Готові списки джерел за темами / Water Developing countries

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Water Developing countries"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022

Оновлено: 29 січня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Water Developing countries"

Gonçalves, Nemias, Teresa Valente, and Jorge Pamplona. "WATER SUPPLY AND ACCESS TO SAFE WATER IN DEVELOPING ARID COUNTRIES." SDRP Journal of Earth Sciences & Environmental Studies 4, no. 2 (2019): 589–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.25177/jeses.4.2.ra.497.

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Casadei, W. S. "Water Resources in Developing Countries." Water Science and Technology 19, no. 9 (September 1, 1987): 195–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1987.0080.

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Pandit, Aniruddha B., and Jyoti Kishen Kumar. "Clean Water for Developing Countries." Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering 6, no. 1 (July 24, 2015): 217–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-061114-123432.

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Gadgil, Ashok. "DRINKING WATER IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES." Annual Review of Energy and the Environment 23, no. 1 (November 1998): 253–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.energy.23.1.253.

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Chaturvedi, Mahesh C. "Developing Countries." Water International 25, no. 1 (March 2000): 40–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02508060008686796.

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FANO, ENZO, MARCIA BREWSTER, and TERRENCE THOMPSON. "Managing Water Quality in Developing Countries." Natural Resources Forum 10, no. 1 (February 1986): 77–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-8947.1986.tb00781.x.

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Ongley, Edwin D. "Water Quality Programs In Developing Countries." Water International 26, no. 1 (March 2001): 14–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02508060108686883.

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Smieja, Joanne A. "Household Water Treatments in Developing Countries." Journal of Chemical Education 88, no. 5 (May 2011): 549–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed100480p.

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Biswas, Asit K. "Sustainable water development for developing countries." International Journal of Water Resources Development 4, no. 4 (December 1988): 232–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07900628808722397.

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Whittington, Dale, Donald T. Lauria, Daniel A. Okun, and Xinming Mu. "Water vending activities in developing countries." International Journal of Water Resources Development 5, no. 3 (September 1989): 158–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07900628908722429.

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Дисертації з теми "Water Developing countries"

Wighton, Hilary. "Clean water for developing countries /." Click here to view, 2009. http://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/socssp/8.

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Анотація:

Thesis (B.S.)--California Polytechnic State University, 2009.
Project advisor: Benjamin F. Timms. Title from PDF title page; viewed on Jan. 14, 2010. Includes bibliographical references. Also available on microfiche.

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Bocarro, R. A. "Water conserving WC design for developing countries." Thesis, Brunel University, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.379757.

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Vega, Isaac Manuel Ferrera, and Isaac Manuel Ferrera Vega. "Making Water Policy in Developing Countries: Water Resources in Tegucigalpa." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626795.

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The management of water resources around the world, and especially in countries with limited financial resources involves challenges that defy the sustainability and equitative use of the water. Governments have tended to respond through legislation to restrict uses and to redirect water management decisions to the Government itself. However, these fixed responses have proved not being effective due to the limited presence of central governments in the different watersheds. Consequences of this type of setting are a poor understanding of the hydrological issues, poor sustainability of the resources and unequitative distribution of water. On the other hand management of water resources, under a systematical view and under the administration of local users has been proved effective. The implementation of such managements allows a better adaptation of rules to local settings, the participation of the people and a permanent learning from the system. They seem a more advantageous water management approach for those countries where financial crisis do not allow a good monitoring and administration of their resources. Discussions about the topic are provided in the present thesis.

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Crouse, Anton. "The protection of water sources in developing countries." Thesis, Cape Technikon, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2167.

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Thesis (Diploma (Civil Engineering))--Cape Technikon, 1986.
In rural areas in Southern Africa a nearby stream or spring is a village or kraal 's main water supply. The majority of these elementdry water sources are polluted. In this project the health hazard of polluted water and methods to protect water sources from pollution are discussed. The project consists of a report of fieldwork done in Southern Kwazula and compiling from the results a Technical Paper on water source protection.

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Ukoli-Onodipe, Grace O. "Designing optimal water supply systems for developing countries." The Ohio State University, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1054719439.

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Ukoli-Onodipe, Grace. "Designing optimal water supply systems for developing countries." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5fnum=osu1054719439.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2003.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xiv, 164 p.; also contains graphics. Includes abstract and vita. Advisor: Allan Randall, Dept. of Agricultural, Environmental & Development Economics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 147-157).

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Olugboye, Dayo. "Sustainable water resource and environmental management in developing countries." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/620743.

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Water supply service delivery has been recognised as a complex challenge facing communities in developing countries. Its particularly serious in sub-Saharan Africa where a significant proportion of the population still lack basic access to safe drinking water supply. Over the years, many externally supported community-managed water facilities have failed to deliver sustainably. This results not only in a loss of financial investment but also constitutes a real threat to people’s health and well-being. Therefore, this study aimed to explore options for innovative water service delivery approach that can support vibrant water supply provision as well as provide a guidance framework for sustainable water service delivery in Nigeria. Due to the socio-technical complexity of the research, the mixed method approach was found to be the most suitable research method after extensive considerations and reviews of other several available research methodologies. The study found that the hand-dug wells (HDW) have enormous potential in sustainable water service delivery to households within the proposed framework arrangement. This research successfully presented a unique model, based on the concept of HDW self-supply, using rope pump technology in conjunction with a community-based water resource management concept. The proposed approach led to the production of a set of Guidance Frameworks that will aid planning and implementation of a proposed solution. This was validated with key stakeholders and it applicability was rated highly relevant in the water sector. The approach did not only address the question of technical and financial sustainability but also make a case for environmental sustainability. Hence, ensuring that meeting present domestic water needs will not jeopardise the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Further research was recommended to ensure wider applicability of the model.

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Martinez, Vila, and Martin Alvaro. "Integrated water resources management: restoration of water quality in water resources from developing countries." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/31626.

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Water is most essential but scarce resource in developing countries. Presently the quality & the availability of the fresh water resources is the most pressing of the many environmental challenges on the national horizon. The stress on water resources is from multiple sources and the impacts can take diverse forms. Geometric increase in population coupled with rapid urbanization, industrialization and agricultural development has resulted in high impact on quality and quantity of water in developing countries. The situation warrants immediate redressal through radically improved water resource and water quality management strategies. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/31626

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Riley, Timothy. "Trans-boundary river basins: a discourse on water scarcity, conflict, and water resource management." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2003. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4396/.

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This thesis is an inquiry regarding the interconnections between water scarcity, geopolitics, resource management, and the strategies for developing effective ways to resolve conflict and encourage sustainable water resource use in developing countries. The ecological services of trans-boundary rivers are explored in conjunction with the potential impacts to freshwater availability due to economic modernization, water resource development, and decision making regimes that determine how water is allocated among competing users. Anthropogenic stressors that induce water scarcity and the geopolitical mechanisms of conflict are studied. A discourse on the creation and functional extent of global and localized water ethics is investigated, emphasizing the importance of perceptual dispositions of water users in understanding the value of trans-boundary river basins.

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Adinda, Safahati. "Water Privatization: An optimal and efficient means for developing countries?" Thesis, Växjö University, School of Management and Economics, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-5497.

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Abstract

Privatization of goods and services can be a way to limit a firm's or a market's total costs. Water privatization in developing countries has many different reasons. The outstanding reasons are; the need to promote private investment in water sectors so that, national/private water rights and the millennium goals for water can be reached. Privatization is a process of changing a business ownership from a public to a private sector. By this process, the government loses power to the new private owner and the firm and/or market transfers to more business oriented. The private owner has one main goal in the business and that is to maximize the profit.

Water is a good that we all need in order to survive, regardless our economic conditions, son or later we all have to find a way to satisfy this need. Because of this, water is very important for all human being and a part of the human rights.

The crucial need of water for our existence and the private firm's goal are conflicting. This has created many commotions around the world and raised questions about how water privatization violates the human rights of UN conventions. But some people are pro water privatization and some of their arguments are that, privatization limits the government's external borrowing and improve the water distribution system.

Key words: Water privatization, Developing countries, Public sector, Private sector

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Книги з теми "Water Developing countries"

S, Petersen Margaret, ed. Water resources development in developing countries. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1991.

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Sasaki, T. Water reuse in cities of developing countries. Manchester: UMIST, 1997.

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K, Biswas Asit, and International Workshop on the Intercomparison of National Water Master Plans (1995 : Mexico City, Mexico), eds. National water master plans for developing countries. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1997.

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Bocarro, Robert Andrew. Water conserving WC design for developing countries. Uxbridge: Brunel University, 1987.

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McMann, Joel M. Potable water and sanitation. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2010.

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A, Okun Daniel, ed. Surface water treatment for communities in developing countries. London: Intermediate Technology, 1992.

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Kirpich, Phillip Z. Water planning for food production in developing countries. Lanham, Md: University Press of America, 1999.

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R, Labrada, and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations., eds. Weed management for developing countries. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2003.

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Niemeyer, R. G. Reduction of water losses in drinking water supply systems in developing countries. München: Weltforum Verlag, 1996.

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Koppen, B. van, M. Giordano, and J. Butterworth, eds. Community-based water law and water resource management reform in developing countries. Wallingford: CABI, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781845933265.0000.

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Частини книг з теми "Water Developing countries"

Dieterich, B. H. "Water Supply in Developing Countries." In Ciba Foundation Symposium 23 - Human Rights in Health, 19–33. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470715390.ch2.

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Chaudhuri, Malay, and Syed A. Sattar. "Domestic Water Treatment for Developing Countries." In Drinking Water Microbiology, 168–84. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4464-6_8.

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Bhattacharya, Srabanti. "Water Vendors of Peri-Urban Kolkata." In Sustainable Urbanism in Developing Countries, 395–406. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003131922-26.

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Dowling, John Malcolm, and Chin-Fang Yap. "Diarrhea and Other Water-Borne Diseases." In Communicable Diseases in Developing Countries, 169–200. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137354785_5.

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Tsuzuki, Yoshiaki. "Water and Sanitation in Developing Countries." In Pollutant Discharge and Water Quality in Urbanisation, 69–88. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04756-0_6.

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Mpotokwane, Masego Ayo, O. M. Modise, R. N. Lekoko, and O. T. Thakadu. "Sustainable Management of Water, Wildlife and Agriculture in Botswana: The Case of Mmadinare Area." In Sustainability in Developing Countries, 91–110. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48351-7_5.

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Edalat, Farideh Delavari, and M. Reza Abdi. "Water Management in Developing Countries: The Example of Iran." In Adaptive Water Management, 37–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64143-0_4.

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Ooshaksaraei, Poorya, Khalid Mokhtar, Syed Zulkifli Syed Zakaria, and Kamaruzzaman Sopian. "Large-Scale Solar-Assisted Water Heater for a Green Hospital." In Renewable Energy in Developing Countries, 109–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89809-4_8.

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Cembrowicz, Ralf G. "Water Supply Systems Optimization for Developing Countries." In Pipeline Systems, 59–76. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2677-1_7.

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Perkins, J. S. "Changing the Scale and Nature of Artificial Water Points (AWP) Use and Adapting to Climate Change in the Kalahari of Southern Africa." In Sustainability in Developing Countries, 51–89. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48351-7_4.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Water Developing countries"

Shivashankara, G. P., and Siddegowda. "Household environmental problems in developing countries." In WATER AND SOCIETY 2011. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/ws110261.

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Vanderbilt, Timothy P. "Water Problem Solutions for Developing Countries." In World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2003. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40685(2003)251.

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Gadgil, Ashok, David Hafemeister, B. Levi, M. Levine, and P. Schwartz. "Safe and Affordable Drinking Water for Developing Countries." In PHYSICS OF SUSTAINABLE ENERGY: Using Energy Efficiently and Producing It Renewably. AIP, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2993719.

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Bhattarai, Shashi, and Markus Starkl. "Rural Water Supply And Sanitation In Developing Countries." In The International Symposium on the Analytic Hierarchy Process. Creative Decisions Foundation, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.13033/isahp.y2005.043.

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Bradley, Danielle, Jennifer Vegh, Chung-Shing Lee, Renzhi Cao, and Leong Chan. "Assessment of Water Purification Technologies in Developing Countries." In 2018 Portland International Conference on Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/picmet.2018.8481981.

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Diaz, J., and B. Barkdoll. "Comparison of Wastewater Treatment in Developed and Developing Countries." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2006. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40856(200)370.

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Khoury, Naji N., Yara Maalouf, and Jessica Bounassar. "Audio-Magnetotellutic Method for Groundwater Exploration in Developing Countries." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2018. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784481417.011.

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Vairavamoorthy, Kalanithy, Ebenezer Akinpelu, Zhuhai Lin, and Mohammed Ali. "Design of Sustainable Water Distribution Systems in Developing Countries." In World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2001. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40569(2001)378.

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Bahadir, M. "EXCEED – Excellence Center for Development Cooperation Sustainable Water Management in Developing Countries." In Water Resource Management. Calgary,AB,Canada: ACTAPRESS, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2316/p.2010.686-800.

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Liner, Barry L., Bill Kingdom, and Iain Naismith. "Sharing the Wealth of Information: Benchmarking in Developed Countries Aids Water & Wastewater Utilities in Developing Countries." In World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2001. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40569(2001)203.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Water Developing countries"

Pegah Hassanzadeh, Pegah Hassanzadeh. Water Purification for Developing Countries. Experiment, August 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18258/3218.

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Bhalotra, Sonia, Alberto Diaz-Cayeros, Grant Miller, Alfonso Miranda, and Atheendar Venkataramani. Urban Water Disinfection and Mortality Decline in Developing Countries. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, March 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w23239.

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Wyatt, Alan. Non-Revenue Water: Financial Model for Optimal Management in Developing Countries. Research Triangle Park, NC: RTI Press, June 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2010.mr.0018.1006.

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Waddington, Hugh, Birte Snilstveit, Howard White, and Lorna Fewtrell. Water, sanitation and hygiene interventions to combat childhood diarrhoea in developing countries. 3ie, May 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.23846/sr0017.

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Amoah, P., S. Gebrezgabher, and P. Drechsel. Safe and sustainable business models for water reuse in aquaculture in developing countries. International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5337/2021.212.

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Burch, J., and K. E. Thomas. An overview of water disinfection in developing countries and the potential for solar thermal water pasteurization. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/567490.

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Metcalfe, Chris, Lisa Guppy, and Manzoor Qadir. Global Barriers To Improving Water Quality: A Critical Review. United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment and Health, January 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.53328/srlt7852.

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Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6 sets ambitious targets for improving global water quality prior to 2030. However, in low-income countries (LICs) and lower-middle-income countries (LMICs), there are significant barriers to improving water quality. Progress towards achieving the SGD 6 targets is unlikely unless there are programmes put in place to address these barriers. In this critical review, we document past experiences that show that interventions within LICs and LMICs to reduce sources of water pollution from industries, municipal wastewater and agricultural runoff have been largely ineffective. We review evidence that improvements to water quality are likely to lag behind advances in other SGD targets in countries with developing economies. Finally, water quality monitoring programmes in many nations are unlikely to be effective because of inadequate frequency and density of measurements, as well as unreasonable expectations regarding the scope of the monitoring programmes . We present some potential solutions to these problems, including setting realistic objectives for monitoring programmes, developing appropriate, lowcost solutions for pollution abatement and focusing on strengthening institutional and regulatory capacity.

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Carrillo, Paul, Ivette Contreras, and Carlos Scartascini. Turn Off the Faucet: Solving Excess Water Consumption with Individual Meters. Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003719.

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When consumption of water and other utilities is measured collectively and payment for such services is equally shared among members of the group, individuals may use more than what is socially optimal. In this paper, we evaluate how installation of individual meters affects water consumption. Using rich administrative data from the public water utility company in Quito, Ecuador, it is estimated that water consumption decreases by about 8% as a result of the introduction of individual metering. The effect is large and economically significant: in order to obtain the same effect prices would have to double. Individual water metering could be a useful tool to curve down consumption in both developing and developed countries.

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Sandford, Robert, Vladimir Smakhtin, Colin Mayfield, Hamid Mehmood, John Pomeroy, Chris Debeer, Phani Adapa, et al. Canada in the Global Water World: Analysis of Capabilities. United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment and Health, November 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.53328/vsgg2030.

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This report critically examines, for the first time, the capacity of Canada’s water sector with respect to meeting and helping other countries meet the water-related targets of the UN’s global sustainable development agenda. Several components of this capacity are examined, including water education and research, investment in water projects that Canada makes internally and externally, and experiences in water technology and governance. Analysis of the water education system suggests that there is a broad capability in institutions of higher learning in Canada to offer training in the diverse subject areas important in water. In most cases, however, this has not led to the establishment of specific water study programmes. Only a few universities provide integrated water education. There is a need for a comprehensive listing of water-related educational activities in universities and colleges — a useful resource for potential students and employers. A review of recent Canadian water research directions and highlights reveals strong and diverse water research capacity and placed the country among global leaders in this field. Canada appears to be within the top 10 countries in terms of water research productivity (publications) and research impact (citations). Research capacity has been traditionally strong in the restoration and protection of the lakes, prediction of changes in climate, water and cryosphere (areas where water is in solid forms such as ice and snow), prediction and management of floods and droughts. There is also a range of other strong water research directions. Canada is not among the top 10 global water aid donors in absolute dollar numbers; the forerunners are, as a rule, the countries with higher GDP per capita. Canadian investments in Africa water development were consistently higher over the years than investments in other regions of the global South. The contributions dropped significantly in recent years overall, also with a decline in aid flow to Africa. Given government support for the right business model and access to resources, there is significant capacity within the Canadian water sector to deliver water technology projects with effective sustainable outcomes for the developing world. The report recommends several potential avenues to elevate Canada’s role on the global water stage, i.e. innovative, diverse and specific approaches such as developing a national inventory of available water professional capacity, and ranking Universities on the strength of their water programmes coordinating national contributions to global sustainability processes around the largest ever university-led water research programme in the world – the 7-year Global Water Futures program targeting specific developmental or regional challenges through overseas development aid to achieve quick wins that may require only modest investments resolving such chronic internal water challenges as water supply and sanitation of First Nations, and illustrating how this can be achieved within a limited period with good will strengthening and expanding links with UN-Water and other UN organisations involved in global water policy work To improve water management at home, and to promote water Canadian competence abroad, the diverse efforts of the country’s water sector need better coordination. There is a significant role for government at all levels, but especially federally, in this process.

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Allik, Mirjam, Dandara Ramos, Marilyn Agranonik, Elzo Pereira Pinto Junior, Maria Yury Ichihara, Mauricio Barreto, Alastair Leyland, and Ruth Dundas. Developing a Small-Area Deprivation Measure for Brazil. University of Glasgow, May 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36399/gla.pubs.215898.

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This report describes the development of the BrazDep small-area deprivation measure for the whole of Brazil. The measure uses the 2010 Brazilian Population Census data and is calculated for the smallest possible geographical area level, the census sectors. It combines three variables – (1) percent of households with per capita income ≤ 1/2 minimum wage; (2) percent of people not literate, aged 7+; and (3) average of percent of people with inadequate access to sewage, water, garbage collection and no toilet and bath/shower – into a single measure. Similar measures have previously been developed at the census sector level for some states or municipalities, but the deprivation measure described in this report is the first one to be provided for census sectors for the whole of Brazil. BrazDep is a measure of relative deprivation, placing the census sectors on a scale of material well-being from the least to the most deprived. It is useful in comparing areas within Brazil in 2010, but cannot be used to make comparisons across countries or time. Categorical versions of the measure are also provided, placing census sectors into groups of similar levels of deprivation. Deprivation measures, such as the one developed here, have been developed for many countries and are popular tools in public health research for describing the social patterning of health outcomes and supporting the targeting and delivery of services to areas of higher need. The deprivation measure is exponentially distributed, with a large proportion of areas having a low deprivation score and a smaller number of areas experiencing very high deprivation. There is significant regional variation in deprivation; areas in the North and Northeast of Brazil have on average much higher deprivation compared to the South and Southeast. Deprivation levels in the Central-West region fall between those for the North and South. Differences are also great between urban and rural areas, with the former having lower levels of deprivation compared to the latter. The measure was validated by comparing it to other similar indices measuring health and social vulnerability at the census sector level in states and municipalities where it was possible, and at the municipal level for across the whole of Brazil. At the municipal level the deprivation measure was also compared to health outcomes. The different validation exercises showed that the developed measure produced expected results and could be considered validated. As the measure is an estimate of the “true” deprivation in Brazil, uncertainty exists about the exact level of deprivation for all of the areas. For the majority of census sectors the uncertainty is small enough that we can reliably place the area into a deprivation category. However, for some areas uncertainty is very high and the provided estimate is unreliable. These considerations should always be kept in mind when using the BrazDep measure in research or policy. The measure should be used as part of a toolkit, rather than a single basis for decision-making. The data together with documentation is available from the University of Glasgow http: //dx.doi.org/10.5525/gla.researchdata.980. The data and this report are distributed under Creative Commons Share-Alike license (CC BY-SA 4.0) and can be freely used by researchers, policy makers or members of public.

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