Готові списки джерел за темами / Vision disorders

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Vision disorders"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021
Оновлено: 3 березня 2023

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Зміст

  1. Статті в журналах
  2. Дисертації
  3. Книги
  4. Частини книг
  5. Тези доповідей конференцій
  6. Звіти організацій

Статті в журналах з теми "Vision disorders":

1

Gallaway, Michael, Mitchell Scheiman, and G. Lynn Mitchell. "Vision Therapy for Post-Concussion Vision Disorders." Optometry and Vision Science 94, no. 1 (January 2017): 68–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/opx.0000000000000935.

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2

Galaburda, Albert M., and Bradley C. Duchaine. "Developmental disorders of vision." Neurologic Clinics 21, no. 3 (August 2003): 687–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0733-8619(02)00096-8.

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3

Kafle, Niraj, Swastika Adhikari, and Aparajita Kar. "Disorders Encountered Low Vision." Acta Scientific Ophthalmology 6, no. 2 (February 1, 2023): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.31080/asop.2023.06.0618.

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4

Thieme, Deborah-Teresa, Romuald Brunner, Stephanie Kandsperger, and Herbert Jägle. "Colour Vision Disorder due to Conversion Disorders in Childhood." Klinische Monatsblätter für Augenheilkunde 238, no. 10 (October 2021): 1077–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1645-1616.

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Abstract Background Non-organic vision loss can manifest in various ways, most commonly in the form of reduced vision and visual field defects. Colour vision disorders in the context of a conversion disorder have only rarely been reported. Materials and Methods This review presents the case of a 9-year-old boy with a colour vision disorder as the isolated symptom of a conversion disorder. The challenging in this case was an additional somatic comorbidity – a congenital red-green deficiency. Consequently it was difficult to make a diagnosis and to convince the parents. Conclusion It is important to rule out organic causes and establish the diagnosis of a conversion disorder. In these cases, multidisciplinary treatment is crucial for a successful outcome. The diagnosis may be especially challenging when the patients have both somatic and psychogenic complaints.
5

Petzold, Axel, and Gordon T. Plant. "Clinical disorders affecting mesopic vision." Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics 26, no. 3 (May 2006): 326–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-1313.2006.00417.x.

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6

Simmons, David R., Ashley E. Robertson, Lawrie S. McKay, Erin Toal, Phil McAleer, and Frank E. Pollick. "Vision in autism spectrum disorders." Vision Research 49, no. 22 (November 2009): 2705–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2009.08.005.

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7

Klushyn, Yurii. "Mobile system for spatial orientation of people with vision disorders." Computer systems and network 4, no. 1 (December 16, 2022): 67–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/csn2022.01.067.

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Based on the analysis of existing systems for helping blind people to navigate in space, an understanding arose in the creation of a new system that would have a completely different approach to the interaction of a blind user with the existing world. Such a system, having the function of a voice message, provides a blind person with information and thus helps him orientate in space. Existing approaches focus on providing sound signals, which only make it possible to redirect a person in a certain direction, prohibit or allow movement. Therefore, there was a need to develop such a mobile system that would help people with visual impairments to navigate in the room based on the information they received in the form of a voice message. The object of the research is methods and means of helping blind people in the orientation of the premises using the received signal level indicator RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indication). For Wi-Fi and Bluetooth 4.0 devices, RSSI is the only parameter that allows you to measure the distance from the device to a base station or beacon. The developed mobile system combines components such as web client, server application, databases and mobile application to operate the Bluetooth ESP32 module. Based on these components, this article provides a methodology for building a mobile system, describes the development environ- ment with its functions and capabilities, provides a detailed description of launching and configuring programs with explanations of key points in the system’s operation.
8

Rao, Diwakar. "Prevalence of Non Strabismic Binocular Vision Disorders in Patients with Asthenopia." Journal of Multidisciplinary Research in Healthcare 1, no. 1 (October 1, 2014): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15415/jmrh.2014.11003.

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9

Holterman, Julia A. "OPTOMETRIC MANAGEMENT OF NEARPOINT VISION DISORDERS." Optometry and Vision Science 71, no. 8 (August 1994): 542. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006324-199408000-00010.

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10

Girkin, Christopher A., and Neil R. Miller. "Central Disorders of Vision in Humans." Survey of Ophthalmology 45, no. 5 (March 2001): 379–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0039-6257(00)00208-3.

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Також вас можуть зацікавити розширені добірки на тему "Vision disorders" для конкретних типів джерел:
Статті в журналах Дисертації Книги

Дисертації з теми "Vision disorders":

1

Conner, Ian Patrick. "fMRI studies of amblyopia pediatric and adult perspectives /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2005. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=4077.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2005.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xi, 199 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.
2

Ajzenman, Heather. "Binocular vision skills in human observers /." South Hadley, Mass. : [s.n.],, 2008. http://ada.mtholyoke.edu/setr/websrc/pdfs/www/2008/293.pdf.

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3

Faulkner, Stuart. "The nature of binocular interactions in developmental disorders of vision." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2004. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55414/.

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4

Bryer, Alan. "Pseudotumor cerebri (with special reference to visual loss)." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26342.

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AIMS OF STUDY: 1. To analyse the patients . who have been treated at Groote Schuur Hospital over the last seven years for Pseudotumor Cerebri. 2. To document the clinical features of this group of patients. 3. To determine the visual prognosis of this group. 4. To assess the forms of treatment that have been used in this group. 5. To review the literature with regard to: a) a comparison of the results of other studies with the present one. b) the pathophysiology of the condition. c) treatment of the syndrome. d) the visual prognosis of the syndrome.
5

McColl, Shelley L. "Interictal visual system function in migraine : a psychophysical approach." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=82931.

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Visual manifestations of migraine are largely considered transient, without permanent sequelae. Recent findings raise the possibility of persistent ocular and neural manifestations. This thesis investigates visual function in migraine during the period between episodes by applying various psychophysical tests to two migraine groups (migraine with aura ( n = 20) and migraine without aura (n = 20)) and comparing the results to those of a nonheadache control group (n = 20). Tests were designed to address the level of visual system involvement, and to investigate the extent to which selective visual processes, specifically, motion and other forms of temporal modulation are adversely affected in migraine.
The first experiment assessed global processing of complex form and motion in Glass patterns. Compared to nonheadache participants, the migraine groups demonstrated significantly elevated motion detection than motion discrimination thresholds. In contrast, average form detection thresholds were almost identical between subject groups. The second experiment measured perimetrically, in each eye, global motion sensitivity in fifteen localized visual field regions and compared these results in the same subjects to those obtained from conventional luminance-based perimetry. Perimetry testing revealed that two-thirds of migraineurs had localized deficits in motion coherence. Almost all motion field defects occurred in regions of normal sensitivity to the luminance targets. Over 80% of migrainous visual field defects were nonhomonymous, indicating that dysfunction occurs largely prior to the optic chiasm. Homonymous defects were also detected, raising the possibility of postchiasmal dysfunction, although several of these defects may represent independent monocular losses. The stability of a sample of field defects was retested after a 4--6 week delay. Sixty-percent of the motion defects persisted. These regions could support normal resolution acuity, but in most cases, not the discrimination of small increments in speed in globally coherent motion.
Also included is a study of the spatial and temporal frequency characteristics of visual discomfort to grating patterns. Visual discomfort was experienced by a greater proportion of migraineurs than nonheadache controls, and at significantly lower levels of stimulus contrast in migraineurs than in controls. Gratings modulated at high temporal frequencies were particularly effective in eliciting discomfort in migraineurs.
Comparison of individual results across the various tests suggests that functional deficits in migraine (i) are demonstrated on tasks that involve global motion and other forms of temporal modulation, (ii) occur primarily prior to the optic chiasm, but may, in some cases, also involve higher-levels of the visual pathway. Theoretical and clinical implications on migraine pathology and the visual system are discussed.
6

Kvarnström, Gun. "Visual screening of children in Sweden : epidemiological and methodological aspects /." Linköping : Univ, 2004. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2004/med852s.pdf.

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7

Marquardt, Westlake Laura L. "Effectiveness of five vision screening instruments for detecting possible amblyogenetic factors in young children." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2005. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1051260181&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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8

Carkeet, Andrew D. "Spatio-temporal characteristics of vision in glaucomatous and normal subjects." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1995. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36727/1/36727_Digitised%20Thesis.pdf.

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Анотація:
This study investigated the ability of normal subjects and glaucoma patients to judge the temporal order of small, foveally presented stimuli. Two basic stimulus paradigms were used: Inter-Ocular Temporal Asynchrony (IOTA), and Temporal Order Discrimination (TOD). IOTA, a simple foveal dichoptic temporal order matching technique, was designed to investigate whether the visual system in glaucoma is characterised by interocular asymmetry of visual latency. Preliminary testing showed that IOTA was affected by monocular luminance attenuation using ND filters in normal subjects. Glaucoma subjects showed significant abnormalities on IOTA testing which correlated strongly with asymmetry of optic disc appearance, and less strongly with asymmetry of visual field indices. This is the first perceptual evidence of alterations in visual latency in glaucoma patients, and is in accord with previous findings that glaucoma causes increased latency in visually evoked potential responses. TOD was a monocular foveal test, measuring the smallest interstimulus interval required by a subject to distinguish the temporal order of two spatially proximal stimuli. As there had been little previous research in normal subjects on the effects of stimulus duration, contrast and temporal profile on TOD, these parameters were investigated for a small number of young, visually normal subjects. For constant contrast stimuli with rectangle temporal profiles, TOD thresholds depended on stimulus duration, performance being optimal for durations around 10 to 100 ms, and thresholds increasing for longer and briefer stimulus durations. For stimuli set at 4 times contrast threshold, TOD thresholds were constant for brief durations, but increased (i.e. became poorer) for longer durations. This duration-dependent increase in TOD thresholds was more marked for stimuli with Gaussian temporal profiles than for rectangular profile stimuli, suggesting that the high frequency information contained in the edges of rectangular pulses aided TOD judgments. TOD thresholds improved with increasing stimulus contrast, although the degree of improvement varied with stimulus duration, and between subjects. TOD performance was measured in glaucoma patients, age-matched old normal subjects, and young normal subjects. Stimuli with Gaussian temporal envelopes were used, and contrasts set at 4 times individual subject's contrast threshold so that all stimuli would be equally visible. Stimulus durations were varied over a large range (pulse standard deviations of 16, 64, and 256 ms). Older subjects showed increased TOD thresholds (i.e. poorer performance) compared to young normal subjects, and this was true for all stimulus durations. This result cannot be explained in terms of increased sluggishness of the aging visual system, but suggests that TOD processing of high and low temporal frequency information is impaired in older observers. The TOD thresholds of glaucoma patients did not differ significantly from· those of age-matched normals for all durations tested, despite the fact that glaucoma subjects had, on average, significantly poorer foveal contrast detection thresholds, greater optic disc cupping and a higher degree of visual field loss than for age-matched normals. For clinical testing of foveal function in glaucoma, contrast threshold measurement is of greater diagnostic value than TOD measurement. The subjects in each of the three groups were tested with MOTA (Monocular Temporal Asynchrony), a "method of adjustment" measure of temporal order matching ability. This technique was trialed because its speed of measurement offered an advantage over TOD in clinical testing. However MOTA showed poor potential as a substitute for TOD, correlating only weakly with TOD for the three groups, and being unable to distinguish glaucoma from age-matched normal subjects. In summary, glaucoma appears to cause interocular asymmetry of perceived latency, but does not affect precision of temporal order judgments, even in patients who show elevated foveal contrast thresholds.
9

Crotogino, Jennifer. "Visual stress in migraine : subjective and psychophysiological responses to intense visual stimulation." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=38475.

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This dissertation assesses whether intense visual stimulation can act as a stressor to migraine sufferers between attacks, and whether subjective and psychophysiological reactions to these stimuli can clarify how migraine attacks may be triggered.
The first study assessed thresholds of light-induced discomfort and pain in migraine sufferers and non-migrainous controls during a non-headache period. Two instruction sets were compared to assess whether information presented to participants would affect thresholds. The results showed that migraineurs had significantly lower thresholds for light-induced pain. However, this effect was most apparent in those who had heard the negatively biased instructions reinforcing the need to control contextual factors when assessing subjective phenomena such as visual discomfort.
The second study assessed subjective and psychophysiological responses of female migraine sufferers and female controls during exposure to visual stimuli incorporating spatial and temporal characteristics that are most likely to be bothersome to migraineurs. Two control stimuli were included to assess responses during similar, but theoretically less aversive conditions. Migraine sufferers had higher heart rate and more frequent electrodermal responses than controls at all points of the study, including baseline and recovery. However, while migraineurs reported higher anxiety during the intense conditions, and reported more visual and somatic complaints than controls during various viewing conditions, they did not show heart rate, heart rate variability or electrodermal changes that would suggest clear changes in autonomic function in response to aversive visual stimulation.
The third study assessed ambulatory electrocardiograms to investigate whether autonomic changes would be evident in the period leading up to, during or following a migraine. Three individuals were assessed on a day when they experienced a naturally occurring headache, and on a day when they were not. No obvious pattern of autonomic change was detected before or after headache, although there was some evidence that a pattern of increased heart rate and decreased vagal tone may accompany headache.
In summary, the results confirm that migraine sufferers are more sensitive to intense visual stimulation than controls, but do not support the contention that exposure results in widespread autonomic changes. Since interictal visual discomfort is a common in migraine, further research is needed to clarify how it can be incorporated into models of migraine pathophysiology.
10

Wang, Chongwen. "The impacts of psycho-social-spiritual factors on health-related quality of life among Chinese older adults with visual problems." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B37044394.

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Книги з теми "Vision disorders":

1

Klosterman, Lorrie. Vision disorders. Tarrytown, NY: Marshall Cavendish Benchmark, 2010.

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2

J, Cronly-Dillon, ed. Vision and visual dysfunction. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1991.

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3

Vasudevan, Lakshminarayanan, and Enoch Jay M, eds. Basic and clinical applications of vision science: The Professor Jay M. Enoch festschrift volume. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1997.

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4

Evans, Bruce J. W. Binocular vision. Edinburgh: Elsevier/Butterworth-Heinemann, 2005.

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5

Samź, Jane, and Jane Samź. Vision. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1990.

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6

François, Vital-Durand, Atkinson Janette, Braddick O. J. 1944-, and European Brain and Behaviour Society., eds. Infant vision. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996.

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7

Gwin, Nancy T. Overview of ocular disorders. Thorofare, NJ: Slack, 1999.

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8

Birnbaum, Martin H. Optometric management of nearpoint vision disorders. Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1993.

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9

Evans, Bruce J. W. Pickwell's binocular vision anomalies. 5th ed. Edinburgh: Elsevier Butterworth Heinemann, 2007.

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10

Neal, Helen. Low vision. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1987.

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Частини книг з теми "Vision disorders":

1

Bergamaschi, Roberto, Silvia Colnaghi, Bruno Giometto, Alessandra Rufa, Simona Sacco, and Giuseppe Vita. "Acute Vision Disorders." In Decision Algorithms for Emergency Neurology, 163–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51276-7_7.

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2

Enzenauer, Robert, William Morris, Thomas O’Donnell, and Jill Montrey. "Tests for Decreased Vision." In Functional Ophthalmic Disorders, 137–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08750-4_10.

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3

Andersen-Ranberg, Karen. "Hearing and Vision Disorders." In Practical Issues in Geriatrics, 171–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61997-2_18.

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4

Crone, Robert A. "Disorders of color vision." In A History of Color, 126–32. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0870-9_8.

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5

Senatore, Alfonso, Wajiha Jurdi Kheir, Minzhong Yu, Alessandro Racioppi, Roberto Gattegna, Donnell Creel, and Alessandro Iannaccone. "Syndromic Disorders." In Handbook of Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision, 111–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30417-1_7.

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6

Kini, Ashwini, Mangayarkarasi Thandampallayam Ajjeya, and Padmaja Sudhakar. "Non-Organic Vision Loss." In A Clinical Approach to Neuro-Ophthalmic Disorders, 147–56. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429020278-16.

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7

Tan, Clement. "Computational Neuroscience of Vision: Visual Disorders." In Computational and Cognitive Neuroscience of Vision, 297–315. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0213-7_13.

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8

Mondok, Lileth, and Elias I. Traboulsi. "Nonorganic Vision Loss in Children." In Practical Management of Pediatric Ocular Disorders and Strabismus, 757–60. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2745-6_71.

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9

Iannaccone, Alessandro, Alfonso Senatore, Wajiha Jurdi Kheir, Donnell Creel, and Minzhong Yu. "Characteristics of Visual Electrophysiology in Inflammatory Disorders." In Handbook of Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision, 147–71. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30417-1_8.

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10

Lusk, Kelly, and Terry L. Schwartz. "Management of Vision Impairment in Children." In Practical Management of Pediatric Ocular Disorders and Strabismus, 725–33. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2745-6_68.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Vision disorders":

1

Smith, Earl L., Li-Fang Hung, and Ronald S. Harwerth. "Limits of Emmetropization and Developmental Vision Disorders." In Vision Science and its Applications. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/vsia.1999.sua1.

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2

Plant, Gordon T. "Disorders of color vision following cortical damage." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1992.tucc1.

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Анотація:
Cases of cerebral achromatopsia have increased our understanding of the anatomy of extrastriate cortex. Some features of the reported cases have not so far been explained: for example, 1) Why can some but not all patients read pseudoisochromatic plates? 2) Why do some patients have a relatively greater impairment of short wavelength mechanisms? Results obtained in four cases of cerebral achromatopsia will be presented in an attempt to address these and other issues. One patient showed a marked deterioration in both chromatic processing and achromatic contrast sensitivity at low light levels, suggesting that the testing conditions may be important. In some cases dynamic random luminance masking (which disables achromatic mechanisms) results in a total failure of chromatic discrimination, while in others this has no effect on residual color discrimination. Thus the extent to which discrimination depends upon residual chromatic or achromatic mechanisms may vary. In one case it has been shown by using incremental threshold techniques that S-cone sensitivity may be reduced by 1.5 log units in the presence of near normal L-cone sensitivity, suggesting that the relatively greater impairment of short wavelength mechansisms is reflected in detection thresholds as well as chromatic discrimination. These differences in residual vision are discussed in the context of the underlying anatomy.
3

Bayer, A., H. J. Thiel, and E. Zrenners. "Early Detection of Retinal Disorders by Colour Vision Tests: A comparative study of electrophysiological and psychophysical results." In Advances in Color Vision. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/acv.1992.fb13.

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4

Hammami, Nacereddine, Mouldi Bedda, Nadir Farah, and Sihem Mansouri. "/r/-Letter disorder diagnosis (/r/-LDD): Arabic speech database development for automatic diagnosis of childhood speech disorders (Case study)." In 2015 Intelligent Systems and Computer Vision (ISCV). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isacv.2015.7105542.

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5

Kovac, Thomas, Sammy Rogmans, and Frank Van Reeth. "Computing Corpus Callosum as Biomarker for Degenerative Disorders." In International Conference on Computer Vision Theory and Applications. SCITEPRESS - Science and and Technology Publications, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0005310201380149.

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6

Dai, Fei, and Xiaopeng Ning. "Identification of Construction Cumulative Trauma Disorders: A Machine Vision Approach." In ASCE International Workshop on Computing in Civil Engineering. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784413029.083.

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7

Bane, Mark C. "Disability Glare Testing of Patients with Hereditary Retinal Disorders." In Noninvasive Assessment of the Visual System. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/navs.1993.nsua.3.

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Low vision clinicians realize that environmental factors have a significant influence on visual performance. Visually impaired patients frequently report that glare increases the difficulty of visual tasks, and it has been shown that glare compounds problems with orientation and mobility.1,2 It is difficult for low vision clinicians to evaluate patient glare problems, because the lighting conditions that are available in clinical settings seldom represent the range of those in a patient's everyday life.
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Voinea, Gheorghe-Daniel, and Florin Girbacia. "Vision-Based System for Driver Posture Tracking to Prevent Musculoskeletal Disorders." In 2020 International Conference on e-Health and Bioengineering (EHB). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ehb50910.2020.9280263.

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9

Maramis, Christos, Christos Diou, Ioannis Ioakeimidis, Irini Lekka, Gabriela Dudnik, Monica Mars, Nikos Maglaveras, Cecilia Bergh, and Anastasios Delopoulos. "Preventing Obesity and Eating Disorders through Behavioural Modifications: the SPLENDID Vision." In 4th International Conference on Wireless Mobile Communication and Healthcare - "Transforming healthcare through innovations in mobile and wireless technologies". ICST, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/icst.mobihealth.2014.257511.

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10

Shukla, Pushkar, Tanu Gupta, Aradhya Saini, Priyanka Singh, and Raman Balasubramanian. "A Deep Learning Frame-Work for Recognizing Developmental Disorders." In 2017 IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wacv.2017.84.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Vision disorders":

1

Dale, Naomi, Aneesa Khan, and Sophie Dale. Early intervention for vision and neurodevelopment in infants and very young children with visual impairment: a systematicreview. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.8.0080.

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Review question / Objective: Research question - What is the effectiveness of Early Childhood Intervention (ECI) in the first 3 years of life? Population (P) Infants and very young children with diagnosed visual impairment. Intervention (I) ECI programmes that includes vision and developmental stimulation, play, learning and responsive parenting Comparison (C) Standard care or control Outcomes (O) Primary: Vision function or and/or neurodevelopment and/or parent-child interaction outcomes Secondary: Parental context factors eg parental wellbeing and mental health, parental satisfaction with service provision. Condition being studied: Childhood congenital or very early visual impairment arising from congenital disorders of the peripheral or anterior visual system or cerebral-based vision disorders. This includes all vision disorders of the globe, retina and anterior optic nerve and all vision disorders that are considered cerebral based along visual pathways that are retro-chiasmatic and include central brain regions and networks involved in vision processing.
2

Peters J., Zachary, Loredana Santo, Danielle Davis, and Carol DeFrances J. NHSR 181: Emergency Department Visits Related to Mental Health Disorders Among Adults, by Race and Hispanic Ethnicity: United States, 2018-2020. National Center for Health Statistics (U.S.), March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.15620/cdc:123507.

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This report describes emergency department (ED) visits related to mental health disorders among adults and assesses differences in mental health-related ED visit characteristics by race and Hispanic ethnicity.
3

Santo, Loredana, Zachary Peters, and Carol DeFrances. Emergency Department Visits for Adults with Mental Health Disorders: United States, 2017–2019. National Center for Health Statistics (U.S.), December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15620/cdc:112081.

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4

Berkman, Nancy D., Eva Chang, Julie Seibert, Rania Ali, Deborah Porterfield, Linda Jiang, Roberta Wines, Caroline Rains, and Meera Viswanathan. Management of High-Need, High-Cost Patients: A “Best Fit” Framework Synthesis, Realist Review, and Systematic Review. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer246.

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Background. In the United States, patients referred to as high-need, high-cost (HNHC) constitute a very small percentage of the patient population but account for a disproportionally high level of healthcare use and cost. Payers, health systems, and providers would like to improve the quality of care and health outcomes for HNHC patients and reduce their costly use of potentially preventable or modifiable healthcare services, including emergency department (ED) and hospital visits. Methods. We assessed evidence of criteria that identify HNHC patients (best fit framework synthesis); developed program theories on the relationship among contexts, mechanisms, and outcomes of interventions intended to change HNHC patient behaviors (realist review); and assessed the effectiveness of interventions (systematic review). We searched databases, gray literature, and other sources for evidence available from January 1, 2000, to March 4, 2021. We included quantitative and qualitative studies of HNHC patients (high healthcare use or cost) age 18 and over who received intervention services in a variety of settings. Results. We included 110 studies (117 articles). Consistent with our best fit framework, characteristics associated with HNHC include patient chronic clinical conditions, behavioral health factors including depression and substance use disorder, and social risk factors including homelessness and poverty. We also identified prior healthcare use and race as important predictors. We found limited evidence of approaches for distinguishing potentially preventable or modifiable high use from all high use. To understand how and why interventions work, we developed three program theories in our realist review that explain (1) targeting HNHC patients, (2) engaging HNHC patients, and (3) engaging care providers in these interventions. Theories identify the need for individualizing and tailoring services for HNHC patients and the importance of building trusting relationships. For our systematic review, we categorized evidence based on primary setting. We found that ED-, primary care–, and home-based care models result in reduced use of healthcare services (moderate to low strength of evidence [SOE]); ED, ambulatory intensive caring unit, and primary care-based models result in reduced costs (low SOE); and system-level transformation and telephonic/mail models do not result in changes in use or costs (low SOE). Conclusions. Patient characteristics can be used to identify patients who are potentially HNHC. Evidence focusing specifically on potentially preventable or modifiable high use was limited. Based on our program theories, we conclude that individualized and tailored patient engagement and resources to support care providers are critical to the success of interventions. Although we found evidence of intervention effectiveness in relation to cost and use, the studies identified in this review reported little information for determining why individual programs work, for whom, and when.
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Provider core competencies for improved Mental health care of the nation. Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/assaf.2019/0067.

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This report is a comprehensive document reviewing current training programmes for various cadres of service providers who provide (or could provide) care for people with mental, neurological and substance use (MNS) disorders in South Africa. The review used national mental health and disability policies to develop a vision of contextually-appropriate services using a task-shifting disability-inclusive approach as a framework for the review. The report consists of the following sections: • An introductory section including the executive summary, background to, and methodology of the study. • The body of the report consists of separate chapters for each category of service provider, with a detailed examination of current curricula measured against the core competencies identified by the researchers. Key findings are highlighted at the start of each chapter, as well in the concluding section of the report. • The concluding section of the report summarises key findings, discusses limitations of the study and makes recommendations regarding the use of the report as well as for further research.

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