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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Wealth decisions"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 11 березня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Wealth decisions"

Martin, Scott. "Command Decisions." Social Science History 34, no. 4 (2010): 499–522. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s014555320001141x.

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The interaction of Spanish and indigenous peoples during the conquest of Mexico yielded a wide variety of actions and decisions. Native groups sometimes battled the Spanish but in other instances cooperated. The Spaniards often attacked when facing overwhelming odds but in other situations retreated with meager gains. Insight into those decisions and actions is gained by looking at human wants and preferences. The Friedman-Savage utility function is applied to specific important events of the conquest of Mexico to clarify the decision making of the participants. An interdisciplinary approach is employed in constructing the expected utility of wealth model, where the maximization of the expected utility of wealth and movement between socioeconomic classes is critically analyzed. Evidence from the Juan de Grijalva expedition, interactions with coastal villages, Hernán Cortés's approach to Tenochtitlan, and the Tlaxcalan decision to ally with the Spaniards are used to clearly illustrate the relationship between the utility of wealth and decision making. Looking through the lens of the Friedman-Savage utility function at events up to Cortés's meeting with Moteucçoma, it is clear that the utility of wealth and the unprecedented opportunities to move to a new socioeconomic class were strong factors in the decision making of the participants.

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Mace, Ruth. "The co-evolution of human fertility and wealth inheritance strategies." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 353, no. 1367 (March 29, 1998): 389–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1998.0217.

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Life history theory concerns the scheduling of births and the level of parental investment in each offspring. In most human societies the inheritance of wealth is an important part of parental investment. Patterns of wealth inheritance and other reproductive decisions, such as family size, would be expected to influence each other. Here I present an adaptive model of human reproductive decision-making, using a state-dependent dynamic model. Two decisions made by parents are considered: when to have another baby, and thus the pattern of reproduction through life; and how to allocate resources between children at the end of the parents life. Optimal decision rules are those that maximize the number of grandchildren. Decisions are assumed to depend on the state of the parent, which is described at any time by two variables: number of living sons, and wealth. The dynamics of the model are based on a traditional African pastoralist system, but it is general enough to approximate to any means of subsistence where an increase in the amount of wealth owned increases the capacity for future production of resources. The model is used to show that, in the unpredictable environment of a traditional pastoralist society, high fertility and a biasing of wealth inheritance to a small number of children are frequently optimal. Most such societies are now undergoing a transition to lower fertility, known as the demographic transition. The effects on fertility and wealth inheritance strategies of reducing mortality risks, reducing the unpredictability of the environment and increasing the costs of raising children are explored. Reducing mortality has little effect on completed family sizes of living children or on the wealth they inherit. Increasing the costs of raising children decreases optimal fertility and increases the inheritance left to each child at each level of wealth, and has the potential to reduce fertility to very low levels. The results offer an explanation for why wealthy families are frequently also those with the smallest number of children in heterogenous, post-transition societies.

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Greenberg, Adam Eric. "When imagining future wealth influences risky decision making." Judgment and Decision Making 8, no. 3 (May 2013): 268–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1930297500005970.

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AbstractThe body of literature on the relationship between risk aversion and wealth is extensive. However, little attention has been given to examining how future realizations of wealth might affect (current) risk decisions. Using paired lottery choice experiments and exposing subjects experimentally to imagined future wealth frames, I find that individuals are more risk-seeking if they are asked to imagine that they will be wealthy in the future. Yet I find that individuals are not significantly more risk-averse if they are asked to imagine that they will be poor in the future. I discuss theoretical and policy implications of these findings, including why savings rates are so low in the United States.

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DUSHI, IRENA, and ANTHONY WEBB. "Household annuitization decisions: simulations and empirical analyses." Journal of Pension Economics and Finance 3, no. 2 (July 2004): 109–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474747204001696.

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Annuities provide insurance against outliving one's wealth. Previous studies have indicated that, for many households, the value of the longevity insurance should outweigh the actuarial unfairness of prices in the voluntary annuity market. Nonetheless, voluntary annuitization rates are extremely low.Previous research on the value of annuitization has compared an optimal decumulation of unannuitized wealth with the alternative of annuitizing all unannuitized wealth at age 65. We relax these assumptions, allowing households to annuitize any part of their unannuitized wealth at any age and to return to the annuity market as many times as they wish.Using numerical optimization techniques, assuming the levels of actuarial unfairness of annuities calculated in previous research, and retaining the assumption made in previous research that one half of household wealth is pre-annuitized, we conclude that it is optimal for couples to delay annuitization until they are aged 73–82, and in some cases never to annuitize. It is usually optimal for single men and women to annuitize at substantially younger ages, between 65 and 70. Households that annuitize will generally wish to annuitize only part of their unannuitized wealth.Using data from the Asset and Health Dynamics Among the Oldest Old and Health and Retirement Study panels, we show that much of the failure of the average currently retired household to annuitize can be attributed to the exceptionally high proportions of the wealth of these cohorts that is pre-annuitized. We expect younger cohorts to have smaller proportions of pre-annuitized wealth and project increasing demand for annuitization as successive cohorts age.

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Singh, Jagandeep. "Impact of Divestment Decisions on Shareholders' Wealth." Indian Journal of Research in Capital Markets 4, no. 4 (December 1, 2017): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17010/ijrcm/2017/v4/i4/120918.

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Moore, Norman H., Stephen W. Pruitt, and K. S. Maurice Tse. "South African divestment decisions and shareholder wealth." Economics Letters 42, no. 2-3 (January 1993): 223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-1765(93)90066-l.

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Heaney, Richard, Larry Li, and Vicar Valencia. "Sovereign wealth fund investment decisions: Temasek Holdings." Australian Journal of Management 36, no. 1 (April 2011): 109–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0312896210388859.

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Martin, Geoffrey, and Luis Gomez-Mejia. "The relationship between socioemotional and financial wealth." Management Research: Journal of the Iberoamerican Academy of Management 14, no. 3 (November 21, 2016): 215–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mrjiam-02-2016-0638.

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Purpose A growing volume of family firm literature has argued that the preservation of family socioemotional wealth takes precedence over the pursuit of financial goals. The purpose of this paper is to develop a conceptual framework that builds knowledge regarding the two-way relationship between socioemotional and financial forms of wealth, to develop a more complete theory of wealth concerns that may inform family firm decision-making. Design/methodology/approach The authors conceptually examine contingencies affecting the relationship between financial and socioemotional wealth (in both causal directions). Findings The authors predict when one form of wealth (socioemotional/financial) is likely to dominate the other (financial/socioemotional) in the family firm’s strategic decisions. Originality/value The paper advances knowledge on the two-way relationship between socioemotional and financial forms of wealth providing a platform for further development in the nascent field of family business research, including our understanding of family firm decisions regarding control and influence over the family business, environmental policy, altruism toward family members, R&D, accounting choices and corporate diversification.

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Bogan, Vicki L., and Jose M. Fernandez. "How Children with Mental Disabilities Affect Household Investment Decisions." American Economic Review 107, no. 5 (May 1, 2017): 536–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.p20171145.

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We analyze how children with mental disabilities influence parental portfolio allocation. We find that risky asset holding decreases among households with special needs children. However, conditional on participating in financial markets, households with special needs children invest a larger portion of their wealth in risky assets. As risky asset holding is a key component of wealth building, these findings have important implications for both policy and household wealth inequality.

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Cagetti, Marco, and Mariacristina De Nardi. "Estate Taxation, Entrepreneurship, and Wealth." American Economic Review 99, no. 1 (February 1, 2009): 85–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.99.1.85.

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This paper studies the estate tax in a quantitative framework with business investment, borrowing constraints, estate transmission, and wealth inequality. We find that the estate tax has little effect on the saving and investment decisions of small businesses, but does distort the decisions of larger firms, thereby reducing aggregate output and savings. Removing such distortions by eliminating the estate tax does not necessarily imply that everyone would be better off. If other taxes were raised to reestablish fiscal balance, those at the top of the wealth distribution would experience a large welfare gain, but most of the population would lose. (JEL D31, E21, H2)

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Дисертації з теми "Wealth decisions"

Bottazzi, Renata. "Essays on household labour market participation, housing and wealth accumulation decisions." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2005. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1445326/.

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The chapters of this thesis analyse elements of households' consumption, labour supply and saving decisions within the life cycle framework. The focus is on three main issues arising in this context. The first considers modelling both a durable good (housing) and labour supply choices together with life cycle choices over consumption and sav ings. The importance of modelling these features together comes from the existence of explicit earnings-related borrowing constraints when taking out a mortgage. Empiri cal evidence is provided for the UK and the modelling exercise, although not aimed to reproduce the evidence of a single country, is calibrated to the UK. The second issue concerns incorporating expectations into the model. Two ap proaches axe followed in the different chapters. One approach infers expectations from past realisations. The alternative approach uses expectations elicited in survey inter views. The third issue relates to whether individuals save enough for their retirement. This question is addressed by using expectations on retirement outcomes, elicited directly in accordance with the approach mentioned above, and collected for a representative sample of the Italian working population. Data of interest to our exercise is for the years before and after a series of major pension reforms.

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Chivers, David. "Essays on the effect of risk on wealth-enhancing investment decisions." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/essays-on-the-effect-of-risk-on-wealthenhancing-investment-decisions(8f59a3b3-5afe-4ed1-8571-92de0f3a2692).html.

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This thesis provides two general equilibrium models to analyse the macroeconomic effect of risk on wealth-enhancing investment decisions. In chapter 1, we present an overlapping generations model in which aspirational agents face uncertainty about the returns to human capital. Investment in human capital requires external funding, implying a probability of bankruptcy that is greater the lower the human capital endowment of an agent. We show that agents with sufficiently low human capital endowments may experience such a strong influence of loss aversion that they abstain from human capital investment. We further show how this behaviour may be transmitted through successive generations to cause initial inequalities to persist. These results do not rely on any credit market imperfections. In chapter 2 we note that most working-age Americans obtain health insurance coverage through the workplace. U.S. law requires employers that offer health plans to use a price common to all in the group. However, the value of health insurance to risk-averse agents varies with their idiosyncratic health risk. Hence, linking employment and health insurance creates a wedge between the marginal cost and benefit of insurance. Since health risk can be sizable and health insurance is part of total employee compensation, the wedge can affect firm and employee decisions. We study the impact of this wedge on occupational choice, productivity and welfare in a general equilibrium model with agents who are endowed with idiosyncratic health risk and heterogeneous managerial ability. Agents choose whether to be a worker or an entrepreneur. We find that the wedge distorts occupational choice by causing two types of misallocations. Some highly skilled individuals with adverse health shocks leave entrepreneurship while individuals with intermediate skills but favourable health shocks opt to manage firms. Four policies are analysed: expansion of employer-based health insurance; private insurance; health insurance exchanges; and universal health coverage. Factor prices are determined endogenously and programs are financed by lump sum taxes. We assess the quantitative effects of the policies on firm size, productivity, GDP, and earnings. Welfare effects may be positive or negative, vary significantly with an individual's position in the asset and ability distributions, and are sensitive to changes in risk aversion.

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Rohwedder, Susann. "Pension wealth and household saving decisions : microeconometric evidence from Britain and the U.S." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.406714.

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Sun, Wei. "Three Essays on the Economic Decisions Faced by Elderly Households." Thesis, Boston College, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/1187.

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Thesis advisor: Alicia H. Munnell
This dissertation contains three essays. Each considers an economic decision faced by elderly households. The cost of nursing home care represents a substantial financial risk for older households. Yet, only 10 percent purchase long-term care insurance (LTCI), with many relying on Medicaid. The first essay estimates a structural model of the LTCI purchase decision using Health and Retirement Study data. Estimates indicate that this population has a modest preference for higher quality care and thus Medicaid crowds out LTCI. In addition, housing wealth provides self-insurance against the cost of nursing home care, so that individuals who are "house-rich cash-poor" are less likely to purchase LTCI. I also evaluate public policies designed to stimulate the take-up of LTCI and reduce Medicaid spending. I find that a comprehensive 20 percent subsidy would increase take-up by 160 percent, but the resulting Medicaid savings would amount to only 22 percent of the subsidy cost. A targeted subsidy would be more likely to break even, but would have only a small effect on coverage. Full enforcement of Medicaid estate recovery programs would reduce Medicaid expenditure by 31 percent, but would have insignificant effect on LTCI coverage. The second essay investigates the impact of house prices fluctuations on the non-durable goods consumption decision of older households. House prices in the United States fluctuate over time with significant regional variation. Thus, understanding how these price movements affect households' consumption has important policy implications. Existing studies focus mostly on the working population, leaving the effect of older households, who could be either the largest beneficiaries or victims of house price fluctuations, unexamined. Using Health and Retirement Study data, I show that house price fluctuations significantly affect non-durable goods consumption of older households. Estimates indicate that both the wealth effect and a relaxed borrowing constraint increase consumption when house prices appreciate. In addition, I find that only unexpected changes in house prices lead to changes in consumption of non-credit constrained households, which is consistent with economic theory predictions. Finally, I provide evidence that older households usually fund the additional consumption by increasing mortgage debt, rather than by drawing down financial assets. The third essay evaluates the value of the additional longevity insurance acquired by delaying claiming social security benefit. Individuals can claim Social Security at any age from 62 to 70, although most claim at 62 or soon thereafter. Those who delay claiming receive increases that are approximately actuarially fair. I show that expected present value calculations substantially understate both the optimal claim age and the losses resulting from early claiming because they ignore the value of the additional longevity insurance acquired as a result of delay. Using numerical optimization techniques, I illustrate that for plausible preference parameters, the optimal age for non-liquidity constrained single individuals and married men to claim benefit is between 67 and 70. I calculate that Social Security Equivalent Income, the amount by which benefits payable at suboptimal ages must be increased so that a household is indifferent between claiming at those ages and the optimal combination of ages, can be as high as 19 percent
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2010
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Economics

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Ruiz-Tagle, Venero Jaime. "Three essays on how borrowing, saving, and portfolio decisions under uncertainty interact with wealth inequality." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.613681.

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Niemann, Rainer, and Caren Sureth-Sloane. "Investment Effects of Wealth Taxes under Uncertainty and Irreversibility." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, Universität Wien, 2015. http://epub.wu.ac.at/4684/1/SSRN%2Did2685104.pdf.

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The growing dissatisfaction with perceived distributional inequality and budgetary constraints gave rise to a discussion on the (re-)introduction of wealth taxes. Wealth taxes are typically levied on private wealth, in some countries also on corporate wealth. To avoid misleading statements concerning possible distributional consequences of wealth taxes, preceding analyses of the economic and particularly investment effects are necessary. As investments drive job creation, tax-induced changes in investment timing may significantly affect the income and wealth distribution. We analyze the impact of wealth taxes on investment timing under uncertainty and irreversibility and the propensity to carry out risky projects. Using a Dixit/Pindyck type real options model we find that wealth taxes have real effects. This means that higher wealth tax rates can either stimulate or depress the propensity to invest in risky projects. We find that apparently paradoxical wealth tax effects (accelerated investment due to higher wealth tax rates) are more likely for low interest rates and for high-risk investments. Using either historical cost or fair value accounting may affect investment timing ambiguously. Thus, the design of wealth taxes is crucial for the resulting delay or acceleration of investment. Although our model takes an individual perspective, our findings are also relevant for the current tax policy discussion on the introduction of wealth taxes. Our results indicate that wealth taxes are particularly harmful for specific classes of investments, for example low-risk investments. (authors' abstract)
Series: WU International Taxation Research Paper Series

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Louw, Elbie. "Optimal retirement savings : a South African perspective." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/57159.

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is worldwide concern that people do not save enough towards retirement. To stimulate savings, tax incentives are a method employed by governments to encourage retirement savings. In this context, the asset allocation decisions that individuals make and the asset allocation restrictions that are imposed by regulators in an attempt to protect retirement savings, potentially impact the retirement ending wealth, which could be accumulated in the pre-retirement phase of an individual. The objective of the study was to determine the impact of tax legislation, Regulation 28 of the Pension Funds Act (24/1956) and asset allocation choices on accumulated retirement ending wealth and what could be deemed appropriate for most individuals considering different time horizons. Therefore, the aim of this study was two-fold: to determine whether pension fund legislation which limits the exposure to risky asset classes resulted in sub-optimal accumulated retirement ending wealth despite the associated tax savings; and to determine whether life cycle retirement funds, as opposed to different balanced retirement funds, were appropriate for most individuals. The study did not find support for the notion that direct investment funds dominated high equity balanced retirement funds that complied with Regulation 28 as measured by firstorder and almost stochastic dominance. Despite the higher asset allocation to equities that was possible with direct investments, this benefit was outweighed by the tax savings attributable to retirement funds. Additionally, the results of the study refuted the notion that a direct investment fund could be optimal over a long investment horizon. The implication of the finding was that an individual saving for retirement should, firstly, do so by taking full advantage of the tax savings that retirement funds offered. Hence retirement funds are an effective retirement saving tool despite the limitations on high-risk asset class allocations. The study found only limited support for the hypothesis that a theoretical retirement fund with a 100 per cent allocation to equities dominated a high equity balanced retirement fund that complied with Regulation 28 (particularly in the case of a 100 per cent local equity retirement fund compared with a Regulation 28 high equity balanced fund with no foreign equity exposure). Because the South African equity asset class was very volatile (annualised standard deviation of 19.8 per cent against 17.4 per cent for local against foreign equity in the data used in the study), a high exposure could lead to very low accumulated retirement ending wealth values; the intent of Regulation 28 was to protect the retirement savings of individuals against such adversity. Despite being perceived as very restrictive on the individual, the findings could not conclude that Regulation 28 restrictions on asset classes were inappropriate. This study provided no support for the notion that a life cycle fund dominated a balanced fund with similar starting asset allocation from the perspective of accumulated retirement ending wealth. This raised the question whether life cycle funds, which are often included as default options for members of retirement funds, have a place. Hence they were likely not the optimal choice compared with a balanced fund counterpart with similar starting asset allocation. However, they could be attuned to the preferences of the individual (such as risk and personal preferences) rather than a rational objective assessment of one fund compared with another. The study provided mixed support for whether a life cycle fund dominated a balanced fund with dissimilar starting asset allocations. This indicated that whether there was a place for a life cycle fund in any retirement fund default options, or whether it was optimal compared with an alternative balanced fund, strongly depended on the underlying asset allocations of the funds while the length of the glide path, the investment horizon as well as the risk and return characteristics of the investable universe could also influence the conclusion. The study uniquely contributed to the retirement savings question with evidence that did not support the notion that Regulation 28 of the Pension Funds Act was necessarily inappropriate to serve the purpose of protecting retirement savings. The study also showed how the lower risk attribute of life cycle strategies impacted on accumulated retirement ending wealth, how it compared with balanced funds and which choice would be appropriate for most individuals. Because the life cycle industry is a fast-growing portion of the retirement fund market and becoming more popular as default options in retirement funds, the study contributed by contrasting life cycle funds with balanced funds and showed that the choice of which fund was optimal, was driven by the different characteristics of the funds such as investment horizon, starting and ending asset allocations as well as the length of the glide path.
Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2015.
tm2016
Financial Management
PhD
Unrestricted

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Hinrichsen, Anna Verena Verfasser], Dirk [Akademischer Betreuer] Schiereck, and Anette von [Akademischer Betreuer] [Ahsen. "Corporate governance and strategic personnel management: women on the board and female leadership, CEO overconfidence, layoff decisions ; capital market perception and shareholder wealth effects / Anna Verena Hinrichsen ; Dirk Schiereck, Anette von Ahsen." Darmstadt : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Darmstadt, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1126644323/34.

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Hinrichsen, Anna Verena [Verfasser], Dirk [Akademischer Betreuer] Schiereck, and Anette von [Akademischer Betreuer] Ahsen. "Corporate governance and strategic personnel management: women on the board and female leadership, CEO overconfidence, layoff decisions ; capital market perception and shareholder wealth effects / Anna Verena Hinrichsen ; Dirk Schiereck, Anette von Ahsen." Darmstadt : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Darmstadt, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:tuda-tuprints-60201.

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DeVries, Hendrik. "A missionary's economic decision-making in the context of disparity with reference to missionary experience /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1989. http://www.tren.com.

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Книги з теми "Wealth decisions"

Thaler, Richard H. Nudge: Improving decisions about health, wealth, and happiness. New York: Penguin Books, 2009.

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Thaler, Richard H. Nudge: Improving decisions about health, wealth, and happiness. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2008.

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Thaler, Richard H. Nudge: Improving decisions about health, wealth, and happiness. New York: Penguin Books, 2009.

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Thaler, Richard H. Nudge: Improving decisions about health, wealth, and happiness. New York: Penguin Books, 2009.

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Thaler, Richard H. Nudge: Improving decisions about health, wealth, and happiness. New York: Penguin Books, 2009.

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Thaler, Richard H. Nudge: Improving decisions about health, wealth, and happiness. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2008.

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Wealth management: Private banking, investment decisions and structured financial products. Oxford, UK: Butterworth-Heinemann, 2006.

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Forbes, William P. The shareholder wealth effects of Monopolies and Mergers Commission decisions. Manchester: [University of Manchester], 1988.

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Orlando, Richard J. Legacy: The hiddens keys to optimizing your family wealth decisions. New Hope, Pennsylvania: Legacy Capitals Presss, 2013.

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Abey, Arun. How much is enough?: Making financial decisions that create wealth and well-being. Austin, TX: Green Leaf Book Group Press, 2009.

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Частини книг з теми "Wealth decisions"

Rossi, Mariacristina, and Eva M. Sierminska. "Families and Housing Decisions: A Look Across OECD Countries." In Wealth and Homeownership, 55–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92558-5_3.

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Hauser, Barbara. "What Are the Best Ways for a Family to Make Decisions Together?" In Wealth of Wisdom, 183–86. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119331568.ch28.

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Van Der Sar, Nico L. "Utility of Wealth and Relative Risk Aversion: Operationalization and Estimation." In Modelling for Financial Decisions, 219–28. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76761-6_15.

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Coile, Courtney C. "Economic Determinants of Workers’ Retirement Decisions." In A Collection of Reviews on Savings and Wealth Accumulation, 271–96. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119158424.ch10.

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Kiaee, Hasan. "The Effects of Fixed Return Instruments on Investment Decisions in Islamic Economics: Using Stochastic Mathematical Model." In Wealth Management and Investment in Islamic Settings, 135–49. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3686-9_9.

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Blau, Benjamin, Clemens van Dinther, Christoph M. Flath, Rico Knapper, and Daniel Rolli. "Data Analytics for Smart Decision-Making and Resilient Systems." In Market Engineering, 221–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66661-3_13.

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AbstractIn a networked world, companies depend on fast and smart decisions, especially when it comes to reacting to external change. With the wealth of data available today, smart decisions can increasingly be based on data analysis and be supported by IT systems that leverage AI. A global pandemic brings external change to an unprecedented level of unpredictability and severity of impact. Resilience therefore becomes an essential factor in most decisions when aiming at making and keeping them smart. In this chapter, we study the characteristics of resilient systems and test them with four use cases in a wide-ranging set of application areas. In all use cases, we highlight how AI can be used for data analysis to make smart decisions and contribute to the resilience of systems.

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Grava, Roberts L. "Practical Scenario-Dependent Portfolio Optimization: A Framework to Combine Investor Views and Quantitative Discipline into Acceptable Portfolio Decisions." In Interest Rate Models, Asset Allocation and Quantitative Techniques for Central Banks and Sovereign Wealth Funds, 178–88. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230251298_9.

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Opp, Karl-Dieter. "Karl-Dieter Opp Recommends “Nudge: Improving Decisions About Health, Wealth, and Happiness” by Richard H. Thaler and Cass R. Sunstein." In 21st Century Economics, 95–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-17740-9_34.

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Langabeer, James R. "Decision-Making Strategies." In The Quest for Wealth, 173–85. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003231844-14.

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Bao, Helen. "Housing wealth and energy consumption." In Behavioural Science and Housing Decision Making, 112–31. Abingon, Oxon : Routledge, 2020.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429027253-8.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Wealth decisions"

Rodrigo-González, Amalia, Maria Caballer-Tarazona, and Aurora García-Gallego. "Testing the Trust Game with undergraduates: An experiment with wealth heterogeneity." In Third International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head17.2017.5059.

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Trust, reciprocity and a fair distribution of resources are cruzial in the sustainabhility of any economic system. As a matter of fact, those are values that should be promoted among the new generations, especially among university students enroled indegrees tha are related to economics.Under this context, we are interested in enhancing criticism and active reflectionamong undergraduates with respect to social values. With such a goal in mind, we design a two step classroom task that includes playing the Trust Game (TG) in the first place and, second, a discussion activity.This paper is an ext5ension of Caballer-Tarazona et al. (2016) with a novelty: A new treatment is introduced in which subjects have information about the cumulated wealth of their partners.As a complement of the educational propose of the task, data collected during the experiment has been used to test the three hypotheses on trust and reciprocity among students.Two main result emerge: First, information has no effect on trust and reciprocity decisions. And second, in median, a gender effect in such decision is found.

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Vogel, Carl, Evelyn Hayes, Deon Calawen, and Anna Esposito. "Windfall Scale, Wealth Consciousness and Social Proximity as Influences on Ultimatum Game Decisions." In 2018 IEEE 9th International Conference on Cognitive Infocommunications (CogInfoCom). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/coginfocom.2018.8639893.

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Laurinavicius, Antanas, and Algimantas Laurinavicius. "Emigration: a Price of Inequality or a Breach of Social Contract?" In Contemporary Issues in Business, Management and Education. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/cbme.2017.018.

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The society in our country has been struck by the emigration crisis of an unprecedented scope in Europe since World War II. Lithuania also stands out among the EU member states as a state with a particularly low level of trust, whereas the primary institutions of a democratic civil society, i.e. the Government, political parties, and the Parliament, are all at the bottom in the list of institutions ranked according to the level of trust. Although the growth of the average income and assets of the population was truly impressive over the past 20 years, this did not stop emigration neither slowed it down. This means that merely higher income is not enough for people; in fact, happiness is mostly correlated to equality of income (relative wealth) rather than to increase of income (absolute wealth). In the framework mentioned above the article provides a comprehensive analysis of the causes of emigration and suggests effective strategic decisions to stop the emigration using strategic thinking and strategic synthesis methods.

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Xie, Alex, and Yu Sun. "A Stock Forecasting App Using Machine Learning and Big Data Analysis to Help Guide Decision Making when Investing in the Stock Market." In 8th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Fuzzy Logic System (AIFZ 2022). Academy and Industry Research Collaboration Center (AIRCC), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/csit.2022.121613.

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Currently, there is increasing participation in investment, especially in the stock market, as it appeals to more average citizens. One common roadblock these individuals receive is the lack of information about the economy, politics, regulation, etc., which could all affect the stock market. This app addresses this problem by collecting mass information from third-party social media. Information from social media platforms has its advantage mainly due to the citizen involvement and expertise some users may resemble. Pulling large amounts of data from these social media users avoids bias and establishes reliable sourcing. Using this information as a predictor, the app computes data and effectively predicts the performance of the stock for the next three days. By doing this, users of this app could easily get informed through instant quantitative prediction instead of having to read all over social media. This app also indirectly manages people’s wealth because it allows users to make smarter decisions, thus increasing their money potential. In certain areas, this app is able to perform the same duty as a licensed wealth manager.

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L. Viktor, Herna, and Wayne Motha. "Creating Informative Data Warehouses: Exploring Data and Information Quality through Data Mining." In 2002 Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/2584.

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Increasingly, large organizations are engaging in data warehousing projects in order to achieve a competitive advantage through the exploration of the information as contained therein. It is therefore paramount to ensure that the data warehouse includes high quality data. However, practitioners agree that the improvement of the quality of data in an organization is a daunting task. This is especially evident in data warehousing projects, which are often initiated “after the fact”. The slightest suspicion of poor quality data often hinders managers from reaching decisions, when they waste hours in discussions to determine what portion of the data should be trusted. Augmenting data warehousing with data mining methods offers a mechanism to explore these vast repositories, enabling decision makers to assess the quality of their data and to unlock a wealth of new knowledge. These methods can be effectively used with inconsistent, noisy and incomplete data that are commonplace in data warehouses.

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Pandey, Vijitashwa. "Flaws Lurking in Engineering Design-Decision Making: The Attribute Set Dissociation Problem." In ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-59628.

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The applicability of theoretical decision analysis, while rationally sound, has eluded mainstream engineering design. A reason commonly overlooked is that basic concepts in decision analysis do not scale naturally to multiple attributes — which are encountered in, by far, most design problems. In this paper, we document a paradox when dealing with transactions involving multiple attributes. We show the possibility of a money pump where if we dissociate part of an attribute from a design, the rest of the design can be manipulated to get either a better design or create wealth out of nothing. To reconcile with paradox, it is argued that there is a fundamental problem dealing with multiple attributes where a frame of reference chosen (purposefully) ignores external inputs, assuming that design decisions happen in the vacuum of the frame chosen. For example, in a simple design valuation decision, the money amount committed does not necessarily come from a fixed range of negotiability (upper and lower limits) but is subject to change if significant changes in other attributes are possible. The root cause of this issue is that fungible attributes such as money can form a part of the attribute set or be trivially dissociated from it, if needed. We argue that this is rational behavior on a decision maker’s part. However, most utility formulations do not model it and lead to the paradox. We call this the attribute dissociation problem. A specific definition is provided as well as implications on design as well as preference elicitation methods are considered. Finally, formulations are presented that avoid this problem and recommendations are provided.

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Birk, Lothar, and Gu¨nther F. Clauss. "Optimization of Offshore Structures Based on Linear Analysis of Wave-Body Interaction." In ASME 2008 27th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2008-57631.

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This paper discusses new developments in automated hull shape optimization spearheaded by the authors. The use of the linear diffraction-radiation panel code WAMIT® as a design tool is highlighted. Early optimization results yielded bodies with extreme shapes. A series of studies has been performed comparing model test data and numerical computations. The presented comparisons reinforce the numerical results. The authors connected the reliable hydrodynamic analysis provided by WAMIT® with a newly developed parametric hull design methodology. This allows the automated generation of hull shapes without requiring user interaction. Single- and multi-objective optimization algorithms are available to solve a wide range of nonlinear programming problems. The integrated system optimizes hulls by minimizing motions and forces in waves. This is especially important for innovative systems when prior design experience is missing. The results of an optimization run provide a wealth of information which can be utilized to support rational design decisions.

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Molnár, András. "The Dynamics of Consent and Antagonism in Ian McDonald’s Luna Trilogy." In Argumentation 2021. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9972-2021-4.

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This paper is an attempt at a ‘law and literature’ analysis of Ian McDonald’s Luna trilogy. It claims that operating with a science fiction setting, the trilogy invites the reader to reflect on how and in what form a legal system may contribute to the proper functioning of a human community. The law of the moon rests on consent and antagonism at the same time. The ‘consent’ principle reflects law and economics’ conception that a person should be left to freely negotiate for their interests and rights, and that unless the transaction costs transcend the benefits, such free negotiation is the most effective way to regulate social relationships and increase common wealth. The Moon’s legal system, in this respect, is taken to the extreme, because even though courts do exist, there is no state apparatus to enforce judicial decisions. The system operates on fully individualistic and voluntary compliance to judicial decisions, which means that abiding by a pact is salvaged only by the individual interests of the participants. This reliance on individual interests – a pivotal point of law and economics – seemingly warrants cooperation, but also carries in itself the germ of antagonism. Antagonism, in my opinion, can be traced on two levels of the workings of the Moon’s so-called legal system. First, it places significant emphasis on fight: substantial truth matters little, if at all, in the moon’s legal system; what matters is pure bargaining power, tactical sense, and sometimes even bluffing, and this feature is even ideologised. One’s rights are constituted as a result of struggle. Second, however, the novel also deconstructs this notion of the law by centring on a more general level of antagonism, the armed conflicts of the various families to ground their own interests. Such conflicts demonstrate the inherent instability of the system that is not backed by a normative structure above pure partial interests.

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Rogulska, Aleksandra. "TEMPORARY CULTURAL FACILITIES AS AN ELEMENT OF REBUILDING STRATEGIES FOR CITIES AFFECTED BY EARTHQUAKES." In GEOLINKS International Conference. SAIMA Consult Ltd, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/geolinks2020/b2/v2/35.

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The Apennine Peninsula is one of the most densely-populated and most seismically active regions of Europe, possessing a wealth of cultural heritage. Historical cities and buildings are a part of this heritage. The earthquake damage prevention programme implemented in Italy does not cover existing buildings, and reconstruction plans for damaged cities, because of the threat's specificity, are always prepared after a disaster. In the case of heritage buildings, particularly those of super-local significance, decisions involving a complete reconstruction of their original form are typically made, erasing all traces of the tragedy. Reconstruction can take years, during which society is left without cultural facilities that are key to good morale. Opportunities provided by the phase between a disaster and restoring the buildings are too often underappreciated, while the time spent making the decision what and how to rebuild should be spent on action. Strategies involving temporary buildings allow to prevent the disappearance of public functions during the period preceding the reconstruction of major cultural facilities. These buildings should be designed as resilient, assuming a capacity to adapt to changing conditions and upholding or rapidly returning to a functional state after a disaster. They can enable the time between the disaster and making the decision about reconstruction to be used to identify and test new relations in the surroundings created through the loss of a section of substance. They provoke a debate about what must be rebuilt and at what cost, they facilitate understanding of the goals of a planned reconstruction. But most importantly, they sustain the genius loci, in order to affect the city's reconstruction process in its social, psychological and economic aspects. By analysing temporary cultural facilities built in Italian cities damaged by earthquakes, the study discusses methods of building temporary public buildings and features an attempt at assessing interventions that precede reconstruction. Based on the experiences of the city of L'Aquila severely damaged in 2009 and drawing conclusions from mistakes made during the implementation of pre-reconstruction strategies in the town, the author developed a proposal of a temporary intervention for the Basilica of St. Benedict of Nursia, which collapsed on the 30th of October 2016 as an effect of the Amatrice-Visso-Norcia seismic sequence. The proposal stresses the preservation of the previous function of the complex at its original site. This is meant to maintain the occupancy of Norcia's centre by the Benedictine monks, whose tradition is strongly linked with the city and makes it a major pilgrimage destination that is important to Christians.

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Sadigov, Rahim. "CONCEPTUAL BASES OF STRATEGIC HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT." In THE LAW AND THE BUSINESS IN THE CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY 2020. University publishing house "Science and Economics", University of Economics - Varna, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36997/lbcs2020.62.

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The main purpose of the research paper is to study the strategic management of human resources in industrial enterprises, career development and stimulation in the activity. Labor resources are active elements in the production of goods, the creation of material wealth and the provision of services to society. Human resources are important ones in all areas of the national economy. Human resources act as a creative component in the organization and management using their mental, spiritual and psychological capabilities. Human resources study and analyze technical, technological possibilities and financial sources, make management decisions as a leading resource in any organization. Research methodology is related in personnel policy and the comprehensive study of strategic human resource management. Human resource management in industrial enterprises is the main subsystem management system. This issue affects on the development of the enterprise, increasing the quality of products, economic efficiency and profits. The importance of the research paper - is to apply the results in the management of industrial enterprises. Human resource management contributes to sustainable operation in enterprises and organizations. The scientific novelty of the research is the definition of a successful personnel policy in the enterprise. Thus, the article identifies strategic goals in human resource management, and develops a corporate concept in this area. The article discusses the application of new technologies for career development. The application of innovations and methods in the implementation of management functions is the basis for motivating the workforce in an organization. All functions and management methods are applied in the process of strategic management of human resources. Management methods are social in nature, as well as ensure the direct development of employees, labor resources and actively influence on the outcome. Management methods lead to the expansion of financial and economic activities of the enterprise, the development of economic activities, the growth of labor resources. Management methods allow to increase competitiveness, as well as to attract partners, suppliers, customers and others. In this regard, our research can be commended in terms of the application of innovation in management.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Wealth decisions"

Santoro, Fabrizio, and Ronald Waiswa. Small Nets for Big Fish? Tax Enforcement on the Richest – Evidence from Uganda. Institute of Development Studies, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2022.009.

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ppropriately taxing the richest is a priority for every government, even more so in Africa, where higher revenue mobilisation is needed to fund growth. In Uganda, the revenue authority launched a specific unit to monitor the tax affairs of the richest individuals. Thanks to a close collaboration with the Uganda Revenue Authority (URA), we evaluate the impact of such policy on a range of tax filing and payment outcomes of targeted taxpayers, as gathered from a wealth of administrative data. We show that the policy only has been partially successful. While it increased the probability of filing, especially by politically relevant taxpayers, it produced a seemingly small response in which treated taxpayers would declare less on different margins, with the end result of not declaring more tax liabilities. On the tax payment side, only a small yet significant impact on tax collected is measured. In parallel, we show a strong compensating response across tax heads. Importantly, we also measure the spillover effect on companies associated with the richest taxpayers, again documenting complex compensating reactions. We inform future policymaking decisions, suggesting a higher simultaneous focus on different tax heads and a more holistic approach to monitoring both individual and corporate tax accounts.

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Whitehead, Martha, Dale Askey, Donna Bourne-Tyson, Karen Estlund, Susan Haigh, Claire Stewart, Kornelia Tancheva, Tyler Walters, Jennifer Muilenburg, and Judy Ruttenberg. ARL/CARL Joint Task Force on Research Data Services: Final Report. Association of Research Libraries and Canadian Association of Research Libraries, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29242/report.arlcarlrdstaskforce2021.

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The Association of Research Libraries (ARL)/Canadian Association of Research Libraries (CARL) Joint Task Force on Research Data Services formed in 2020 with a two-fold purpose: (1) to demonstrate and commit to the roles research libraries have in stewarding research data and as part of institution-wide research support services and (2) to guide the development of resources for the ARL and CARL memberships in advancing their organizations as collaborative partners with respect to research data services in the context of FAIR (findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable) data principles and the US National Academies’ Open Science by Design framework. Research libraries will be successful in meeting these objectives if they act collectively and are deeply engaged with disciplinary communities. The task force formed three working groups of data practitioners, representing a wealth of expertise, to research the institutional landscape and policy environment in both the US and Canada. This report presents the task force’s recommendations for the roles of research libraries with regard to research data principles, policies, and approaches to managing research data. The report also offers strategies for discipline-specific research data approaches, priorities for automation of processes, economic models to scale and sustain shared resources, prioritization of research data to steward, and decision-making rubrics.

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Perdigão, Rui A. P. New Horizons of Predictability in Complex Dynamical Systems: From Fundamental Physics to Climate and Society. Meteoceanics, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46337/211021.

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Discerning the dynamics of complex systems in a mathematically rigorous and physically consistent manner is as fascinating as intimidating of a challenge, stirring deeply and intrinsically with the most fundamental Physics, while at the same time percolating through the deepest meanders of quotidian life. The socio-natural coevolution in climate dynamics is an example of that, exhibiting a striking articulation between governing principles and free will, in a stochastic-dynamic resonance that goes way beyond a reductionist dichotomy between cosmos and chaos. Subjacent to the conceptual and operational interdisciplinarity of that challenge, lies the simple formal elegance of a lingua franca for communication with Nature. This emerges from the innermost mathematical core of the Physics of Coevolutionary Complex Systems, articulating the wealth of insights and flavours from frontier natural, social and technical sciences in a coherent, integrated manner. Communicating thus with Nature, we equip ourselves with formal tools to better appreciate and discern complexity, by deciphering a synergistic codex underlying its emergence and dynamics. Thereby opening new pathways to see the “invisible” and predict the “unpredictable” – including relative to emergent non-recurrent phenomena such as irreversible transformations and extreme geophysical events in a changing climate. Frontier advances will be shared pertaining a dynamic that translates not only the formal, aesthetical and functional beauty of the Physics of Coevolutionary Complex Systems, but also enables and capacitates the analysis, modelling and decision support in crucial matters for the environment and society. By taking our emerging Physics in an optic of operational empowerment, some of our pioneering advances will be addressed such as the intelligence system Earth System Dynamic Intelligence and the Meteoceanics QITES Constellation, at the interface between frontier non-linear dynamics and emerging quantum technologies, to take the pulse of our planet, including in the detection and early warning of extreme geophysical events from Space.

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Bergsen, Pepijn, Leah Downey, Max Krahé, Hans Kundnani, Manuela Moschella, and Quinn Slobodian. The economic basis of democracy in Europe: structural economic change, inequality and the depoliticization of economic policymaking. Royal Institute of International Affairs, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55317/9781784135362.

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- To understand contemporary challenges to European democracy, it is crucial to look beyond the surface of politics and consider the deeper relationship between democracy and the economy. Instead of focusing exclusively on the rise of ‘populism’, it is necessary to acknowledge the multiplicity of threats to European democracy, in particular those arising from the structure of European economies and economic policymaking. - Understanding these weaknesses in the functioning of European democracies is crucial to an effective approach to future economic transformations, in particular the green transition, but also for dealing effectively and equitably with challenges such as higher inflation. It is important that the relevant policy changes and responses are democratically legitimate and do not foster the kind of political backlash that previous economic transformations did. - Over the past 40 years, economic inequality – ranging from income inequality to discrepancies in wealth and economic security – has widened throughout developed economies. In turn, these developments have generated increasing political inequality, as economic policymaking has served the interests of the well-off. - Democratic systems have also been made less responsive to electorates through the ‘depoliticization’ of policymaking, in particular economic policy, as a result of its insulation from national-level democratic scrutiny. The expansion of technocratic modes of governance – notably through independent central banks and EU-level institutions – has in many cases entrenched the policy preferences of specific groups in institutions removed from direct democratic control. - As this depoliticization has to a large extent made democratic contestation over economic policy redundant, politics has increasingly been polarized around ‘cultural’ questions. But such a focus on culture is unlikely to address the inequalities behind the dysfunction of democracies in Europe. - Strengthening European democracy requires a ‘repoliticization’ of economic policymaking, including both fiscal and monetary policymaking. In the specific context of the EU, this would mean opening up more policy space for national decision-makers and parliaments – in particular by giving them a more influential role in fiscal policy, and by making monetary policy more democratic.

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