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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Virtual law"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 19 жовтня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Virtual law"

Widdison, Robin. "Virtual law school." International Review of Law, Computers & Technology 8, no. 1 (January 1994): 185–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13600869.1994.9966388.

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Isaev, I. A. "Virtual Origins of Public Law." Lex Russica, no. 4 (April 24, 2021): 9–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1729-5920.2021.173.4.009-022.

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The paper analyzes the main processes that gave rise to such a phenomenon as “public law”. The problem of public law is one of the fundamental problems of jurisprudence. A classical dichotomy of public and private law will never lose its significance, and the search for their harmonious interaction only heightens the interest of thinkers around the world in this issue. We should agree that addressing such issues is always secondto-none, as it gives grounds for the development of the best legal regulation acceptable for a particular society. The very notion of “publicness” has gone a long way to finally gaining a foothold in the political and legal lexicon. In the Digestas of Justinian, the famous Roman jurist Ulpian writes: “Public law, which (refers) to the position of the Roman state, private law, which (refers) to the benefit of individuals; there is the useful for the society and the useful for a private individual. Public law includes the sacreds (sacra), the ministry of priests, the position of magistrates” (D.1.1.1.2). Thus, from the ancient Roman forum through medieval corporations to the political parties of modern times, the public space was certainly controlled by the state in some way or another. It was the intervention of the state in the private sphere that determined the nature of “public” in general and public law in particular. These processes have defined both modern political landscapes and the system of public legal institutions. Although, to a large extent, the motivations that affected the formation of public law were dogmatic, formal and virtual, or imaginary in nature, their influence adopted quite real features and led to practical political and legal consequences.

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Pengelley, Nicholas. "The Virtual Law School Library." International Journal of Legal Information 29, no. 3 (2001): 615–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0731126500001050.

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What do the next twenty years hold for law school libraries? How will they look in 2021? What will be in them? Who will use them? Will we still use books, or will everything be accessed through an electronic medium? These questions are canvassed in the context of a law school library that is, in 2001, uneasily poised at a junction where signposts point to alternative futures for the delivery of legal education itself.I. IntroductionWe seem, yet again, to be at one of those moments in time, so common in the last quarter of the 20th century, and likely to be continuous in the 21st, when the future appears as a melting pot of possibilities for law libraries, particularly university law libraries. This time the uncertainty is largely driven by the potential advent of Web-based learning, and the as yet largely undeveloped nature of the law school response to the possibilities of education outside of the traditional classroom model. Uncertainty is also due to the growing awareness that IT literacy is increasing rapidly among our user community, and that students in particular now prefer electronic sources of information over print – sources which, increasingly, they can access from places other than the physical law library.

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Mitrović, Dragan. "VIRTUAL REALITY AND ETHICAL NEUTRALITY OF THE VIRTUAL SUBJECTS OF LAW." Facta Universitatis, Series: Law and Politics 15, no. 2 (July 31, 2017): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.22190/fulp1702115m.

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The existence of legal reality implies the existence of the subjects of law as the creations of that reality. The law cannot even exist without its subjects. They are conditio sine qua non for the law. First, natural persons had become the subjects of law – although not all of them and not at the same time, and thereafter their creations - legal (moral) persons, also became the subjects of law. In both cases, it is about traditional virtual legal creations. However, as the information and technological developments could not have bypassed contemporary law, more and more frequently and intensively it is being thought about the third type of the subjects of law – virtual characters as the new subjects of law (law avatars). Today, this is not done out of curiosity, but for very practical reasons – i.e. for promoting business communication that is rapidly migrating to the area of computer virtual reality. Such a change requires reconsideration of traditional beliefs and theories about what a subject of law is. It also requires determining the possible legal nature of virtual characters, irrespective of whether it is about virtual natural or legal persons. When it comes to the explanation of their essence, it seems that at this moment the fiction theory is more acceptable than the reality theory, which might prevail sometime, as it had happened with the subjectivity of the legal person at some point in time in the 17th century.

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Jin, Tao, and Jing-jing Yao. "The criminal law protection of virtual property." Legal Science in China and Russia, no. 6 (June 6, 2024): 86–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/2587-9723.2023.6.086-095.

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Virtual property in the sense of criminal law has the dispute between data attribute and property attribute, which leads to the differences in the criminal law protection path of virtual property. Virtual property has dual attributes of data and property, data attribute is its physical attribute, property attribute its essential attribute. According to the essential attribute of virtual property, virtual property should be protected as property, and the property protection path should be adopted. Virtual property is divided into physical virtual property, account virtual property and currency virtual property. Virtual property with management possibility, transfer possibility, relative non-replicability and property value should be protected as property.Virtual property should be protected by classification, and the property protection path should be adopted for physical virtual property and currency virtual property with property value. The account type virtual property and the physical virtual property without property value should be protected as data.

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Fay, Emily. "Virtual Artifacts." Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice 27, no. 4 (September 8, 2011): 449–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1043986211418887.

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Criminological investigations into the trade in antiquities have mainly focused on the sale of stolen artifacts or looted archaeological material; however, the question of authenticity has received little attention. This article examines the market for antiquities on eBay to investigate the claims made by sellers about the authenticity of artifacts and discusses the complexities of unraveling the fake from the genuine.

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Isaev, I. A. "Simulacra: the virtual reality of law." Courier of Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL)), no. 5 (August 6, 2021): 30–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/2311-5998.2021.81.5.030-040.

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Schwabach, Aaron. "Kosovo: Virtual War and International Law." Law and Literature 15, no. 1 (March 2003): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/lal.2003.15.1.1.

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Pan, Siyu. "Civil Law Protection of Network Virtual Property." Modern Management Forum 4, no. 4 (December 10, 2020): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.18686/mmf.v4i4.2775.

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<p>With the rapid development of science and technology, the form of property is not confined to the traditional concept of real life any more, and it also includes network virtual property. Besides, economic benefits are considerable as the network industry grows, which makes trading of virtual property a very common behavior in the real word. In such situation, there are various disputes concerned with virtual property emerging. However, relevant research and legislation can’t make breakthroughs as virtual property has vague legal status, complicated process of identification, and different definitions as well as unsolved legal protection method in academic field. Compared with the development of the network industry, legislation in the scope of virtual property has lagged far behind, which is hard to be the theoretical basis for solving disputes.</p><p>By analyzing the attributes of virtual property, and combining relevant cases with research results, the author seeks to put forward the protection rules of virtual property in line with the current situation in China, with civil law protection as the core. Possible further researches and prospects on protecting virtual property are also discussed in this article.</p>

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Chen, Zhuo. "Regulations of Network Virtual Property in Criminal Law." BCP Social Sciences & Humanities 18 (June 30, 2022): 344–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpssh.v18i.1132.

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Although network virtual property exists only in cyberspace, it has the same exchange value in the real world. Therefore, it is justifiable and necessary to protect network virtual property. Network virtual property is not a legal concept in the strict sense, which leads to the lack of applicable legal norms to protect network virtual property and transactions despite the gradual expansion of the scale of network virtual property transactions in the real world. Based on this, this paper studies how to better protect network virtual property from the perspective of criminal law and regulation, how to correctly understand the essence of network virtual property protection in order to achieve the purpose of protection, and puts forward specific suggestions on how to improve the existing legal system.

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Дисертації з теми "Virtual law"

Erlank, Wian. "Property in virtual worlds." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/71649.

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Thesis (LLD)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.
Includes bibliography
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This dissertation analyses and investigates how virtual property functions inside virtual worlds. It also determines if, within that context, virtual property is similar to, or should be treated like real world property. The questions that are addressed include the following. What is the (real world) legal status of property in virtual worlds? Is it worthwhile to recognise and protect virtual property in real world law? Is it possible to recognise and protect virtual property in real world law, given the differences? Would recognition and protection of virtual property in real world law require or be restricted to instances where virtual property is or can be recognised as real rights? The dissertation finds that there is a definable concept of “virtual property” as it is encountered in virtual worlds and there is a great degree of similarity between the function of property in virtual and real world systems. There are also sufficient justifications (social, economic and normative) to recognise virtual property as property. Even though the function of property is similar in both systems, the similarities are undermined by the absence, complete or almost complete, of real rights in virtual worlds. This creates a problem since, in real world law, real rights enjoy stronger protection than weaker personal rights. The first reason for this absence of real rights stems from the unique (and mostly uncircumventable) nature of game-code that removes the necessity to make all rights in virtual worlds real rights. The second reason relates to the fact that most virtual world rights are completely derived from and regulated by contract. It is concluded that it is possible to recognise and protect virtual property by means of traditional private law property law (both Roman-Germanic and Anglo-American), constitutional property law, and criminal law. While criminal law will fill some gaps left by the absence of real rights, the rest that are left are contractual rights. In certain circumstances, these contractual rights may be strong enough and in other cases they may require support from special legislation that strengthens weak personal rights and makes them into stronger property-like rights. In constitutional cases, these rights derive support from constitutional property law. However, in other circumstances recognition and protection will probably require recognition of real rights.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie proefskrif analiseer en ondersoek hoe virtuele eiendom in virtuele wêrelde werk. Dit gee ŉ oorsig oor die vraag of virtuele eiendom, in daardie konteks, vergelykbaar is met eiendom in die regte wêreld en dieselfde erkenning moet ontvang. Die volgende vrae word gestel en beantwoord. Wat is die (regte wêreld-) status van eiendom in ŉ virtuele wêreld? Is dit die moeite werd om virtuele eiendom in die regte wêreld-regstelsels te erken en te beskerm? Is dit moontlik om virtuele eiendom in die regte wêreld te erken en beskerm, gegewe die verskille? Sal erkenning en beskerming van virtuele eiendom in die regte wêreld-regstelsels vereis dat, of beperk word tot gevalle waar virtuele eiendom geïdentifiseer of erken word as saaklike regte? Die navorsing toon aan dat daar ŉ bepaalde konsep van virtuele eiendom is soos wat dit in virtuele wêrelde gevind word. Daar is ook ŉ merkbare ooreenkoms tussen die eiendomstelsels in die virtuele en regte wêrelde. Hierdie proefskrif bevind dat daar genoegsame regverdigingsgronde is (sosiaal, ekonomies, sowel as normatief) om regte wêreld-eiendomserkenning aan virtuele eiendom te verskaf. Alhoewel die funksie van eiendom dieselfde is in beide stelsels, word die ooreenkomste tussen hulle ondermyn deur die (algehele of amper algehele) tekort aan saaklike regte in die virtuele wêreld. Dit veroorsaak probleme, aangesien saaklike regte in die regte wêreld aansienlik sterker beskerming geniet as swakker persoonlike regte. Die redes vir hierdie tekort aan saaklike regte in ŉ virtuele wêreld is tweeledig. Eerstens veroorsaak die unieke aard van rekenaar-kode ŉ tekort aan saaklike regte binne die virtuele wêreld, aangesien die kode die bestaan van saaklike regte in meeste gevalle onnodig maak. Tweedens word meeste van die regte wat verkry word en bestaan in virtuele wêrelde geskep en gereguleer deur middel van kontrak. Daar word ook bevind dat dit moontlik is om aan virtuele eiendom erkenning en beskerming te gee deur middel van tradisionele privaatregtelike eiendom (beide Romeins-Germaans en Anglo-Amerikaans), konstitusionele eiendom en die strafreg. Strafreg kan egter slegs sekere gapings vul wat deur die tekort aan saaklike regte veroorsaak word. Die oorblywende regte sal egter persoonlike regte wees. In sekere omstandighede is dit moontlik dat hierdie persoonlike regte sterk genoeg sal wees, maar in ander gevalle sal dit nodig wees dat hul ondersteun word deur middel van die proklamasie van spesiale wetgewing wat swak persoonlike regte in die virtuele eiendom versterk tot eiendoms-agtige regte. In ander gevalle geniet hierdie regte beskerming deur die konstitusionele reg. In ander omstandighede sal dit egter verg dat erkenning en beskerming moet plaasvind deur die erkenning van saaklike regte in virtuele eiendom.
South African Research Chair in Property Law (sponsored by the Departement of Science and Technology (DST)
National Research Foundation (NRF)
University of Maastricht‟s Faculty of Law
Ius Commune Research School

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Perez, Tiffany A. "The elephant in the virtual law classroom." Universität Leipzig, 2021. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A74488.

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Due to the Covid-19 pandemic, law schools had to pivot to virtual legal education quickly. In the wake of the pandemic, scholars have eagerly written about the dos and don’ts of the virtual law classroom. Although some articles have represented the law students’ perspective and some have represented the law professor’s perspective, none have done both in an attempt to create empathy and bridge the gap between what students’ desire, and what law professors are currently providing, and what good virtual legal education requires. As such, based on several interviews with law professors and students, this Article begins by describing one online Contracts class first from the professor’s point of view and then from the student’s point of view. The professor and students’ different perceptions of the same class are then analogized to John Godfrey Saxe’s poem The Blind Men and the Elephant. Then, using the Kübler-Ross Grief Cycle as a vehicle to build empathy and understanding, this article attempts to demonstrate the similarities that exists between students and professors’ feelings about online virtual education, namely that both professors and students alike are avidly grieving a common loss: in-person, Socratic law school days of old. As such, they are both experiencing denial and anger about their situations. In keeping with one of the key strategies recommended by the Mayo Clinic for overcoming denial in grief, this article “journals” their realities and provides both the student and professor perspective in the hopes that, by doing so, it will rid the misconceptions and bridge the way for a new type of virtual legal education to be created—one that meets (and/or exceeds) both professors’ and students’ expectations.

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Gillenwater, Jacob, Stephen Fields, Cheryl Cornett, and Chrisopher Wallace. "Combining Fitts’s Law with Angular Size." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2019/schedule/27.

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Human-computer interaction is a growing field of computer science that combines psychological, biomechanical, and engineering design principles to help cater to a user's experience. Dr. Fitts created a mathematical model in 1954 which could accurately describe the difficulty of using a particular one-dimensional user interface, which was subsequently expanded to encompass two-dimensional user interfaces. Contemporary technological advances in virtual and augmented reality are currently leading towards widespread commercial use. This experiment attempts to adapt Fitts’s model once again to accommodate the three-dimensional user interfaces required of virtual and augmented reality. My hypothesis is that an object's angular size can be supplemented into Fitts’s model instead of its physical size. Participants were asked to wear a virtual reality headset and look at pairs of targets. Each pair has a different physical size, but the same angular size. The participants head movements are tracked using the virtual reality headset to determine how long it took each participant to find the center of a target. Linear regression is used to track the distance from the participants center of view to the center of a target over time. The slope of this regression lines is representative of the difficulty slope described by Fitts’s original model. The difficulty slopes are then plotted and compared to one another. Once using the targets’ physical size as the independent variable, and once using the target’s angular size as the independent variable. The coefficient of determination of the two data sets is then compared. If there exists a stronger relationship between the difficulty slope and the angular size of the target compared to the difficulty slope and the physical size of the target, then my hypothesis is true. Research is ongoing, but early preliminary test suggests that my hypothesis is correct. This means that an object's angular size can be supplemented into existing models instead of its physical size. This conclusion allows software developers and user interface designers to create more easily used and more optimized user interfaces.

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MacDonald, Michaela. "The case for virtual property." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2017. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/30717.

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Virtual assets should be treated as a species of property. Users of virtual environments have legitimate expectations about acquiring legal interests in virtual assets as they would in their physical counterparts under similar circumstances. There are two sources of these expectations. Firstly, it is the architecture of virtual environments, the existence of virtual economies, and the property-like characteristics of virtual assets that frame users' expectations. Secondly, providers' representations and conduct either explicitly authorise or tolerate virtual asset transactions. As a result, issues of title and ownership arise. The existing legal framework fails to deal properly with these issues. Currently applicable laws, such as contract, intellectual property or consumer protection law, do not recognise users' expectations as legitimate. However, property law could provide the necessary answers by treating virtual assets as part of the law of property. The theoretical foundations of property law inform us about the origins, justifications and consequences of property rights, as well as their role in allocating valuable resources and resolving social conflict. The concept of virtual property entails property rights in virtual assets, which as durable, separable things of independent value. In consequence, a new category of virtual property would resolve the different and unjustified treatment of virtual assets. Virtual property recognizes and protects users' legal interest in virtual assets, based on their legitimate expectations.

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Adrian, Angela. "Property rights and personality rights in a virtual world." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2010. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/203.

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Personality rights and property rights are not adequately protected by End User License Agreements (EULAs). This thesis explains how they may be safeguarded by expanding traditional intellectual property rules and developing more cohesive rules for user-generated content. Currently virtual property is governed under a system where initial rights are allocated to traditional intellectual property rights holders, and subsequent rights are governed by EULAs. The traditional intellectual property rights holders have been systematically eliminating any emerging or potential virtual property rights to which game players may be entitled. This is causing an imbalance in resources and rights. The law of contract and the law of property have traditionally balanced each other. The law of contract permits parties to realize the value of idiosyncratic preferences through trades. The law of property traditionally limits the burdens that parties may place on the productive use or marketability of high-value resources by means of contract. Presently, emergent useful property forms in cyberspace are being eliminated by contract. Property law theories provide strong grounds for recognizing that property rights should inhere in virtual assets. Intellectual property rights, specifically copyright, protect the author’s expression of his ideas. The question remains who is creating what? Is it the games company who provide the backdrop and venue or the players who provide the dialogue, action, and plot? The structure and building-blocks are the legal property of the creator-company; however, each character is the embodiment of a player’s story. The fair use doctrine creates a “breathing space” for certain subsidiary or derivative uses of a work by declining to recognize the copyright holder’s entitlement to control (or exploit) the markets for these uses. In determining which of these uses fall into this breathing space, the courts will use a sliding scale.

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Brydolf-Horwitz, Rachel. "Virtual injustice : technology, gendered violence and the limits of the law." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/62711.

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Technology-facilitated violence faces a dangerous combination of attitudes: that such violence isn’t serious and that it can’t be regulated. I look at linked events – the experiences and suicide of a young woman, and the passage of Canada’s first standalone anti-cyberbullying legislation – to analyze the workings of the Canadian justice system and the consequences of thinking about the digital as 'not real life.' The young woman, Rehtaeh Parsons, came to symbolize the dangers of cyberbullying, but her case involved sexual assault, the distribution of a photograph of that assault, and lengthy navigation of the justice and mental health systems in addition to the abuse directed her way via technology. In trying to understand how violence ‘online’ is naturalized and why the harms of technology-facilitated violence receive uneven recognition, I look at the roots and consequences of assumptions that orbit Rehtaeh’s case. I illustrate how as a young woman, her allegations of sexual assault were disclosed and confronted institutionally in an environment and culture steeped with longstanding discriminatory myths and stereotypes, especially around gender, alcohol, consent and sexuality. The distribution of the photograph of this traumatic night and the abuse around it were similarly invisibilized. They did not represent to the police an incident of tangible, corporeal harm because of a number of beliefs about digital technologies. In addition to the persistent partition of online and offline, with offline envisioned as ‘real life,’ I discuss how the widely used metaphor of the Internet as a frontier zone locates it on the edge of or just outside of the reach of the law. In effect, while greater attention to cyberbullying holds the promise of increasing recognition of technology-facilitated violence, there remains a disconnect between the embodied experiences of technology-facilitated violence and legal and social recognition of harm.
Arts, Faculty of
Geography, Department of
Graduate

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Gervassis, Nicholas J. "From contractual serfdom to human rights liberation : doing justice to virtual lives." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/14211.

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Analysis of relationships between states and citizens has almost monopolised the Human Rights legal discourse. In my thesis, I start from the position that Human Rights is a philosophical and historical victory of humankind, whose application cannot be limited to dictating norms in traditional forms of governance; Human Rights primarily define the human being as an individual, as a group, as a societal entity. Therefore, when we discuss Human Rights we do not pursue what governing states 'ought' or 'ought not' to do, but how human beings 'should' endure their lives in a dignified manner; how they should be treated independently of who their acting opponent might be. The Internet, on the other hand, has evolved through the years into an uncharted virtual structure of uncounted online operations and services run by private commercial actors. Within this setting, where the online application platform performs as a land parallel and the private commercial host as the de facto ruler, online identity is mirrored into service accounts. Hence the human being‘s digital existence seems to be depending, to a large degree, on the private initiative – and will. Whilst exploring various relevant themes, the thesis revisits the issue of the application of Human Rights in private relationships through the lenses of online electronic communications and using the example of commercial online virtual worlds. According to my conclusions, a simple projection of the state/citizen model onto ISPs/users relationships does not give sufficient ground for contesting Human Rights within that context. What we need is to deconstruct predominant dogmas in modern Human Rights theory and legislation and to readjust our focus back on the human being and its universal manifestations.

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Yavneh, Jonathan S. "Virtual communities in the law enforcement environment do these systems lead to enhanced organizational memory /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2008. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2008/Dec/08Dec%5FYavneh.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Homeland Security and Defense))--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2008.
Thesis Advisor(s): Bergin, Richard ; Josefek, Robert. "December 2008." Description based on title screen as viewed on February 5, 2009. Includes bibliographical references (p. 69-71). Also available in print.

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Sanchez, Sydney S. "Can Web Sites Incite?: Extending Physical Standards into the Virtual World." Thesis, Boston College, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/1349.

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Thesis advisor: Dale Herbeck
The established standard for incitement articulated in Brandenburg v. Ohio (1969) has developed into a staple of First Amendment law. The Brandenburg standard for incitement works in the real world, but questions have been raised about whether it can be extended into cyberspace. This thesis examines this question through an analysis of threatening web sites such as the Nuremberg Files, and accompanying jurisprudence. The ability of web sites to incite illegal action is undoubtedly compromised by the characteristics that differentiate them from the physical world—What is to be done when laws intended to encompass a much simpler form of expression lose their relevance?
Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2010
Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Communication Honors Program
Discipline: Communication

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Suzor, Nicolas Pierre. "Digital constitutionalism and the role of the rule of law in the governance of virtual communities." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2010. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/37636/1/Nicolas_Suzor_Thesis.pdf.

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This project proposes a new conceptual framework for the regulation of social networks and virtual communities. By applying a model based upon the rule of law, this thesis addresses the growing tensions that revolve around the public use of private networks. This research examines the shortcomings of traditional contractual governance models and cyberlaw theory and provides a reconstituted approach that will allow public constitutional-type interests to be recognised in the interpretation and enforcement of contractual doctrine.

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Книги з теми "Virtual law"

Mitchell, Dale, Ashley Pearson, and Timothy D. Peters. Law, Video Games, Virtual Realities. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003197805.

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Centro de Estudos Judiciários (Brazil. Conselho da Justiça Federal), ed. Biblioteca jurídica virtual. [Brazilia?]: Centro de Estudos Judicários, Conselho da Justiça Federal, 1998.

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Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Instituto de Investigaciones Jurídicas., ed. Biblioteca jurídica virtual. México, D.F: Instituto de Investigaciones Jurídicas de la UNAM, 2001.

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1948-, Gillies Paul S., and Krolik Linsey, eds. Virtual incorporation: A lawyer's guide to the formation of virtual corporations. Chicago: American Bar Association, 2009.

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Echeverría, Jesús Delgado, and José Antonio Serrano García. Biblioteca virtual de derecho aragonés. Zaragoza: Diputación General de Aragón, 2003.

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Cornwell, Patricia Daniels. Acecho virtual. Buenos Aires: Atlántida, 1998.

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Hance, Olivier. The new virtual money: Law and practice. The Hague: Kluwer Law International, 1999.

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Tower-Pierce, Julie. Virtual incorporation: A lawyer's guide to the formation of virtual corporations. Chicago, Ill: ABA Pub./American Bar Association, 2009.

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Tower-Pierce, Julie. Virtual incorporation: A lawyer's guide to the formation of virtual corporations. Chicago, Ill: ABA Pub./American Bar Association, 2009.

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Tower-Pierce, Julie. Virtual incorporation: A lawyer's guide to the formation of virtual corporations. Chicago: American Bar Association, 2009.

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Частини книг з теми "Virtual law"

Lukina, Anna, and Shane Finn. "Law Among Chaos." In Law, Video Games, Virtual Realities, 236–50. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003197805-15.

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Petroski, Karen. "Virtual realities." In Fiction and the Languages of Law, 121–50. New York, NY: Routledge, 2018. | Series: Law, language and communication: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351163842-5.

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Steinicke, Frank. "More and More, and More than Moore’s Law." In Being Really Virtual, 127–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43078-2_8.

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Czerniawska, Fiona, and Gavin Potter. "The Law of Increasing Returns." In Business in a Virtual World, 52–63. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230509337_5.

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Cornelius, Kai. "Responsibility under Criminal Law in Virtual Worlds." In Virtual Worlds and Criminality, 95–119. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20823-2_7.

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Davey, Steffi, and Paul Hancock. "Virtual Reality Technologies." In Serious Games for Enhancing Law Enforcement Agencies, 43–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29926-2_3.

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Bardopoulos, Anne Michèle. "Is the Virtual World Real?" In Law, Governance and Technology Series, 71–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15449-7_8.

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Mitchell, Dale. "Towards a Legal Ludology." In Law, Video Games, Virtual Realities, 31–50. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003197805-3.

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Mitchell, Dale, Ashley Pearson, and Timothy D. Peters. "Introduction." In Law, Video Games, Virtual Realities, 1–28. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003197805-1.

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Hourigan, Daniel. "Emergent Systems." In Law, Video Games, Virtual Realities, 96–110. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003197805-6.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Virtual law"

Rey, William P. "Enhancing Law Enforcement Security: Implementing MABIS Overlay with Virtual Tunnel Interface over IPsec Protocols for Robust Integration." In 2024 7th International Conference on Electronics, Communications, and Control Engineering (ICECC), 87–93. IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icecc63398.2024.00023.

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Fowler, Lee, and Jonathan Rogers. "A Virtual Pilot Algorithm for Synthetic HUMS Data Generation." In Vertical Flight Society 72nd Annual Forum & Technology Display, 1–14. The Vertical Flight Society, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0072-2016-11470.

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Regime recognition is an important tool for creation of usage spectra, component lifetime prediction, and fatigue loads analysis. During development of regime recognition (RR) codes, it is often necessary to establish baseline performance and accuracy of RR algorithms using scripted flight test data. However, various problems arise when using scripted flight test data as "truth" measurements upon which RR code accuracy is based. During scripted flight tests, maneuvers may be imprecisely flown or data may be perturbed by environmental disturbances. An alternative to scripted flight test data lies in simulated, or "synthetic" flight data produced from a flight simulation model. In this case, a maneuver script is flown in simulation and the model outputs are used to build a simulated Health and Usage Monitoring System (HUMS) dataset. An algorithm is needed to generate control inputs in a similar manner to a human pilot so that a maneuver sequence can be flown correctly in simulation. This paper presents a so-called virtual pilot algorithm that generates simulated control inputs for a given maneuver sequence. The virtual pilot receives a maneuver script as input, and streams control inputs to the flight simulator to perform the required maneuvers in an accurate and reliable manner. The virtual pilot proposed here is formulated as a variable structure controller where each maneuver is mapped to a single feedback control law. By switching between feedback laws, different maneuver regimes are flown. A smoothing technique called setpoint tracking bumpless transfer is used to smooth control transitions. Example results show that the virtual pilot can generate realistic synthetic HUMS data for a variety of maneuver sequences. Virtual pilot fidelity is demonstrated through both conformance to the ADS-33 standards for selected Mission Task Elements and comparison to actual HUMS data.

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Ling, Lu, and Wang Lei. "The Virtual Laboratory System on Law Education." In 2009 International Symposium on Intelligent Ubiquitous Computing and Education, IUCE. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iuce.2009.97.

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"THE LAW&ICT SHARED VIRTUAL CAMPUS." In International Conference on Computer Supported Education. SciTePress - Science and and Technology Publications, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0001846501460151.

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Linders, Guido M., and Max M. Louwerse. "Zipf's Law in Human-Machine Dialog." In IVA '20: ACM International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3383652.3423878.

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Hajdaraj, Yzedin. "Harmonized School Management: a Product of Law-based Communication Behavior." In The 3rd Virtual Multidisciplinary Conference. Publishing Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18638/quaesti.2015.3.1.217.

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Hawari, A., C. Manring, and N. Fleming. "Impact of the Graphite Thermal Scattering Law on Criticality Calculations." In 2020 ANS Virtual Winter Meeting. AMNS, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/t123-33479.

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Hawari, A., C. Manring, and T. Ahmed. "Molecular Dynamics and Thermal Scattering Law Analysis of Liquid Hydrogen Fluoride." In 2020 ANS Virtual Winter Meeting. AMNS, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/t123-33474.

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Wang, Ji, Tianlu Mao, Xiyuan Song, Shaohua Liu, Hao Jiang, and Zhaoqi Wang. "Parallel Crowd Simulation Based on Power Law." In 2018 International Conference on Virtual Reality and Visualization (ICVRV). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icvrv.2018.00023.

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Wingfield, Michael A., and Harry Veron. "Collaborative virtual reality for command and control." In Enabling Technologies for Law Enforcement and Security, edited by Edward M. Carapezza and Donald Spector. SPIE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.266726.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Virtual law"

Shawhan, Karl J. Vital Interests, Virtual Threats: Reconciling International Law with Information Warfare and United States Security. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada387690.

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Pavlyuk, Ihor. MEDIACULTURE AS A NECESSARY FACTOR OF THE CONSERVATION, DEVELOPMENT AND TRANSFORMATION OF ETHNIC AND NATIONAL IDENTITY. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.49.11071.

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The article deals with the mental-existential relationship between ethnoculture, national identity and media culture as a necessary factor for their preservation, transformation, on the example of national original algorithms, matrix models, taking into account global tendencies and Ukrainian archetypal-specific features in Ukraine. the media actively serve the domestic oligarchs in their information-virtual and real wars among themselves and the same expansive alien humanitarian acts by curtailing ethno-cultural programs-projects on national radio, on television, in the press, or offering the recipient instead of a pop pointer, without even communicating to the audience the information stipulated in the media laws − information support-protection-development of ethno-culture national product in the domestic and foreign/diaspora mass media, the support of ethnoculture by NGOs and the state institutions themselves. In the context of the study of the cultural national socio-humanitarian space, the article diagnoses and predicts the model of creating and preserving in it the dynamic equilibrium of the ethno-cultural space, in which the nation must remember the struggle for access to information and its primary sources both as an individual and the state as a whole, culture the transfer of information, which in the process of globalization is becoming a paramount commodity, an egregore, and in the post-traumatic, interrupted-compensatory cultural-information space close rehabilitation mechanisms for national identity to become a real factor in strengthening the state − and vice versa in the context of adequate laws («Law about press and other mass media», Law «About printed media (press) in Ukraine», Law «About Information», «Law about Languages», etc.) and their actual effect in creating motivational mechanisms for preserving/protecting the Ukrainian language, as one of the main identifiers of national identity, information support for its expansion as labels cultural and geostrategic areas.

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Kamite, Y., L. Fang, Y. Rekhter, and C. Kodeboniya. Multicast in Virtual Private LAN Service (VPLS). Edited by R. Aggarwal. RFC Editor, February 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc7117.

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Congdon, P., M. Sanchez, and B. Aboba. RADIUS Attributes for Virtual LAN and Priority Support. RFC Editor, September 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc4675.

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Nadeau, T., A. Kiran Koushik, and R. Mediratta, eds. Virtual Private LAN Service (VPLS) Management Information Base. RFC Editor, July 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc7257.

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Нечипуренко, Павло Павлович, та Сергій Олексійович Семеріков. Інтеграція віртуальної хімічної лабораторії Virtual Lab із системою Moodle. КНУБА, травень 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/0564/989.

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При створенні та реалізації електронних освітніх ресурсів (ЕОР) з хімії на основі системи Moodle необхідно ураховувати особливості хімії як науки та як навчального предмету: хімічну мову та хімічний експеримент. У системі Moodle більшість компонентів хімічної мови може бути забезпечена стандартними засобами створення навчальних текстів, інша частина вимагає застосування спеціальних хімічних плагінів. Досвід профільного хімії з використанням Moodle 2.8.5 надає можливість зробити висновок, що існуючих плагінів Moodle достатньою для створення хімічних текстів будь-якої складності. Віртуальний хімічний експеримент у системі Moodle надає можливість: підготуватись до проведення натурного експерименту; змоделювати експеримент, що не може бути проведений у лабораторії з певних причин; забезпечити підтримку профільного навчання хімії за дистанційною формою. Віртуальна хімічна лабораторія Virtual Lab (розробник – ChemCollective, Carnegie Mellon University) має такі основні переваги: вільне поширення (за ліцензією CC-BY-NC-ND); можливість локалізації українською (через додавання мовних записів у файл lang.xml); мобільність (локальне та браузерне виконання аплету vlab.jar). Інтеграція Virtual Lab із системою Moodle виконується на трьох рівнях: 1) фреймова інтеграція лабораторії із сайту http://chemcollective.org; 2) убудовування компонентів аплету Virtual Lab у сторінки навчального курсу, розміщеного у Moodle, кодом: <applet code="irydium.vlab.VLApplet.class" codebase=шлях_до_аплету archive="vlab.jar, logclient.jar, junit.jar" height=висота_аплету width=ширина аплету> <param name="language" value=мова_аплету> <param name="properties" value=шлях_до_файлу_лабораторної_роботи> </applet>; 3) розробка розширення Moodle для роботи з Virtual Lab. Інтеграцію Virtual Lab із системою Moodle на третьому рівні було здійснено шляхом створення фільтру, який замінює локальні та зовнішні посилання на файли лабораторних робіт у форматі .xml на код з другого рівня. Розроблений фільтр має класичну структуру: version.php – визначає мінімальну необхідну версію Moodle; filtersettings.php – визначає доступні налаштування (ширину, висоту та локалізацію аплету); filter.php – визначає клас-нащадок moodle_text_filter з основним методом filter та допоміжною функцією зворотного виклику. Додатково у каталозі lang визначено ряд мовних пакетів. Таким чином, розробка фільтру надала можливість повністю інтегрувати віртуальну хімічну лабораторію Virtual Lab, що активно розвивається, із системою Moodle, що розширює можливості даної системи стосовно підтримки навчального процесу з хімії, а також сприятиме подальшому розвитку і вдосконаленню віртуальної лабораторії Virtual Lab.

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Saavedra Ramírez, Laura Cristina. Procedimiento para la acción de tutela actualizada. Ediciones Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.16925/gcgp.71.

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Este ejercicio académico busca contribuir en la formación de los estudiantes frente a los diversos escenarios en que opera la presentación de acciones de tutela como mecanismo de protección constitucional. Desde su creación hace 30 años la acción de tutela se ha convertido en el mecanismo judicial más utilizado por las personas para lograr la eficaz protección de sus derechos fundamentales recuperándose así la confianza en los operadores judiciales por lo tanto se requiere enriquecer su aspecto técnico y jurídico en los estudiantes. Este documento académico trata de los siguientes temas especializados de la acción de tutela: marco normativo, definición, derechos que se protegen, presupuestos procesales, competencia, caducidad, conflicto de competencias, medidas provisionales, flujograma procedimental y virtual, además de los aspectos novedosos de la acción de tutela contra providencias judiciales y tutela contra tutela. En conclusión, debido a que la acción de tutela se ha convertido en un mecanismo prevalente y a que se usan las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones en las actuaciones judiciales (justicia virtual) en virtud del decreto 806 del 2020, se hace indispensable ofrecer una presentación de la acción de tutela y de sus presupuestos técnicos y procesales requeridos actualmente. Solo así se obtiene una formación integral de los estudiantes y cumplir con la competencia del curso de acciones constitucionales de proponer soluciones a problemas jurídicos para la defensa de los intereses individuales y colectivos a partir de la aplicación del marco constitucional colombiano.

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Galán-Cubillo, Esteban, and Cesáreo Fernández-Fernández. La escenografía virtual en la retransmisión de grandes eventos. Revista Latina de Comunicación Social, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4185/rlcs-66-2011-924-063-078.

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Wada, Y., Y. Serbest, T. Morin, and L. Fang. Requirements for Multicast Support in Virtual Private LAN Services. Edited by Y. Kamite. RFC Editor, March 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc5501.

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