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Статті в журналах з теми "Western scientific view"
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苏, 婷婷. "Lindbergh’s View of Scientific History—Focusing on The Origin of Western Science." Advances in Philosophy 13, no. 01 (2024): 159–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/acpp.2024.131025.
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Kenny, Michael G. "The recovered memory controversy: An anthropologist's view." Journal of Psychiatry & Law 23, no. 3 (September 1995): 437–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009318539502300306.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The false memory controversy falls in the border zone between facts and values. Scientific claims are made that are also heavily influenced by moral and political convictions. Observations are offered on the sociology of this affair, on the politics of knowledge, and on the influence of the DSM rubric in setting up the terms of the debate. Several non-Western “psychiatric” conditions are discussed that reveal the interpenetration of theory and experience in the interpretation of illness, and that reciprocally tell us something about this relationship in the practice of Western psychiatry itself.
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Pafomova, L. A. "Evolution of Views on the Value of Scientific Knowledge in Western Philosophy." Discourse 7, no. 6 (December 21, 2021): 28–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.32603/2412-8562-2021-7-6-28-41.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introduction. Evolution of views on the value of scientific knowledge in various directions of Western philosophy, from the ancient period to the 20th century is analyzed in the article. The relevance of the article is due to the fact that the view of scientific knowledge as the value of scientific reality is a fairly new phenomenon.Methodology and sources. The methodological basis of the work is the cultural and philosophical analysis of various points of view in the works of both ancient philosophers, philosophers of the Renaissance and the New times (Plato, Aristotle, Pythagoras, F. Aquinas, Leonard da Vinci, F. Bacon, Locke, Hobbes, Descartes, Spinoza), as well as in the works of O. Comte, Spencer, Mach, Poincare, Pierce, James, Dewey, Jaspers, B. Russell, etc. (i.e. representatives of positivism, existentialism, neo-Thomism).Results and discussion. Today two directions could be distinguished in the relation to science: either its absolutization, that we name scientism, or the cult of an abstract person opposed to science – anthropologism. This is a consequence of the changes in the views on scientific knowledge that have taken place throughout the history of science. Thus, in the ancient period, the value of science was determined, firstly, not in relation to the practical activity of a human being, but only in relation to science to knowledge and cognition, and secondly, as a way of self-development of the individual. In the Middle Ages, science was the “handmaid” of theology. In the Renaissance science faced new challenges: the first was an anti-religious understanding of the essence of a person, the second was the justification of the role of scientific knowledge both for practice and for the worldview as a whole. It was on this understanding of the meaning of scientific knowledge that the concepts of the philosophers of the XVII–XVIII centuries were built, and they dominated until the middle of the XIX century. From this period, a one-sided approach begins to dominate – the ideological role of the value of science was denied and only its pragmatic value is taken. Along with this, there is also a critical attitude towards science, which then develops into anti-scientism. Today, a pessimistic approach (postmodernism, for example) the approach to the consideration of the value of scientific knowledge is characteristic of modern philosophical trends that deny not only the value of scientific knowledge, but also deny knowledge itself.Conclusion. The evaluation of scientific knowledge in Western philosophy has undergone significant changes. If in classical philosophy, with a few exceptions, the recognition of the comprehensive value of science prevailed, i.e. its ideological, humanistic and practical value, then in the future all these three main aspects of the value of scientific knowledge are analyzed. In the extreme forms, this leads to the emergence of antiscientism, for which it is the development of scientific knowledge is perceived as a source of human misery and suffering.
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BULUT, İsmail. "The Scientific Justification of Revelation." Eskiyeni, no. 47 (September 20, 2022): 605–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.37697/eskiyeni.1125810.
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Classical discourses on prophethood and other areas of religion in Muslim thought began to be expressed with a new discourse in the 19th and 20th centuries due to the pressure of Western philosophical thoughts. In the face of the criticism and attacks of the West against Islam and specifically the issues related to prophecy from a positive point of view, recent scholars have tried to prove the necessity of prophecy and the need for prophecy from a mental point of view.
Although the existence of Allah and the fact that the universe and beings were created by Him in Muslim culture have been tried to be proven with many scientific evidences in addition to rational proofs, attempts to prove prophecy and revelation with scientific evidence are rare cases. Scientific grounding work, especially on faith issues, has also been seen as an important and courageous initiative that is not on the agenda of eastern culture. The experimental studies of 19th century Western scientists and philosophers on the soul and similar subjects, scientific explanations on subjects such as hypnosis, magnetism, genius, communication between living things and instinct, led Muslim thinkers to attempts to prove the revelation scientifically.
In this study, the possibility of scientific grounding of revelation has been examined. It is seen that many scientific activities were produced in the period of New Scientific Kalam as a defense reflex against the threatening activities of the West's positivist and materialist thought towards spirituality, especially against the suspicions and accusations of Islam. The different interpretations of the revelation by Muslim thinkers within the scope of solving the belief problems of the period against Western culture and science can be considered as an original contribution to Islamic thought. In this respect, the scope of the study is limited to the New Scientific Period. Research In the framework of Ferîd Vecdî and some of his contemporaries, different approaches to revelation and the claims of scientific proof of revelation are discussed and evaluated. In addition, in the study, it is aimed to exhibit the diversity of the intellectual structure of the New Scientific Kalam period, in which a new vitality was observed after the stagnation and regression period in the history of Kalam, and the context of the different initiative in question.
As a result of the research, it is seen that the method of Western thinkers is used in the answers given to the claims made by materialist thinkers. The theses put forward on many subjects such as prophecy and revelation were tried to be refuted with the evidences of those theses. In this period, it is understood that the revelation was handled as a phenomenon rather than the special revelation sent to the prophets and an effort was made to establish scientific grounds.
It is seen that thinkers like Ecstasy cling to theories that are not generally accepted and currently defended for the scientific justification of revelation-type issues, and they perceive Western knowledge as science and make different interpretations from time to time. It can be said that such initiatives have made original contributions to Islamic thought in terms of scientifically handling prophecy and revelation, exhibiting a sociological approach to the relationship between prophecy and civilization, reinterpreting Islamic teachings against the developing Western culture and science, and producing solutions to the problems of the day.
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Lloyd, G. E. R. "Notes on the Framework for Comparing Science and Philosophy Across Civilizations." Journal of Chinese Philosophy 40, no. 5 (March 2, 2013): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15406253-04005006.
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How far can we construct a framework within which to compare different traditions of philosophy and science across civilizations? The first problem lies with the terms “philosophy” and “science” themselves, for they carry particular associations in Western thought, some of which contribute to the mistaken view that they are uniquely Western activities. This brief article refutes that view, examining how we can compare the philosophical and scientific achievements of different cultures, and further challenging the sharp positivist dichotomy between “science” and “philosophy” that stems from equating the former with facts, the latter with values.
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Winarti, Winarti, Nasrullah Nasrullah, Muzhir Rinaldi, and Darwin Effendi. "THE CONCEPT OF SCIENTIFIC THINKING FROM AN ISLAMIC POINT OF VIEW: FUSION WITH A WESTERN PERSPECTIVE." Esteem Journal of English Education Study Programme 6, no. 2 (July 8, 2023): 236–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.31851/esteem.v6i2.12320.
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Indonesia is currently in the midst of Industrial Revolution 4.0. This indicates that the development of the Internet, the latest technologies, artificial intelligence and nanotechnology should be initiated by people of high character and harmony within society. People are constantly growing and always adapting to existing changes. To cope with this, we humans, as creators or users of revolutions, are expected to support scientific thinking activities. The process of computation and dies. Analysis of data or information. Statistics is the process analysis and verification of data or information, which ultimately indicates the validity of the data or information. From an Islamic point of view, humans serve Allah SWT and were created as caliphs or leaders of the smallest (family, school, largest (ministry or government)) realms. In essence, human beings were implicitly created by an Almighty Creator to cooperate and live in societies, nations and families. However, to achieve this goal we need the ability to think scientifically, and this was made clear to his Apostle in the Koran and Sunnah. continue to understand without interruption. Contextual analysis techniques related to the Islamic perspective as well as the concept of scientific thinking in the Islamic perspective. From this we can gain some insight. In other words, in order to be able to carry out scientific thinking activities thoroughly, we need three functions, which are the key pillars of scientific thinking (language, mathematics, statistics) and conceptual logic related to Al-Quran and Hadith.
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SABLAN, Mariam Abu. "WESTERN NOMADIC DISCOURSE AND THE DISCOVERY OF THE OTHER." International Journal of Humanities and Educational Research 03, no. 06 (December 1, 2021): 351–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/2757-5403.6-3.25.
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Investing in university education has spread widely in Palestine and all counties around the world. This is due to several causes, such as the enormous increase in the number of students, and the growth in the number of students with various academic degrees, which resulted in increasing the number of public and private universities, in addition to the institutes specialized in various professional studies. Many of these universities seek to develop and raise their educational competencies. Therefore, they started resorting to the so-called networking between universities. Consequently, the study aimed to identify the reality of networking processes between universities from the point of view of the teaching staff in the universities of Jerusalem and the West Bank. The study also aims to point out the reality of teaching and academic exchange, the scientific research, community service and the continued education from the point of view of the teaching staff in the universities of Jerusalem and the West Bank. Also, it seeks to uncover the differences in the networking processes between universities from the viewpoint of the teaching staff in the universities of Jerusalem and the West Bank, according to the variables of gender, academic qualification, years of experience, and university. To achieve the objectives of this study, the researcher used the analytical descriptive approach, in addition to a questionnaire consisted of (35) paragraphs distributed over three fields: teaching and academic exchange, scientific research, community service and continued education. The validity and stability of the questionnaire had been confirmed. The questionnaire is distributed over a sample from the faculty that were chosen randomly from the universities of Jerusalem (Sakhnin, Al-Qasimi, Ono, David Yellen) and the West Bank (Arab American University, An-Najah National University, Birzeit, Jerusalem, Bethlehem, Al-Ahliyya Palestine, Al-Quds Open, Hebron), numbering (200) individuals. After collecting the data, it was analysed through processing it statistically by (SPSS). The results of the study indicated that the reality of teaching, academic exchange, scientific research, community service and continuing education from the point of view of the teaching staff in the universities of Jerusalem and the West Bank has come to a large extent. The results also revealed that there were no statistically significant differences in the degree of reality of networking operations between universities from the point of view of the teaching staff in the universities of Jerusalem and the West Bank according to the variable of gender, academic qualification and years of experience. However, the results indicated that there were differences according to the differences among the universities.
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Hassan, Abul Mufid Md. "Western Civilization in View of Sheikh Muhammad Wadeh Al-Rasheed Al-Hasani Al-Nadawi." Sprin Journal of Arabic-English Studies 2, no. 01 (April 16, 2023): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.55559/sjaes.v2i01.32.
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Western civilization as described by many scholars is a civilization accused of exploitation and duplicity. The reality is colonialism, distortion, and forgery. Western thought, which originated in the hands of Pagan Greece and the worship of the Roman God Caesar, then tainted its legacy with the distorted myths of Judaism and the concepts of Christianity. Today, it has become a global thought, and it is trying to impose its influence on all the people in general and on the Islamic nation in particular. Thus, the Islamic nation should have done today a comparative study between the Arab-Islamic civilization and the European civilization and try to know the realities of the two civilizations and determine its position on Western civilization and Western thought, and not be far from the Arab spirit and innate characteristics.
Allah the Almighty blessed the Islamic nation with many jealous Islamic scholars to carry out this responsibility, so they criticized Western civilization and thought, exposed its falsity, and called on people to resist it and protect their souls from assimilating into it. The prominent Islamic scholar, Sheikh Muhammad Wadeh Al-Rashid Al-Hasani Al-Nadawi(1935-2019 AD.) belongs to this group. He analysed Western thought and its materialistic philosophy in a scientific way and proved with evidence that it is a civilization of exploitation and dualism, and human feeling is missing in this civilization. He published articles in this field in Al-Raid newspaper and Al-Baath Al-Islami magazine (both are published in Darul Uloom Nadwatul Ulama, Luknow). The Islamic Scientific Academy in Lucknow collected some of these articles and printed them as a book in 2012 AD. entitled 'To a New World Order'. In this article, humble efforts have been made to study the book and analyse it to understand the facts raised by Sheikh Muhammad Wadeh Al-Rashid Al-Hasani Al-Nadawi in an objective manner.
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Hamouda, Abed. "The hypothesis of chance in the genesis of the universe View and veto." Journal of Umm Al-Qura University for Sharia'h Sciences and Islamic Studies, no. 93 (September 5, 2023): 82–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.54940/si29087463.
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Science in Islam is based on religious data, based on the proof of the Creator of this universe, which made Muslims distinct from Western thought in general, where Western thought in the emergence of the universe is based on unfounded hypotheses and conjectures, and was not built on sound scientific foundations. In the modern era, many of these hypotheses have been woven, such as saying the eternity of the universe, and its multiplicity, and the idea of creation by chance and randomness has spread, and many hypotheses attributed - Bahtana - to science. The idea of chance and randomness in the emergence of life has relied on materialistic thought, which disrupts faith in God Almighty, and attributes creation to speculative data, as opposed to scientific legal data that are based on correct science, which confirms the statement that there is a creator of this universe. One of the most prominent signs of the reversal of chance and randomness: the fine tuning of this universe, and the many and great evidence in it. The study was entitled: 'The hypothesis of chance in the genesis of the universe View and veto', which consists of an introduction, and two sections. The first section talked about the concept of atheistic materialism, and its images, as between the concept of chance, and its pillars, while the second section talked about the reversal of the statement by chance and randomness through fine tuning and intelligent design, and scientific evidence.
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Ivanov, Dmitrii. "Ivanov D. V. (2023) Western sociology from an Eastern European perspective (review of the handbook. Titarenko L. G. Modern western sociology. Minsk : RIVSH, 2021. 420 p.)." Science. Culture. Society 29, no. 1 (March 31, 2023): 183–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/nko.2023.29.1.14.
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The review presents the textbook "Modern western sociology" (Minsk, 2021) by Belarusian sociologist and philosopher L.G.Titarenko. Structure and contents of the handbook are considered from a pint of view of the multiparadigm condition in current sociology and in the context of post-globalization trends. The reviewed work, due to amount of material and to deep analysis, is reaching a level of sophisticated academic textbook. The author analyses main paradigms and theories which define the character of scientific discipline in its modern period covering a century since the 1920s to our days. The book demonstrates very well that Western sociology remains the core of modern sociology as a scientific discipline and that Western sociology is reassessed and modified in local sociological communities being a starting point for the new conceptions of social knowledge, including anti-Western and counter-globalist ones.
Дисертації з теми "Western scientific view"
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Bhattacharjee, Shanti Prashad. "Unification of ideas of creation and evolution of the universe in western scientific view and Indian philosophical literature." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/2709.
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Gripentrog-Schedel, Stephanie, Jens Kugele, and Enno Edzard Popkes, eds. Grenzarbeiten auf der Nulllinie. Kiel: Universitätsverlag Kiel | Kiel University Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.38072/978-3-928794-66-4.
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Nachdem Nahtoderfahrungen (NTE) im Diskurs westlicher Gesellschaften inzwischen kein Nischenthema mehr sind, sondern bereits vielfach medial rezipiert und verbreitet wurden und werden, sind die Potentiale der wissenschaftlichen Erforschung des Themas noch bei Weitem nicht ausgeschöpft. Dies mag nicht zuletzt etwas damit zu tun haben, dass die Auseinandersetzung mit NTE vielleicht mehr als andere Themen etablierte Wissenschaftsverständnisse herausfordert. Der vorliegende Band macht daher drei Vorschläge zur Neuperspektivierung des Themas und zur Fortsetzung der begonnenen Diskussion: Gefragt werden soll nach der Aushandlung von Grenzen, nach ›Nahtoderfahrungen‹ als einem wissenschaftlichen Konzept und nach den Potentialen interdisziplinärer Arbeit. Hierzu werden Beiträge aus unterschiedlichen wissenschaftlichen Disziplinen wie etwa der Religionswissenschaft, der Theologie, der Soziologie und der Medizin versammelt, die sich aus ihrer je fachspezifischen Sicht mit dem Thema auseinandersetzen. Since near-death experiences (NDEs) are no longer a niche topic in the discourse of Western societies, but have already been and are being widely received and disseminated in the media, the potentials of scientific research on the topic are far from being exhausted. This may have something to do, not least, with the fact that dealing with NDEs challenges established understandings of science perhaps more than other topics. The present anthology therefore makes three proposals for a new perspective on the topic and for continuing the discussion that has already begun: It will ask about the negotiation of boundaries, about ›near-death experiences‹ as a scientific concept, and about the potentials of interdisciplinary work. For this purpose, contributions from different scientific disciplines such as religious studies, theology, sociology, and medicine will be gathered, each of them dealing with the topic from their own specific view.
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Rogers, Hiromi T. Anjin - The Life and Times of Samurai William Adams, 1564-1620. GB Folkestone: Amsterdam University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9781898823858.
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The year is 1600. It is April and Japan’s iconic cherry trees are in full flower. A battered ship drifts on the tide into Usuki Bay in southern Japan. On board, barely able to stand, are twenty-three Dutchmen and one Englishman, the remnants of a fleet of five ships and 500 men that had set out from Rotterdam in 1598. The Englishman was William Adams, later to be known as Anjin Miura by the Japanese, whose subsequent transformation from wretched prisoner to one of the Shogun’s closest advisers is the centrepiece of this book. As a native of Japan, and a scholar of seventeenth-century Japanese history, the author delves deep into the cultural context facing Adams in what is one of the great examples of assimilation into the highest reaches of a foreign culture. Her access to Japanese sources, including contemporary accounts – some not previously seen by Western scholars researching the subject – offers us a fuller understanding of the life lived by William Adams as a high-ranking samurai and his grandstand view of the collision of cultures that led to Japan’s self-imposed isolation, lasting over two centuries. This is a highly readable account of Adams’ voyage to and twenty years in Japan and that is supported by detailed observations of Japanese culture and society at this time. New light is shed on Adams’ relations with the Dutch and his countrymen, including the disastrous relationship with Captain John Saris, the key role likely to have been played by the munitions, including cannon, removed from Adams’ ship De Liefde in the great battle of Sekigahara (September 1600), the shipbuilding skills that enabled Japan to advance its international maritime ambitions, as well as the scientific and technical support Adams was able to provide in the refining process of Japan’s gold and silver.
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Campbell, Kenneth L. Western Civilization in a Global Context: Prehistory to the Enlightenment. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781474275491.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Western Civilization in a Global Context is a source collection that introduces a comparative element to the study of Western civilization, offering students an opportunity to explore non-Western perspectives. An interesting and provocative set of readings are included, from a range of primary sources, including official documents, historical writings, literary sources, letters, speeches, interviews as well as visual sources. These different sources are carefully selected with a view to generating class discussion and providing students with a sense of the different approaches historians might take to understanding the past. Volume I covers prehistory to the Enlightenment, including sources that offer insight into the political, social, religious, cultural and intellectual history of this period. Topics covered include: - The Rise of Rome - Byzantine Civilization - The Renaissance in Europe and China - Religious Reformation - European Expansion - The Scientific Revolution To aid student engagement and understanding, the book begins with a guide to using primary sources, includes questions for discussion throughout and concludes with a glossary of key terms. Western Civilization in a Global Context is the ideal companion for students who want to explore the contribution of non-Western cultures, and gain a more thorough understanding of the complex history of the world as a result.
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Spiritual Being and Becoming: Western Christian and Modern Scientific Views of Human Nature for Spiritual Formation. Wipf & Stock Publishers, 2015.
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Kyle, Eric J. Spiritual Being and Becoming: Western Christian and Modern Scientific Views of Human Nature for Spiritual Formation. Wipf & Stock Publishers, 2015.
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Kyle, Eric J. Spiritual Being and Becoming: Western Christian and Modern Scientific Views of Human Nature for Spiritual Formation. Lutterworth Press, The, 2017.
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Kyle, Eric J. Spiritual Being and Becoming: Western Christian and Modern Scientific Views of Human Nature for Spiritual Formation. Wipf & Stock Publishers, 2015.
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Slusser, George. Gregory Benford. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038228.003.0002.
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This chapter focuses on Gregory Benford's career as science fiction (SF) writer. Benford has remained steadfast in his claim that science is at the center both of the twentieth century and of the form of literature he sees as its central mode of expression. He is of the belief that SF should deal with the impact of scientific ideas and discoveries on society and the individual. This chapter discusses Benford's deep understanding of the philosophical currents born, as early as the Western seventeenth century, from the impact of scientific discovery on conventional worldviews; his view of physical environments in which human activity becomes radically problematic, if not unthinkable, and thus unnarratable in terms of conventional fictional structures, governed by a Newtonian stability; his insistence on writing “with the net up,” strictly adhering to the laws of physics rather than conveniently “suspending disbelief”; and his synthesis of the often-contradictory demands of science and fiction. The chapter suggests that Benford's work is philosophical fiction of the highest order.
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Ecklund, Elaine Howard, and David R. Johnson. Varieties of Atheism in Science. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197539163.001.0001.
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Not all atheists are New Atheists, but thanks in large part to the prominence and influence of New Atheists such as Richard Dawkins, Sam Harris, Daniel Dennett, and Christopher Hitchens, New Atheism has claimed the pulpit of secularity in Western society. New Atheists have given voice to marginalized nonreligious individuals and underscored the importance of science in society. They have also advanced a derisive view of religion and forcefully argued that science and religion are intrinsically in conflict. Many in the public think that all scientists are atheists and all atheist scientists are New Atheists, militantly against religion and religious people. But what do everyday atheist scientists actually think about religion? Drawing on a survey of 1,293 atheist scientists in the U.S. and U.K., and 81 follow-up in-depth interviews, this book explains the pathways that led to atheism among scientists, the diverse views of religion they hold, their perspectives on the limits of what science can explain, and their views of meaning and morality. The findings reveal a vast gulf between the rhetoric of New Atheism in the public sphere and the reality of atheism in science. The story of the varieties of atheism in science is consequential for scientific and religious communities and points to tools for dialogue between these seemingly disparate groups.
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Hanioğlu, M. Şükrü. The Secular Republic. Princeton University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691175829.003.0007.
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This chapter addresses Mustafa Kemal Atatürk's secularism. If popular expectations were any guide, two paths to global leadership lay wide open to Mustafa Kemal in 1922: he could either capitalize on Ottoman possession of the caliphate in order to seize the mantle of pan-Islamic leadership, or he could set himself up as an anti-imperialist model for Asian and African socialists. However, it was at this juncture that Mustafa Kemal's Turkist, scientistic, and pro-Western leanings became manifest, leading him and the Turkish nation down an uncharted path that combined intense nationalism with an extreme commitment to Western secularism. The popular philosophy of scientism, serving as a deus ex machina, provided the overall framework of this new secularism and shaped Mustafa Kemal's views of Islam.
Частини книг з теми "Western scientific view"
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Obiedat, A. Z. "A Modern View of the Nature of Reality and a Premodern Counterpoint: The Scientific Ontology of Mario Bunge and Five Religious Counter-arguments for the Existence of a Deity." In Modernity and the Ideals of Arab-Islamic and Western-Scientific Philosophy, 161–206. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94265-6_6.
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Quintal, Raquel Barceló, and David W. Roubik. "Melipona Bees in the Scientific World: Western Cultural Views." In Pot-Honey, 247–59. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4960-7_17.
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Pastoors, Andreas, Tilman Lenssen-Erz, Tsamgao Ciqae, /Ui Kxunta, Thui Thao, Robert Bégouën, and Thorsten Uthmeier. "Episodes of Magdalenian Hunter-Gatherers in the Upper Gallery of Tuc d’Audoubert (Ariège, France)." In Reading Prehistoric Human Tracks, 211–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60406-6_13.
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AbstractThe Tuc d’Audoubert cave (Ariège, France) offers unique insights into the life of Late Pleistocene hunters-gatherers due to its exceptionally good preservation conditions. This is especially true for the 300 footprints in the upper gallery of the cave. Even for the layperson, some trackways are easily recognized. Short episodes of past life become tangible. The spectrum of scientific analytic methods used in western science has not yet provided an option to interpret these visible episodes satisfactorily. For this reason, tracking experts, i.e. indigenous ichnologists, were invited to analyse the footprints in Tuc d’Audoubert. With their dynamic approach of identification, they are able to do justice to the dynamics embodied in the footprints. In total, eight main concentrations in four different locations were studied. Two hundred fifty-five footprints were identified and grouped into 24 events. In view of the group compositions and the assumption that humans did not climb alone into the upper gallery for security reasons, it can be concluded that a maximum of five visits by two to six subjects were carried out. Among the events, the couple of an adult man and an adult woman, who appear together in a total of ten different spots, is particularly noteworthy. Altogether, this study is a first step of a multi-stage procedure. Further analyses based on measurements and plantar pressure analyses will follow.
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Cârstocea, Raul. "The Unbearable Virtues of Backwardness: Mircea Eliade’s Conceptualisation of Colonialism and His Attraction to Romania’s Interwar Fascist Movement." In East Central Europe Between the Colonial and the Postcolonial in the Twentieth Century, 113–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17487-2_5.
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AbstractThis chapter addresses Mircea Eliade’s conceptualisation of the colonial experience and the ways in which it influenced his view of history, which in turn informed his studies of the sacred and the discipline of comparative religious studies to whose establishment he contributed significantly. I argue that his vision of colonialism, informing both his scientific work and his perception of the history and culture of Central and Eastern Europe, was reflective of the tension prompted by the epistemology of in-betweenness that Eliade (and other interwar Romanian intellectuals) developed as a response to Romania’s marginality, translating in practical terms in a conversion of its perceived “backwardness” into a virtue (albeit one that remained uncomfortable) and a weapon directed against Western cultural and political hegemony. As such, his epistemological stance corresponded on the one hand to Eliade’s genuine cultural pluralism, support for decolonisation, and appreciation of non-European cultures and the challenges they posed to European hegemony; and on the other led to his attraction to Romania’s native fascist movement, the “Legion of the Archangel Michael”. Studying the link between Eliade’s scholarship and his politics in light of his experience of colonialism in India draws attention to his broader understanding of Romania’s position within the global system, as well as to the parallels he drew between colonial scenarios and the historical legacies of countries in the region of Central and Eastern Europe, which he saw as also indelibly marked by their own experiences of empire.
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Page, Joanna. "5. Albums, Atlases, and their Afterlives." In Decolonial Ecologies, 163–200. Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0339.05.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The first part of this chapter discusses art projects that intervene directly into the books and other materials created by travelling European naturalists of the later colonial period, whose conception of nature has so thoroughly shaped representations of Latin America’s landscapes. I explore projects by Rodrigo Arteaga (Chile), Antonio Bermúdez (Colombia), Claudia Coca (Peru), Tiago Sant’ana (Brazil), Oscar Santillán (Ecuador) and others that stage material interventions or performances in relation to the printed images, atlases, albums and catalogues that recorded the findings of scientific expeditions in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. As well as combating the particular images of Latin America forged in these works, these artists reflect more broadly on the affordances of different material technologies—such as printing, engravings and the book—used to create and disseminate knowledge. The second part of the chapter brings together projects that engage with the scientific, commercial and artistic afterlives of the iconic images that emerged from Humboldt’s journey across the Americas (1799–1804). Bermúdez demonstrates how Humboldt’s images of Latin American landscapes—such as the famous views of the Chimborazo—live on through different kinds of cultural mediation and commercial accumulation. The relationship between Humboldt’s science and extractivism in Latin America, suggested in a poetic mode by Santillán, is explicitly developed in the expansive Archivo Humboldt (2011–), a set of performances, documentation, and (mock) archives created by Fabiano Kueva (Ecuador). These remediations and re-enactments recuperate archives of all kinds for decolonial purposes, reworking them in ways that decentre the ocularcentric, logocentric bias of Western modernity while exploring the power of published words and images to represent the colonial other.
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Longrigg, James. "Medicine in View: Art and Visual Representation." In Western Medicine, 1–24. Oxford University PressOxford, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198205098.003.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The visual legacy of Western medicine is richer than that for any other scientific or technical activity. A vast range of images has been generated both within the practice of medicine and by outside observers of medical practice. Every era and culture that has produced visual images concerned with the human condition in a social context has generated what may be called ‘medical art’.
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Rietveld, Hugo M. "The early days: a retrospective view." In The Rietveld Method, 39–42. Oxford University PressOxford, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198555773.003.0002.
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Abstract As a Ph.D. student at the University of Western Australia between 1961 and 1964, I became thoroughly acquainted with X-ray and neutron diffraction techniques through experiments being conducted at the HIFAR in Lucas Heights (NSW). The emphasis was on single crystal diffraction since, even then, the powder method was regarded to be inferior, particularly for structure refinement. During that period the computer entered the scientific field and long, tedious structure factor and density calculations could be obtained more or less instantly. First with the ‘Mercury’ computer at the University of Oxford and the ‘Silliac’ computer at the University of Sydney, and later the IBM 1620 at the Physics Department of the University of Western Australia, computers became an integral part of my crystallography work. They were, incidentally, also important for my later work.
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SIK, KIM YUNG. "“Fossils”, “Organic World-View”, “The Earth's Motions”, etc.: Problems of Judging East Asian Scientific Achievements from Western Perspectives." In Historical Perspectives on East Asian Science, Technology and Medicine, 14–26. CO-PUBLISHED WITH SINGAPORE UNIVERSITY PRESS, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812777522_0002.
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Livesey, Steven J., and Sonja Brentjes. "Science in the Medieval Christian and Islamic Worlds." In The Oxford History of Science, 76–112. Oxford University PressOxford, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192883995.003.0004.
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Abstract This chapter surveys the circulation of scientific knowledge around the Islamic and Christian worlds during the medieval period. It explores the vital role played by Islamic scholars in the preservation of ancient Greek ideas in medicine, astronomy, and optics amongst other sciences and how they developed earlier ideas in distinctive ways. It explores the development of universities in western Europe and the incorporation of Greek and Islamic natural philosophy into orthodox Christian tradition. It examines the relationship of scientific and religious ideas in both Christian and Islamic contexts, and shows how Aristotelian ideas, in particular, were incorporated into the Christian orthodox world-view.
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LeDrew, Stephen. "The Darkness of Enlightenment." In Two Tales of the Death of God, 35–51. Oxford University PressNew York, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190086886.003.0003.
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Abstract This chapter examines the “Enlightenment myth” that is a foundation of scientific atheism’s critique and understanding of religion and its decline. This involves the view that there was an historical rupture in the modern period, ushered in chiefly by the Scientific Revolution, that marked the transition from a world governed by religion and superstition to one guided by reason and science, which is characterized by freedom, prosperity, and peace. While presented by its proponents as indicative of science-driven social progress, there was a dark side to the Enlightenment, which constructed a vision of Western cultural superiority that lent legitimacy to the violent project of colonialism. In adopting the Enlightenment myth as the basis of its critique of religion—as well as its overarching ideology—scientific atheism effectively endorses its racist and Orientalist features.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Western scientific view"
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Stroia, Ciprian, Madalina Corcan, Ionel Samfira, Marius Stroia, and Lucretiu Dancea. "THE BIODIVERSITY OF THE GRASSLANDS IN WESTERN ROMANIA FOR THEIR SUSTAINABLE." In 22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/6.2/s25.42.
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The productivity of the grasslands is determined by the biodiversity of the plant species present in the vegetation, their quality, but also their exploitation. For their inventory, a series of determination methods are used, methods that are difficult to manage and that require a good knowledge of the plant species. For an agronomic characterization of the plots, it is sufficient to consider only the main species that dominate the plant biomass. A more simplified method is that of botanical surveys which focus only on recognizing the dominant grasses in grasslands. This method allows for an agronomic diagnosis of a grassland without modifying the variables studied, namely, the percentage of biomass participation and the percentage of each functional type of grasses. The method allows the application of a functional typology that can estimate the value of use (forage quality, productivity, precocity or lateness) of a grassland. The purpose of this work is to classify the species by plant families, establish the pastoral value and inventory the grass species, as well as classify them from a morphofunctional point of view, in order to implement some management strategies aimed at ensuring an optimal exploitation of the grasslands taken into study. The measurements were made on three grasslands belonging to the town of Sasca Montana, Romania, located in the south of the Western Carpathians (44�53'13"N 21�42'33"E), at an altitude of 237 m. In this area, the average annual temperatures is between 9 - 10�C, and the precipitation level is between 700 and 800 mm. The three studied grasslands have a similar floristic composition, but with a different participation percentage of species. The dominant grass species, from a morpho-functional point of view, are species of type C (Festuca valesiaca being the dominant species), which shows that these grasslands are weak and do not adapt to mowing practices, although the species included in this morpho-functional type are species with a fairly good fodder value in the vegetative phase.
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Stor, Marzena, and Łukasz Haromszeki. "The role of human factor and HRM practices in Mncs’ performance in Eastern and Western Europe – a comparative analysis of the research findings." In 11th International Scientific Conference „Business and Management 2020“. VGTU Technika, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bm.2020.540.
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The main goal of the paper is to identify, analyze, and compare the relationships between the activities in the field of HRM and performance results of MNCs in Eastern and Western Europe with a view to the value ascribed to human resources as a strategic competitive factor, HRM centralization practices and the importance of HRM knowledge flows between the headquarters (HQ) and their subsidiaries. The research sample covered 200 HQs of MNCs and their local subsidiaries. The empirical research results show that there are some identifiable and statistically significant differences between MNCs operating in Eastern and Western Europe within the range of relationships defined above. Our study, therefore,represents an original effort at examining these relationships.
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Ermakov, Dmitrij Nikolaevich, and Grigorii Germanovich Popov. "Features of the socio-economic development of the USSR and the internal policy of the Soviet government in 1955-1985." In All-Russian Scientific Conference with International Participation. Publishing house Sreda, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31483/r-98007.
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In recent years, Russia has shown a high interest in Soviet economic history, which is largely due to the critical understanding of state economic policy in the post-Soviet period. In this regard, this article is relevant from the point of view of expanding the theoretical and methodological base of the historical and economic analysis of the USSR. This article provides a rethinking of the economic development of the USSR on the basis of calculations of personal savings and the share of household consumption in GDP and comparisons of these indicators with Western ones.
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Alexandru, Rinovetz, Radoi Petru Bogdan, Velciov Ariana, Radu Florina, and Ileana Cocan. "COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE BENEFITS OF THE USE OF GAME MEAT IN THE PHYSICO-CHEMICAL AND SENSORY CHARACTERISTICS OF A COMMON CONSUMER PRODUCT." In 23rd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2023. STEF92 Technology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2023v/6.2/s25.11.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In recent years, consumers, including domestic meat consumers, have been looking for new products with high biological and nutritional value, plus flavour. Consumer concern for a healthy diet has led to increased demand for low-fat, low-cholesterol products, coupled with growing interest in returning to traditional products as an option to advanced processing. Game meat could meet consumer needs and requirements as an alternative to meat from domestic animals, with the following recommendations: 1. low fat content; 2. optimal unsaturated/saturated fatty acid ratio; 3. high protein content; 4. low calorie content; 5. outstanding texture, taste and flavour. The main aim of the work was to obtain a salami-type product from wild boar (Sus scrofa) and roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) meat, from the Western area of Romania, followed by a comparative study of quality indicators with a similar advanced processed product from domestic pork. From a physico-chemical point of view, the determination of water, ash, protein, fat, NaCl, and finally the carbohydrate content and nutritional value were calculated. From a sensory point of view, appearance, consistency, taste, smell and general acceptability were investigated.
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Treyman, M. G., and A. V. Mikhailov. "Development of mechanisms for the implementation of car recycling processes at the regional level." In II All-Russian scientific conference with international participation "Achievements of science and technology". Krasnoyarsk Science and Technology City Hall, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.47813/dnit-ii.2023.7.530-535.
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The problem of recycling used cars at the present stage of society's development is taking on new forms. This article provides options for the disposal or restoration of individual nodal parts, bodywork, batteries, liquids used in the car. The state of this problem was considered in the most developed countries of Western Europe and the USA from the point of view of the automotive industry. The article presents the need to form an integrated approach to the use of spare parts and components for their eyes within the domestic automotive industry.
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Lato, Alina, Isidora Radulov, Adina Berbecea, Alina Neacsu, and Iaroslav Lato. "UREA FERTILIZERS EFFICIENCY UPON QUALITY PARAMETERS OF WINTER CROPS." In 22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/6.2/s25.45.
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Nowadays, wheat is the most important food source worldwide and rapeseed has become one of the alternative sources of energy, that is, biofuel. In the current global economic context, the practice of intensive farming, by applying large amounts of fertilizers is no longer sustained, mostly because of the negative environmental impact and also because of the high prices of fertilizers. It is imperatively necessary to practice an efficient management of nitrogen fertilizer, in order to avoid both environmental and economic negative consequences in the future years. The cereals, as wheat and oil crops, as rapeseed are characterized from the point of view of quality parameters by their content in protein and oil. These two important quality parameters are strongly related by the nitrogen fertilization level, soil type, but also by the climate conditions during the vegetation period. The three experimental fields are located in the Banat Plain, in Western Romania, on different soil types having various fertility properties. The experiment is based on studying the effect of different urea fertilizers: with nitrification inhibitor and urease inhibitor versus classic urea, in different amounts. The conclusion reached is that the most efficient nitrogen fertilizer for wheat and rapeseed crops, was nitrification inhibitor urea.
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Miteva, Boryana. "Bulgarian scientific and technical intelligence in Japan during the Cold War." In 9th International e-Conference on Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences. Center for Open Access in Science, Belgrade - Serbia, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.32591/coas.e-conf.09.06055m.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Since Bulgarian-Japan relations have already been well researched by the scholar Evgeny Kandilarov, this study aims to pose an accent on a very specific aspect of their Cold War interaction. Based primary on Bulgarian declassified documents of ex-socialist secret services it attempts to supplement Cold War studies and knowledge about Sofia-Tokyo relations as a part of Japan’s relations with the Soviet Union and the East European countries as a whole. It provides analysis regarding aims, methodology, expansion, cooperation, and results of Bulgarian scientific and technical intelligence in Japan during the Cold War years. This study proposes that since Western democracies restricted access of socialist countries to high technology by COCOM and since Japan achieved unimaginable economic and technological growth in the end of 1960s, KGB and all Eastern European secret services estimated Japan as a destination with significant opportunities for scientific and technical intelligence. Bulgarian communist leader Todor Zhivkov was one of the greatest admirers of the Japanese economic model and thus, scientific, and technical intelligence became a priority line for Bulgarian residence in Japan. It was not only a countermeasure in view of COCOM restrictions but transformed into an important element of socialist strategy for modernization. Japan was not the only one of capitalist countries, which became an object of industrial espionage, but it took key place for completing important scientific and technical tasks in the field of electronics, robotics, chemical industry, equipment etc. This knowledge was more or less implemented in industry and contributed to the Bulgarian economic and technological modernization.
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Zabko, Oksana. "The analysis of support mechanisms for occupational mobility in the Latvian adult education system." In 24th International Scientific Conference. “Economic Science for Rural Development 2023”. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Economics and Social Development, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2023.57.050.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
With increasing occupational mobility in the Western societies, where, among other drivers, economic cycles and digital transformation brought changes in labour demand, adults’ access to the education system is becoming increasingly important issue. This refers both for upgrading skills and for retraining with a view to occupational change if the labour market demand for the initial occupation has declined significantly. The aim of this article is to analyse the institutional framework of the Latvian adult education and related institutions to assess what opportunities and what obstacles it creates for individuals to undergo the necessary training to enter a new occupation. Theoretically, the article is based on institutionalism theory, which explains the impact of institutions on the economic behaviour of agents, and middle-range theories on the impact of the structure of the education and labour market institutions on occupational mobility prospects. The analysis is based on a systematic examination of the legal acts and their amendments introduced in Latvia since 2009. The data suggest that Latvian institutional environment is generally favourable for occupational change, but specially targeted public policy support is aimed at the upgrading and retraining of medium- and low-skilled workforce, leaving the occupational transition of high-skilled workforce largely to their own discretion.
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Duma Copcea, Anisoara Claudia, Casiana Doina Mihut, Corina Constanta Sirbu, Adalbert Okros, and Romina Mazare. "STUDIES ON THE IDENTIFICATION OF THE MAIN SOIL PROPERTIES IN SAG, TIMIS COUNTY, ROMANIA." In 23rd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2023. STEF92 Technology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2023/3.1/s13.34.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The village of Sag has an area of 8,664 ha, of which 8,419 ha is agricultural land. The deterioration of soil quality has negative repercussions on either one or all soil functions. From a geomorphological point of view, the territory of the village is located in the Banat- Crisana Plain, part of the Western Plain of Romania, the eastern extremity of the Tisza Plain, in the Timis-Bega interfluvium, a unit formed exclusively by the cumulative action of the Timis River. The sustainable use of the soil involves measures to maintain the potential productivity of the resources and to follow their evolution based on parameters and indicators to monitor the changes produced on the quality of the soil. The agricultural land of the village with an area of 8,419 ha has the following uses: arable land 7,693 ha (91,4%), pastures 636 ha (7,5%), haymaking fields 39 ha (0,5%), orchards 1 ha, and vineyards 50 ha (0,6%). The most cultivated plants are winter wheat, barley, sunflower, soy, and alfalfa. The purpose of this paper is to present useful information in the design and implementation of policies that protect and maintain the sustainable use of the soil as well as the rational use of the financial resources of the village of Sag, while allowing the soil to provide long-term goods and services. The objectives of the paper are to establish the values of the physical, hydro-physical, and chemical properties of the soils of Sag, as well as their classification in quality classes. There are 7 types and subtypes of soil. The soils with the highest distribution are eutricambosols � 55,15% of the total area and the soils with the lowest distribution are solonetzes � 0,20% of the total area.
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Cicoria, Massimiliano. "Legal Subjectivity and Absolute Rights of Nature." In The 8th International Scientific Conference of the Faculty of Law of the University of Latvia. University of Latvia Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/iscflul.8.2.06.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The anthropocentric approach that characterizes all human knowledge has led to a distortion of the relationship with Nature and a view of it as a mere object of law. This approach, presumably originating with Socrates, had solid support in Plato, Aristotle, Ptolemy, and finally, in Catholic patristics, hinging on all disciplines starting from philosophy, psychology, economics, up to law. Dwelling on the latter, examples of legislation that qualify Nature as an object of law are, increasingly over time, the Forest Charter of 1217, the Italian Law No. 1766 of 1927 on civic uses, and furthermore – Art. 812 of the Italian Civil Code, and finally – the cd. Consolidated Environmental Law. This view is, however, changing in some states such as Bolivia, New Zealand, India, Ecuador, Uganda, – the states that through either legislative acts or rulings of supreme courts have begun the process of granting both to Mother Earth in general, and rivers in particular, the status of juridical persons which are endowed with series of very personal rights, which are recognized. This is not the case in Europe, where the relevant legislation continues to consider Nature (or, better, the Environment) as an object of law, therefore as a “thing” from which to draw, albeit within certain limits, utilities of all kinds. By analysing legal instruments potentially useful for a Copernican revolution on this point – in particular, the Kelsenian concept of “legal person”, the meaning of “company” and the European provisions on Artificial Intelligence – the first conclusion is reached: in a relationship that is not only theoretical, but also practical and utilitarian, it would be opportune to start considering, also through acknowledgments in constitutional sources, the Nature as a subject and no longer an object of rights. In this regard, following the general theories of people’s rights, it could be granted certain absolute rights, of which the right to water, restoration and biodiversity are examined in the current article. Hence, we come to the second conclusion, namely, the contrasts that, in Western law, such an approach could suffer, analysing in particular the problems of neo-naturalism and representation.