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Moskalev, A. V., V. B. Sboychakov, A. V. Apchel та N. V. Tsygan. "Вiological effects of viroids". Bulletin of the Russian Military Medical Academy 20, № 2 (15 грудня 2018): 209–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/brmma12333.
Possible potential microbial agents of a human which represent by ring highly complementary one-chained ribonucleic acid with an absent of protein coating, as for viruses containing a ribonucleic acid, are characterized. Pathogenic effects of viroids in comparison with viruses and defective viruses are considered. Intimate viroid’s mechanisms on a host cell are described. So viroids do not code any proteins, their action on a plant should be consequence of direct interaction of viroid’s ribonucleic acid and host cell’s contents. However the molecular mechanism by which viroids causes plants’ diseases still remains not completely determined. It is considered, that the first targets of viroid are the nucleic acids and proteins of the host cell. Genomes of some viroids contain areas complementary to some cellular RNA. In connection with it supposed, that disease begins because of inhibition of functions of these cellular ribonucleic acids or their cutting directed viroids by a ribonucleic acid. Pathogenicity of viroids can be also a result of mimicry at a molecular level. Because of features of structure or sequence nucleotides the viroid’s ribonucleic acid can replace by itself some cellular ribonucleic acids. In viroid’s pathogenesis also can be involved and an interference of ribonucleic acids. All this allows to assume, that viroids can become the reason of infectious diseases of the human.
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Hadidi, Ahmed, Liying Sun, and John W. Randles. "Modes of Viroid Transmission." Cells 11, no. 4 (February 18, 2022): 719. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11040719.
Studies on the ways in which viroids are transmitted are important for understanding their epidemiology and for developing effective control measures for viroid diseases. Viroids may be spread via vegetative propagules, mechanical damage, seed, pollen, or biological vectors. Vegetative propagation is the most prevalent mode of spread at the global, national and local level while further dissemination can readily occur by mechanical transmission through crop handling with viroid-contaminated hands or pruning and harvesting tools. The current knowledge of seed and pollen transmission of viroids in different crops is described. Biological vectors shown to transmit viroids include certain insects, parasitic plants, and goats. Under laboratory conditions, viroids were also shown to replicate in and be transmitted by phytopathogenic ascomycete fungi; therefore, fungi possibly serve as biological vectors of viroids in nature. The term “mycoviroids or fungal viroids” has been introduced in order to denote these viroids. Experimentally, known sequence variants of viroids can be transmitted as recombinant infectious cDNA clones or transcripts. In this review, we endeavor to provide a comprehensive overview of the modes of viroid transmission under both natural and experimental situations. A special focus is the key findings which can be applied to the control of viroid diseases.
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Ito, Takao, Hiroyuki Ieki, Katsumi Ozaki, Toru Iwanami, Kenji Nakahara, Tatsuji Hataya, Tsutae Ito, Masahiro Isaka, and Takeshi Kano. "Multiple Citrus Viroids in Citrus from Japan and Their Ability to Produce Exocortis-Like Symptoms in Citron." Phytopathology® 92, no. 5 (May 2002): 542–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.2002.92.5.542.
Sequential polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analyses showed many viroid-like RNAs in samples collected from citrus trees in Japan. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and sequencing analyses of the amplified fragments verified that they were derived from variants of six citrus viroids, Citrus exocortis viroid (CEVd), Citrus bent leaf viroid (CBLVd) including CVd-I-LSS (a distinct variant of CBLVd), Hop stunt viroid, Citrus viroid III, Citrus viroid IV, and Citrus viroid OS. The samples induced symptoms with variable severity in Arizona 861-S1 ‘Etrog’ citrons (Citrus medica L.) likely due to the varying accumulation patterns produced by the different viroids. Some of the symptoms caused by the samples harboring the citrus viroids other than CEVd were as severe as those caused by CEVd. Some source citrus trees showing the severe bark scaling characteristic of exocortis disease in trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.) rootstocks contained only citrus viroids other than CEVd in complex. This indicates that certain exocortis-like diseases in Japan were caused by some combination of citrus viroids not including CEVd.
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Kunta, Madhurababu, J. V. da Graça, and Mani Skaria. "Molecular Detection and Prevalence of Citrus Viroids in Texas." HortScience 42, no. 3 (June 2007): 600–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.42.3.600.
Viroids are graft- or mechanically transmissible agents, disseminated through budding. Biological indexing of commercially important citrus cultivars grown in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas showed that many are infected with citrus viroids. Most of these trees carried more than one viroid. In most cases, the infected trees are asymptomatic carriers because sour orange, the predominant rootstock used in Texas, does not show symptoms of viroid infection. Detection of viroids through biological indexing on sensitive indicator plants followed by sequential polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sPAGE) is the gold standard but is time-consuming and requires plants to be kept at optimum conditions. A conditional use of reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) provides an efficient and alternative detection of viroids for use in the Texas virus-free citrus budwood certification program. RT-PCR could be useful in Texas to help expedite the evaluation for the presence of viroids before conducting the final biologic indexing. Using RT-PCR, we could detect, clone, and sequence full-length viroids of Citrus exocortis viroid (CEVd), Hop stunt viroid (HSVd) (both cachexia and noncachexia variants), Citrus viroid-III (Citrus dwarfing viroid), and Citrus viroid-IV (Citrus bark cracking viroid) from a collection of viroid-inoculated grapefruit plants. The source plants were previously shown to be viroid-infected by biological indexing on Etrog citron plants. Based on our results, RT-PCR can be a conditional substitute for biological indexing of mother trees in foundation blocks and shoot tip-grafted trees in the virus-free budwood program. A positive RT-PCR result has a serendipitous value because those trees can be discarded from the pool before expensive biological indexing.
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Lee, Benjamin D., and Eugene V. Koonin. "Viroids and Viroid-like Circular RNAs: Do They Descend from Primordial Replicators?" Life 12, no. 1 (January 12, 2022): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life12010103.
Viroids are a unique class of plant pathogens that consist of small circular RNA molecules, between 220 and 450 nucleotides in size. Viroids encode no proteins and are the smallest known infectious agents. Viroids replicate via the rolling circle mechanism, producing multimeric intermediates which are cleaved to unit length either by ribozymes formed from both polarities of the viroid genomic RNA or by coopted host RNAses. Many viroid-like small circular RNAs are satellites of plant RNA viruses. Ribozyviruses, represented by human hepatitis delta virus, are larger viroid-like circular RNAs that additionally encode the viral nucleocapsid protein. It has been proposed that viroids are direct descendants of primordial RNA replicons that were present in the hypothetical RNA world. We argue, however, that much later origin of viroids, possibly, from recently discovered mobile genetic elements known as retrozymes, is a far more parsimonious evolutionary scenario. Nevertheless, viroids and viroid-like circular RNAs are minimal replicators that are likely to be close to the theoretical lower limit of replicator size and arguably comprise the paradigm for replicator emergence. Thus, although viroid-like replicators are unlikely to be direct descendants of primordial RNA replicators, the study of the diversity and evolution of these ultimate genetic parasites can yield insights into the earliest stages of the evolution of life.
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Barbosa, C. J., J. A. Pina, J. Pérez-Panadés, L. Bernad, P. Serra, L. Navarro, and N. Duran-Vila. "Mechanical Transmission of Citrus Viroids." Plant Disease 89, no. 7 (July 2005): 749–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-89-0749.
Preliminary transmission assays conducted under greenhouse conditions demonstrated that Citrus exocortis viroid (CEVd), Citrus bent leaf viroid (CBLVd), Hop stunt viroid (HSVd), Citrus viroid III (CVd-III), and Citrus viroid IV (CVd-IV) can be mechanically transmitted from citron to citron (Citrus medica) by a single slash with a knife blade. The impact of mechanical transmission of viroids by pruning and harvesting operations was also demonstrated in experimental and commercial field plots. Transmission efficiency under field conditions ranged from 4% in ‘Nules’ clementine to 10% in ‘Navelina’ sweet orange and 21% in ‘Verna’ lemon. Transmission efficiency varied only slightly with viroid and donor hosts. The impact of viroid transmission on tree height, canopy volume, and crop harvest was minimal. When the donor host was coinfected with several viroids, the viroids were not necessarily cotransmitted. Considerations regarding viroid transmission in other climates are discussed. Measures to control viroid spread in nurseries should be mandatory in certification programs.
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Wei, Shuang, Ruiling Bian, Ida Bagus Andika, Erbo Niu, Qian Liu, Hideki Kondo, Liu Yang, et al. "Symptomatic plant viroid infections in phytopathogenic fungi." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 26 (June 10, 2019): 13042–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1900762116.
Viroids are pathogenic agents that have a small, circular noncoding RNA genome. They have been found only in plant species; therefore, their infectivity and pathogenicity in other organisms remain largely unexplored. In this study, we investigate whether plant viroids can replicate and induce symptoms in filamentous fungi. Seven plant viroids representing viroid groups that replicate in either the nucleus or chloroplast of plant cells were inoculated to three plant pathogenic fungi,Cryphonectria parasitica,Valsa mali, andFusarium graminearum. By transfection of fungal spheroplasts with viroid RNA transcripts, each of the three, hop stunt viroid (HSVd), iresine 1 viroid, and avocado sunblotch viroid, can stably replicate in at least one of those fungi. The viroids are horizontally transmitted through hyphal anastomosis and vertically through conidia. HSVd infection severely debilitates the growth ofV. malibut not that of the other two fungi, while inF. graminearumandC. parasitica, with deletion of dicer-like genes, the primary components of the RNA-silencing pathway, HSVd accumulation increases. We further demonstrate that HSVd can be bidirectionally transferred betweenF. graminearumand plants during infection. The viroids also efficiently infect fungi and induce disease symptoms when the viroid RNAs are exogenously applied to the fungal mycelia. These findings enhance our understanding of viroid replication, host range, and pathogenicity, and of their potential spread to other organisms in nature.
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Lee, Benjamin D., Uri Neri, Caleb J. Oh, Peter Simmonds, and Eugene V. Koonin. "ViroidDB: a database of viroids and viroid-like circular RNAs." Nucleic Acids Research 50, no. D1 (November 9, 2021): D432—D438. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkab974.
Abstract We introduce ViroidDB, a value-added database that attempts to collect all known viroid and viroid-like circular RNA sequences into a single resource. Spanning about 10 000 unique sequences, ViroidDB includes viroids, retroviroid-like elements, small circular satellite RNAs, ribozyviruses, and retrozymes. Each sequence's secondary structure, ribozyme content, and cluster membership are predicted via a custom pipeline optimized for handling circular RNAs. The data can be explored via a purpose-built user interface that features visualizations, multiple sequence alignments, and a portal for downloading bulk data. Users can browse the data by sequence type, taxon, or typo-tolerant search of metadata fields. The database is freely accessible at https://viroids.org.
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Venkataraman, Srividhya, Uzma Badar, Erum Shoeb, Ghyda Hashim, Mounir AbouHaidar, and Kathleen Hefferon. "An Inside Look into Biological Miniatures: Molecular Mechanisms of Viroids." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 6 (March 10, 2021): 2795. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22062795.
Viroids are tiny single-stranded circular RNA pathogens that infect plants. Viroids do not encode any proteins, yet cause an assortment of symptoms. The following review describes viroid classification, molecular biology and spread. The review also discusses viroid pathogenesis, host interactions and detection. The review concludes with a description of future prospects in viroid research.
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SEČNIK, Andrej, Sebastjan RADIŠEK, Nataša ŠTAJNER, and Jernej JAKŠE. "Študij polarnosti verig različnih viroidov in njihovih kombinacij pri okuženih rastlinah hmelja." Acta agriculturae Slovenica 115, no. 1 (March 5, 2020): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.14720/aas.2020.115.1.1319.
<p>Hop plant (<em>Humulus lupulus </em>L.) is an important industrial crop, grown for harvesting hop cones however, it is a host to four different viroids as well. The nature of viroid infections is not entirely clarified. In our work, we focused on analyzing viroid accumulation and their strands polarity through RNA sequencing and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in real time. RNA-seq data indicate that viroids amplify until saturation further demonstrating plant's biological capacity. Negative fold changes in accumulation of individual viroids between hop samples with single and multiple infections are suggesting an antagonistic relationship amongst viroids, where citrus bark cracking viroid seems to be the least and hop stunt viroid the most sensitive to the other two. RNA-seq data also show that on average (−) viroid strand is dominating over (+), especially for the citrus bark cracking viroid. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in real time results from strand polarity analysis seem to be less consistent between different combinations of infection but are showing level of conformity with RNA-seq in the case of citrus bark cracking viroid.</p>
Bonfiglioli, Roderick. "Studies on the ultrastructural localisation of viroids and other plant pathogens." Title page, contents and summary only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phb713.pdf.
Bibliography: leaves 78-90. Designed to localize viroids at the histological and subcellular level and to determine with which cellular compartments the different viroids are associated. The majority of the work, in both the viroid and the phytoplasma studies involved the development of different methods and techniques.
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Taylor, Kathryn, Richard Langham, and Zhongguo Xiong. "Relationship of Viroids to Macrophylla Decline." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/220553.
A physiological characterization has established that vascular changes in Macrophylla decline affected trees are not similar in character to xyloporosis affected trees. In addition, a survey of Macrophylla decline affected citrus did not establish any genetic similarity between Macrophylla decline and xyloporosis. We report diagnosis of either CCV or CEV by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), as well as diagnosis of Macrophylla decline or xyloporosis by Zn-distribution, water conductivity, accumulation of decline- specific proteins and examination of phloem morphology in lemon trees on the Macrophylla rootstock.
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Visvader, Jane Ellen. "Structure and function of citrus exocortis viroid /." Title page, contents and summary only, 1985. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phv834.pdf.
Rakowski, Andrew George. "Molecular aspects of viroid activities /." Title page, contents and summary only, 1992. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phr162.pdf.
Warrilow, David. "Studies on the replication complex of citrus exocortis viroid /." Title page, contents and summary only, 1996. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phw295.pdf.
Keese, Paul Konrad. "Structures of viroids and virusoids and their functional significance." Title page, contents and summary only, 1986. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phk268.pdf.
Wah, Yan Fong Wan Chow. "Viroids in grapevines : transmission via seeds and persistence in meristem-regenerated vines." Title page, contents and summary only, 1996. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phw136.pdf.
Bibliography: leaves 127-152. The aim of this work is to study viroids in grapevines, particularly their vertical transmission via seeds, during meristem culture and micropropagation. There was also an attempt to produce viroid-free vines by shoot apical meristem culture (SAMC).
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Bojic, Teodora. "Host involvement in the replication of potato spindle tuber viroid and the evolutionary relationship between plant viroids and the hepatitis delta virus." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28353.
The present study examines the interaction between host RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) and potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd), with the goal of locating and characterizing a putative RNAP II promoter within the viroid's RNA genome. By using a co-immunoprecipitation approach coupled with deletion and mutational analysis, RNAP II was shown to specifically bind the left terminal hairpin loop of PSTVd(+) RNA. The interaction with RNAP II appears to be dependent on PSTVd secondary structure features, rather than a particular sequence. These findings provide direct evidence of association between RNAP II and PSTVd RNA, and render a unique example of a possible RNA promoter for RNAP II.
The second part of the study examines the evolutionary relationship between viroids and the hepatitis delta virus (HDV), as these pathogens share key structural and functional characteristics. We conclude, based on infection experiments, that HDV and viroids share common strategies and host factors to fulfill their respective life-cycles. We found that both HDV and an HDV mutant lacking the HDAg protein-coding region (miniHDV) can replicate in a plant host. However, miniHDV and PSTVd can replicate in human cells only in the presence of the small delta antigen (HDAg-S). Together, these results provide support for the hypothesis that HDV evolved from a viroid-like element through the capture of a cellular transcript necessary for its adaptation to a human host.
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Forster, Anthony Carlyle. "Self-cleavage of plant pathogenic RNAs." Title page, contents and summary only, 1987. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phf7331.pdf.
Rao, Ayala L. N., Irene Lavagi-Craddock, and Georgios Vidalakis, eds. Viroids. New York, NY: Springer US, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1464-8.
Berberich, Stephen M. The naked intruder: USDA and the discovery of the viroid. Washington, DC?]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 1989.
Centre technique interprofessionnel des fruits et légumes (France). Virus diseases of fruit trees: Diseases due to viroids, viruses, phytoplasmas and other undetermined infectious agents. Paris: CTIFL, 1999.
Kurup, Ravikumar, and Parameswaran Achutha Kurup. The third element: Actinidic archaea, digoxin, and the biological universe. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2011.
Sastry, K. Subramanya. Plant Virus and Viroid Diseases in the Tropics. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6524-5.
Sastry, K. Subramanya, and Thomas A. Zitter. Plant Virus and Viroid Diseases in the Tropics. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7820-7.
Tzanetakis, I., and S. Sabanadzovic. "Fig viruses, viroids and phytoplasmas." In The fig: botany, production and uses, 323–31. Wallingford: CABI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242881.0013.
Abstract This chapter provides information on the symptoms, transmission, molecular and genetic characteristics and detection of some of the most important viruses, viroids and phytoplasmas infecting figs, such as the Fig mosaic virus, Fig badnavirus-1, Fig leaf mottle-associated virus 1, Fig leaf mottle-associated virus 2, Fig mild mottle associated virus, Fig fleck-associated virus, Fig latent virus-1, Fig cryptic virus, Citrus exocortis viroid, Hop stunt viroid, Apple dimple fruit viroid, Phytoplasma asteris and Phytoplasma solani.
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Owens, Robert A. "Viroids." In Plant Virus Evolution, 83–108. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-75763-4_5.
Salazar, L. F., I. Bartolini, and A. Hurtado. "Viroids." In Virus and Virus-like Diseases of Potatoes and Production of Seed-Potatoes, 135–44. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0842-6_16.
Flores, Ricardo, Francesco Di Serio, Beatriz Navarro, Nuria Duran-Vila, and Robert A. Owens. "Viroids and Viroid Diseases of Plants." In Studies in Viral Ecology, 307–42. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118025666.ch12.
Diener, T. O. "Viroids and the nature of viroid diseases*." In 100 Years of Virology, 203–20. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6425-9_15.
Owens, Robert A., and Rosemarie W. Hammond. "Viroid Function." In The Viroids, 167–88. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1855-2_7.
"Tolerance of potato cultivars to potato spindle tuber viroid PSTVd." In Plant Genetics, Genomics, Bioinformatics, and Biotechnology. Novosibirsk ICG SB RAS 2021, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/plantgen2021-093.
De Loera, Jesús A., and Frederick J. Wicklin. "Viro's method disproves Ragsdale's conjecture." In the sixteenth annual symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/336154.336224.
Font San Ambrosio, María Isabel. "VIROSIS EN TOMATE TRANSMITIDAS POR SEMILLA Y SU CONTROL." In I CONGRÉS DE LA TOMACA VALENCIANA: LA TOMACA VALENCIANA DEL PERELLÓ. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/tomaval2017.2017.6524.
Las virosis transmitidas por semilla en el cultivo del tomate crean gran preocupación entre los productores, y son de especial atención en aquellos que se dedican al cultivo de variedades locales donde las semillas se extraen durante la campaña y son empleadas para cultivos posteriores con lo que la infección y dispersión de estos virus es mucho más frecuente. Entre los virus transmitidos por semilla en tomate destacan el virus del mosaico del tomate (ToMV) y el virus del mosaico del pepino dulce (PepMV). Ambos virus se caracterizan por transmitirse, además de por semilla, de manera mecánica fácilmente y son muy estables manteniéndose en los restos del cultivo anterior y en las infraestructuras empleadas durante el manejo del cultivo. Sin embargo, la localización de estos virus en las semillas contaminadas difiere, mientras que PepMV se localiza únicamente de manera superficial, ToMV puede encontrarse además en zonas más internas como en el endospermo. Esto hace que los tratamientos empleados para la desinfección de semillas infectadas con cada uno de estos virus sea distinto: mientras que PepMV puede ser inactivado con tratamientos químicos superficiales, el tratamiento para descontaminar semillas con ToMV debe ser térmico a elevadas temperaturas.
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"Horizontal transfer of potato viroid PSTVd by Phytophthora infestans to and from host plants." In Plant Genetics, Genomics, Bioinformatics, and Biotechnology. Novosibirsk ICG SB RAS 2021, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/plantgen2021-003.
Chang, Ti-Cheng, John Easton, Emilia M. Pinto, Jinghui Zhang, and Gang Wu. "Abstract 4889: Characterizing the viromes in pediatric cancers through whole genome sequencing." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2017; April 1-5, 2017; Washington, DC. American Association for Cancer Research, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2017-4889.
Ivanov, Boris, Bulat Ziganschin, Andrey Dmitriev, Gennady Pikmullin, and Anas Mustafin. "Droplet size of virocide disinfectant liquid from vortex injector sprayer under different operating conditions." In 20th International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Engineering, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/erdev.2021.20.tf122.
FERREIRA, GRAÇA REGINA ARMOND MATIAS, and SANDRA LÚCIA PITA DE OLIVEIRA PEREIRA. "ATIVIDADE GAMIFICADA EM SAÚDE: ENTENDO AS VIROSES E SEUS MÉTODOS DE TRANSMISSÃO E PREVENÇÃO COMO ATIVIDADE LÚDICA NO ENSINO DE CIÊNCIAS E BIOLOGIA." In 23º CIAED Congresso Internacional ABED de Educação a Distância. Associação Brasileira de Educação a Distância ABED, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.17143/ciaed/xxiilciaed.2017.00170.
Oliveira, Carlos Roberto Silva de, FRANCISMARY BARROS DA SILVA, EZILDO FRANCISCO FELINTO FILHO, VITÓRIA RAMOS CRUZ DA SILVA, and MARILÚCIA RIBEIRO AMORIM. "FERRAMENTA CRISPR/CAS9 NO MELHORAMENTO GENÉTICO DE PLANTAS." In I Congresso Nacional de Pesquisas e Estudos Genéticos On-line. Revista Multidisciplinar em Saúde, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51161/geneticon/9133.
Introdução: A ferramenta de edição gênica CRISPR (Repetições Palindrômicas Pequenas Regularmente Espaçadas e Agrupadas) possibilita a inserção, deleção ou substituição de bases em sequências alvos. O diferencial dessa tecnologia é a alta precisão, baixo custo e possibilidade de intervir em diversas bases simultaneamente. Essas vantagens permitem a obtenção de cultivares superiores em um curto prazo de tempo, além da economia em recursos humanos e financeiro. Objetivo: Relatar sobre o que é e informar os ganhos de algumas aplicações da ferramenta CRISPR/Cas9 na edição genética de plantas. Material e Método: Esse trabalho consiste em uma revisão bibliográfica sobre a tecnologia de edição gênica CRISPR/Cas9. Foram selecionados apenas artigos e livros, em diferentes bases de indexação, todos publicados nos últimos dez anos (2012 – 2022), com relatos de edição gênica de plantas mediadas pela proteína nove (Cas9) associada ao sistema CRISPR. As expressões de busca utilizadas foram: ‘edição gênica de plantas’, ‘CRISPR/Cas9’, ‘Sistema CRISPR’, ‘técnica CRISPR’, ‘ferramenta CRISPR/Cas9’, em português e inglês. Resultados: A característica definidora dos loci CRISPR é uma série de repetições diretas (20-50 pares de bases) separadas por sequências espaçadoras exclusivas de comprimento semelhante. A proteína Cas9 é um grande aminoácido de DNA multifuncional que usa uma sequência guia dentro de um duplex de RNA. A partir da utilização da tecnologia CRISPR/Cas9 diversas culturas vegetais de alto valor econômico adquiriram resistência a estresses bióticos e abióticos, como por exemplo, tolerância a viroses e altas temperaturas. Essa ferramenta permite a obtenção de plantas com novos traços úteis, sem a presença de eventos transgênicos. Conclusão: A edição genética direcionada mediada pelo sistema CRISPR/Cas9 permite o aceleramento dos ganhos genéticos em características quantitativas e qualitativas em programas de melhoramento vegetal.
Звіти організацій з теми "Viroids":
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Bar-Joseph, Moshe, and J. S. Semancik. Characterization of Citrus Viroids as Potential Dwarfing Agents of Citrus. United States Department of Agriculture, December 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1992.7600051.bard.
Flores Pedauyé, Ricardo. Viroides: los parásitos extremos. Sociedad Española de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, September 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18567/sebbmdiv_anc.2015.09.1.
Bueno Júnior, César, Maurilo Monteiro Terra, Erasmo José Paioli Pires, Renato Vasconcelos Botelho, Mara Fernandes Moura, Marco Antonio Tecchio, and Jorge Manuel Esteves Carvalho Sofia. Doenças e pragas em videiras. Instituto Biológico, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31368/2594-6080b33002022.
O boletim sobre “DOENÇAS E PRAGAS EM VIDEIRAS”, elaborado por especialistas de universidades e de institutos de pesquisa, apresenta informações atualizadas sobre doenças causadas por fungos, bactérias, vírus, viroides e nematoides e ainda dos ácaros fitófagos. Trata-se de publicação ricamente ilustrada, podendo auxiliar o viticultor e demais interessados no reconhecimento dos principais problemas fitossanitários da videira no próprio campo, bem como relato de medidas de manejo para minimizar estes problemas. Esperamos que o boletim seja uma contribuição efetivamente útil àqueles envolvidos na vitivinicultura, a fim de reduzir as perdas e assegurar bons rendimentos e qualidade das uvas colhidas
