Готові списки джерел за темами / Western Balkan Region

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Western Balkan Region"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 14 березня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Western Balkan Region"

1

Djokic, Aleksandar. "The Perspectives of Russia’s Soft Power in the Western Balkans Region." RUDN Journal of Political Science 22, no. 2 (December 15, 2020): 231–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-1438-2020-22-2-231-244.

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Анотація:
The article analyzes the perspectives of Russia’s soft power in the Balkans. The Russian Federation has longstanding historical, political, cultural and economic ties to the Balkan region. Therefore, being free of a one-sided ideological approach that hampered the usage of soft power by the USSR during the Cold War era, Russia stands at the crossroads as to how best to use it’s great potential for peaceful diplomacy and influence in the Western Balkans. The article will provide an analysis of the achievements of the Russian Federation in regards to extending it’s influence in the Western Balkans, but also the downsides of it’s foreign policy. The analysis will encompass several Western Balkan states and their ties to Russia in terms of soft power: Serbia, Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina. The article raises the question: whether Russia can withstand the struggle for influence over the Balkans with it’s greatest rivals in the region - the United States and the EU? The author concludes that it depends largely on the various approaches and methods used by Russian diplomacy and the level of funding of various projects that can be used to extend Russia’s cultural influence in the Balkan peninsula.
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2

Grcic, Mirko. "Balkans as the cultural subcontinent of Europe." Glasnik Srpskog geografskog drustva 85, no. 1 (2005): 209–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsgd0501209g.

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New world order and rearrangement of Europe transform the position of Balkan region -instead as the "crossroad" between East and West, it is more often included into the area of Western influence. In European relations developed "core" is gradually spreading toward "periphery" removing the traditional Balkan culture. The europeisation of Balkans and spreading of Western European civilization's circle gives the arguments that the term Balkans should be replaced with the term Southeastern Europe. The europeisation or balkanization is not geopolitical but civilization choice in front of all Balkan nations.
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Cocco, Emilio. "Where is the European Frontier? The Balkan Migration Crisis and its Impact on Relations between the EU and the Western Balkans." European View 16, no. 2 (December 2017): 293–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12290-017-0471-5.

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Анотація:
For centuries the Western Balkans region has been a place of origin for migration into Europe as well as a transit route to Europe for migrants coming from other regions of the world. The 2015–16 migration crisis brought the region into the spotlight as large numbers of migrants used the Balkan migration route on their way to Western Europe. Individual countries and the EU institutions developed weak and often contradictory responses to the crisis. This has had a negative effect on the Balkan peoples' perception of the EU, which had previously been positive. On a symbolic level the migration crisis has revealed the fragile relationship between the EU and the Western Balkan states. In the future, EU policy should focus on developing an integrated strategy for managing its external borders and migration, one that prevents member states from pushing back migrants at their borders.
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4

Jusufi, Gezim, and Bashkim Bellaqa. "Trade Barriers and Exports between Western Balkan Countries." Naše gospodarstvo/Our economy 65, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 72–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ngoe-2019-0021.

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AbstractThe aim of the paper is to identify the trade barriers imposed by the Western Balkan countries. All barriers, whether tariff or non-tariff, undoubtedly impede the normal development of trade between countries. Therefore, the paper examines merchandise trade patterns in the Western Balkan region and tries to identify the main drivers of and obstacles to intra-regional trade. Intra-regional trade comes second in importance, after trade with the European Union (EU); it underperformed and was in decline in the last few years. In the region with political challenges as the Western Balkans, non-tariff barriers significantly reduce trade exchanges between the countries in this region. Currently, the trade and political disputes (tax rate 100%) between Kosovo and Serbia showed that the imposed tariffs in trade created a political reaction between the countries, interrupting the dialogue between these countries. The originality and value of the paper are reflected in its dealing with such topics as trade barriers, genesis in ethnic and political disputes that are prominent in the Balkan region.
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Ulunyan, A. A. "The Balkans in academic discourse and foreign policy practice of today’s Hungary." Urgent Problems of Europe, no. 2 (2022): 102–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31249/ape/2022.02.06.

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The article examines the role and place of the Balkans in the academic discourse and foreign policy practice of today’s Hungary in the context of the existing approaches to the Balkan problematics in the Hungarian historical tradition. The author draws attention to the fact that the modern academic view of the Balkans in Hungary has certain features, expressed in the attempts to determine the structure of the Balkan space from the standpoint of political and historical geography. Therefore, representatives of the Hungarian academic and expert-analytical community are studying the Western Balkans as a special part of the region, designed, in their opinion, to solve a specific problem – the accession of the Western Balkan countries to the European Union. In the current Hungarian realities, academic discourse has made it possible to formulate the «Balkan agenda» in a broader sense. The main topic of the discussions is the problem of Hungary's interaction with both the whole region and its «special part». At the same time, when pursuing the Balkan policy, the Hungarian side seeks to use the capabilities of the Visegrad Group and use Hungary’s membership in the EU to promote the idea of the need for the earliest possible admission of the countries of the Western Balkans to this Union. This approach is intended to strengthen the Hungarian position in the Balkan region as a whole, as well as draw US attention to Hungary’s efforts to implement this project. The article attempts to determine the place and role of the «Balkan vector» in Hungary’s foreign policy from the point of view of the interests of the center-right political forces currently in power, headed by Prime Minister V. Orbán. During his second term in office (since 2010), the Balkan theme has taken one of the leading places in Hungary’s foreign policy. First of all, Hungary actively supported a number of countries in the region in their aspiration to join the EU. At the same time, economic ties with the region were strengthened with the parallel use of «soft» power to form a positive image of Hungary in the socio-political circles of particular countries of the peninsula. Strategically, the Balkan theme of contemporary Hungarian discourse not only reflects the country’s foreign policy agenda, but also shapes it.
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Cufurovic, Mirela. "Fully Known Yet Wholly Unknowable." Australian Journal of Islamic Studies 2, no. 1 (April 9, 2017): 39–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.55831/ajis.v2i1.31.

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Анотація:
The Balkan region has left scholars perplexed over its origin and definition, to which they have provided different answers. This challenge stems from the region’s long history; a history where civilisations met, collided, and even merged leading to a dynamic, multilayered region. However, one civilisation stuck with the Balkans centuries after its demise – the Ottoman Empire. This Ottoman legacy marked the Balkans as “the ‘other’ within” Europe at the turn of the nineteenth century when scholars and travel writers began to attach political connotations to the name. Being referred to as ‘Turkey-inEurope,’ the identity of the Balkans became premised on the dichotomy of East versus West, in which the Balkans represented the East – the Orient – purely because of its Ottoman history. It is for this reason that the Balkans, more than any other geographical appellation, conjure up pejorative connotations. So much so, that many tend to either avoid the term altogether – including the Balkan nation-states – or use an ostensibly neutral term like ‘South-east Europe’ to refer to the region. And so, the question remains: who are the Balkans? This paper examines the ground between historical reality and Western imagination regarding the Balkans by focusing on Balkan identity as conflicted between East and West, and explores the extent to which Balkan scholarship has ‘Orientalised’ the region, whereupon the Balkan nation-states began to disassociate themselves from the Balkan label to appear more ‘European.’ The paper will argue it is because of this complexity – the divide between East and West – that the Balkan region is, paradoxically, fully known yet wholly unknowable: known to Europe, yet distant from it due to its Oriental past and tendencies.
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Bjelic, Predrag, Danijela Jacimovic, and Ivan Tasic. "Effects of the world economic crisis on exports in the CEEC: Focus on the Western Balkans." Ekonomski anali 58, no. 196 (2013): 71–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/eka1396071b.

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The world economic crisis that paralyzed the world economy in 2008 and 2009 had a profound impact on all countries in the world. Due to the interconnectedness of national economies the crisis spread rapidly from its centre in the United States to the world. There were two main transmission channels for the spread of the crisis between countries - international trade and the exchange of private capital between states in the form of foreign direct investment (FDI). This economic downturn has greatly influenced the domestic economic stability of the Western Balkan economies. The Western Balkan countries have shaped their economic policy towards European Union (EU) membership, resulting in a high degree of liberalization in international economic relations accompanied by a commitment to free international capital movement. Since this region has close economic ties with the EU the crisis spread to the region very quickly, manifesting itself in decreasing regional exports to the EU market and a downward trend of FDI inflow to the region. This paper will focus on the impact of the world economic crisis on the Western Balkan economies and especially on their exports and FDI inflow. Our empirical analysis, based on panel data, uses a wider sample of Central and Eastern European Countries (CEEC) which includes the Western Balkans, since we wanted to analyze if the effects of the economic crisis in the Western Balkans are specific or are common to most countries in transition. The analysis shows that Western Balkan exports have suffered due to the crisis, but reveals some interesting results on the different dynamics of export flows which depend on regional trade integration for their destination.
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Dalillah Mohd Isa, Ammalina, Spahic Omer, and Fauziah Fathil. "FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO THE ACHIEVEMENT OF THE OTTOMAN CONQUEST OF THE BALKAN IN THE 14TH CENTURY." International Journal of Advanced Research 11, no. 01 (January 31, 2023): 1023–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/16114.

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Анотація:
The Ottomans first made an appearance in the Balkan region after John Kantakouzenos requested Sultan Orhan Is assistance to win the Byzantine throne. During their later assistance, the Ottomans acquired Fort of Tzympe in Gallipoli as their base in the Balkan region. After the annexation of Gallipoli city, the Ottomans affirmed their intention to expand their territory westward that, in less than half of a century, they subjugated almost the entire Balkan region. The objective of this study is to analyse contributory factors for the achievement of the Ottoman conquest and expansion in the Balkans in the 14th century. This study applied historical approach and content-analysis method. This study discovered that the factors contributing to the achievement of the Ottoman rapid conquest and expansion in the Balkan in the 14th century are complex in that the weakening state of Balkan kingdoms, which has often been pointed out, is not the exclusive reason. Apart from the weakness of the Balkans political state, other factors include the absence of military assistance from the neighbouring kingdom to the Balkan rulers in fighting the Ottoman Empire, the strategic location of the Ottoman Empire providing abundant human resources close to the Balkans, the Ottoman military prowess including the high morale of the Ottoman army, the ingenuity of the Ottoman sultans who acted as military commanders in devising conquest and expansion strategy, the Ottoman method of conquest which ensured the continuous obedience of the Balkan region under Ottoman rule and the inclination of the Balkan people towards the Ottoman-Islamic rule rather than the Western-Catholic rule.
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Echimovich, Mariana, Vitaliy Alekseevich Danilov, Zarina Fazlitdinovna Mardonova, and Maxim Kirillovich Karpukhin. "Evolution of foreign policy priorities of the Western Balkan countries in the context of their European and Euro-Atlantic." Конфликтология / nota bene, no. 3 (March 2021): 143–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0617.2021.3.37080.

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Анотація:
This article traces the evolution of foreign policy priorities of the Western Balkan countries in the context of their European and Euro-Atlantic integration over the period from the mid-1990s to 2020. The key goal lies in the analysis of formation and development of the European and Euro-Atlantic vectors in foreign policy of the Western Balkans. The relevance of the selected topic is defined by fact that all Western Balkan countries are somehow involved in the European and Euro-Atlantic integration processes, which prompts transformations in their home and foreign policy. In post-Cold War era, the Western Balkans depart from their foreign policy course, which they have followed since the end of the World War II. The conflicts that were related to dissolution of Yugoslavia underline the expansion of influence of the North Atlantic Alliance as the major “peacekeeper”, and the European Union, which took on the role of post-conflict settlement. In the under their influence. Tracing the evolution of foreign policy priorities of the Western Balkans within the framework of their European and Euro-Atlantic integration defines the scientific novelty of this research. The acquired conclusions can be implemented in theoretical and practical activity. The article explores the regional initiatives of NATO and EU, which were aimed at stabilization of the Western Balkan region through transformation of state and social institutions, development of interstate cooperation, and involvement in regional integration processes. For determination of the role of the European Union and NATO in foreign policy of the Western Balkans, the author analyzed the doctrinal documents of the Western Balkan countries, which highlighted the priority of European and Euro-Atlantic vector.
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Echimovich, Mariana, Vitaliy Alekseevich Danilov, Zarina Fazlitdinovna Mardonova, and Maxim Kirillovich Karpukhin. "Evolution of foreign policy priorities of the Western Balkan countries in the context of their European and Euro-Atlantic." Конфликтология / nota bene, no. 4 (April 2021): 56–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0617.2021.4.37080.

Повний текст джерела
Анотація:
This article traces the evolution of foreign policy priorities of the Western Balkan countries in the context of their European and Euro-Atlantic integration over the period from the mid-1990s to 2020. The key goal lies in the analysis of formation and development of the European and Euro-Atlantic vectors in foreign policy of the Western Balkans. The relevance of the selected topic is defined by fact that all Western Balkan countries are somehow involved in the European and Euro-Atlantic integration processes, which prompts transformations in their home and foreign policy. In post-Cold War era, the Western Balkans depart from their foreign policy course, which they have followed since the end of the World War II. The conflicts that were related to dissolution of Yugoslavia underline the expansion of influence of the North Atlantic Alliance as the major “peacekeeper”, and the European Union, which took on the role of post-conflict settlement. In the under their influence. Tracing the evolution of foreign policy priorities of the Western Balkans within the framework of their European and Euro-Atlantic integration defines the scientific novelty of this research. The acquired conclusions can be implemented in theoretical and practical activity. The article explores the regional initiatives of NATO and EU, which were aimed at stabilization of the Western Balkan region through transformation of state and social institutions, development of interstate cooperation, and involvement in regional integration processes. For determination of the role of the European Union and NATO in foreign policy of the Western Balkans, the author analyzed the doctrinal documents of the Western Balkan countries, which highlighted the priority of European and Euro-Atlantic vector.
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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Western Balkan Region"

1

BERISHA, ERBLIN. "The evolution of spatial planning systems in the Western Balkan Region. Between international influences and domestic actors." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2707105.

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Анотація:
In Europe, since the end of the 1980s, a number of comparative planning studies have been conducted exemplifying the diversity of planning approaches that characterise the Continent. Among others, these contributions introduced the concept of legal families as being strictly connected with the features undertaken by spatial planning in a given context. In 1997, a more comprehensive approach was proposed by the EU Compendium of Spatial Planning Systems and Policies, introducing so-called spatial planning traditions or ideal-types. Since then, numerous research initiatives have been concentrating on the evolution spatial planning systems in Europe, on the basis of social, cultural or legislative approaches. The research’s contribution is not only aligned to the previous experiences but has the ambition to shed light on countries like Croatia, Albania and Bosnia & Herzegovina, that have been excluded from any previous study. In doing that, particular attention has been paid to the role played by the international contexts and actors (such as the EU, the World Bank, the United Nations’ Development Programme, the International Monetary Fund, the national development agencies of foreign countries etc.). Indeed, because of the transition period, the international context has been widely active in the region, contributing to address the process of transformation of the considered countries (economical, societal and cultural changes). The idea of the research is to investigate how these processes have affected each spatial planning system, and how each of them has adapted in order to respond, or not, to these stimuli, according to the theory of path-dependency. Adopting a comparative approach, the research aims to shed light on the evolution process of each spatial planning system concentrating on the reasons behind and beyond the transformations. In this respect, methodologically and theoretically speaking, an actor-centred explanatory model has been conceptualised and applied in order to simultaneously mobilise features deriving from historical and actor-centred institutionalisms approaches. In this perspective, the model borrows from historical institutionalism the basic idea that “history matters”, and from actor-centred institutionalism the need to bring the “actor at the centre” of the analysis. According to the model, each country has been investigated in different moments. Firstly, understanding the geographical, social and economic changes since 1990 until now, concentrating on the most significant dimensions of transformation (such as political, economic, institutional, social, behavioural and of power) and their spatial implications. Secondly, describing the evolution of the spatial planning system’s tradition since the beginning of the last century, aiming to better situate the recent transformations within a wide historical context. Thirdly, investigating the recent path of transformation of spatial planning system from the perspective of its different constitutive components, i.e. structural, technical, practice and discursive components. On the basis of this background, the role played by both international and local actors in influencing the described patterns of change in the three countries’ spatial planning system has been explored. In doing so, the research demonstrates how and when the international actors have been influential in shaping the evolution of the spatial planning systems in the Western Balkan Region, and in particular in the analysed countries. Their impacts have been variable in space, time, sectors and levels. As emerged, their influential mechanisms, hence their impacts, have differed from one country to another, and often differences have been emerging even within each country. Even their policy changed over the almost three decades of transition. The same actors, indeed, changed their targets and strategies several times according to contextual needs or their own priorities, which have been fluctuating from a humanitarian approach to the support of the path of EU integration. Different approaches have been followed also concerning the impacted areas. Through time, indeed, some actors focused on very sectoral issues while others adopted a more integrated approach. Finally, the nature of the influence and of the produced impact has varied according to each affected level of the state administration. Some actors focused on producing recommendations targeting the national level while others acted through the direct implementation of local level projects and programs. In this perspective, particular attention has been paid to understanding the role played by the EU as one of the most impactful actors. Overall, the research shows how spatial planning is a complex field composed by a number of interconnected dimensions and scales and proposes an investigation methodology that consider the actors and their role as the main analytical components. The evidence collected through this work contribute to shed some light on the evolutions of spatial planning in the Western Balkan region, that is soon going to be fully integrated into the European Union. In this light, it constitutes a solid foundation upon which to build future, more comprehensive research on the matter.
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2

Odstrčilíková, Linda. "Význam přímých zahraničních investic pro region západního Balkánu." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-193722.

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This paper deals with FDI in the Western Balkan countries with an emphasis on the determinants that influence FDI inflow. First, the conditions for investing in the region are examined, and then specific variables are chosen to be analyzed in the second part of the thesis. In the empirical part of the paper, the statistical significance of institutional and macroeconomic variables on the FDI inflow is researched. The concluding chapter evaluates the relationship between the accession process and FDI volume, and potential areas for FDI placement are recommended. As overall follow up to the preceding deductions, the investment outlook is finally presented.
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3

Ratkovic, Lidia, and Anna Törnqvist. " EU:s påverkan på västra Balkan : Det regionala samarbetet Ett fall av europeisering? ." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Social Sciences, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-1899.

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The general aim of this paper is to describe how the European Union can affect and transfer their conditionality politics to the Western Balkan countries. A specific purpose of this study is to describe and explain what we in this paper consider to be a specific additional membership criterion, regional cooperation that has been especially designed for this region. The point of departure for this paper is Europeanization theory that will be used to study the European Union’s impact on non EU-members in Europe. The theoretical Europeanization mechanisms are taken from Heather Grabbes “Europeanization model”. A descriptive case study method together with a theory consuming method will be used. After the wars in former Yugoslavia the now independent countries started in their own pace to move closer the European Union. The problems the individual countries faced in the beginning of the 21st century were much a consequence of the war. This lead the European Union to establish a special political and economical regional framework, where regional cooperation was emphasized. Regional cooperation developed into one of the most important elements in the EU´s relation with the countries and is made a specific requirement under the Stabilization- and association process. Implications this paper makes are that regional cooperation can be considered as a specific requirement the EU use in the Western Balkan countries membership process and that EU have a series of “influencing tools” which works to promote regional cooperation in the Western Balkans.

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4

Marazopoulos, Christos. "Constructing the Western Balkans : understanding the European Commission's regional approach from a constructivist perspective." Thesis, University of Bath, 2013. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.607143.

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Анотація:
The thesis traces the construction of the Western Balkans since the end of the armed conflict in 1995. The term Western Balkans has become a commonplace in international politics that refers to a recognisable region on the European map – ignoring that it does not constitute a historical formation of European and Balkan politics. Most contemporary analysis focuses on functional aspects of economic cohesiveness and security interdependence. However, this thesis argues that the concept of Western Balkans is better understood as a social construction, externally-driven. The argument is that the Western Balkans is what the European Union makes of it. By taking a macro-historical perspective, we look at the long and special ties that the EU has had from the time of Yugoslavia to the Western Balkans until the mid-2000s. What we uncover is a special and consistent involvement of the European Commission into the regional affairs. The Western Balkans starts as a small organisational department within the institutional structure of the external relations' portfolio to become a regional identity question for the local populations. Also, the thesis points to the Commission’s actions as not just the outcome of micro-calculations but part of a social context of competing world-views; and, finally, this is the reason that the end-product of the Western Balkans resembles more a messy amalgam rather than a rational design.
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5

Haubrich, Seco Miguel [Verfasser]. "The European Union as a Region-Builder beyond its Borders? : An analysis of the EU's promotion of regional cooperation in the Western Balkans and Mercosur. / Miguel Haubrich Seco." Berlin : epubli, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1192229010/34.

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Haubrich, Seco Miguel [Verfasser], Wolfgang W. [Gutachter] Wessels, and Lenka [Gutachter] Rovná. "The EU as a region-builder beyond its borders? An analysis of the EU's promotion of regional cooperation in the Western Balkans and Mercosur / Miguel Haubrich Seco ; Gutachter: Wolfgang W. Wessels, Lenka Rovná." Köln : Universitäts- und Stadtbibliothek Köln, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1187910694/34.

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7

Momce, Adilson Prizmic. "Vantagens e desvantagens da Croácia na União Europeia: integração ou submissão do ponto de vista da soberania nacional?" Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8136/tde-30072013-110622/.

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Esta pesquisa levanta os elementos formadores da identidade nacional croata; faz um acompanhamento das conquistas da União Europeia; analisa os atores sociais que se posicionam a favor da Croácia como membro da União Europeia, bem como o posicionamento daqueles que são contra o ingresso da Croácia na União Europeia. Os posicionamentos teóricos, entrecruzados com os dados práticos coletados, faz-nos refletir sobre ganhos e perdas dos croatas em sua relação com a União Europeia. Há tendências negativas da União Europeia, aqui expostas, que não estão explícitas em seus tratados, nem expressos por suas instituições. Importa, nesta pesquisa, alcançar um posicionamento crítico com relação aos atos econômicos, políticos e sociais relacionados com a soberania nacional dos países periféricos do Leste Europeu. Este trabalho coloca em discussão as estratégias dos países ricos da Europa no sentido de perseverarem competitivos em âmbito global, incorporando o mercado do Leste Europeu. Por isso, este estudo se debruça sobre o Alargamento e acordos assinados entre os países-membros da União Europeia; mudanças na legislação croata; influência estrangeira no desenvolvimento humano da Croácia, dados estatísticos da Croácia e de países da União Europeia que espelham fatores positivos e negativos relacionados com a sustentabilidade da soberania nacional.
This research raises the formative elements of Croatian national identity; makes a follow-up to the achievements of the European Union; it analyzes the social actors that are positioned in favor of Croatia as a member of the European Union, as well as the positioning of those who are against the ingress of Croatia into the European Union. The theoretical positioning, intercrossed with practical data collected, makes us reflect on gains and losses of the Croats in their relationship with the European Union. There are negative trends of the European Union, exposed here, that are not explicit in its treaties, nor expressed by its institutions. It is important, in this study, achieving a critical positioning with respect to economic, political and social acts related to national sovereignty of peripheral countries of Eastern Europe. This work puts into discussion the strategies of the rich countries of Europe in order to persevere competitive in global scope, incorporating the East European market. For this reason, this study focuses on the \'Enlargement\' and agreements signed between the member countries of the European Union; changes in Croatian legislation; foreign influence in human development of Croatia, statistical data of Croatia and the European Union countries that reflect positive and negative factors related to sustainability of national sovereignty.
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8

Abazi, Rrezon, and 李瑞森. "Economic growth in the Western Balkan region: Comparison between EU and non-EU countries." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/x2ahsm.

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Анотація:
碩士
國立清華大學
國際專業管理碩士班
105
Abstract This paper uses economic indicators, to explain the economic growth and current economic situation of the countries in the Balkan Peninsula, in southeast Europe. As a region that was involved in an armed conflict during the 1990s, these economies have shown similar growth patterns throughout the years, according to the data we collected and analyzed. However, the paper is organized in two different group of countries, first the group of Slovenia and Croatia as current members of the European Union, and the other group of countries as non-EU Albania, Kosovo, Macedonia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro and Serbia. This paper argues that the EU member countries do have a more stable growth rate, and perform better while the other group the non-EU countries should follow the same patterns and work towards the European Union integration. As the paper argues that it would be more suitable and it would be more beneficial in the end to catch up with other European countries and maintain a sustainable economy.
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Vanchoski, Aleksandar. "Regionalizace Západního Balkánu a Visegrádských zemí - politický a mediální dikurz v Makedonii." Master's thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-354138.

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The process of region building and regionalization is an emerging phenomenon examined in the same time by historians, geographers, political scientists, economists diplomats and other scientific profiles. The concepts of region and regionalization could appear at different spatial scales, such as supra-state, sub-state or as a cross-border units and processes. Furthermore region and regionalization are complex for defining because they incorporate different narratives and categories as regional identity, spatial borders and delineating, cultural and social homogeneity, political and economic interdependence etc. Regions are invented, re-invented or constructed with purpose to reply to different functional, territorial and administrative purposes. In the era of ongoing globalization and deepening of the European integration, regions are becoming powerful tool for achieving different goals and interests. Nowadays regions, regional cooperation, regional identity are becoming a terms very often used in political and public discourses for different kind of mobilization. Western Balkan, similarly as Visegrad and Baltic regional formats is one of the emerging spatial formation that is appearing in the context of EU integration policies. In Macedonian political and public discourse these tendencies are...
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Kuľková, Miroslava. "Regionální tranzice - od konfliktu ke spolupráci." Doctoral thesis, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-437632.

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Doctoral thesis Regional Transition - From Conflict to Cooperation examines the transformation of world regions from non-cooperative to. It brings reconceptualization of the peaceful change, which it understands as a continuum - negative peace, positive peace, and security community. This understanding builds on the existing literature on peaceful change, yet the conceptualization of the stages is innovated. The main goal of this dissertation is to capture the dynamic process of transition from negative to positive peace, and from positive peace to the security community. It uses findings from the literature on peaceful changes and trust-building to build two comprehensive mechanisms of transition that are subsequently traced with the method of process-tracing in two cases of the region for each type of transition. The focus is on the entities and activities producing the qualitative change in the regional relations. For the transition from negative to positive peace, Western Balkans in the period from 1999 to 2011, and Southeast Asia from 1966 to 2003 are chosen. For the transition from positive peace to the security community, Western Europe (1957-2004) and North America (1940s- 2011) are chosen.
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Книги з теми "Western Balkan Region"

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Bartlett, William. Europe's troubled region: Economic development, institutional reform and social welfare in the Western Balkans. London: Routledge, 2008.

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Gibson, Kenneth E. Western balsam bark beetle activity and flight periodicity in the Northern Region. Missoula, Mont: U.S. Forest Service, Northern Region], Cooperative Forestry and Forest Health Protection, 1997.

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United Nations. Dept. of Economic and Social Affairs, ed. Innovations in governance in the Middle East, North Africa, and Western Balkans: Making governments work better in the Mediterranean region. New York: United Nations, 2007.

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United Nations. Dept. of Economic and Social Affairs., ed. Governance in the Middle East, North Africa, and Western Balkans: Challenges and priorities in reforming public administration in the Mediterranean region. New York: United Nations, 2008.

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United Nations. Dept. of Economic and Social Affairs., ed. Governance in the Middle East, North Africa, and Western Balkans: Challenges and priorities in reforming public administration in the Mediterranean region. New York: United Nations, 2008.

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Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. and SourceOECD (Online service), eds. Sector specific sources of competitiveness in the Western Balkans: Recommendation for a regional investment strategy. [Paris]: OECD, c2009., 2009.

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Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. and SourceOECD (Online service), eds. Sector specific sources of competitiveness in the Western Balkans: Recommendation for a regional investment strategy. [Paris]: OECD, c2009., 2009.

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Miller-Weeks, Margaret M. Aerial assessment of red spruce & balsam fir condition in the Adirondack region of New York, the Green Mountains of Vermont, the White Mountains of New Hampshire, and the mountains of western Maine, 1985-1986. Durham, N.H: Forest Health Protection, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, 1993.

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Miller-Weeks, Margaret. Aerial assessment of red spruce & balsam fir condition in the Adirondack region of New York, the Green Mountains of Vermont, the White Mountains of New Hampshire, and the mountains of western Maine, 1985-1986. Durham, N.H: Forest Health Protection, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, 1993.

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10

1946-, Bush George W., and United States. Congress. House. Committee on International Relations., eds. Declaration of a national emergency with respect to the western Balkans region: Message from the President of the United States transmitting his declaration of a national emergency in response to the unusual and extraordinary threat posed to the national security and foreign policy of the United States by actions of persons engaged in or assisting, sponsoring, or supporting, extremist violence in the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, southern Serbia, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, and elsewhere in the western Balkans region, pursuant to 50 U.S.C. 1703(b). Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2001.

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Частини книг з теми "Western Balkan Region"

1

Mahmutaj, Noela. "Russian Government Policy in the Western Balkans." In Securitization and Democracy in Eurasia, 125–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16659-4_8.

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AbstractThis article aims to explain the nature of Russian foreign policy towards the Western Balkan states, taking into account the role of other actors such as the European Union, an increasingly important player in this radically changed geopolitical context. Since the fall of the communist regime, the Western Balkans have faced major challenges and have been at the forefront of debates on critical issues such as transatlantic relations (with regard to NATO and EU enlargement, as well as EU defence policy and security). In recent times, the Balkan region has come under the influence of the Great Powers. Therefore, as a Great Power, Russia is building a foothold in the Balkans, a move criticized and not welcomed by other countries or actors. Furthermore, Moscow is unique in terms of its range of capabilities, including its “hard” and “soft power.” This article aims to understand and analyse Russia’s policy and strategy in the Western Balkans.
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Akilli, Erman. "Exploring Heritage Diplomacy: The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) an the Western Balkans." In Securitization and Democracy in Eurasia, 405–11. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16659-4_28.

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AbstractAs the Yugoslav Wars tore the Western Balkan region, events during and after World War II did the same for the Northeast Asia region (China, Japan, and Korea). But today, through Heritage Diplomacy (HD) practice in the BRI, China promotes regional cooperation, stability, and constructive diplomatic relations. A significant part of HD is providing assistance to other countries, such as renovation/cultural heritage protection and heritage management assistance, technology transfer, capacity building, and institutional support. Thus, the Western Balkans can use the same formula as the BRI to promote and facilitate continuous cooperation, harmony, and political dialogue between states in the region.
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Lamçe, Eni. "Securitizing and De-securitizing Actors of the OSCE: The Case of the Western Balkan Region." In Securitization and Democracy in Eurasia, 109–23. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16659-4_7.

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AbstractThe OSCE, in its capacity as the largest regional security organization worldwide, has played a pivotal role in promoting security and cooperation in the Western Balkans. This research emphasizes the role of the main actors of the OSCE debate who try to securitize and de-securitize the concerns in the Western Balkan region in the light of the Regional Security Complex Theory. It draws attention to the role that the EU, US, and the Russian Federation have played in the politico-military dimension debate, starting from 1995 when the OSCE was established until 2001 when the turmoil in the region came to an end, as well as in the human dimension debate, beginning from 2015 when Serbia was the first Western Balkan country to chair the organization until 2020 and the Albanian OSCE Chairmanship. The research argues that the two most pressing concerns during the first timeframe, where securitization from regional actors can be addressed, were in the field of arms control and border management. In contrast, in the second timeframe, which is mainly characterized by de-securitization, the attention of the main actors concerning the region is centred on democratization and rule of law.
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Ferrero-Turrión, Ruth. "The Western Balkans: The EU Border Outsourcing Process and Its Impact on the Balkan Region." In Security Challenges and the Place of the Balkans and Serbia, 87–104. Belgrade: Institute of International Politics and Economics ; Faculty of Security Studies, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18485/iipe_balkans_rssc.2020.ch6.

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Djurdjevic, Vladimir, Goran Trbić, Aleksandra Krzic, and Danijela Bozanic. "Projected Changes in Multi-day Extreme Precipitation Over the Western Balkan Region." In Climate Change Management, 15–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03383-5_2.

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Tankosić, Jelena Vapa, Srdjan Redžepagić, and Miroslav Stojsavljević. "Trade, Regional Integration and Economic Growth: MEDA Region and the Western Balkan Countries." In Financial and Monetary Policy Studies, 215–29. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35697-1_12.

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Šite, Damir. "Judgment Enforcement in Western Balkans." In Regional Law Review, 239–51. Belgrade ; Hungary ; Osijek: Institute of Comparative Law ; University of Pécs Faculty of Law ; Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Faculty of Law, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18485/iup_rlr.2020.ch18.

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Ružić, Nevena. "Nationalising the General Data Protection Regulation in Western Balkan." In Regional Law Review, 313–27. Belgrade: Institute of Comparative Law, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18485/iup_rlrc.2021.2.ch19.

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Bargiacchi, Paolo. "The Revised Enlargement Methodology for the Western Balkans." In Regional Law Review, 47–58. Belgrade ; Hungary ; Osijek: Institute of Comparative Law ; University of Pécs Faculty of Law ; Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Faculty of Law, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18485/iup_rlr.2020.ch4.

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Matić Bošković, Marina. "The Perception of Justice in Western Balkans Countries." In Regional Law Review, 25–37. Belgrade: Institute of Comparative Law, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18485/iup_rlrc.2021.2.ch2.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Western Balkan Region"

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Bulut, N., U. Kocum, and A. Kaslilar. "Investigation Of Noise Levels In The Northern Aegean Region, Western Turkey." In 9th Congress of the Balkan Geophysical Society. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201702602.

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Watanabe, Naoki, Satoshi Yamamoto, Gen Furuya, Martin Krkač, Snježana Mihalić Arbanas, and Hideaki Marui. "Geochemical Interpretation of groundwaters in the Kostanjek landslide in the western part of Zagreb, Croatia." In 4th Regional Symposium on Landslides in the Adriatic - Balkan Region. Društvo za geotehniku u Bosni i Hercegovini, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.35123/resylab_2019_4.

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Beghoul, M. N. "P Wave Tomography of the Western Mediterranean Region and the Gulf of Cadiz. Constraints on Regional Geodynamic Models." In 8th Congress of the Balkan Geophysical Society. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201414224.

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Çokgezen, Murat, and Jale Çokgezen. "Transformation in Economics Education in Transition Countries and International Visibility: The Case of Balkan Economists." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c05.00856.

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In the socialist era, economists, like other scientists, had limited connections to the West and their work rarely appeared in international journals due to methodological differences between the Western and the socialist scholars in social sciences, inadequacies in English, and other legal restrictions. After the collapse of socialism, legal barriers were lifted but the new republics still needed new economists equipped with the requirements of the new economic order based on private property and market mechanisms. To this end, they reorganized their economics curricula, published new textbooks, and trained students and academics. Aim of this study is to discuss impact of policies adopted in economics education by transition countries on publication performances of economists in former socialist countries in Balkan region. In this regard, articles published by the economists of former socialist countries in the Balkans between 1990 and 2013 are examined. The articles published in journals indexed by Scopus database are classified on the bases of countries, dates, authors, affiliations, journals and subjects. Long term trends derived from these classifications are interpreted. The results of this study show that number of publications by Balkan economists in Scopus economics journals increased gradually over 1990-2013 period: Particularly, increasing number of regional journals indexed in the Scopus soared the international publications of the Balkan economists. Overwhelming majority of these works are in English, published in regional journals and are about regional issues. The study also revealed that most of the contributors are affiliated to big, old, public universities of the region.
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Raileanu, V., F. Hauser, W. Fielitz, C. Dinu, A. Bala, M. Landes, and C. Prodehl. "A Crustal Structure Model From The North Dobrogea Through The Vrancea Region To The Western Transylvania." In 4th Congress of the Balkan Geophysical Society. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.26.o14-05.

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Devedzic, Goran, and Duncan Shepherd. "Education in Bioengineering and Medical Informatics in the Western Balkan region: Fostering new study programs." In 2015 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/educon.2015.7096037.

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Ranguelov, B. K., M. S. Bayraktutan, R. S. Radichev, and A. S. Kisyov. "Gravity and Magnetic Potential Fields for the Western Black Sea Region – Marine and on Land Maps with High Resolution." In 8th Congress of the Balkan Geophysical Society. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201414179.

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Trpeski, Predrag, Borce Trenovski, Gunter Merdzan, and Kristijan Kozeski. "THE IMPACT OF REMITTANCES ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN WESTERN BALKANS – A PANEL APPROACH." In Economic and Business Trends Shaping the Future. Ss Cyril and Methodius University, Faculty of Economics-Skopje, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47063/ebtsf.2021.0004.

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The migration is one of the constitutive features of Western Balkans’ historical specificity, which significantly changed Balkan societies in the last two centuries. One crucial effect of intensive emigration is high remittances. Cross-country analyses and evidence from household surveys suggest that migration and remittances reduce poverty in the origin communities. In addition, remittances lead to increased investment in education, health, and small businesses. The diaspora can be a source of capital, investment, knowledge, and technology transfer. The inflow of remittances can contribute to the economic development of the remittance-receiving country, provided that the country can use these funds to finance investments that will enable it to produce export or investment goods to replace imports. This paper examines the impact of remittances on economic growth in the Western Balkans (North Macedonia, Serbia, Albania, Kosovo, Montenegro, and Bosnia and Herzegovina) last two decades. The relationship between economic growth, remittances, final household consumption, domestic investments, and trade is examined through a panel approach. The paper uses annual data obtained from the World Bank World Development Indicators. The results of the empirical analysis help determine the relationship between remittances and economic growth and provide a solid base for policymakers to direct remittances into productive investments. The general conclusion for the region is the need to implement policies that will strengthen the financial system to enable a more significant positive impact of remittances from migrants on economic growth.
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Chaushi, Blerta Abazi, Agron Chaushi, and Florije Ismaili. "E-learning systems in higher education institutions: An outlook of their use in the Western Balkan Region." In University for Business and Technology International Conference. Pristina, Kosovo: University for Business and Technology, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.33107/ubt-ic.2015.109.

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Sahoo, Sarata K., Hiroko Enomoto, Shinji Tokonami, Tetsuo Ishikawa, Predrag Ujić, Igor Čeliković, Zora S. Žunić, Anselmo Salles Paschoa, and Friedrich Steinhäusler. "Determination of Depleted Uranium in Environmental Bio-monitor Samples and Soil from Target sites in Western Balkan Region." In THE NATURAL RADIATION ENVIRONMENT: 8th International Symposium (NRE VIII). AIP, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2991228.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Western Balkan Region"

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Arifi, Besa. Education in Preventing & Countering Violent Extremism: Considerations for the Western Balkans. RESOLVE Network, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37805/pn2022.1.wb.

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Violent extremism in the Western Balkans takes many forms, from Western Balkans foreign fighters recruited to participate in conflicts abroad, including in the Middle East and Ukraine; to ethno-nationalist organizations that spread inter-ethnic hatred, some emanating from and glorifying legacies of conflict spanning back to the breakup of the former Yugoslavia and regional conflicts in the 1990s; to chauvinism and anti-EU and anti-NATO ideas that emerge to become even more serious and with greater consequences for the region and socio-political cohesion and dynamics. As violent extremism continues to evolve and adapt in the Western Balkan countries, efforts to address it must also adjust to new threats from both internal and external sources. Recent research on violent extremism in the Western Balkans, and North Macedonia specifically, suggests that education may be an important tool in addressing violent extremism in the region. Some have suggested educational initiatives may assist in addressing online and offline disinformation and extremist narratives. Furthermore, addressing ongoing issues within ethnically divided educational systems may play an important role in working to address some of the ethnic-based divisions that can contribute to ”othering” dynamics. Others have further suggested that education and other support services can play a role in aiding the transition of those imprisoned on charges related to violent extremism and returning families back into society. As countries throughout the Western Balkans continue to update and revise their national action plans and policies to address violent extremism, greater consideration of the role of education and how it might be integrated into these policies is needed. This publication, based on findings from a large-scale literature review mapping the state of research on education in P/CVE in the Western Balkans and beyond,offers a series of considerations for policymakers and practitioners looking to incorporate education in future efforts to address drivers, both real and potential, of violent extremism in Western Balkan states. While findings from this paper are contextualized within the broader experiences of the Western Balkans, specific examples based on experiences in individual countries, North Macedonia most notably, are detailed to provide an in-depth example of considerations for policymakers interested in further incorporating education into P/CVE plans moving forward.
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Dedeken, Chiara, and Kevin Osborne. Repatriating FTFs from Syria: Learning from the Western Balkans. RESOLVE Network, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37805/pn2021.23.wb.

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Four countries in the Western Balkan region (Kosovo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, North Macedonia, and Montenegro) are in the top ten countries with the most foreign terrorist fighters (FTFs) per capita. The political will to repatriate FTFs remains strong, at least in the Western Balkans, despite delays in 2020 due to COVID-19. In other parts of the world, especially high-income countries, political will to repatriate is considerably lower. COVID-19 has further constrained nations in their efforts to repatriate law-abiding citizens, which is less controversial than FTF families. Based on discussions with government officials and security officers in the Western Balkans as well as international experts and donors, this policy note provides operational recommendations to move forward with repatriation, rehabilitation, and reintegration of returnees building on lessons from repatriations in Albania, Kosovo, and North Macedonia. It urges governments globally to double down on repatriation efforts and to call on experience from governments in the Balkans to bring back their FTFs now. The recommendations in this policy note are relevant to any country where political will to repatriate FTFs can be generated.
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Schuch, Klaus. Patterns of Geographical Mobility of Researchers from Six Western Balkan Countries in Regional and European Mobility Based Training Programmes. Fteval - Austrian Platform for Research and Technology Policy Evaluation, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22163/fteval.2021.516.

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The aim of this paper is to analyse the mobility of researchers from the six Western Balkan Countries, Albania, Bosnia and Herzego-vina, Kosovo*1, Montenegro, North Macedonia, and Serbia (abbr. WB6) within structured regional and European mobility programmes. We want to identify geographical patterns with a view on mobility-based training from the WB6 region to the EU, but also within the WB6 region. The following structured regional European programmes provide the basis for this comparative analysis • CEEPUS • ERASMUS + • Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions (MSCA) • COST
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Lažetić, Marina. Migration, Extremism, & Dangerous Blame Games: Developments & Dynamics in Serbia. RESOLVE Network, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37805/wb2021.1.

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The rapid arrival of hundreds of thousands of migrants into the European Union (EU) from the Middle East, South Asia, and Africa beginning in 2015 coincided with an increase in support for anti-immigrant rhetoric and the far-right in many European countries. A substantial number of these migrants came to the EU through what became known as the “Balkan Route” a major transit land route cutting through the Western Balkans. In 2016, however, the Route officially “closed,” leaving many of those people attempting to reach Europe effectively stranded within the Balkans. In 2020, for example, approximately 7,000 migrants and refugees were present within the borders of Serbia at any given time. This presence of migrants within the Balkans did not go unnoticed and, in some cases, even spurred increased activity within and mobilization among far-right actors opposed to their presence in the region. Exploring this phenomenon, this report focuses on dynamics surrounding migration and responses to it from the far-right in Serbia, one of the countries on the Balkan Route.
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Haider, Huma. Transitional Justice and Reconciliation in the Western Balkans: Approaches, Impacts and Challenges. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.033.

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Countries in the Western Balkans have engaged in various transitional justice and reconciliation initiatives to address the legacy of the wars of the 1990s and the deep political and societal divisions that persist. There is growing consensus among scholars and practitioners that in order to foster meaningful change, transitional justice must extend beyond trials (the dominant international mechanism in the region) and be more firmly anchored in affected communities with alternative sites, safe spaces, and modes of engagement. This rapid literature review presents a sample of initiatives, spanning a range of sectors and fields – truth-telling, art and culture, memorialisation, dialogue and education – that have achieved a level of success in contributing to processes of reconciliation, most frequently at the community level. It draws primarily from recent studies, published in the past five years. Much of the literature available centres on Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), with some examples also drawn from Serbia, Kosovo and North Macedonia.
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Haider, Huma. Area-based Programming in Fragile- and Conflict-affected Contexts. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.011.

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Area-based programming (ABP) is an approach that defines an area as the primary entry point, rather than a sector or target group. It is particularly appropriate in areas with complex, inter-related and multi-sectoral needs (USWG, 2019). Evaluations of ABP suggest that such an approach can be effective in responding to complex conflict characteristics on sub-national levels (UNDP, 2018). Despite growing interest in ABP, evidence is still greater for sectoral or issue-based approaches.The adoption of area-based approaches in cross-border rural areas of the Western Balkans are some of the earliest of such interventions discussed and evaluated. There has in recent years been an increase in discussion and case studies of the application of ABP in urban settings. This rapid literature review looks at area-based approaches in rural and urban settings, focusing on Afghanistan, along with a brief look at examples from Syria, Lebanon, Mauritania, and the Western Balkans. It draws out collective strengths, factors of success, and weaknesses and challenges from these country and regional programmes. It concludes with a list of lessons and recommendations.
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Herbert, Siân. Social Norms, Gender, and Serious and Organised Crime in Albania and Kosovo. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.018.

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This rapid literature review explores the evidence about social norms, gender, and serious and organised crime (SOC) in Albania and Kosovo. There is limited literature that explores this exact question, as historically, gender has rarely been associated with organised crime (Amerhauser, 2020), therefore beyond a few focussed texts, this query also brings together findings from related literatures on: gender and organised crime (more generally); gender norms in Albania and Kosovo; and organised crime in Albania, Kosovo, and in the broader region of the Western Balkans. This paper is not comprehensive of all of the issues related to this question, but is illustrative of the most commonly discussed issues.
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Lucas, Brian. Behaviour Change Interventions for Energy Efficiency. Institute of Development Studies, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.138.

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Behavioural interventions are policies and programmes that incorporate insights from scientists who study human behaviour (such as psychology and behavioural economics), with the aim of encouraging socially desirable behaviours by removing barriers and creating incentives or disincentives (Cornago, 2021). Very few behavioural interventions for energy efficiency have been documented in Eastern Europe and the Western Balkans, and none in North Macedonia. The limited experience that has been documented in the region consists of a few small trials which used behavioural principles to inform households about approaches to energy conservation, but none of these trials have demonstrated a significant effect on behaviour. Behavioural interventions have been widely used elsewhere in the world, particularly in North America, Western Europe, and Australia, and there are many studies evaluating their impacts in these regions (Andor & Fels, 2018, p. 182). This report focuses primarily on household energy efficiency, and particularly on the most widespread and well-documented interventions, which are those related to providing feedback on energy consumption and labelling consumer goods. Although behavioural interventions have been shown to produce significant impacts and to be cost-effective in many situations, the available evidence has some limitations. Many examples that have been documented are small-scale trials or pilot projects; large-scale, institutionalised policy interventions based on behavioural insights are rare (Users TCP and IEA, 2020, p. 22). In many studies, experiments with small sample sizes and short durations show larger impacts than larger and longer-term studies, suggesting that pilot studies may over-estimate the savings that might be achieved by large-scale programmes (Andor & Fels, 2018, p. 182; Erhardt-Martinez et al., 2010, p. iv). The amount of energy saved by behavioural interventions is often fairly small and varies widely from one programme to another, suggesting that the effectiveness of these interventions may be highly dependent on local context and on details of design and implementation. Finally, many studies rely on participants reporting their intentions, and on hypothetical rather than actual purchasing decisions, and some studies have found a divergence between stated intentions and actual behaviour (Grünig et al., 2010, p. 41; Users TCP and IEA, 2020, pp. 75–76; Yang et al., 2015, pp. 21–22).
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Hoy, Sarah, Rolf Peterson, and John Vucetich. Ecological Studies of Wolves on Isle Royale Annual Report 2021-2022. Michigan Technological University, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37099/mtu.dc.wolf-annualreports/2021-2022.

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SUMMARY OF FIELD OPERATIONS Over the past year, fieldwork resumed at pre-pandemic levels. In February 2022, the wolf population was likely comprised of 28 wolves. This is an increase from the next most recent estimate of 12-14 wolves, made 24 months earlier in March 2020 (Fig. 1). The wolf population appears to be primarily organized as two main socia groups—an eastern pack consisting of at least 13 wolves and a western pack most likel consisting of 13 wolves—and two wolves that may not be part of either pack. There is evidence that pups were born to both packs in April 2021. For context, there is also evidence that one litter of pup was born in 2019 and two litters were born in 2020. Wolves appear to be an important cause of mortality for moose once again. In particular, this past year, the proportion of the moose population killed by wolves (i.e., the predation rate) was 8.7 percent. That rate is almost twice as high as the predation rate observed in 2020 (4.5 percent) and it is the highest predation rate observed since 2011. Overall, the new population of wolves on Isle Royale appear to be well-established and functioning healthily. Over the past year, the U.S. National Park Service (NPS) continued its efforts to outfit a small proportion of the wolf population with GPS radio collars to help monitor the recovering population. The estimated abundance of moose declined by 28 percent, from 1,876 to 1,346, between February 2020 and February 2022. Longer-term population trends suggest that the moose population had increased greatly over an eight-year period (2011-2019) but then started to decline over the last few years. The decline in moose abundance is likely a consequence of several factors, including higher predation rates by wolves, severe burdens of parasites (winter ticks), and a shortage of winter forage, indicated in part by an unusually high number of moose dying from malnutrition over the past two years. That shortage of winter forage, specifically balsam fir, is likely due to a combination of intense browsing by moose in previous years and recent defoliation due to budworm (moth larvae) in some regions of the park. In February 2022, 19 moose were outfitted with GPS collars so their movements and behavior can be monitored, adding to the 45 moose radio-collared between 2019 and 2020. For more information, visit isleroyalewolf.org and “Wolves and Moose of Isle Royale” on Facebook and Instagram.
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RESEARCH PRIORITIES: Western Balkans Snapshot. RESOLVE Network, October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37805/rp2020.1.wb.

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Amidst the evolving threat of violent extremism (VE) worldwide, the Western Balkans face substantial challenges to social cohesion and stability. As elsewhere, narratives of religious, far right, and nationalist militancy resonate with vulnerable youth populations in Western Balkan countries where a history of ethnic, religious, and civil strife created a situation vulnerable to terrorist recruitment at home and abroad. Individuals who traveled to fight alongside violent extremist organizations abroad are returning to their home countries following the territorial losses of extremist groups in Syria and Iraq. At the same time, ethno-nationalist extremism continues to gain traction and expand across the region. While some of these topics have received increased attention in the current body of literature, others remain under-researched. Existing research topics also require more field research and deeper conceptual foundation. The resulting gaps in our collective understanding point to the need for further research on evolving social and VE dynamics in the Western Balkans. More rigorous and grounded research, in this regard, can help inform and improve efforts to prevent and counter violent extremism (P/CVE) in the region. In 2019, the RESOLVE Network convened local and international experts to discuss research gaps and develop a preliminary list of research priorities for P/CVE moving forward in the Western Balkans. The topics identified in this Research Priorities Snapshot reflect their collective expertise, in-depth understanding, and commitment to continued analysis of VE trends and dynamics in the region.
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