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Hasan, Rana, and Karl Robert L. Jandoc. "Workers’ Earnings in the Philippines: Comparing Self-Employment with Wage Employment." Asian Development Review 27, no. 01 (June 2010): 43–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0116110510000023.
Analysis of labor force survey (LFS) data since the early 1990s reveals several important changes in the structure of the Philippine labor force. One is the movement from self-employment to wage employment across a wide range of production sectors. To evaluate this change in terms of workers’ earnings, we combine information on household incomes from the Family Income and Expenditure Survey with information on household members’ employment-related activities from the LFS. We also examine broad structural trends for employment, wages, and earnings. The findings indicate high variance in the earnings of the self-employed and their earnings and educational profiles resemble those of casual wage employees. Both are surpassed by those of permanent wage employees even when observable worker characteristics are controlled for. As self-employment gives way to wage employment, especially casual wage employment in the services sector, the key policy challenge is tackling the slow growth of wages and earnings.
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Fu, Duanxiang, Qing Zhang, and Mengjie Zhang. "Statistical Analysis of the Influence of Sino-U.S. Minimum Wages on Employment." Mobile Information Systems 2022 (May 31, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6573614.
From 2004 to 2015, the minimum wage’s employment effect varied according to the minimum wage level, FDI, per capita gross domestic product, and labor production in 31 Chinese provinces. Regardless of the amount of investment, the minimum wage raise lowered hiring as FDI intake increased. In this research paper, we aim to study different scenarios that can help raise the minimum wage without harming employment. We will evaluate the influence of employment’s minimum wage change in China (world's largest emerging market) and the U.S. (the largest developed country) using co-integration regression analysis. The minimum wage system is a basic wage and social security system that the governments have used to interfere directly in labor market wages. The data enumerated and collected is from 2003 to 2016, which is published annually by both governments. Our emphasis is on the overall employment impact, accommodation, and foodservice industry impact. According to the findings, the minimum wage increase has a minor impact on overall employment in China. However, it has a beneficial impact on employment in the U.S. In China and the U.S., minimum wage raise has a significant beneficial influence on employment in the retail and foodservice industries. The impact on the U.S., however, is higher than on China.
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Ahlawat, Vanita, and Renu. "An Analysis of Growth and Association between Labour Productivity and Wages in Indian Textile Industry." Management and Labour Studies 43, no. 1-2 (January 23, 2018): 78–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0258042x17745182.
India is one of the largest textile producers in the world. Textile industry is huge employment-providing industry after agriculture in India. The present article is an attempt to analyse first, the growth and composition of employees engaged in textile industry in India. Second, to find the growth and relation between employments, man-days employed, wages and net value added (NVA) by textile industry in India. And lastly, the impact of labour productivity in wage determination is also analysed. The results suggested that there is huge gender disparity in employment, that is, women are very few in comparison to men workers. Overall employment in textile has an increasing trend among both categories of textile industry. Further, spinning, weaving and finishing of textile manufacturing is growing faster than manufacturing of other textiles. Employment in textile industry has a positive and significant correlation with real wage rates in both categories of industries. This indicates that increase in real wage rate causes enhancement in employment in textile manufacturing. And further results suggest that labour productivity is a significant determinant of wage rate of textile employees.
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Thompson, Lyke, Greg Powers, and Berenice Houchard. "The Wage Effects of Supported Employment." Journal of the Association for Persons with Severe Handicaps 17, no. 2 (June 1992): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154079699201700203.
This study investigated the effects of supported employment on wages earned by persons with disabilities. We sought to determine whether supported employment produced higher wages than sheltered employment, whether any effect was a result of increases in wage rates or hours, and whether one model of supported employment had more impact than another. The analysis showed that wages increased after entering supported employment, after correcting for differences in employees' measured IQs. Entry into supported employment had a more consistent impact on wage rates than on hours of employment. Individual placement was shown to have the largest effect on wages, while participation in mobile crews had little effect.
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Baldwin, Marjorie L., and William G. Johnson. "The Employment Effects of Wage Discrimination against Black Men." ILR Review 49, no. 2 (January 1996): 302–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979399604900208.
When labor supply curves are upward-sloping, wage discrimination against black men reduces not only their relative wages, but also their relative employment rates. Using data from the 1984 Survey of Income and Program Participation, the authors estimate wage discrimination against black men and, for the first time, quantify the effects of that discrimination on the employment of black and white men. They find that 62% of the difference in offer wages to black and white men, and 67% of the difference in their observed wages, cannot be attributed to differences in productivity. Assuming that the unexplained wage differential is attributable entirely to employer discrimination, then the disincentive effects of wage discrimination reduced the relative employment rate of black men from 89% to 82% of white men's employment rate. Thus, wage discrimination and its employment effects resulted in a substantial transfer of resources from blacks to whites in 1984.
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Machin, Stephen, and Alan Manning. "The Effects of Minimum Wages on Wage Dispersion and Employment: Evidence from the U.K. Wages Councils." ILR Review 47, no. 2 (January 1994): 319–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979399404700210.
Using data on Wages Council coverage from the United Kingdom New Earnings Survey, the authors examine the impact of mandated minimum wages on wage dispersion and employment in the United Kingdom in the 1980s. They find evidence that a dramatic decline in the toughness of the regulation imposed by the Wages Councils through the 1980s—a decline, that is, in the level of the minimum wage relative to the average wage—significantly contributed to widening wage dispersion over those years. There is, however, no evidence of an increase in employment resulting from the weakening bite of the Wages Council minimum pay rates. Instead, consistent with the conclusions of several recent U.S. studies, the findings suggest that the minimum wage had either no effect or a positive effect on employment.
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Menon, Nidhiya, and Yana van der Meulen Rodgers. "The Impact of the Minimum Wage on Male and Female Employment and Earnings in India." Asian Development Review 34, no. 1 (March 2017): 28–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/adev_a_00080.
This study examines how employment and wages for men and women respond to changes in the minimum wage in India, a country known for its extensive system of minimum wage regulations across states and industries. Using repeated cross sections of India's National Sample Survey Organization employment survey data for the period 1983–2008 merged with a newly created database of minimum wage rates, we find that, regardless of gender, minimum wages in urban areas have little to no impact on labor market outcomes. However, minimum wage rates increase earnings in the rural sector, especially for men, without any employment losses. Minimum wage rates also increase the residual gender wage gap, which may be explained by weaker compliance among firms that hire female workers.
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Wang, Zi‐cheng, and Wei‐guo Yang. "Self‐employment or wage‐employment?" China Agricultural Economic Review 5, no. 2 (May 3, 2013): 231–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17561371311331115.
Minimum wage policy is practiced in many countries with the intention of establishing a wage floor for low-wage workers having less bargaining power in the labour market. However, there is some evidence that such well-intended policy might have adverse effects on employment. This study employs a basic model where firm level employment data for a sample of 27 firms for the period 2000-2015 is used to analyse the effects of changes in minimum wage on employment in the readymade garments industry in Bangladesh. The main results suggest that higher minimum wages result in higher formal employment, particularly female employment, in these firms. The major policy implication of the study is to support the enforcement of suitable regulation to ensure competitive and fair wages as well as workers welfare.
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Boockmann, Bernhard, Raimund Krumm, Pia Rattenhuber, and Michael Neumann. "Turning the Switch: An Evaluation of the Minimum Wage in the German Electrical Trade Using Repeated Natural Experiments." German Economic Review 14, no. 3 (August 1, 2013): 316–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/geer.12016.
Abstract The introduction, abolition and subsequent re-introduction of the minimum wage in the German electrical trade gave rise to series of natural experiments, which are used to study minimum wage effects. We find similar impacts in all three cases on wages, employment and the receipt of public welfare benefits. Average wages are raised by the minimum wage in East Germany, but there is almost no evidence for employment effects. The results also show that the wage effect is quickly undone after the abolition of the minimum wage.
Onaran, Özlem. "The effect of foreign affiliate employment on wages, employment, and the wage share in Austria." Inst. für Volkswirtschaftstheorie und -politik, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2008. http://epub.wu.ac.at/314/1/document.pdf.
This paper estimates the effects of outward Foreign Direct Investment (employment in the affiliates abroad) on employment, wages, and the wage share in Austria using panel data for the period of 1996-2005. There is evidence of significant negative effects of FDI on both employment and wages, and consequently on the wage share. The results are not limited to workers in low skilled sectors or blue collar workers. The negative employment effect is primarily due to the rise in the employment in the foreign affiliates in Eastern Euope. The negative wage effects are originating from affiliate employment in both the East and the developed countries in industry, but no effect is found in the total economy. (author´s abstract) Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series
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Skedinger, Per. "Essays on wage formation, employment, and unemployment." Uppsala : Stockholm, Sweden : [Uppsala University] ; Distributor, Almqvist & Wiksell International, 1992. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/26994528.html.
Lofstrom, Magnus. "Three essays on the role of skills and education in immigration and self-employment /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9938587.
Bucila, Laura M. "Employment-based health insurance and the minimum wage." Connect to this title online, 2008. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1219850385/.
This study looks at the welfare implications of the minimum wage in China, and covers three topics: the minimum wage and wage inequality, the minimum wage and employment, and the minimum wage and the gender wage gap. The main finding is that the welfare implications of the minimum wage in China are mixed, with both positive and negative welfare effects. Four main conclusions are reached. Firstly, minimum wages can effectively reduce overall wage inequality at the municipal level (despite non-compliance) through raising individual wages at the lower end of the wage distribution. Secondly, minimum wages generally have significantly negative effects on urban employment with some indication of more marked effects for traditionally disadvantaged groups such as youth, older workers, and women. Thirdly, minimum wages significantly raise women’s wages relative to men’s at the lower quantiles of wage distribution, thus reducing the gender wage gap. Together with the second result, this means that the minimum raises women’s relative wages, while lowering their employment. Fourthly, these three results are especially robust during 2004-2007, when the minimum wage system was reinforced.
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Lemos, Sara Eloisa Vilmar da Silva. "The effect of the minimum wage on wages, employment and prices in Brazil." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.407159.
Aliev, Umid Farhodovich. "Wage and employment determination in Russia and central Asia." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.550335.
The political and economic fall of the socialist bloc in the late 1980s and the disintegration of the USSR in 1991 triggered the process of political and economic transformation from planned to market-based economies in over 20 countries in Eastern Europe, Caucasus, and Central Asia. One of the important aspects of the political and economic reforms was that they led to substantial changes in wage and employment determination in enterprises. In particular, prominent features of the Soviet economic system - administratively determined wages and full employment - were abolished with the end of the USSR. New, independent states had to create new systems, where market forces were to be given a bigger role than before. These changes profoundly altered employment relations and completely changed the processes of wage determination. However, it is not completely clear what we have at the end. In this thesis we try to establish if the labour markets in Russia and Central Asia are likely to have features of a competitive labour market or those of a monopsonistic labour market. Detailed analysis of the stylized facts and characteristic features indicates that the monopsonistic market structure is more relevant than the competitive market structure. We have undertaken an empirical test of this proposition. The estimation results indicate the presence of some evidence indicating that the labour markets in Russia and Central Asia are likely to be monopsonisitc. This conclusion has important policy implications because in a monopsonisitc market structure market interventions like unemployment benefits or minimum wages may improve efficiency. In contrast, in a competitive labour market these market interventions are not welcome due to the prediction that they reduce efficiency. We also examine if the firms with different ownership structures differ in their wage and employment decisions. Our estimation results report substantial differences in wage and employment determination across firms with different ownership structures.
Pemberton, James. Wage and employment determination when employment adjustment is costly. Reading: University of Reading. Department of Economics, 1987.
Arnold, Elizabeth, and Chester Hanvey. "Employment Status." In Wage and Hour Law, 71–105. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74612-8_4.
Sapsford, David, and Zafiris Tzannatos. "Wage and Employment Determination." In The Economics of the Labour Market, 155–72. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-22825-6_7.
Mcdonald, Ian M., and Robert M. Solow. "Wage bargaining and employment." In Economic Models of Trade Unions, 85–104. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2378-5_5.
Oh, Kye-Taik. "Wage Levels and the Management of Wages." In Employment Relations in South Korea, 53–70. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137428080_4.
Neugart, Michael. "Employment dynamics under wage setting." In Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems, 119–41. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58348-3_7.
Schiavo-Campo, Salvatore. "Government Employment and Wage Policy." In Running the Government, 158–80. New York, NY: Routledge, [2018]: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315107745-5.
Davidson, Louise. "The Theory of Monetary Policy Under Wage Inflation." In Money and Employment, 170–90. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-11513-6_11.
Witte, Nils, and Jean Guedes Auditor. "Affluent Lives Beyond the Border? Individual Wage Change Through Migration." In IMISCOE Research Series, 121–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67498-4_7.
AbstractThis chapter investigates individual wage changes of German emigrants. The analytical strategy is twofold. First, we compare hourly wage changes among emigrants with wage changes among stayers. We estimate the Difference-in-Difference of mean net hourly wages between stayers and emigrants over time and account for the positive selection of emigrants on observable characteristics through entropy balancing. Second, we explore the heterogeneity of wage changes among emigrants. To that end, we calculate linear regressions on the log net hourly wage change through migration. The first analysis suggests substantial wage increases of 8 euros through migration. The second analysis provides evidence that characteristics of employment and of destination countries account for differences in the wage change among emigrants. Among individual characteristics, only age is negatively correlated, while education and gender do not account for differences. Our analysis rely on the first wave of the German Emigration and Remigration Panel Study. The German Socio-Economic Panel Study yields our reference population of stayers.
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Paqué, Karl-Heinz. "East/West-Wage Rigidity in United Germany." In Employment Policy in Transition, 52–82. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56560-1_4.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Wage Employment":
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Zhao, Tingting, and Jinsong Pei. "The employment effect of minimum wage in dual economy." In 2016 International Conference on Industrial Economics System and Industrial Security Engineering (IEIS). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ieis.2016.7551890.
Zhang, Dongfang. "The Impact of Minimum Wage on Urban Residents' Employment." In 2nd International Conference on Humanities Science and Society Development (ICHSSD 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ichssd-17.2018.85.
Хабиева, Елена Викторовна. "EFFECTIVE EMPLOYMENT CONTRACT WITH A TEACHER: PAST AND PRESENT." In Теоретические и практические аспекты развития науки в современном мире: сборник статей международной научной конференции (Санкт-Петербург, Март 2023). Crossref, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/230317.2023.52.15.002.
Эффективный трудовой договор с преподавателями средних профессиональных образовательных организаций - способ практической реализации гарантий работнику по достойной оплате труда, складывающейся из базовой части оплаты труда (тарифная ставка, оклад), компенсационных и стимулирующих выплат, а также выплат социального характера. An effective employment contract with teachers of secondary vocational educational organizations is a way of practical implementation of guarantees to the employee for decent wages, consisting of the basic part of wages (wage rate, salary), compensation and incentive payments, as well as payments of social character.
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Danilevičienė, Irena. "THE GROWTH OF COMPETITIVENESS AS A RESULT OF THE CHANGES OF WAGE AND EMPLOYMENT." In Business and Management 2018. VGTU Technika, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bm.2018.48.
The concept of competitiveness is a multidimensional and is closely related to the country‘s ability to adapt to a constantly changing environment. The growth of competitiveness depends on the main aspects of wage and employment, which is influenced by micro and macro factors. The objective of this article is to assess the link between the wage, employment and competitiveness. The following tasks have been implemented: to analyse the scientific literature about competitiveness and its fac-tors; to reveal the changes of wages and employment; to assess the impact of main factors on com-petitiveness. In the article, the following methods of analysis are used: an analysis and summarize of the scientific literature, analysis of the statistical data, correlation-regression analysis.
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Xiao, Xiao-Yong, and Bao-Lin Xiang. "The Impact of Minimum Wage Policy on Wages and Employment in China." In 2009 International Conference on Information Management, Innovation Management and Industrial Engineering. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iciii.2009.183.
Lu, Kang-yin, Pan Hu, and Li Zhang. "Gender differentials in wage and employment opportunity in urban labor market." In 2009 16th International Conference on Management Science and Engineering (ICMSE). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmse.2009.5318870.
Peng, ZhaoQi, and ZiXin Yang. "Minimum Wage and Employment: Evidence from Urban Manufacturing in Shanxi Province." In 2022 7th International Conference on Social Sciences and Economic Development (ICSSED 2022). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.220405.304.
Nikoloski, Dimitar. "POVERTY AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM NORTH MACEDONIA." In Economic and Business Trends Shaping the Future. Ss Cyril and Methodius University, Faculty of Economics-Skopje, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47063/ebtsf.2020.0019.
Poverty and social exclusion are often associated with unemployment, but being employed is not always sufficient to provide decent living conditions for workers and their families. The ‘low-wage’ workers similarly as unemployed are often associated with an image of men and women struggling to support their families and living at risk of poverty and social exclusion. Dealing with the social stratification engendered from the employment status of workers in the post-transition countries represents a challenging task for the academics and policymakers. The aim of the paper is to assess the determinants of poverty in North Macedonia from the point of view of employment status, particularly the differences between low-paid and unemployed workers. We assess the factors affecting the probability of at-risk-of poverty status by estimating a logit model on cross-section data separately for employed and unemployed persons in 2015. The analysis draws from an examination of micro data from the Survey on Income and Living Conditions (SILC) whose main scope is to enable the compilation of statistics on income distribution, as well as indicators of monetary poverty. Besides other personal and household characteristics, being low-paid appears as the most important factor for at-risk-of poverty status among employed persons, while the low work intensity is the most responsible factor for at-risk-of poverty status among unemployed persons. In addition, our analysis reveals that the social transfers do not satisfactorily cover these categories, which assumes that we need a much broader arsenal of respective policy measures aiming to reduce poverty among the vulnerable labour market segments. The proposed policy recommendations cover the following areas: education and training, active labour market policies, unionisation and collective bargaining, wage subsidies and taxation and statutory minimum wage.
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Sabokkhiz, Leila, and Canan Gülcan. "The Effect of Minimum Wage and Social Allowance Policies on Female Employment in Turkey." In 7th International Conference on Gender Studies: Gender, Space, Place & Culture. Eastern Mediterranean University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33831/gspc19/253-269/17.
Jing-xiao, Zhang, Long Xiao-hua, and Jin Wei-xing. "Solving the Employment Problems in China Construction Industry: Localization, IT Service, Minimum Wage Limit." In 2010 International Conference on E-Business and E-Government (ICEE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icee.2010.168.
Elsby, Michael W. L., Axel Gottfries, Pawel M. Krolikowski, and Gary Solon. Wage adjustment in efficient long-term employment relationships. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, October 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.26509/frbc-wp-202323.
We present a model in which efficient long-term employment relationships are sustained by wage adjustments prompted by shocks to idiosyncratic productivity and the arrival of outside job offers. In accordance with casual and formal evidence, these wage adjustments occur only sporadically, due to the presence of renegotiation costs. The model is amenable to analytical solution and yields new insights into a number of labor market phenomena, including: (1) key features of the empirical distributions of changes in pay among job stayers; (2) a property of near-“memorylessness” in wage dynamics that implies that initial hiring wages have only limited influence on later wages and allocation decisions; and (3) a crucial role for nonbase pay—specifically, recruitment and retention bonuses—in sustaining efficient employment relationships.
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Jardim, Ekaterina, Mark Long, Robert Plotnick, Emma van Inwegen, Jacob Vigdor, and Hilary Wething. Minimum Wage Increases, Wages, and Low-Wage Employment: Evidence from Seattle. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, June 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w23532.
Hall, Robert. Wage Determination and Employment Fluctuations. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, September 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w9967.
Kennan, John. Private Information, Wage Bargaining and Employment Fluctuations. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, January 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w11967.
Jardim, Ekaterina, Mark Long, Robert Plotnick, Emma van Inwegen, Jacob Vigdor, and Hilary Wething. Minimum Wage Increases and Individual Employment Trajectories. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, October 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w25182.
Hunt, Jennifer, and Ryan Nunn. Is Employment Polarization Informative About Wage Inequality and Is Employment Really Polarizing? Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, July 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w26064.
Messina, Julián, and Luca Gambetti. Evolving Wage Cyclicality in Latin America. Inter-American Development Bank, August 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011754.
This paper examines the evolution of the cyclicality of real wages and employment in four Latin American economies (Brazil, Chile, Colombia and Mexico) during the period 1980-2010. Wages are highly pro-cyclical during the 1980s and early 1990s, a period characterized by high inflation. As inflation declined wages became less pro-cyclical, a feature that is consistent with emerging downward wage rigidities in a low-inflation environment. Compositional effects associated with changes in labor participation along the business cycle appear to matter less for estimates of wage cyclicality than in developed economies.
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Gustman, Alan, and Thomas Steinmeier. Wages, Employment, Training and Job Attachment in Low Wage Labor Marketsfor Women. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, October 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w2037.
Neumark, David, and William Wascher. Minimum Wage Effects on Employment and School Enrollment. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, March 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w4679.
Campa, Jose Manuel, and Linda Goldberg. Employment versus Wage Adjustment and the US Dollar. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, October 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w6749.
