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Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022
Оновлено: 29 січня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Waste paper Australia Recycling"

1

Statton, Peter, and Michael Salu. "Analysis, Design and Construction of Complex Concrete Structures for the Water Treatment Industry." Key Engineering Materials 400-402 (October 2008): 581–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.400-402.581.

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The design and construction of concrete water treatment and storage structures in Australia has catered for the existing markets. The next generation of these structures needs a more sophisticated approach. Engineers who analyse and design water treatment plants, or water and liquid storage structures, as well as other complex reinforced and pre-stressed concrete structures, will find this paper of interest. Advanced water treatment plants and water factories for recycling domestic and industrial waste water have introduced new complexities into concrete tank design. Two recently constructed Australian water purifying plants provide examples of the theoretical and practical challenges of designing and constructing the large and complex process vessels required by modern plants to produce large volumes of high-quality water.
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2

Tamanna, Nafisa, and Rabin Tuladhar. "Sustainable Use of Recycled Glass Powder as Cement Replacement in Concrete." Open Waste Management Journal 13, no. 1 (March 20, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874347102013010001.

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Aims: This paper introduces a sustainable way of using Recycled Glass Powder (RGP) as a cement replacement in concrete. Background: In Australia, almost one million tons of glass waste is collected annually for recycling purpose. However, the inconsistency in chemical composition and the presence of impurities make glass recycling process difficult. Besides, the lack of local recycling plants coupled with high transportation costs makes the recycling process expensive. Objective: For the successful use of recycled glass in concrete for industrial applications, it is therefore, important to characterize the physical and chemical properties of recycled glass collected by the local councils. Furthermore, the effects of replacement levels of cement with recycled glass on the strength and durability properties of concrete need to be assessed as well. Methods: Mechanical strength and durability properties of concrete with 10%, 20% and 30% of RGP as a partial cement replacement were tested and compared with typical concrete and fly ash blend concrete. The relative strength test of mortar was conducted to assess the reactivity of glass powder with the cement. Results: RGP concrete showed an improvement in strength over time like fly ash. Using RGP significantly improved the resistance against chloride penetration with increasing glass powder content. Furthermore, RGP also met the relative strength requirement as per Australian Standard requirement to be considered as a supplementary cementitious material. Conclusion: This research showed that the use of RGP as cement replacement is feasible for replacement level up to 10%. The outcome of this research aims to contribute towards sustainable development by reducing the consumption of cement, as well as reduction of glass waste going into landfill.
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3

Forsythe, Perry, and Alireza Ahmadian Fard Fini. "Quantifying demolition fitout waste from Australian office buildings." Facilities 36, no. 11/12 (August 6, 2018): 600–617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/f-11-2017-0114.

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Purpose The short life cycle replacement of fitout in modern high-rise office buildings represents an under-researched waste problem. This paper aims to quantify the amount of demolition waste from office strip-out including attention to waste streams going to landfill, reuse and recycling. Design/methodology/approach Quantitative waste data (by weight) were measured from 23 office fitout projects situated in “A” grade office building stock from the Sydney CBD. Waste streams were measured separately for landfill, reuse and recycled materials. Descriptive and clustering statistics are presented and analysed. Findings From a total of 9,167 tonnes office fitouts demolished, 5,042 tonnes are going to landfill. The main contributor to landfill stream is the mixed waste generated in a fast-track demolition process. This approach partly resulted from the office interiors lacking regularity and easy disassembly. Moreover, considerable variability is observed in the waste per area, the waste streams and the waste compositions. Also, it is noteworthy that the recycled waste stream considerably increases when there exist economically viable conversion facilities, as for metals, hard fills and plasterboards. Research limitations/implications The research is focused upon work practices that take place in Australia; therefore, generalisability is limited to situations that have similar characteristics. Future studies are needed to verify and extend the findings of this research. Practical implications A key area arising from the research findings is the need to design fitout with recycling and reuse in mind to divert more from landfill. This must explore and incorporate onsite demolition processes to ensure the design is well suited to commercially dominant processes in the overall demolition process, as well as attention to developing economies of scale and viability in re-sale markets for reused items. Originality/value Little empirical or quantitative research exists in the area of office fitout waste. This research provides entry to this area via quantifiable data that enables comparison, benchmarking and diagnostic ability that can be used to underpin strategic solutions and measurement of improvements.
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4

Imteaz, Monzur Alam, Arul Arulrajah, and Farshid Maghool. "Environmental and geotechnical suitability of recycling waste materials from plasterboard manufacturing." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 38, no. 4 (October 30, 2019): 383–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x19881213.

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This paper presents the geotechnical and environmental suitability of recycling gypsum-based waste material produced from plasterboard manufacturing. Most of the current plasterboard manufacturing industries are dumping these wastes to landfills. Among the major impediments to recycling such waste are environmental concerns around using such recycled material, as well as proper and suitable places to use it. To investigate these, such a waste from an Australian plasterboard manufacturing company was collected and a series of geotechnical properties were tested to evaluate the materials’ suitability for any engineering construction. It was found that the tested gypsum-based plasterboard materials are suitable to use as road subgrade, pipe bedding and pipe backfill material. To ascertain the environmental safety of using such material in regards to manual handling as well as contaminants’ leaching into the surrounding environment, materials were thoroughly tested for more than a hundred different contaminants. Tests were conducted to evaluate both the contaminants’ concentrations in the sample as well as the leaching behaviour of those contaminants. It was found that concentrations of the tested contaminants were either below the individual detection limit or the safe limit defined by the local regulatory authority.
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5

Landells, Esther, Anjum Naweed, David H. Pearson, Gamithri G. Karunasena, and Samuel Oakden. "Out of Sight, Out of Mind: Using Post-Kerbside Organics Treatment Systems to Engage Australian Communities with Pro-Environmental Household Food Waste Behaviours." Sustainability 14, no. 14 (July 15, 2022): 8699. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14148699.

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Dealing with the wicked problem of global food waste and loss is a complex and challenging area. In Australia, increased political will has landed the diversion of domestic food waste from landfill squarely at the feet of local government (councils), often requiring significant change to kerbside collections systems. This paper discusses how post-kerbside household food waste treatment systems can encourage pro-environmental behaviours. To achieve this, current food waste literature is examined against kerbside domestic waste collection measurable outcomes (diversion rates, system uptake and contamination rates). The hypothesis is that specific interventions can establish, or rebuild, community trust, responsibility and pro-environmental behaviours around food waste avoidance and diversion. Two post-kerbside systems—commercial composting and anaerobic digestion—provided the framework. Two themes emerged from the study: (1) the benefits of connecting the community with the interactions of household food waste inputs with post-treatment outputs (compost, soil conditioners, digestates and biogases); and (2) providing engaged communities with pathways for sustainable, pro-environmental actions whilst normalizing correct kerbside food waste recycling for the less engaged (habitual behaviours, knowledge and cooperation). The paper contributes to understanding how councils can connect their communities with the issues of household food waste.
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Araujo, Francisco S. M., Isabella Taborda-Llano, Everton Barbosa Nunes, and Rafael M. Santos. "Recycling and Reuse of Mine Tailings: A Review of Advancements and Their Implications." Geosciences 12, no. 9 (August 27, 2022): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences12090319.

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Mining is an important industry, accounting for 6.9% of global GDP. However, global development promotes accelerated demand, resulting in the accumulation of hazardous waste in land, sea, and air environments. It reached 7 billion tonnes of mine tailings generated yearly worldwide, and 19 billion solid tailings will be accumulated by 2025. Adding to this, the legacy of environmental damage from abandoned mines is worrying; there are around 10,000 abandoned mines in Canada, 50,000 in Australia, and 6000 in South Africa, as well as 9500 coal mines in China, reaching 15,000 by 2050. In this scenario, restoration techniques from mining tailings have become increasingly discussed among scholars due to their potential to offer benefits towards reducing tailing levels, thereby reducing environmental pressure for the correct management and adding value to previously discarded waste. This review paper explores the available literature on the main techniques of mining tailing recycling and reuse and discusses leading technologies, including the benefits and limitations, as well as emerging prospects. The findings of this review serve as a supporting reference for decision makers concerning the related sustainability issues associated with mining, mineral processing, and solid waste management.
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7

Kachmar, N., O. Mazurak, A. Dydiv, and T. Bahday. "Experience of certain countries in electronic and electric waste management." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 21, no. 90 (April 26, 2019): 59–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet-a9010.

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The paper present result of research concerning the problems of handling electronic and electrical waste that households produce at home and analysed the main problems associated with this issue in Ukraine and in the world. The object of the study was telephones (ukrainians use 53.6 million mobile communication devices), refrigerators, washing machines and TVs. The production of electrical and electronic equipment is one of the fastest growing global manufacturing activities. This development has resulted in an increase of waste electric and electronic equipment which constitute a risk to the environment and sustainable economic growth. Recycling of electronic and electrical waste is very expensive. There is a problem with electronic and electrical waste in Ukraine. To accumulate in the soil or to burn these waste is harmful. Every year on our planet about 50 million tons of electronic waste are generated. It was established that 53% of the interviewed students changed 1 phone in the last three years, 24% – 2 phones and 7% – more than 3. Students wanted a new phone. Most of the phones are at home, and the rest were given to their relatives or thrown into the trash. Ukrainians replace refrigerators, TVs and washing machines less often. Most Ukrainians change refrigerators. The largest amount of electronic waste is produced in Australia, New Zealand and Oceania (17.3 kg per inhabitant), in Europe – 16.6 kg per inhabitant and 11.6 kg waste per inhabitant of North and South America. In Japan, Norway, the Netherlands, Germany, Sweden and Poland, the process of disposal of used home appliances is well organized. However, economically developed countries utilize only part of the waste in their territory, while the rest are exported to landfills in Pakistan, Vietnam, Nigeria. The world's largest dump of electronic and electrical waste is in Ghana. To address potential environmental problems that could stem from improper management of WEEE, many countries and organizations have drafted national legislation to improve the reuse, recycling and other forms of material recovery from WEEE to reduce the amount and types of materials disposed in landfills.
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Afrin, Habiba, Nazmul Huda, and Rouzbeh Abbasi. "Study on End-of-Life Tires (ELTs) Recycling Strategy and Applications." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1200, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1200/1/012009.

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Abstract Due to modernization and urbanization, the number of vehicles on the road has been increased. Around 3 billion tires have been sold, and an equivalent number of tires have been discarded each year. Even though the lifetime of the tires has been increased but according to the Australian Bureau of Statistics, the number of end-of-life tires is going to rise approximately 5 billion in a year. Its complex composition, make it the most tricky and difficult waste in the world to handle. Because it creates significant health and environmental problem by emitting harmful chemicals in the environment, working as a birthplace for pests, and prone to fire hazards. Recycling waste tires can add economical value also creating a sustainable way to dispose of them. This paper presents different recycling strategies and civil engineering applications of end-of-life tires. Reduction, reuse, recovery, and recycling have been applied. Application of waste tire as reinforcing layers in landfill, road pavement, drainage system, fuel source in the kiln, playground surface makes it an ideal material for affordable, medium-density, low-rise buildings that are highly valued worldwide. Moreover, the sound insulation and absorption with enhanced seismic resilience properties of the end-of-life tire can provide novel and effective engineering solutions.
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Venkatesan, Srikanth, Mahzabin Afroz, Satheeskumar Navaratnam, and Rebecca Gravina. "Circular-Economy-Based Approach to Utilizing Cardboard in Sustainable Building Construction." Buildings 13, no. 1 (January 10, 2023): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13010181.

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Circular-economy-based sustainability approaches in construction are gaining wide acceptance due to the volume of waste generation and increasing demand for natural materials. Propelled by the recent timber shortage in Australia and the issues of waste management of cardboard, this study aims to analyse the possibilities of using cardboard as a construction material, based on its initial strength and multiple recycling options. A systematic review of research papers published in the last 40 years has been undertaken using a single keyword search to select the database. The review is presented in terms of the characteristics of the cardboard, dimensional stability, durability, structural strength, design, and analysis of cardboard. Recurring themes are evaluated using a latent Dirichlet allocation approach to identify the factors that ascertain the suitability of cardboard. Analysis reveals that despite certain constraints, such as water absorption and fire resistance, cardboard can be used as a replacement for timber by overcoming such limitations. This observation has benefits for the construction industry and the recycling industry. This study found that cardboard adheres to the circular economy principles, which should inspire policymakers. The paper concludes by highlighting the current circumstances and scientific challenges that impede the usage of cardboard in construction and recommends potential works needed to address these challenges for the benefit of practitioners and researchers.
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Mazhandu, Zvanaka S., Edison Muzenda, Tirivaviri A. Mamvura, Mohamed Belaid, and Trust Nhubu. "Integrated and Consolidated Review of Plastic Waste Management and Bio-Based Biodegradable Plastics: Challenges and Opportunities." Sustainability 12, no. 20 (October 12, 2020): 8360. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12208360.

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Cumulative plastic production worldwide skyrocketed from about 2 million tonnes in 1950 to 8.3 billion tonnes in 2015, with 6.3 billion tonnes (76%) ending up as waste. Of that waste, 79% is either in landfills or the environment. The purpose of the review is to establish the current global status quo in the plastics industry and assess the sustainability of some bio-based biodegradable plastics. This integrative and consolidated review thus builds on previous studies that have focused either on one or a few of the aspects considered in this paper. Three broad items to strongly consider are: Biodegradable plastics and other alternatives are not always environmentally superior to fossil-based plastics; less investment has been made in plastic waste management than in plastics production; and there is no single solution to plastic waste management. Some strategies to push for include: increasing recycling rates, reclaiming plastic waste from the environment, and bans or using alternatives, which can lessen the negative impacts of fossil-based plastics. However, each one has its own challenges, and country-specific scientific evidence is necessary to justify any suggested solutions. In conclusion, governments from all countries and stakeholders should work to strengthen waste management infrastructure in low- and middle-income countries while extended producer responsibility (EPR) and deposit refund schemes (DPRs) are important add-ons to consider in plastic waste management, as they have been found to be effective in Australia, France, Germany, and Ecuador.
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Дисертації з теми "Waste paper Australia Recycling"

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Thomas, Christine. "Waste paper recycling : a community technology approach." Thesis, Open University, 1986. http://oro.open.ac.uk/57015/.

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This research project aims to explore the hypothesis that a Community Technology approach can be considered appropriate for reclamation and recycling activities, and to investigate the opportunities for reclaiming and recycling domestic wastes viably at a 'community' scale. A framework is first established to define a Community Technology approach, and then used to assess the compatibility of reclamation and recycling technologies to this approach. 'Community '-scale reclamation and recycling in Britain, together with some examples from the USA, is examined and the 'state of the art' for both areas of activity described. 'Community'-scale is interpreted as relating to groups of people of less than 10,000, defined as neighbourhoods (of between 100 and 1,000 people) and communities (of 1,000 to 10,000 people). Initial analysis identified only three recycling processes with potential as 'community'-scale activities; all concerned with waste paper recycling. One of these, a neighbourhood-scale technology, was chosen for a detailed feasibility study. The process involves recycling waste paper into sheets of drawing or printing paper suitable for use as 'art' paper, in particular as speciality printing paper, or as sugar paper in schools. The feasibility study was carried out using design and evaluation methods, to evaluate the technical and economic feasibility of the process and to investigate what role it might play in the community, in particular in relation to promoting greater community self-reliance. The results show that this technology would not be financially or economically viable as an independent enterprise but indicated additional non-quantified social benefits and hence a possible non-economic role in the community. Some possibilities of educational and job creation roles are explored.
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2

Zimmerman, Sara Phyllis. "An Analysis of Socioeconomic Effects on Scrap Paper Recycling Participation." PDXScholar, 1995. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/5058.

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Анотація:
The greatest appreciation is extended to all who contributed valuable time to assist with this project. In particular, Barry Messer, from the Recycling Education Project at Portland State University, who recommended study ideas and provided integral information; Bruce Walker, from the City of Portland, who granted many interviews and was always willing to answer questions; Steve Apotheker, from Resource Recycling, who invited me to use the office library and spent time discussing current recycling issues; Deborah Adams, from Metro, who furnished me with essential data; and Wess Brenner, from the Academic Computing Center, who contributed substantial time to help in the analysis of the data. Additionally, Mara Tableman, from the Mathematical Sciences Department and Dr. Robert Fountain, from the Statistics Consulting Laboratory provided considerable advise about statistical procedures. I also deeply thank my parents, Rob Allerman, Jennifer Wheelan, and other friends and family who supported me throughout the completion of this document. Joel Freedman particularly, provided continual encouragement, unending patience and sound counsel. From the Geography department, I extend my sincere gratitude to Carolyn Perry and my committee, Joseph Porascky, Thomas Harvey and most importantly, my advisor, Dr. Teresa Bulman.
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3

Collins, Gill. "Local government recycling : a South Australian perspective." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1989. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envc712.pdf.

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4

Ryder, Kathryn. "The development of paper-based materials from low-grade apparel waste." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-development-of-paperbased-materials-from-lowgrade-apparel-waste(9aef77c7-57ac-4cf1-8d4b-0d6952dd4f19).html.

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The recycling rate of post-consumer apparel waste is low. This is compounded by our limited understanding of the fibre recovered from apparel waste and a lack of development in novel applications. Motivated by the growing rate of accumulation in unwanted clothing, this study focused on a number of integrated research themes aimed at understanding the nature of reclaimed cotton fibre, its use in paper-based materials and its utilisation in apparel related applications. Initially, the investigation characterised reclaimed cotton fibres from two different recovery machines (pinned air-layer and cutting mill). The results showed that neither process was capable of producing adequate fibre quality for fine yarn manufacture. The fibres exhibited extensive surface damage, length shortening and an increase in length distribution. After the initial characterisation, studies were undertaken to investigate the use of paper technology to increase the possibility of using reclaimed fibre in apparel. Strength is an important property in apparel related applications, therefore, the strength of reclaimed cotton-based paper was enhanced. The effects of a 4% sodium hydroxide pre-treatment on the beating performance and resultant sheet properties of reclaimed fibre pulp were investigated. At low beating levels, the results showed a significant 35% and 39% increase in tensile strength and energy absorption, respectively. With the treatment it is, therefore, possible to obtain a strong paper with high bulk, which can be further utilised to improve surface softness. Optimum dry and wet strength enhancement of the resultant paper was obtained with the combined addition of 1% carboxymethyl cellulose and 2% polyamideamine-epichlorhydrin. The development of wet strength was vital in order to facilitate uniform twist insertion in subsequent paper yarn manufacture. This study was one of the first to test the viability of using reclaimed cotton fibre in the production of paper yarns suitable for apparel manufacture. The wet-strengthened reclaimed-fibre paper was slit into 3 mm width ribbons, dampened, then twisted into yarns. The resultant yarns (46–193 tex) were uniform but lacked sufficient strength for use in weaving and knitting processes. Analysis of a commercial paper yarn, OJO+ , suggested that strength could be improved if fibre orientation was increased in the machine direction. A further application, in the form of a jacket, was trialled. The focus here was to test sewability using a variety of seam and stitch formations to sew together denim-derived cotton paper. A simple design using lap seams with straight stitching was established as the most effective construction. The final jacket satisfied industry requirements on seam strength and efficiency, however, further investigation into improving comfort and wear-ability will be essential.
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5

Voigt, Paul George. "Bioethanol production from waste paper through fungal biotechnology." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013447.

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Bioethanol is likely to be a large contributor to the fuel sector of industry in the near future. Current research trends are geared towards utilizing food crops as substrate for bioethanol fermentation; however, this is the source of much controversy. Utilizing food crops for fuel purposes is anticipated to cause massive food shortages worldwide. Cellulose is the most abundant renewable resource on earth and is subject to a wide array of scientific study in order to utilize the glucose contained within it. Waste paper has a high degree of cellulose associated with it, which makes it an ideal target for cellulose biotechnology with the ultimate end goal of bioethanol production. This study focussed on producing the necessary enzymes to hydrolyse the cellulose found in waste paper and using the sugars produced to produce ethanol. The effects of various printing inks had on the production of sugars and the total envirorunental impact of the effluents produced during the production line were also examined. It was found that the fungus Trichoderma longibrachiatum DSM 769 grown in Mandel's medium with waste newspaper as the sole carbon source at 28 °C for 6 days produced extracellular cellulase enzymes with an activity of 0.203 ± 0.009 FPU.ml⁻¹, significantly higher activity as compared to other paper sources. This extracellular cellulase was used to hydrolyse waste newspaper and office paper, with office paper yielding the highest degree of sugar production with an end concentration of 5.80 ± 0.19 g/1 at 40 °C. Analysis by HPLC showed that although glucose was the major product at 4.35 ± 0.12 g/1, cellobiose was also produced in appreciable amounts (1.97 ± 0.71 g/1). The sugar solution was used as a substrate for Saccharomyces cerevisiae DSM 1333 and ethanol was produced at a level of 1.79 ± 0.26 g/1, the presence of which was confirmed by a 600 MHz NMR spectrum. It was found that cellobiose was not fermented by this strain of S. cerevisiae. Certain components of inks (the PAHs phenanthrene and naphthalene) were found to have a slight inhibitory effect (approximately 15% decrease) on the cellulase enzymes at very high concentrations (approximately 600 μg/1 in aqueous medium), while anthracene had no effect. Whole newsprint ink was shown not to sorb glucose. The environmental analysis of the effluents produced showed that in order for the effluents to be discharged into an aqueous ecosystem they would have to be diluted up to 200 times. They were also shown to have the potential to cause severe machinery damage if reused without proper treatment.
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Lane, Jonathan. "An investigation into the novel application of high power ultrasound on the deinking of mixed office waste paper." Thesis, Open University, 1998. http://oro.open.ac.uk/57872/.

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The current paper recycling processes are surveyed pointing out the major stages and the variety of chemical/mechanical treatments the fibres undergo. The reduction or replacement of chemical/mechanical treatments presents possible advantages in prolonging fibre life. The results from recycled office waste which has been treated with ultrasound show a change in the particle size distribution of toner particles - making these particles easier to remove using established flotation techniques. Particle size distributions were measured using image analysis on thin (20gsm) paper handsheets. To establish the affect of sonication on fibres, a variety of virgin fibres were obtained from UK Paper, Sittingbourne. Results from virgin fibres which have been treated using ultrasound indicate an absence of cutting compared to conventional techniques. Fibres were found to have the same average length (0.6mm) after ultrasound treatment as the control sample, refined fibres were reduced to approximately 0.3 mm in length. Freeness decreased in both virgin sonicated and refined sonicated samples. The decrease in freeness was accompanied by an increase in the strength properties of both categories of fibres. Experiments with a prepared office waste furnish showed that ultrasonic treatment could decrease the size distribution of fused toner particles. The control sample had an average size of 80.9 um, after 1 minute sonication this was decreased to 54.9) um, decreasing further to 46.8)um after 2 minutes sonication. After demonstrating that ultrasound could decrease the particle distribution of the prepared office waste a more realistic and variable furnish was used. The experiments were conducted at room temperature, 50°C and 75°C. These temperatures were chosen to study the behaviour of fused toners as it approaches and exceeds its glass transition point, essentially the melting point of an amorphous polymer. It was found that the toner is easier to remove as the glass transition temperature is approached. Ultrasound is effective in breaking up large toner particles and detaching particles smaller than 25 microns in diameter.
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7

Backlund, Per. "Återvinning av dryckeskartonger : En studie som syftar till att öka återvinningsgraden av Tetra Paks förpackningar i Indonesien." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-90672.

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People of the modern world consume more than they ever used to do. Because of the close correlation between consumption and the amount of waste, the waste volume is also expected to increase. The purpose of this study is to examine if some measures in the recycling process from Sweden could be implemented in Indonesia. In fact, Indonesia is one of the countries in which the waste management system is struggling. Tetra Pak, one of the world leading producer of food packaging, is studied in this report. Tetra Paks recycling rate of their beverage cartons is relatively low, 8.42 %, in Indonesia compared with their recycling rate in other countries. To answer the purpose, information was collected from scientific reports, by interviews carried out in both Sweden and Indonesia and by study visits in Indonesia. The results of the study shows that there are measures which could be made in the recycling process to increase the recycling rate in Indonesia. School projects and deposit systems could increase the collection rate and a drumscreen and a buffertank could make the recycling process more profitable for the papermills. There is also some alternative end products which could make the whole recycling process more public visible. One of the conclusions of this study is that the paper mills should adjust their drumscreens, this to increase the fibre yield which is crucial for the recycling value. Another conclusions is that Tetra Pak should consider to initiate a recycling business by their own, in order to reduce the burden on the environment.
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8

Chung, Shan Shan. "Commercial and retail waste recycling in the Adelaide Central Business District." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1991. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envc559.pdf.

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9

Lee, Patrick Seo Thin. "A feasibility study of a recycled paper scoop, a dosing device for synthetic powder laundry detergents /." Online version of thesis, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/11592.

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10

Ng, U.-hong Angela, and 吳如虹. "Paper balance for Hong Kong: consumption, waste generation, recovery and disposal." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31253842.

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Книги з теми "Waste paper Australia Recycling"

1

Condon, Judith. Recycling paper. New York: F. Watts, 1990.

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2

Paper. South Yarra, Vic: Macmillan Library, 2009.

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3

J, McKinney R. W., ed. Technology of paper recycling. London: Blackie Academic & Professional, 1995.

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4

Neil, Thomson, ed. Paper. London: Franklin Watts, 2009.

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5

Thomson, Neil, 1948 August 8-, ed. Paper. London: Franklin Watts, 2006.

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6

Recycling. London: H.M.S.O., 1994.

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7

Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Environment Committee. Recycling. London: HMSO, 1994.

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8

Jenkins, Bill. Recycling paper and things. Scottsdale, AZ (15233 N 62nd Place, Scottsdale): B. Jenkins, 1992.

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Walker, Kate. Paper. New York: Marshall Cavendish Benchmark, 2011.

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Paper. North Mankato, Minn: Smart Apple Media, 2004.

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Частини книг з теми "Waste paper Australia Recycling"

1

Christensen, Thomas H., and Anders Damgaard. "Recycling of Paper and Cardboard." In Solid Waste Technology & Management, 201–10. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470666883.ch15.

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McKinney, R. W. J. "Water and waste water treatment in recycling mills." In Technology of Paper Recycling, 204–43. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1328-1_7.

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van Beukering, Pieter J. H. "Recycling and trade of waste paper in India." In Recycling, International Trade and the Environment: An Empirical Analysis, 109–34. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9694-7_6.

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4

Souza, Alana G., Daniel B. Rocha, and Derval S. Rosa. "Cellulose Nanowhiskers Obtained from Waste Recycling of Paper Industry." In Advanced Structured Materials, 101–11. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50784-2_8.

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5

Hai, Le Van, Sunanda Roy, Ruth M. Muthoka, Jung Ho Park, Hyun-Chan Kim, and Jaehwan Kim. "Waste Paper: A Potential Source for Cellulose Nanofiber and Bio-nanocomposite Applications." In Re-Use and Recycling of Materials, 327–44. New York: River Publishers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003339304-21.

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Parry, Caitlyn, and Sean Guy. "Recycling Construction Waste Material with the Use of AR." In Proceedings of the 2020 DigitalFUTURES, 57–67. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4400-6_6.

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AbstractThis paper aims to present a methodology for reusing and recycling scrap timber from building sites using augmented reality and flexible digital models. The project we present describes a process that enables existing material to be reused and repurposed such that the designed model is updated by the digital inventory of digitised offcuts/waste elements.
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7

Subramanian, Dhanya Mecherivalappil, and Sneh Lata. "Microbial Reclamation of Pulp and Paper-Making Industry Wastewater: Electricity Generation, Value Added Co-Product Recovery and Waste Valorization." In Microbial Technologies for Wastewater Recycling and Management, 211–20. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003231738-15.

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8

Shahbazi, Sasha, Patricia van Loon, Martin Kurdve, and Mats Johansson. "Metal and Plastic Recycling Flows in a Circular Value Chain." In Towards a Sustainable Future - Life Cycle Management, 195–206. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77127-0_18.

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AbstractMaterial efficiency in manufacturing is an enabler of circular economy and captures value in industry through decreasing the amount of material used to produce one unit of output, generating less waste per output and improving waste segregation and management. However, material types and fractions play an important role in successfulness of recycling initiatives. This study investigates two main fractions in automotive industry, namely, metal and plastic. For both material flows, information availability and standards and regulations are pivotal to increase segregation, optimize the collection and obtain the highest possible circulation rates with high quality of recyclables. This paper presents and compares the current information flows and standards and regulations of metals and plastics in the automotive value chain.
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Maruthupandian, Surya, Napoleana Anna Chaliasou, and Antonios Kanellopoulos. "Recycling Mine Tailings for a Sustainable Future Built Environment." In Springer Proceedings in Energy, 163–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63916-7_21.

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AbstractThe future sustainable built environment focuses mainly on environmental conservation and technological innovation and development. However, with infrastructure development, the consumption of raw materials such as cement, gypsum, sand, and stones increases. Therefore, use of industrial waste as raw material in construction shall be proposed as a sustainable and environment friendly alternative. Also, the higher demand for mineral commodities have led to increased mining and hence increased mining waste. The mine tailings being the wastes from rocks and minerals processing, are generally rich in Si, Ca, Al, Mg, and Fe, and also have considerable amounts of heavy metals and metalloids such as Pb, As, Co, Cu, Zn, V, and Cr. When tailings contain sulphide minerals, it may also lead to acid mine drainage. This makes the effective and efficient recycling and reuse of mine waste a major environmental concern. However, the physical, mineralogical and chemical composition of the mine tailings renders it a suitable material for use in civil engineering applications. This paper discusses the use of mine tailings of different origins for different civil engineering applications such as bricks, ceramics, fine aggregates, coarse aggregate and cementitious binders. This approach has a potential to reduce the demand on existing natural resources to face the demands of the exponentially developing infrastructure.
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Barteková, Mária. "NEW TRENDS IN CIRCULAR ECONOMY IN SLOVAKIA." In Socio-economic Determinants of Sustainble Consumption and Production II, 90–96. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-8640-2021-10.

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Plastics are an important material in the economy but present a challenge for waste management, resource efficiency and the environment. Low rates of recycling and high rates of environmental leakage represent key sustainability challenges for plastics as well as product designers and producers. Aim of the research paper is to present the new trends in circular economy of the Slovak Republic. A range of policy instruments can be applied to improve the sustainability of plastics, including regulations, market-based instruments, information and voluntary tools.
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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Waste paper Australia Recycling"

1

Schwarz, Stephen C., and Leah K. Richter. "Brightstar Solid Waste and Energy Recycling Facility: An Innovative Waste to Energy Technology." In 10th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec10-1012.

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The Brightstar Environmental Solid Waste and Energy Recycling Facility (SWERF) is a municipal solid waste (MSW) to energy facility utilizing a gasification (pyrolysis) process. At this time, the only operational SWERF is in New South Wales, Australia. While pyrolysis of MSW is not in itself new, the Brightstar technology is believed to have reached a sufficient level of development, and to incorporate sufficient new features, to qualify as new and cutting edge. This paper presents findings from a trip to Australia to inspect the facility, as well as the results of a Request for Proposals process for a municipal client in Florida. Analysis includes process, environmental, and economic factors.
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2

Sood, T., and A. Gurmu. "Reusing and repurposing of glass waste: A literature review." In 10th World Construction Symposium. Building Economics and Management Research Unit (BEMRU), University of Moratuwa, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31705/wcs.2022.56.

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An increase in demolition activities has led to the generation of large amounts of glass waste. Due to its non-biodegradable nature, glass can stay in landfills for longer periods without decomposition; thus, it occupies a large volume of landfills. This study aimed to analyze the potential reuses and repurposing of glass waste in the construction industry. A systematic review of the literature was conducted, and secondary data were extracted. The data were analyzed qualitatively to achieve the objective of the study. The generation of glass waste in four different parts of the world, namely: Hong Kong, Australia, Europe and the USA has been studied to get an estimate for the increase in glass waste trends. The generation of glass waste saw a downfall from 2006 to 2010, was then steady from 2011 to 2016 and then slightly rose. A high volume of glass waste in landfills and its non-biodegradable nature has made it essential for the discovery of new methods of reuse and recycling of glass waste. Some of the potential reuse and repurposing options include Aggregate for Concrete, Filtration Media, Glass Fibres, Blast Abrasive, Roof Coating, Ceramic Based Products, Burnt Bricks, Low-Temperature Stoneware Tiles, Insulation, and Decorative Materials. The paper provides useful information to various stakeholders in the construction industry to understand how and where glass waste can be reused.
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3

Naeem, Usama J., and Safaa A. S. Almtori. "Recycling the waste of paper into usable board." In 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATERIALS ENGINEERING & SCIENCE (IConMEAS 2019). AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0000205.

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4

Pohrebennyk, Vitalii. "COMPARATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS OF WASTE PROCESSING METHODS IN PAPER RECYCLING." In 17th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2017. Stef92 Technology, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2017/51/s20.030.

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5

Barnes, Jan M. "Ash Recycling: Partnering for Progress." In 9th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec9-100.

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Abstract For several US communities municipal waste combustor (MWC) ash recycling has been a commercial reality for almost a decade with over 1 million tons processed and beneficially used to date. Yet, despite the successes to date a recent report by the Integrated Waste Services Association shows less than 5% of the 7.5 million tons of ash generated in the US is recycled and beneficially used [1]. The technological, scientific and myriad of commercial successes categorically demonstrate the feasibility of ash recycling. The next step is for communities, regulatory agencies, transportation departments, and customers to partner with businesses to recycle their ash stream in an economically and environmentally sound manner. An example of this “partnering for progress” is the focus of this paper. The ash recycling partnership described in this paper was presented the Pennsylvania Governor’s Award for Environmental Excellence in 1999. Proving that Partnering is a win-win situation for businesses, communities and the environment.
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6

Sfeir, Hala, and Sandy Gutner. "Integrated Recycling Strategy at Waste-to-Energy Facilities." In 18th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec18-3553.

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In this paper, we summarize Massachusetts’ new Class II Recycling Program regulations and present the preliminary results of Waste Characterization Studies being performed at three waste-to-energy (WTE) plants. We discuss how a Waste Characterization Study can help both the facility and the state to assess the success of existing recycling programs and develop strategies for future programs.
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Greeves, John T., and James Lieberman. "International Radioactive Material Recycling Challenges." In The 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2007-7326.

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The paper explores current examples of successful International radioactive recycling programs and also explores operational regulatory and political challenges that need to be considered for expanding international recycling world-wide. Most countries regulations are fully consistent with the International Atomic Agency (IAEA) Code of Practice on the International Transboundary Movement of Radioactive Material and the IAEA Code of Conduct on the Safety and Security of Radioactive Sources. IAEA member States reported on the status of their efforts to control transboundary movement of radioactive material recently during the Joint Convention on the Safety of Spent Fuel management and on the Safety of Radioactive Waste Management meeting in May 2006.
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Kiser, Jonathan V. L. "Recycling and Waste-to-Energy: On-Going Compatibility Success." In 11th North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec11-1685.

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This paper will discuss findings from the 2002 nationwide survey that was aimed at determining how well recycling and waste-to-energy are working together. It represents a ten-year update to the original research completed for the Integrated Waste Services Association in Washington. The 2002 survey confirmed not only that recycling and waste-to-energy are compatible, but also provided solid reasons why the two technologies perform better together than separately. This paper highlights these reasons and also features select compatibility case studies from communities around the United States.
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9

Skinn, Brian, Savidra Lucatero, Timothy Hall, Stephen Snyder, E. Jennings Taylor, and Maria Inman. "Electrochemical Machining Recycling for Metal Recovery and Waste Elimination." In ASME 2014 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the JSME 2014 International Conference on Materials and Processing and the 42nd North American Manufacturing Research Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2014-4048.

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This paper will discuss an integrated technology being developed by Faraday to recover and recycle metals from electrochemical machining (ECM) electrolytes. ECM is suited for low mass removal, high value-added manufacturing steps that cannot be easily performed using conventional machining, whether due to workpiece material properties, tooling limitations, or high surface integrity requirements. Sludge byproducts formed during conventional ECM processes are difficult and expensive to recycle, and discarding the sludge results in the loss of potentially valuable “waste” metal as well as entrained electrolyte. The FARADAYIC® Recycling ECM [(R) ECM] technology machines metals into the electrolyte to a concentration of 800–1500 ppm (mg L−1), and subsequently recovers those metals by electrowinning in solid/metallic form devoid of hydroxides/hydrated oxides, without intermediate electrolyte processing.
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Champagne, Edward P. "The eco/Tech Sludge Recycling System: Two Years of Experience." In 12th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec12-2228.

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The eco/Technologies Sludge Recycling System (eco/Tech SRS) was introduced at NAWTEC 10 and has now been operating commercially for two years at the Pioneer Valley Resource Recovery Facility (PVRRF), located in Agawam, Massachusetts. A second system will be installed at the Pittsfield Resource Recovery Facility (PRRF), located in Pittsfield, Massachusetts, in 2004 and EnergyAnswers is now marketing the system to other power plant owners. Presented in this paper is an overview of: • Operating and maintenance history at PVRRF; • Market conditions and challenges; • Air emissions results; • Design enhancements planned for PRRF. The data presented support the potential for waste-to-energy plants, and by extension all solid fuel power plants, to benefit from additional revenue streams while using a waste product to achieve air emissions reductions.
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Звіти організацій з теми "Waste paper Australia Recycling"

1

Reynolds, Anna, and Garry MacKenzie. Renaissance recycling: waste paper and the modern environmental crisis. Edited by Sarah Bennison and Laura Pels Ferra. St Andrews Network for Climate, Energy, Environment and Sustainability (STACEES), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15664/10023.24209.

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2

Venditti, R. A., and M. K. Ramasubramanian. Mechatronic Design and Control of a Waste Paper Sorting System for Efficient Recycling. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/919471.

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3

Busby, Ryan, H. Torbert, and Stephen Prior. Soil and vegetation responses to amendment with pulverized classified paper waste. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/44202.

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The United States Army produces a significant amount of classified paper waste that is pulverized to a fine consistency unsuitable for recycling. However, cheap, high quality organic materials such as classified paper waste are useful as soil amendments. The objective of this research was to evaluate the utilization of pulverized classified paper waste as a soil amendment to improve soil health and increase establishment of desirable native grasses on degraded Army training lands. Paper was applied at rates of 9 to 72 Mg ha⁻¹ to two soil types at Fort Polk, LA: an alfisol (very fine sandy loam - Fine, smectitic, thermic Chromic Vertic Hapludalfs) and an ultisol (loamy fine sandy - Loamy, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Arenic Paleudults). These are common soil orders found on military training lands nationwide and represent fertile (alfisol) and unfertile (ulitsol) soils. Vegetation and soils were monitored over 2 growing seasons. No increase in heavy metals were observed in soils. Extensive analysis showed very low levels of regulated contaminants in the paper, but most were below detection limits. The ultisol site showed improved soil physical and chemical properties, while desirable vegetation benefitted from nutrient immobilization at the alfisol site. Based on the results of this study, applying pulverized paper waste to soil at a rate of 35.9 Mg ha⁻¹ is recommended. Application of paper waste to soils had no adverse environmental effects, improved soil physiochemical properties, and facilitated establishment of desirable native vegetation.
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4

Melanie, Haupt, and Hellweg Stefanie. Synthesis of the NRP 70 joint project “Waste management to support the energy turnaround (wastEturn)”. Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), January 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46446/publication_nrp70_nrp71.2020.2.en.

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A great deal of energy can be sourced both directly and indirectly from waste. For example, municipal waste with an energy content of around 60 petajoules is incinerated in Switzerland every year. The energy recovered directly from this waste covers around 4 % of the Swiss energy demand. However, the greatest potential offered by waste management lies in the recovery of secondary raw materials during the recycling process, thus indirectly avoiding the energy-intensive production of primary raw materials. In order to optimise the contribution to the energy turnaround made by waste management, as a first step, improvements need to be made with respect to the transparent documentation of material and cash flows, in particular. On the basis of this, prioritisation according to the energy efficiency of various recycling and disposal channels is required. Paper and cardboard as well as plastic have been identified as the waste fractions with the greatest potential for improvement. In the case of paper and cardboard, the large quantities involved result in considerable impact. With the exception of PET drinks bottles, plastic waste is often not separately collected and therefore offers substantial improvement potential. Significant optimisation potential has also been identified with regard to the energy efficiency of incineration plants. To allow municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) plants to use the heat they generate more effectively, however, consumers of the recovered steam and heat need to be located close by. A decisive success factor when transitioning towards an energy-efficient waste management system will be the cooperation between the many stakeholders of the federally organised sector. On the one hand, the sector needs to be increasingly organised along the value chains. On the other hand, however, there is also a need to utilise the freedom that comes with federal diversity in order to test different solutions.
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5

Aked, Jody. Supply Chains, the Informal Economy, and the Worst Forms of Child Labour. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/clarissa.2021.006.

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As a cohort of people, ‘children in work’ have become critical to the everyday functioning of diverse supply chain systems. This Working Paper considers diverse commodity chains (leather, waste, recycling and sex) to explore the business realities that generate child labour in its worst forms. A review of the literature finds that occurrence of the worst forms of child labour (WFCL) in supply chain systems is contingent on the organising logics and strategies adopted by actors in both the formal and informal economies. Piecing together the available evidence, the paper hypothesises that a supply chain system is sensitive to the use of WFCL when downward pressure to take on business risk cannot be matched by the economic resilience to absorb that risk. Emergencies and persistent stressors may increase risk and reduce resilience, shifting norms and behaviour. There is a need for further work to learn from business owners and workers in the informal economy.
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