well as the testing procedures are described. In addition, the development of NDE (Non Destructive Evaluation) methods and the inspections of these components during and after the tests are discussed. The economical benefits of such an international collaboration are demonstrated. The uniqueness of this approach to life revision of critical components of gas turbine engines, particularly for engines that have been in operation for many years, includes close cooperation of an international team of the engine manufacturer, the major engine users and their respective scientific organizations. In addition, a significant amount of operational experience that has been accumulated by the OEM, has allowed for verification of the spin rig test results.

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Dima, Milica, Aurelia Diaconu, Reta Drăghici, Drăghici Iulian, and Matei Gheorghe. "ASPECTS CONCERNING PEANUTS CROPS ON SANDY SOILS IN SOUTHERN OLTENIA." In GEOLINKS Conference Proceedings. Saima Consult Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/geolinks2021/b1/v3/34.

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"For the capitalization of the climate and soil conditions for the sandy soil region in Southern Oltenia by cultivating peanuts it is necessary to use varieties with large production abilities and proper technology for the crops. In view of its cultivation on south Oltenia sandy soils, there were carried out in the period 2004-2006, at the Plants Crops Research and Development Station on Sandy Soils Dabuleni, experiments have been set regarding aspects such as: the optimal seeding period, the recommendation varieties with high yield potential and balanced composition. The research was conducted under irrigation conditions, in a three-year rotation of wheat, peanut, maize. Along with erect growth type varieties, known for their short vegetation period, rising and creeping growth type varieties can also be used; these varieties have a great production potential in our country`s conditions. Establishing the proper time for seeding is espe since sandy soils are heating quickly but are also cooling quickly, the best seeding time is between the end of April- the beginning of May, depending on the date when the seeding depth has a steady temperature, minimal required for the seed to germinate."

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Bray, Don E., and G. S. Gad. "Establishment of an NDE Center at the Papua New Guinea University of Technology: Scope and Objectives." In ASME 1997 Turbo Asia Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/97-aa-065.

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Papua New Guinea lies just north of Australia (Fig. 1). It is a developing island nation, with 462,839 km of land area, a population of 3.9 million people, and vast natural resources (Compton’s Interactive Encyclopedia, 1996). It is the largest island in the Oceania region of the world, which also includes Fiji, the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu. Most of these islands share similar resources, and prudent development of the resources requires utilization of nondestructive evaluation (NDE). NDE provides the means for flaw detection and size assessment, as well as evaluation of material degradation such as corrosion and hydrogen attack. These are factors which affect the service life of components and systems. Being aware of the state of degradation of these components and systems will enable cost effective maintenance, and reduce costly and dangerous failures. Recognizing the need for NDE expertise, the Papua New Guinea University of Technology at Lae has initiated a Center for Nondestructive Evaluation. Once operational, the center should serve the entire Oceania region, and provide resources, trained students and expertise that will enable the growth of the NDE industry within that area. It is widely accepted that NDE adds value to a product or process, not just cost. The amount of value is directly related to the engineering education of the personnel making NDE decisions. The growth of the NDE industry in these South Pacific Islands will add to the economy, as well as aid in the further creation of a population of engineers who are well educated in NDE.

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