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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Wastewater"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021
Оновлено: 7 липня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Wastewater"

1

Gulyas, H., R. von Bismarck, and L. Hemmerling. "Treatment of industrial wastewaters with ozone/hydrogen peroxide." Water Science and Technology 32, no. 7 (October 1, 1995): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0217.

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Анотація:
Treatment with ozone and ozone/hydrogen peroxide was tested in a laboratory scale reactor for removal of organics from four different industrial wastewaters: wastewaters of a paper-mill and of a biotechnical pharmaceutical process as well as two process waters from soil remediation by supercritical water extraction. Moreover, an aqueous solution of triethyleneglycoldimethylether and humic acid which was a model for a biologically treated oil reclaiming wastewater was also oxidized. The aim of the oxidation of the pharmaceutical wastewater was the removal of the preservative 1.1.1-trichloro-2-methyl-2-propanol (TCMP). Although TCMP could easily be removed from pure aqueous solutions by treatment with ozone/hydrogen peroxide, the oxidation of the wastewater failed to be effective in TCMP degradation because of competitive ozonation of other organic solutes in the wastewater. The ozonation of the paper-mill wastewater and of the soil remediation process waters decreased COD and TOC to some extent. The presence of organic wastewater solutes which contain C-C double bonds (ligninsulfonic acid in the treated paper-mill effluent and humic acid in the oil reclaiming model wastewater) were shown to yield hydrogen peroxide by the reaction with ozone. Therefore, these wastewaters are efficiently ozonated even without addition of hydrogen peroxide. Chemical Oxidation of paper-mill wastewater and of wastewaters resulting from soil remediation did not improve biological degradability of organic wastewater constituents.
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2

Toczyłowska-Mamińska, Renata, and Mariusz Ł. Mamiński. "Wastewater as a Renewable Energy Source—Utilisation of Microbial Fuel Cell Technology." Energies 15, no. 19 (September 21, 2022): 6928. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15196928.

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Анотація:
An underappreciated source of renewable energy is wastewater, both municipal and industrial, with global production exceeding 900 km3 a year. Wastewater is currently perceived as a waste that needs to be treated via energy-consuming processes. However, in the current environmental nexus, traditional wastewater treatment uses 1700–5100 TWh of energy on a global scale. The application of modern and innovative treatment techniques, such as microbial fuel cells (MFC), would allow the conversion of wastewater’s chemical energy into electricity without external energy input. It has been demonstrated that the chemically bound energy in globally produced wastewater exceeds 2.5 × 104 TWh, which is sufficient to meet Europe’s annual energy demand. The aim of this paper is to answer the following questions. How much energy is bound in municipal and industrial wastewaters? How much of that energy can be extracted? What benefits will result from alternative techniques of waste treatment? The main finding of this report is that currently achieved energy recovery efficiencies with the use of microbial fuel cells technology can save about 20% of the chemical energy bound in wastewater, which is 5000 TWh on a global scale. The recovery of energy from wastewater via MFC technology can reach as much as 15% of global energy demands.
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3

Aasim, Muhammad Tayyab, Muhammad Shaheer Tariq, Muhammad Danish, Iqra Abbasi, Ali Raza, and Hammad Haider. "Durability Assessment of Recycled Aggregate Geopolymer Concrete Mixed with Wastewater." MATEC Web of Conferences 398 (2024): 01032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202439801032.

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The advancement of an environmentally friendly setting is complex due to the significant carbon footprint of cement, substantial construction and demolition waste, and large quantities of industrial waste wastewater. This study aims to increase building sustainability by analyzing the long-term durability of recycled aggregate geopolymer concrete (RGC) manufactured using four different wastewaters. To evaluate each wastewater’s effect on sulfuric acid resistance and chloride ion migration (CIM) at various curing times, RGC was used in place of fresh water in the tests. The results revealed that, when it came to acid attack, RGC made with fertilizer industry wastewater had the highest mass loss (41% higher compared to control concrete) and CIM (29% higher compared to control concrete). According to statistical studies, using wastewater from textile, fertilizer, and sugar firms did not substantially alter mass loss from acid attack or CIM.
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4

Utomo, Joseph Christian, Young Mo Kim, Hyun Uk Cho, and Jong Moon Park. "Evaluation of Scenedesmus rubescens for Lipid Production from Swine Wastewater Blended with Municipal Wastewater." Energies 13, no. 18 (September 18, 2020): 4895. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13184895.

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This study examined the feasibility of using non-sterilized swine wastewater for lipid production by an isolated microalga, Scenedesmus rubescens. Different dilution ratios using municipal wastewater as a diluent were tested to determine the suitable levels of microalgal growth in the wastewaters, its nutrient removal, and its lipid production. The highest lipid productivity (8.37 mg/L/d) and NH4+ removal (76.49%) were achieved in swine wastewater that had been diluted to 30 times using municipal wastewater. Various bacteria coexisted in the wastewaters during the cultivation of S. rubescens. These results suggest the practical feasibility of a system to produce lipids from swine wastewater by using microalgae.
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5

Verburg, Ilse, H. Pieter J. van Veelen, Karola Waar, John W. A. Rossen, Alex W. Friedrich, Lucia Hernández Leal, Silvia García-Cobos, and Heike Schmitt. "Effects of Clinical Wastewater on the Bacterial Community Structure from Sewage to the Environment." Microorganisms 9, no. 4 (March 31, 2021): 718. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9040718.

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Анотація:
This study pertains to measure differences in bacterial communities along the wastewater pathway, from sewage sources through the environment. Our main focus was on taxa which include pathogenic genera, and genera harboring antibiotic resistance (henceforth referred to as “target taxa”). Our objective was to measure the relative abundance of these taxa in clinical wastewaters compared to non-clinical wastewaters, and to investigate what changes can be detected along the wastewater pathway. The study entailed a monthly sampling campaign along a wastewater pathway, and taxa identification through 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Results indicated that clinical and non-clinical wastewaters differed in their overall bacterial composition, but that target taxa were not enriched in clinical wastewater. This suggests that treatment of clinical wastewater before release into the wastewater system would only remove a minor part of the potential total pathogen load in wastewater treatment plants. Additional findings were that the relative abundance of most target taxa was decreased after wastewater treatment, yet all investigated taxa were detected in 68% of the treated effluent samples—meaning that these bacteria are continuously released into the receiving surface water. Temporal variation was only observed for specific taxa in surface water, but not in wastewater samples.
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6

Cséfalvay, Edit, Péter Imre, and Péter Mizsey. "Applicability of nanofiltration and reverse osmosis for the treatment of wastewater of different origin." Open Chemistry 6, no. 2 (June 1, 2008): 277–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-008-0026-3.

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AbstractMembrane separations are finding greater use in wastewater treatment because of their efficiency. In order to prove the effectiveness of membrane filtration an applicability study is carried out. Nanofiltration and reverse osmosis membranes are tested under quite different conditions to reduce the chemical oxygen demands (COD) of wastewaters to meet the Council Directive 76/464/EEC release limit. Two kinds of real wastewaters were selected for the investigation. The wastewaters represent extreme different circumstances since the difference between their COD is two orders of magnitude. All of the membranes tested can be applied either to the treatment of wastewater of high COD (pharmaceutical wastewater) or wastewater of low COD (dumpsite leachate), since the different conditions do not change the membrane characteristics. The experimental data show that none of the membranes can decrease the COD to the release limit in one step. However, if two-stage filtrations (nanofiltration followed by reverse osmosis) are accomplished for both of the wastewaters, a total COD reduction of 94% can be achieved. With the application of the two-stage filtration the COD of the wastewater of low COD can be decreased below the release limit but in case of wastewater of the high COD further treatment will be required.
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7

Shi, X. L., X. B. Hu, Z. Wang, L. L. Ding, and H. Q. Ren. "Effect of reflux ratio on COD and nitrogen removals from coke plant wastewaters." Water Science and Technology 61, no. 12 (June 1, 2010): 3017–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.266.

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Анотація:
A laboratory-scale anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic-moving bed biofilm reactor (A1-A2-O-MBBR) system was undertaken to treat coke plant wastewaters from two different factories (wastewater A and B). Wastewater B had higher BOD5/COD ratio and COD/TN ratio than wastewater A. The effects of reflux ratios on COD, TN and NH3-N removals were studied. Results indicated that, with the reflux ratio increased from 2 to 5, COD removals of wastewater A and wastewater B increased from 57.4% to 72.6% and 78.2% to 88.6%, respectively. Meanwhile, TN removals were also increased accompanying reflux ratio rise, from 53.1% to 74.4% for wastewater A and 64.2% to 83.5% for wastewater B. At the same reflux ratio, compared with wastewater A, higher COD and TN removal efficiencies were observed in wastewater B, which had higher BOD5/COD and COD/TN ratio. Reflux ratio had no significant influence on NH3-N removal; 99.0% of the overall NH3-N removal efficiency was achieved by the system for both coke plant wastewaters at any tested reflux ratio. MBBR was effective in NH3-N removal, and about 95% of the NH3-N was removed in the MBBR.
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8

Alalam, Sabine, Farah Ben-Souilah, Marie-Hélène Lessard, Julien Chamberland, Véronique Perreault, Yves Pouliot, Steve Labrie, and Alain Doyen. "Characterization of Chemical and Bacterial Compositions of Dairy Wastewaters." Dairy 2, no. 2 (April 1, 2021): 179–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/dairy2020016.

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Анотація:
The dairy industry produces large amounts of wastewater, including white and cleaning wastewater originating principally from rinsing and cleaning-in-place procedures. Their valorization into process water and non-fat milk solids, in the case of white wastewater, or the renewal of cleaning solutions could be achieved using pressure-driven membrane processes. However, it is crucial to determine the intrinsic characteristics of wastewaters, such as proximate composition and bacterial composition, to optimize their potential for valorization. Consequently, white and cleaning wastewaters were sampled from industrial-scale pasteurizers located in two different Canadian dairy processing plants. Bacterial profiles of dairy wastewaters were compared to those of tap waters, pasteurized skim milk and unused cleaning solutions. The results showed that the physicochemical characteristics as well as non-fat milk solids contents differed drastically between the two dairy plants due to different processing conditions. A molecular approach combining quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and metabarcoding was used to characterize the bacteria present in these solutions. The cleaning solutions did not contain sufficient genomic DNA for sequencing. In white wastewater, the bacterial contamination differed depending on the dairy plant (6.91 and 7.21 log10 16S gene copies/mL). Psychrotrophic Psychrobacter genus (50%) dominated white wastewater from plant A, whereas thermophilic Anoxybacillus genus (56%) was predominant in plant B wastewater. The use of cold or warm temperatures during the pasteurizer rinsing step in each dairy plant might explain this difference. The detailed characterization of dairy wastewaters described in this study is important for the dairy sector to clearly identify the challenges in implementing strategies for wastewater valorization.
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9

Mahendraker, V., and T. Viraraghavan. "Respirometric Evaluation of Comparative Biodegradability of Municipal and Petroleum Refinery Wastewaters." Water Quality Research Journal 31, no. 2 (May 1, 1996): 283–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.1996.017.

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Abstract This study was undertaken to evaluate and compare aerobic biodegradation of petroleum refinery (before API separator) and municipal wastewaters using an automatic laboratory respirometer. Seed activated sludge was acclimated with a small quantity of wastewater under study, in fill and draw type reactors. Relatively high initial substrate to seed biomass ratios of 20 and 15 were used to encourage growth conditions. Each wastewater sample was diluted to five concentrations, and oxygen uptake was recorded till the beginning of the endogenous phase. Oxygen uptake data were analyzed using Monod and Haldane kinetics. Results showed that the refinery wastewater was inhibitory and kinetic data followed only the Haldane equation. However, the municipal wastewater followed Monod kinetics, except when a higher substrate concentration was used. A comparison of the kinetics led to an assessment of relative biodegradability of the wastewaters, which will be useful in understanding the impact of refinery wastewater discharge to municipal wastewater treatment systems.
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10

Matsui, S., Y. Okawa, and R. Ota. "Experience of 16 Years' Operation and Maintenance of the Fukashiba Industrial Wastewater Treatment Plant of the Kashima Petrochemical Complex – II. Biodegradability of 37 Organic Substances and 28 Process Wastewaters." Water Science and Technology 20, no. 10 (October 1, 1988): 201–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1988.0138.

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Анотація:
Twenty-eight process wastewaters and thirty-seven organic substances identified in the wastewater of the Kashima petrochemical complex were subjected to biodegradability tests. The tests consisted of the activated sludge degradability method and a supplementary test using the respiration meter method. Both tests utilized the activated sludge of the Fukashiba industrial wastewater treatment plant, which was acclimatized to the wastewater and organic substances. The 28 process wastewaters were classified into biodegradable, less biodegradable, and non-biodegradable according to the percentage TOC removal and the BOD5/TOC ratio of the wastewater. The 37 organic substances were also classified into biodegradable, less biodegradable and non-biodegradable according to TOC and CODMn removal. In general, chlorinated compounds, nitro-aromatics and polymerized compounds were difficult to biodegrade. From the biodegradability tests of the factory wastewaters, it was found that the refractory CODMn loads of these factories contributed to the load remaining in the effluent of the wastewater treatment plant. Various improvements were made to reduce the discharge of refractory substances from the factories.
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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Wastewater"

1

Atayol, Ahmet Avni Sofuoğlu Aysun. "Anaerobic co-treatability of olive mill wastewaters and domestic wastewater/." [s.l.]: [s.n.], 2003. http://library.iyte.edu.tr/tezler/master/cevremuh/T000239.pdf.

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2

Wang, Y. "Wastewater minimisation and the design of wastewater treatment systems." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.488391.

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3

Pan, Xiaodi. "Radioisotopes in Domestic Wastewater and Their Fate in Wastewater Treatment." Digital WPI, 2016. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/1247.

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"Modern medical therapies involving radioisotopes provide radionuclide contamination in wastewater. These radioisotopes present in wastewater increase the possibility of human exposure to radiation. The objective of this work was to study the fate of radionuclides of medical sources in wastewater, and to determine the distribution of various radionuclides in different stages of wastewater treatment. Influent, return activated sludge and effluent samples were collected from four wastewater facilities in Massachusetts. Samples were collected approximately twice a month over 4 months. The radionuclides and their decay products were tested by inductively coupled plasma with mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and broad energy germanium detector analysis (BEGe). The samples were analyzed to determine the content and radioactivity of each target radionuclide and decay product for three treatment stages (influent, return activated sludge and effluent) from each facility at different sampling times. The results indicated that I-131 is the only radionuclide in wastewater, however many decay products were identified. Recommendations are put forward according to the testing results."
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4

Fain, Norm. "Wastewater - A Resource." Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/296459.

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From the Proceedings of the 1991 Meetings of the Arizona Section - American Water Resources Association and the Hydrology Section - Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science - April 20, 1991, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona
As the Southwest United States grows and develops, one basic resource becomes a primary necessity for survival: Water. Currently, accepted sources are being consumed at a higher rate than nature replenishes them. This is necessitating the need to find and develop new water resources. In conjunction with the proper treatment and management, wastewater is a water resource, known as reuse. Properly managed, reused water can augment the available water supply. Primary applications include irrigation of agricultural and landscaped areas, surface water recreational areas, and groundwater recharge. These uses relieve the demands on the generally accepted water resources, thus increasing the net water supply. The required level of treatment varies with the intended reuse application. Treatment levels for reuse range from secondary to tertiary treatment systems. Some reuse applications provide additional treatment to the water. The reuser must assure that the treatment system and reuse application provide an equal or improved water quality to that of the receiving body of water. Regardless of the application, stringent operation and maintenance of the reuse system is essential. A well planned management program will minimize hazards associated with reuse of wastewater. This program is required to keep the liabilities of both the treatment plant and reuse site owners to a minimum. Without this, reuse is not a viable option. The underlying questions remain to determine the feasibility of reuse for a community: Does the water supply require augmentation to meet the demands of the future? Is the Owner willing to address and implement a diligent system management program?
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5

Palmquist, Helena. "Hazardous substances in wastewater systems : a delicate issue for wastewater management." Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-17510.

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Анотація:
Many substances derived from human activity end up in wastewater systems at some point. A large number of different substances - up to 30,000 - are present in wastewater. Some of them are valuable, such as nitrogen and phosphorus, but there are also hazardous substances such as heavy metals and anthropogenic organic substances. To be able to utilise the wastewater nutrients on arable land (agriculture, forestry or other alternatives), it is of great importance to investigate the sources of hazardous substances in wastewater and the human activities and attitudes that brings these different substances into the wastewater systems. For management of wastewater residues it is therefore important to be able to assess both the benefits and the risks from such products. Residues from wastewater are complex mixtures of substances, which demand a multi-sided approach for solving the problem as a whole.
Godkänd; 2001; 20070225 (ysko)
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6

Heimel, Daniel Eric. "Anaerobic Co-digestion of Wastewater Treatment Pond Algae with Wastewater Sludge." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2010. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/440.

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Microalgae harvested from wastewater treatment ponds can be anaerobically digested to produce biogas, a renewable fuel resource. However, past experiments have shown some limitations of algae digestion. Algal cell walls are thought to be resistant to digestion, and the high protein content of algae can lead to ammonia toxicity in digesters. Co-digestion of algae with substrates containing higher C:N ratios (e.g., waste paper) can be used to maintain non-inhibitory ammonia concentrations and increase methane production. However, high carbon waste co-substrates have become costly or are not readily available in many communities. Although domestic wastewater sludge has only a marginally higher C:N ratio than algae biomass, sludge is a practical co-substrate for treatment pond facilities using primary sedimentation. The present laboratory research evaluated the use of wastewater sludge as a co-substrate with treatment pond algae that were harvested by coagulation and dissolved air flotation. The research was meant to assist in the planning for full-scale algae digestion at a large pond facility in California. The independent variables evaluated were algae/sludge ratio in the digester feed (100% to 0%), organic loading rate (OLR; 2 or 4 g volatile solids/L-d), and hydraulic residence time (HRT; 20 or 40 d), while the main dependent variables were methane yield, volumetric methane production, and the dewaterability of the digester effluents. Co-digestion of algae with sludge was stable, with healthy pH, at all algae/sludge ratios with OLRs up to 4 g volatile solids loaded per liter digester per day (g VS/L-d) at a 20-d HRT. For digesters fed algae biomass exclusively, at a 2 g VS/L-d OLR and a 20-d HRT, the methane yield was 0.26 L/g VS-d and methane productivity was 0.52 g VS/L digester-d. A control digester fed sludge exclusively, with the same loading rate, produced more methane: the yield was 0.44 L/g VS-d and production was 0.87 L/L-d. No significant synergistic benefit in algae methane yield was observed due to co-digestion with wastewater sludge. The effluent from digesters fed only algae dewatered as effectively or better than digesters fed only wastewater sludge. However, freezing of the algae biomass prior to digestion could have affected the results. An engineering model was developed to estimate heating requirements and net electricity production for full-scale algae digesters. For two example climates (Mediterranean and continental desert), the model predicted that despite the lower methane production of algae digestion, heat recovered from cogeneration and electricity generation would be more than sufficient to fulfill the inputs required for algae digestion. For facultative pond wastewater treatment facilities with existing collection and digestion of primary sludge, addition of the algae produced to the digesters is expected to increase electricity production by 120%.
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7

Burgess, Joanna E. "Micronutrients for wastewater treatment." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323932.

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8

Malandra, Lida 1975. "Biodegradation of winery wastewater." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/16385.

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Thesis (MSc)--University of Stellenbosch, 2003.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Large volumes of wastewater are generated annually during the grape harvest season from various processing and cleaning operations at wineries, distilleries and other wine-related industries. South African regulatory bodies dictate that wastewater should have a pH of 5.5 to 7.5 and a chemical oxygen demand (COD) lower than 75 mg/L. However, winery wastewater has a typical pH of 4 to 5 and a COD varying between 2 000 and 12 000 mg/L. Urban wineries channel the wastewater to local sewage treatment facilities and are often heavily fined for exceeding governmental requirements. Rural wineries usually have little or no treatment operations for their wastewater and it is often irrigated onto crops, which may result in environmental pollution and contamination of underground water resources. Various criteria are important in choosing a wastewater treatment system, such as an ecofriendly process that is flexible to withstand various concentration loads and characteristics, requiring low capital and operating costs, minimal personal attention and do not require too much land. In this study, a large variation in COD, pH and chemical composition of the winery wastewater was observed that could be related to varying factors such as the harvest load, operational procedures and grape variety. Wastewater from destemming and pressing operations contained higher concentrations of glucose, fructose and malic acid, which originated from the grape berries. The fermentable sugars (glucose and fructose) contributed to almost half of the COD with a smaller contribution from ethanol and acetic acid. The low pH can be ascribed to relative high concentrations of organic acids in the wastewater. The efficacy of biological treatment systems depends strongly on the ability of microorganisms to form biofilm communities that are able to degrade the organic compounds in the wastewater. Preliminary identification of microorganisms that naturally occur in winery wastewater indicated the presence of various bacterial and yeast species that could be effective in the biological treatment of the wastewater. When evaluated as pure cultures under aerobic conditions, some of the yeast isolates effectively reduced the COD of a synthetic wastewater, whereas the bacterial isolates were ineffective. The most effective yeast isolates were identified as Pichia rhodanensis, Kloeckera apiculata, Candida krusei and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Our search for cost-effective biological treatment systems led to the evaluation of a Rotating Biological Contactor (RBC) for the treatment of winery wastewater. The RBC was evaluated on a laboratory scale with 10% (v/v) diluted grape juice and inoculated with a mixed microbial community isolated from winery wastewater. The results showed a reduction in the COD that improved with an extended retention time. Evaluation of the RBC on-site at a local winery during the harvest season resulted on average in a 41% decrease in COD and an increase of 0,75 pH units. RFLP analysis of the biofilm communities within the RBC confirmed a population shift in both the bacterial and fungal species during the evaluation period. The most dominant yeast isolates were identified with 18S rDNA sequencing as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida intermedia, Hanseniaspora uvarum and Pichia membranifaciens. All these species are naturally associated with grapes and/or water and with the exception of Hanseniaspora uvarum, they are able to form either simple or elaborate pseudohyphae.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Groot hoeveelhede afloopwater word jaarliks gedurende die druiwe-oestyd deur verskeie prosessering- en skoonmaakoperasies deur wynkelders, distilleer- en ander wynverwante industrieë gegenereer. Suid-Afrikaanse beheerliggame vereis dat afloopwater ‘n pH van 5.5 tot 7.5 en ‘n chemiese suurstofbehoefte (COD) van minder as 75 mg/l moet hê. Kelderafloopwater het egter gewoonlik ‘n pH van 4 tot 5 en ‘n COD van 2 000 tot 12 000 mg/L. Stedelike wynkelders voer die afloopwater na ń plaaslike rioolsuiweringsaanleg wat dikwels tot swaar boetes vir oortreding van die wetlike vereistes lei. Plattelandse wynkelders het gewoonlik min of geen behandelingsprosesse vir hul afloopwater nie en gebruik die water dikwels vir gewasbesproeiing, wat tot omgewingsbesoedeling en kontaminasie van ondergrondse waterbronne kan lei. Verskeie kriteria is belangrik in die keuse van ‘n waterbehandelingstelsel, byvoorbeeld ‘n omgewingsvriendelike proses wat verskillende konsentrasieladings en samestellings kan hanteer, ‘n lae kapitaal- en bedryfskoste en minimale persoonlike aandag vereis en min ruimte benodig. Hierdie studie het getoon dat kelderafloopwater ‘n groot variasie in COD, pH en chemiese samestelling het wat met wisselende faktore soos die oeslading, operasionele prosesse en selfs die druifkultivar verband kan hou. Afloopwater van ontstingeling- en parsoperasies het hoër konsentrasies glukose, fruktose en appelsuur wat van die druiwekorrels afkomstig is. Die fermenteerbare suikers (glukose en fruktose) dra tot amper 50% van die COD by, met ‘n kleiner bydrae deur etanol en asynsuur. Die lae pH kan grootliks aan organiese sure in die afloopwater toegeskryf word. Die effektiwiteit van biologiese behandelingstelsels steun sterk op die vermoë van mikroorganismes om biofilmgemeenskappe te vorm wat die organiese verbindings in die afloopwater kan afbreek. Voorlopige identifikasie van mikro-organismes wat natuurlik in wynafloopwater voorkom, het die teenwoordigheid van verskeie bakteriese en gisspesies aangedui. Evaluering van hierdie isolate onder aërobiese toestande het getoon dat sommige van die gis-isolate die COD van ‘n sintetiese afloopwater effektief kon verlaag, terwyl die bakteriese isolate oneffektief was. Die mees effektiewe gis-isolate is as Pichia rhodanensis, Kloeckera apiculata, Candida krusei en Saccharomyces cerevisiae geïdentifiseer. Ons soektog na ‘n koste-effektiewe biologiese behandelingsisteem het tot die evaluering van ‘n ‘Rotating Biological Contactor’ (RBC) vir die behandeling van afloopwater gelei. Die RBC is op laboratoriumskaal met 10% (v/v) verdunde druiwesap geëvalueer en met ‘n gemengde mikrobiese gemeenskap wat uit afloopwater geïsoleer is, innokuleer. Die resultate het ‘n verlaging in die COD getoon wat met ‘n langer retensietyd verbeter het. Evaluering van die RBC by ‘n plaaslike wynkelder gedurende die oesseisoen het gemiddeld ‘n verlaging van 41% in die COD en ‘n verhoging van 0,75 pH eenhede getoon. RPLP analise van die biofilmgemeenskappe in die RBC het ‘n bevolkingsverskuiwing in beide die bakteriese en swamspesies aangetoon. Die mees dominante gisspesies is met 18S rDNA volgordebepaling as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida intermedia, Hanseniaspora uvarum en Pichia membranifaciens geïdentifiseer. Al hierdie spesies word gewoonlik met druiwe en/of water geassosieer en is, met die uitsondering van Hanseniaspora uvarum, in staat om òf eenvoudige òf komplekse pseudohife te vorm.
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Veijola, T. (Tommi). "Domestic wastewater heat recovery." Bachelor's thesis, University of Oulu, 2017. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201704271600.

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The aim of this thesis is to study and explain the purpose and the function of drain water heat exchangers. The thesis goes over theory behind heat transfer and heat exchangers and presents the general solutions of domestic drain water heat recovery systems. Systems gone over in detail are the different general shower drain water heat recovery systems. Another part of the thesis is a case study of an actual shower drain water heat recovery system of a Finnish household. The purpose of the case study is to study the actual temperature increase of cold water in a drain water heat recovery unit and efficiency of such heat exchanger. An alternate goal is to study the difference in efficiency values and temperature gains between two heat exchangers of the same model, where the other has been used significantly more than the other. In other words, another target is to study the fouling effect. The calculations are done using real measurement data. The most important findings are that utilizing a shower drain heat recovery unit provides real energy savings in the long run, and that there is a significant difference of efficiency between a dirty and a clean heat exchanger. Drain water heat recovery systems provided as high as 15 °C increase in the temperature of cold water. A clean heat exchanger boasts an impressive 50.4% efficiency, whereas the dirtier heat exchanger provides a 36.1% efficiency. The results can be further used to calculate the energy savings of the household on a yearly basis. Furthermore, the results show that domestic drain water heat recovery could potentially make a significant difference in national energy usage if implemented nationwide.
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Abdel-Halim, Walid Sayed. "Anaerobic municipal wastewater treatment /." Hannover : Inst. für Siedlungswasserwirtschaft und Abfalltechnik, 2005. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=014189251&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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Книги з теми "Wastewater"

1

Agency, Ireland Environmental Protection. Wastewater treatment manuals: Characterisation of industrial wastewaters. Wexford: Environmental Protection Agency, 1998.

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Drechsel, Pay, Manzoor Qadir, and Dennis Wichelns, eds. Wastewater. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9545-6.

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Sally, Morgan. Wastewater. Norh Mankato, MN: Smart Apple Media, 2008.

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4

Wastewater bacteria. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2006.

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5

Bitton, Gabriel. Wastewater microbiology. 4th ed. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011.

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6

Shah, Maulin P. Wastewater Treatment. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003165057.

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Bitton, Gabriel. Wastewater microbiology. New York: Wiley-Liss, 1994.

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8

Gerardi, Michael H. Wastewater Bacteria. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0471979910.

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9

Gerardi, Michael H., and Mel C. Zimmerman. Wastewater Pathogens. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0471710431.

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Bitton, Gabriel. Wastewater Microbiology. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0471717967.

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Частини книг з теми "Wastewater"

1

Kim, In S., Byung Soo Oh, Seokmin Yoon, Hokyong Shon, Sangho Lee, and Seungkwan Hong. "Wastewater Wastewater Reclamation wastewater reclamation." In Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology, 11873–91. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0851-3_263.

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2

Vesley, Donald. "Wastewater." In Human Health and the Environment, 33–39. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-5434-6_4.

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3

Hossain, Md Faruque. "Wastewater." In Global Sustainability in Energy, Building, Infrastructure, Transportation, and Water Technology, 237–324. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62376-0_13.

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4

Burroughs, Richard. "Wastewater." In Coastal Governance, 30–42. Washington, DC: Island Press/Center for Resource Economics, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-016-3_3.

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5

Kumar Gupta, Ashok, Venkatesh Uddameri, Abhradeep Majumder, and Shripad K. Nimbhorkar. "Wastewater." In Wastewater Engineering, 21–49. New York: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003364450-2.

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6

Islam, Md Didarul, Meem Muhtasim Mahdi, Md Arafat Hossain, and Md Minhazul Abedin. "Biological Wastewater Treatment Plants (BWWTPs) for Industrial Wastewaters." In Wastewater Treatment, 139–56. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003165057-12.

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7

Wichelns, Dennis, Pay Drechsel, and Manzoor Qadir. "Wastewater: Economic Asset in an Urbanizing World." In Wastewater, 3–14. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9545-6_1.

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8

Otoo, Miriam, Javier Mateo-Sagasta, and Ganesha Madurangi. "Economics of Water Reuse for Industrial, Environmental, Recreational and Potable Purposes." In Wastewater, 169–92. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9545-6_10.

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Rao, Krishna, Munir A. Hanjra, Pay Drechsel, and George Danso. "Business Models and Economic Approaches Supporting Water Reuse." In Wastewater, 195–216. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9545-6_11.

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10

Gebrezgabher, Solomie, Krishna Rao, Munir A. Hanjra, and Francesc Hernández-Sancho. "Business Models and Economic Approaches for Recovering Energy from Wastewater and Fecal Sludge." In Wastewater, 217–45. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9545-6_12.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Wastewater"

1

Ziganshina, E. E., S. S. Bulynina, and A. M. Ziganshin. "PRODUCTIVITY OF CHLORELLA DURING GROWTH IN DOMESTIC WASTEWATER." In X Международная конференция молодых ученых: биоинформатиков, биотехнологов, биофизиков, вирусологов и молекулярных биологов — 2023. Novosibirsk State University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/978-5-4437-1526-1-80.

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Uncovering the structure of bacterial communities in wastewater, which is an alternative growth medium for microalgae, is necessary to improve the quality of algal products. The results of the work indicate the sustainability of the growth of Chlorella sorokiniana in distinct non-sterile domestic wastewaters, both in terms of bioremediation and the production of valuable products.
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Wu, Yongming, Mi Deng, Lizhen Liu, Jianyong Wang, Jie Zhang, and Jinbao Wan. "Wastewater treatment processes for industrial organosilicon wastewater." In 2016 International Conference on Innovative Material Science and Technology (IMST 2016). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/imst-16.2016.9.

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3

Onaizi, Sagheer A. "Enzymatic Treatment of Phenolic Wastewater: Effects of Salinity and Biosurfactant Addition." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-21349-ms.

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Abstract Water contaminated with phenols is produced from several oil and gas related industries. Although there are a number of treatment methods, enzymatic wastewater treatment is more attractive due to its sustainability, environmental-friendliness, and mild nature. A key limitation of this process, however, is the enzymatic deactivation (whether complete or partial) during the treatment process. This limitation might be addressed to a certain extent through the addition of biosurfactants to the reaction medium. Thus, the key aim of this study is to utilize laccase (an oxidoreductase enzyme from Trametes versicolor) to remove bisphenol A (BPA) from wastewaters in the presence of rhamnolipid biosurfactant. Since most wastewaters contain inorganic salts, the efficacy of enzymatic treatment of high saline wastewaters has been evaluated. The beneficial effect of the biosurfactant addition during the enzymatic treatment of highly saline phenolic wastewater has been also assessed. Additionally, the effect of increasing the biocatalyst and the phenolic pollutant concentrations have been also probed. The results showed that the BPA degradation rate increases with increasing the enzyme concentration. The extent of BPA removal also increased with increasing the biocatalyst concentration, approaching almost a complete removal at an enzyme concentration of 400 ppm. The BPA degradation rate also increased almost linearly with increasing its initial concentration; however, its removal extent showed the opposite trend. The addition of as low as 1 ppm rhamnolipid biosurfactant to the reaction medium increased both the BPA degradation rate and the removal extent relative to the biosurfactant-free wastewater samples. The addition of the biosurfactant to the reaction medium boosted the BPA degradation rate and the removal extent by 1.1- to 1.23-fold. The highest BPA degradation rate and removal enhancement (about 23% higher than those in the absence of the biosurfactant) was obtained for BPA-rhamnolipid mass ratio of 50:1. The presence of salt severely reduced the BPA degradation rate and removal. The addition of 20 mM NaCl resulted in about 1.7-fold drop in the BPA degradation rate and removal. The drop in the BPA degradation rate and removal reached more than 3.6-fold at 500 mM NaCl. The addition of 1 ppm rhamnolipid partially compensated the negative effect of salinity, providing relatively higher BPA degradation rate and removal at all examined salinity levels. The findings reported herein reveal the positive effect of biosurfactant addition to the enzymatic reaction medium and the need for the salt removal prior to subjecting the saline wastewaters to enzymatic treatment.
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Vasiliu, Cornelia Cretiu, Dale Pierce, and Kelly Bertrand. "Challenging Wastewater Treatment." In International Conference on Health, Safety and Environment in Oil and Gas Exploration and Production. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/157615-ms.

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5

Schutze, M. "XML in wastewater." In Developments in Control in the Water Industry. IEE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic:20030258.

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6

Almeida, Antonio V. "Wastewater Rehabilitation in a NIMBY Environment: The Lake Arlington Wastewater Interceptor." In Pipeline Division Specialty Conference 2006. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40854(211)93.

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7

Dauknys, Regimantas, and Aušra Mažeikienė. "Research of Wastewater Tertiary Treatment." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.075.

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The tertiary wastewater treatment experiment was performed on the experimental stand which was installed in a wastewater treatment plant and which consisted of three filters of the diameter of 380 mm with a non-submerged media. Biologically treated wastewater was constantly supplied to these filters. Tertiary wastewater treatment process was aggravated due to low temperature of wastewater (6 °C) and high fluctuations of load according to individual pollutants – the difference between the minimum and maximum values ranged from 3 to 10 times. The productivity of removal of pollutants according to individual contamination rates reached 8 to 43%.
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Bilstad, T., E. Espedal, A. H. Haaland, and M. Madland. "Ultrafiltration of Oily Wastewater." In SPE Health, Safety and Environment in Oil and Gas Exploration and Production Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/27136-ms.

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9

Mustata, Dragos. "ADIPUR WASTEWATER TREATMENT OPTIMIZATION." In 17th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2017. Stef92 Technology, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2017/51/s20.006.

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Roper, Alexander M., and Shannon L. Isovitsch Parks. "Phosphorus Removal from Wastewater." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2019. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784482360.024.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Wastewater"

1

Torrey, David A. Hydropower from Wastewater. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1032379.

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Pedersen, Joel A., Moshe Shenker, Krishnapuram G. Karthikeyan, Benny Chefetz, Jorge Tarchitzky, and Curtis Hedman. Uptake of wastewater-derived micropollutants by plants irrigated with reclaimed wastewater. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7600011.bard.

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3

Hirzel, D. R. PFP Wastewater Sampling Facility. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/80949.

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4

Ogden, K. L. Bioremediation of wastewater containing RDX. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/369676.

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5

von Sperling, Marcos. Urban Wastewater Treatment in Brazil. Edited by Alejandra Perroni. Inter-American Development Bank, August 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0000397.

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6

Coppola, Edward N., and Jeffery Rine. Deployable Wastewater Treatment Technology Evaluation. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada416250.

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7

Holland, Robert C. Site Sustainability Plan- wastewater input. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1574247.

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8

Grow, Ann E., Michael S. Deal, Johanna L. Claycomb, and Laurie L. Wood. Navy Wastewater MOP-UP (trademark). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada419363.

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9

Lopez-Ruiz, Juan, Nickolas Riedel, Bhanupriya Boruah, Swanand Sadashiv Bhatwadekar, Lyndi Strange, and Shuyun Li. Low-temperature electrochemical wastewater oxidation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/2332860.

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10

Tang, CheeYee. Water and Wastewater Project Architecture:. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.tn.2283.ipd.

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