Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Viral tracings"

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Статті в журналах з теми "Viral tracings"

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El-Gohary, Yousef, John Wiersch, Sidhartha Tulachan, Xiangwei Xiao, Ping Guo, Christopher Rymer, Shane Fischbach, et al. "Intraislet Pancreatic Ducts Can Give Rise to Insulin-Positive Cells." Endocrinology 157, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 166–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2015-1175.

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Abstract A key question in diabetes research is whether new β-cells can be derived from endogenous, nonendocrine cells. The potential for pancreatic ductal cells to convert into β-cells is a highly debated issue. To date, it remains unclear what anatomical process would result in duct-derived cells coming to exist within preexisting islets. We used a whole-mount technique to directly visualize the pancreatic ductal network in young wild-type mice, young humans, and wild-type and transgenic mice after partial pancreatectomy. Pancreatic ductal networks, originating from the main ductal tree, were found to reside deep within islets in young mice and humans but not in mature mice or humans. These networks were also not present in normal adult mice after partial pancreatectomy, but TGF-β receptor mutant mice demonstrated formation of these intraislet duct structures after partial pancreatectomy. Genetic and viral lineage tracings were used to determine whether endocrine cells were derived from pancreatic ducts. Lineage tracing confirmed that pancreatic ductal cells can typically convert into new β-cells in normal young developing mice as well as in adult TGF-β signaling mutant mice after partial pancreatectomy. Here the direct visual evidence of ducts growing into islets, along with lineage tracing, not only represents strong evidence for duct cells giving rise to β-cells in the postnatal pancreas but also importantly implicates TGF-β signaling in this process.
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2

Toma, Letitia, Adriana Mercan Stanciu, Anca Zgura, Nicolae Bacalbasa, Camelia Diaconu, and Laura Iliescu. "Electrocardiographic Changes in Liver Cirrhosis—Clues for Cirrhotic Cardiomyopathy." Medicina 56, no. 2 (February 10, 2020): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina56020068.

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Background and Objectives: Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy is a chronic cardiac dysfunction associated with liver cirrhosis, in patients without previous heart disease, irrespective of the etiology of cirrhosis. Electrocardiography (ECG) is an important way to evaluate patients with cirrhosis and may reveal significant changes associated with liver disease. Our study aimed to evaluate ECG changes in patients with diagnosed liver cirrhosis and compare them to patients with chronic hepatitis. Materials and Methods: We evaluated laboratory findings and ECG tracings in 63 patients with cirrhosis and 54 patients with chronic hepatitis of viral etiology. The end points of the study were prolonged QT interval, QRS hypovoltage and T-peak-to-T-end decrease. We confirmed the diagnosis of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy using echocardiography data. Results: Advanced liver disease was associated with prolonged QT intervals. Also, QRS amplitude was lower in patients with decompensated cirrhosis than in patients with compensated liver disease. We found an accentuated deceleration of the T wave in patients with cirrhosis. These findings correlated to serum levels of albumin, cholesterol and ammonia. Conclusions: ECG changes in liver cirrhosis are frequently encountered and are important noninvasive markers for the presence of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy.
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3

Jansen, A., and A. Loewy. "Viral tracing of innervation." Science 265, no. 5168 (July 1, 1994): 121–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.8016646.

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Bevins, Sarah. "Tracing the Viral Network." BioScience 65, no. 11 (August 5, 2015): 1100–1101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biv113.

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Ugolini, Gabriella. "Advances in viral transneuronal tracing." Journal of Neuroscience Methods 194, no. 1 (December 2010): 2–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jneumeth.2009.12.001.

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6

Standish, Amelia, Lynn W. Enquist, and James S. Schwaber. "Response : Viral Tracing of Innervation." Science 265, no. 5168 (July 1994): 121–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.265.5168.121.b.

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Standish, Amelia, Lynn W. Enquist, and James S. Schwaber. "Response : Viral Tracing of Innervation." Science 265, no. 5168 (July 1994): 121–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.265.5168.121-b.

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Farnell, Elin, Shawn Farnell, Jen-Mei Chang, Madison Hoffman, Robin Belton, Kathryn Keaty, Sanford Lederman, and Carolyn Salafia. "A shape-context model for matching placental chorionic surface vascular networks." Image Analysis & Stereology 37, no. 1 (April 12, 2018): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5566/ias.1708.

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Placental chorionic surface vascular networks (PCSVNs) are essential high-capacitance, low-resistance distribution and drainage networks, and are hence important to placental function and to fetal and newborn health. It was hypothesized that variations in the PCSVN structure may reflect both the overall effects of genetic and environmentally regulated variations in branching morphogenesis within the conceptus and the fetus’s vital organs. A critical step in PCSVN analysis is the extraction of blood vessel structure, which has only been done manually through a laborious process, making studies in large cohorts and applications in clinical settings nearly impossible. The large variation in the shape, color, and texture of the placenta presents significant challenges to both machine and human to accurately extract PCSVNs. To increase the visibility of the vessels, colored paint can be injected into the vascular networks of placentas, allowing PCSVNs to be manually traced with a high level of accuracy.This paper provides a proof-of-concept study to explain the geometric differences between manual tracings of paint-injected and un-manipulated PCSVNs under the framework of a shape-context model. Under this framework, paint-injected and un-manipulated tracings of PCSVNs can be matched with nearly 100% accuracy. The implication of our results is that the manual tracing protocol yields faithful PCSVN representations modulo a set of affine transformations, making manual tracing a reliable method for studying PCSVNs. Our work provides assurance to a new pre-processing approach for studying vascular networks by ways of dye-injection in medical imaging problems.
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Larsen, Philip Just. "Tracing autonomic innervation of the rat pineal gland using viral transneuronal tracing." Microscopy Research and Technique 46, no. 4-5 (August 15, 1999): 296–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0029(19990815/01)46:4/5<296::aid-jemt6>3.0.co;2-c.

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Lanciego, Jose L., and Floris G. Wouterlood. "Neuroanatomical tract-tracing techniques that did go viral." Brain Structure and Function 225, no. 4 (February 15, 2020): 1193–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00429-020-02041-6.

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Дисертації з теми "Viral tracings"

1

Beier, Kevin. "Viral Tracing of Neuronal Circuitry." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10241.

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To understand how the nervous system processes information, a map of the connections among neurons is essential. Viral transsynaptic transmission has gained popularity as a method for labeling neural circuits. In particular, the development of retrograde monosynaptic tracing vectors has enabled visualization of the pre-synaptic inputs onto defined sets of postsynaptic neurons. This system utilized the rabies virus (RABV), in which the glycoprotein gene in the virus was deleted, and re-supplied in trans. In order to build alternative, more flexible tracers, we made recombinant VSV genomes, first developing the use of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) for tracing neuronal connections. Viruses encoding several different fluorescent proteins were made, giving brilliantly labeled neurons, bright enough for live imaging and characterization of the detailed morphologies of cells. Expression was very rapid, facilitating identification of neurons both in vivo and in ex vivo applications. In addition, the use of an avian glycoprotein (ASLV-A) allowed specific targeting to cells expressing an avian glycoprotein receptor (TVA). This allowed monosynaptic tracing from defined starter cells. In order to alter the direction and cell type specificity of transmission, we then fitted VSV with a glycoprotein from one of multiple other viruses. Glycoproteins such as the rabies virus glycoprotein (RABV-G) endowed VSV with the ability to spread in a retrograde transsynaptic pattern, while the glycoproteins from viruses such as the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) gave an anterograde pattern of transsynaptic spread. This anterograde or retrograde spread was observed in all species tested, and even for other non-VSV viruses, such as lentiviruses. We also developed transsynaptic tracing viruses which direct viral spread between defined cell types, instead of from a defined cell type to any upstream of downstream cell. In all, we developed an extensive transsynaptic tracing repertoire for tracing neuronal connections.
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2

Baba, Aïssa Hind. "Anatomie et physiologie des voies de sortie du cervelet chez le rongeur." Thesis, Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPSLE018.

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Une acquisition sensorielle et une perception précises sont des éléments clés de la survie. Bien que de nombreux paramètres sous-jacents au traitement des informations sensorielles soient connus, plusieurs aspects sont encore mal compris, comme la contribution exacte de chaque structure cérébrale. Ici, nous analysons la contribution cérébelleuse au traitement sensoriel dans le système des vibrisses de la souris. Nous identifions une projection anatomique et physiologique disynaptique des noyaux cérébelleux vers le cortex sensoriel primaire, impliquant notamment le thalamus postérieur médian (POm). La modulation de cette projection cérébelleuse et thalamique de type "driver" induit un déficit dans une tâche de discrimination sensorielle fine, et sa co-activation avec des entrées périphériques induit le recrutement accru des projections du POm dans la couche I du cortex sensoriel. Dans leur ensemble, nos résultats montrent que le cervelet cible aussi des zones corticales non motrices et peut directement moduler le traitement sensoriel par l'intermédiaire d'un noyau thalamique d'ordre élevé, le POm
Accurate sensory acquisition and perception are key features to survival. Though many parameters underlying the processing of sensory information is known, several aspects are still poorly understood, such as the exact contribution of each cerebral structure. Here, we analyze the cerebellar contribution to sensory processing in the mouse whisker system. We identify an anatomical and physiological disynaptic projection from the cerebellar nuclei to the primary sensory cortex, involving notably by the posterior medial thalamus (POm). The modulation of this strong driver-like cerebello-thalamic projection induces an impairment in a fine sensory discrimination task, and its co-activation along with peripheral inputs induces the increased recruitment of POm projections to layer I of sensory cortex. Taken together, our results show that the cerebellum targets non-motor cortical areas and can directly modulate sensory processing through a higher order thalamic nucleus, the POm
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3

Haberl, Matthias. "Studying Neuronal Connectivity in the Mouse Brain in Normal Condition and Fragile X Syndrome." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0480/document.

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Le but de ce travail est l'étude de la connectivité anatomique et fonctionnelle desréseaux neuronaux et le développement des nouveaux outils à cet effet. Car le dernieraspect est une préoccupation majeure de la neuroscience actuelle, nous avonsdeveloppé d'abord un nouveau traceur virale permettant la reconstruction neuronale.Nous avons ensuite appliqué cet et d'autres techniques pour sonder les défauts deconnectivité neuronale dans le syndrome de l'X fragile.Dans la première partie, nous avons discuté les avantages et inconvénients d'unetechnique émergente en utilisant un nouveau type de vecteur viral qui permet uneunique application pour l’étude du cerveau.Dans la deuxième partie, nous avons développé, au départ de ce vecteur viral, unenouvelle variante de faciliter le traçage et reconstruction des caractéristiquesmorphologiques de neurones. Nous avons montré la force de cette varianteantérograde du virus de la rage recombinant glycoprotéine supprimé pour lareconstruction de calcul de toutes les caractéristiques morphologiques clés deneurones: les dendrites, épines, les axones longs envergure dans tous les terminaux ducerveau et les boutons.Dans la troisième partie, nous avons examiné les modifications dans la connectivitédes structures cérébrales dans le syndrome du X fragile (FXS). FXS est le retardmental héréditaire la plus fréquente et la forme génétique la plus fréquente del'autisme, ce qui conduit à l'apprentissage et de la mémoire des déficits, lescomportements répétitifs, des convulsions et une hypersensibilité à des stimulisensoriels (visuels). Une des hypothèses éminents dans le domaine de l'autismesuppose une phénotype de hyper-connectivité locale mais de hypo-connectivité pourles connexions longue portée. Pour tester cette hypothèse dans un modèle de sourisFXS nous avons utilisé l'imagerie par résonance magnétique, pour balayer la totalitédu cerveau et de mesurer la connectivité anatomique et fonctionnel. Cela nous apermis d'identifier des altérations de connectivité dans plusieurs domains. Après nous8avons utilisé des traceurs viraux pour explorer un de ceux domains plus detaillé. Enutilisant le virus de la rage rétrograde à quantifier le nombre de neurones projetantvers ces zones, nous avons confirmé une connectivité d'entrée modifié pour le cortexvisuel primaire, ce qui pourrait contribuer au traitement visuel altéré de l'information.Nous avons découvert une connectivité réduite à longue portée globale anatomique etfonctionnelle entre plusieurs régions du cerveau, l'identification FXS comme unepathologie de la connectivité neuronale, ce qui pourrait expliquer les difficultés deplusieurs stratégies de sauvetage visant des cibles moléculaires sont actuellementconfrontés
The goal of this work was the investigation of the anatomical and functionalconnectivity of neuronal networks and the development of novel tools for thispurpose. Since the latter aspect is a major focus of current neuroscience, we firstsought a novel viral tracer enabling sparse neuronal reconstruction and neuronclassification. We then applied this and other techniques to probe neuronalconnectivity defects in Fragile X Syndrome.In the first part we discussed the merits and drawbacks of a emergingtechnique using a new type of viral vector that allows in a unique manner mapping ofthe input of a given brain area.In the second part we developed, departing from this viral vector, a newvariant to facilitate the tracing and reconstructing of morphologic features of neurons.We showed the strength of this anterograde variant of the recombinant glycoproteindeletedrabies virus for computational reconstruction of all key morphologicalfeatures of neurons: dendrites, spines, long-ranging axons throughout the brain andbouton terminals.In the third part we examined alterations in the wiring of brain structures inthe Fragile X Syndrome (FXS). FXS is the most common inherited mental retardationand most frequent genetic form of autism, leading to learning and memory deficits,repetitive behavior, seizures and hypersensitivity to sensory (e.g. visual) stimuli. Oneof the eminent hypotheses in the autism field assumes a local hyper- connectivityphenotype but hypo-connectivity for long-ranging connections. To test this hypothesisin a FXS mouse model we used magnetic resonance imaging, to scan the entire brainand measure the anatomical and functional connectivity. This allowed us to identifyconnectivity alterations in several areas that we further explored using viral tracers.Using retrograde rabies virus to count the number of neurons projecting to such areaswe confirmed an altered input connectivity to the primary visual cortex, which couldcontribute to the altered visual information processing. We discovered an overallreduced anatomical and functional long-range connectivity between several brainareas, identifying FXS as pathology of neuronal connectivity, which might explain thedifficulties several rescue strategies aiming at molecular targets are currently facing
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Keefe, Kathleen Mary. "In Vivo Visualization of Neural Pathways in the Rat Spinal Cord Using Viral Tracing." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2018. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/521830.

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Neuroscience
Ph.D.
Much of our understanding of the fascinating complexity of neuronal circuits comes from anatomical tracing studies that use dyes or fluorescent markers to highlight pathways that run through the brain and spinal cord. Viral vectors have been utilized by many previous groups as tools to highlight pathways or deliver transgenes to neuronal populations to stimulate growth after injury. In a series of studies, we explore anterograde and retrograde tracing with viral vectors to trace spinal pathways and explore their contribution to behavior in a rodent model. In a separate study, we explore the effect of stimulating intrinsic growth programs on regrowth of corticospinal tract (CST) axons after contusive injury. In the first study, we use self-complimentary adeno associated viral (scAAV) vectors to trace long descending tracts in the spinal cord. We demonstrate clear and bright labeling of cortico-, rubro- and reticulospinal pathways without the need for IH, and show that scAAV vectors transduce more efficiently than single stranded AAV (ssAAV) in neurons of both injured and uninjured animals. This study demonstrates the usefulness of these tracers in highlighting pathways descending from the brain. Retrograde tracing is also a key facet of neuroanatomical studies involving long distance projection neurons. In the next study, we highlight a lentivirus that permits highly efficient retrograde transport (HiRet) from synaptic terminals within the cervical and lumbar enlargements of the spinal cord. By injecting HiRet, we can clearly identify supraspinal and propriospinal circuits innervating MN pools relating to forelimb and hindlimb function. We observed robust labeling of propriospinal neurons, including high fidelity details of dendritic arbors and axon terminals seldom seen with chemical tracers. In addition, we examine changes in interneuronal circuits occurring after a thoracic contusion, highlighting populations that potentially contribute to spontaneous behavioral recovery in this lesion model. In a related study, we use a modified version of HiRet as part of a multi-vector system that synaptically silences neurons to explore the contribution of the rubrospinal tract (RST) and CST to forelimb motor behavior in an intact rat. This system employs Tetanus toxin at the neuronal synapse to prevent release of neurotransmitter via cleavage of vesicle docking proteins, effectively preventing the propagation of action potentials in those neurons. We find that shutdown of the RST has no effect on gross forelimb motor function in the intact state, and that shutdown of a small population of CST neurons in the FMC has a modest effect on grip strength. These studies demonstrate that the HiRet lentivirus is a unique tool for examining neuronal circuitry and its contribution to function. In the final study, we explore stimulation of the Phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Rac-alpha serine/threonine Protein Kinase (PI3K/AKT) growth pathway by antagonizing phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), a major inhibitor, to encourage growth of CST axons after a contusive injury. We use systemic infusions of four distinct PTEN antagonist peptides (PAPs) targeted at different sites of the PTEN protein. We find robust axonal growth and sprouting caudal to a contusion in a subset of animals infused with PAPs targeted to the PTEN enzymatic pocket, including typical morphology of growing axons. Serotonergic fiber growth was unaffected by peptide infusion and did not correlate with CST fiber density. Though some variability was seen in the amount of growth within our animal groups, we find these PTEN antagonist peptides a promising and clinically relevant tool to encourage CST sprouting, and a potentially useful addition to therapies using combinatory strategies to enhance growth. These studies demonstrate that viral tracing is a powerful tool for mapping spinal pathways and elucidating their ability to reform spinal circuits after injury. Viral vectors can be used in both anterograde and retrograde tracing studies to highlight intricacies of neuronal cell bodies, axons and dendritic arbors with a high degree of fidelity. In the injured state, these tools can help identify pathways that contribute to spontaneous recovery of function by highlighting those that reform circuits past an injury site. In the uninjured state, these vectors can contain neuronal silencing methods that help define the contribution of specific pathways to behavior.
Temple University--Theses
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5

DeBlander, Leah. "Analysis of active neural circuits and synaptic mechanisms of memory." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/23906.

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One feature of the brain is that different parts of it respond to different stimuli. This means not all brain regions or neurons within those regions are active at a given moment. This feature of the brain gives it the ability to encode and store a wide range of stimuli that are then used to make predictions about a changing external environment. Activation of non-overlapping neural populations is fundamental to the ability to encode a wide range of stimuli to represent a changing environment. To examine the limits of this idea we used genetic tools to label active cell populations following a neutral stimulus presentation or a learned negative association with the same stimulus. The study examined the degree of similarity between these active populations by comparing key features of the active neurons including gene expression and monosynaptic inputs. Another feature of the brain is its ability to store information. In a neural population recently activated by a salient stimulus, molecular processes occur that result in the formation and maintenance of a memory. Collectively these processes are referred to as plasticity, and act on short and long time scales to strengthen the connections between active neurons and weaken the connections between inactive ones. Plasticity processes are not only necessary for the formation and storage of memories but also for wiring up the nervous system during development. A molecule called ZIP has been shown to erase memories months after formation and specifically affects plasticity on longer time scales. However, the effects of ZIP on the developing brain are not well understood and difficult to study using ZIP’s typical delivery method of injection into the brain. To facilitate a developmental study of ZIP’s effects, we made a genetic tool that can specify where and when ZIP is delivered to the brain. Results of the study indicated that males were particularly vulnerable to ZIP during early development while females were unaffected. Together these results provide insight into the limits of information coding potential at the anatomical level and reveal a fundamental difference in plasticity processes in males and females.
10000-01-01
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6

Tanabe, Soshi. "Developing novel techniques for primate neural network analyses by retrograde gene transfer with viral vectors." Kyoto University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/253133.

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Liu, Yang. "Neural Crosstalk Between Sympathetic Nervous System and Sensory Circuits to Brown Adipose Tissue." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2013. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/biology_theses/44.

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Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a critical organ for non-shivering thermogenesis, which is under control of both sympathetic and sensory neural innervation. We utilized both a retrograde sympathetic nerve tract tracer pseudorabies virus and an anterograde sensory tract tracer the H129 strain of herpes simplex virus-1 to locate individual neurons across the neuroaxis that are part of the SNS outflow from brain to interscapular BAT and are part of the sensory input to the brain. We found specific neuronal phenotype of the double-infected neurons distributed from the hindbrain to the forebrain with highest densities in several discrete brain regions: the paraventricular hypothalamus (PVH), lateral hypothalamus (LHA), parabrachial nucleus (PB) and raphe pallidus (RPa). The neuroanatomical reality of the SNS-sensory feedback loops suggests coordinated control of BAT thermogenesis at several sites and indicates plasticity of SNS-sensory crosstalk.
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Prevosto, Vincent. "Sensorimotor encoding in the primate posterior parietal cortex : electrophysiological and retrograde transneuronal tracing studies." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066225.

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A l’interface des systèmes sensoriels et moteurs, le cortex pariétal postérieur génère des représentations stables de l’espace, et contribue au guidage des mouvements corporels. Nous avons exploré les aires intraparietales médiale (MIP), latérale (LIP) et ventrale (VIP) par électrophysiologie et traçage transneuronal rétrograde. Nous démontrons que les informations vestibulaires de mouvement propre dans MIP viennent directement, par trois synapses, du labyrinthe. Nous décrivons aussi des bases neurales des signaux de position et de mouvement oculaire dans LIP et MIP. Dans VIP, nous montrons que les signaux de position de tête permettent un codage de l’espace centré sur le corps. Enfin, nous dévoilons l’organisation complète des entrées cérébelleuses, nucléaires et corticales, sur MIP, et nucléaires sur LIP. Ces travaux sont un progrès vers la compréhension de la dynamique des représentations spatiales, du mouvement propre et du guidage moteur dans le cortex pariétal postérieur.
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Kuramoto, Eriko. "Two types of thalamocortical projections from the motor thalamic nuclei of the rat: a single neuron tracing study using viral vectors." Kyoto University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/124305.

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Nakamura, Hisashi. "Different cortical projections from three subdivisions of the rat lateral posterior thalamic nucleus: a single neuron tracing study with viral vectors." Kyoto University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/216156.

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Final publication is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ejn.12882
Kyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・論文博士
博士(医学)
乙第13040号
論医博第2115号
新制||医||1017(附属図書館)
33032
京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻
(主査)教授 渡邉 大, 教授 影山 龍一郎, 教授 髙橋 良輔
学位規則第4条第2項該当
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Книги з теми "Viral tracings"

1

Viral Voyages: Tracing AIDS in Latin America. Palgrave Macmillan, 2014.

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2

Meruane, Lina. Viral Voyages: Tracing AIDS in Latin America. Palgrave Macmillan, 2014.

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3

Rosenberg, Andrea, and L. Meruane. Viral Voyages: Tracing AIDS in Latin America. Palgrave Macmillan Limited, 2014.

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4

Viral Voyages Tracing Aids In Latin America. Palgrave Macmillan, 2014.

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5

Rigg, Diane. Visitor Log Book: A Visitors Book Serves Many Purposes Including Recording Mobile Phones for Vital Contact Tracing. Independently Published, 2021.

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6

Crooks, Levinia, and Basil Donovan. Australasian Contact Tracing Manual: A Practical Handbook for Health Care Providers Managing People with HIV, Viral Hepatitis, Other STI's and HIV-Related Tuberculosis. Australasian Society for HIV, Viral Hepatitis and Sexual Health Medicine (ASHM), 2002.

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7

Prior, Charles W. A. Early Stuart Controversy. Edited by Andrew Hiscock and Helen Wilcox. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199672806.013.6.

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The literature of religious controversy that appeared between 1603 and 1642 was concerned with much more than debates on predestinarian theology. Instead, it should be seen as a vital conduit for the discussion of one of the most powerful legacies of the English Reformation: the relationship of church and state. Chapter 5 explores this theme by indicating how the reformation process generated political questions on the nature of power over and outside of the Church, before tracing prominent themes in the controversial literature of the Jacobean and Caroline Churches. The chapter argues that religious controversy drove the process of state-formation in the British Atlantic world, and fed into debates on liberty, toleration, and freedom of conscience.
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Nederman, Cary J. 9. Marsiglio of Padua. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hepl/9780198708926.003.0009.

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This chapter examines Marsiglio of Padua's political theory, tracing it to his opposition to the pope's interference in secular political affairs, especially Italy and the Holy Roman Empire. Marsiglio formulates theoretical principles to explain the origins and nature of the political community that depend upon a strict distinction between the temporal and spiritual realms. For Marsiglio, government and law exist in order to support the civil peace. After providing a short biography of Marsiglio, the chapter analyses his views on peace, conciliarism, consent, and ecclesiology. It also considers Marsiglio's claim that all secular governments should oppose the ecclesiastical hierarchy, that political society arises from infirmities of human nature, and that citizenship derives from all vital functions in society.
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Kelleher, Richard. Old Money, New Methods. Edited by Christopher Gerrard and Alejandra Gutiérrez. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198744719.013.23.

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This chapter discusses the relationship between numismatics and archaeology in the later medieval period. It begins by tracing the beginning of the serious study of medieval coins in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries and discusses the estranged relationship between the disciplines of archaeology and numismatics into the modern period. It demonstrates the vital role that coin hoards have played in the study of the monetary economy of medieval England and Wales and the growth of numismatics as a discipline. However, the emergence of single find evidence (principally metal-detector finds recorded with the Portable Antiquities Scheme) provides us with a new dataset that has the potential to rewrite what we can say about monetization, especially in rural contexts. Imported coins and those used as jewellery or as votive objects are discussed.
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VanCour, Shawn. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190497118.003.0007.

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Reflecting on the forms of mediamaking discussed in preceding chapters, the conclusion assesses their continued relevance for contemporary sound culture and lays out guiding principles for future scholarship. Mediamaking, it argues, entails not only the development of dominant production practices but also the professionalization and legitimation of media labor, playing a vital role in shaping new technologies. Although shifts in radio technologies, industries, content, and audiences have yielded corresponding changes in mediamaking practices throughout the past century, foundational strategies developed by radio workers during the prenetwork era have shown surprising longevity and continue to inform key dimensions of contemporary soundwork. In tracing these transformations in future histories, scholars will need to show continued consideration of more institutionally specific pressures and demands but will reap continued rewards from cultivating transmedia perspectives that connect these developments to larger shifts in period sound cultures.
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Частини книг з теми "Viral tracings"

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Haberl, Matthias G., Melanie Ginger, and Andreas Frick. "Dual Anterograde and Retrograde Viral Tracing of Reciprocal Connectivity." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 321–40. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6688-2_21.

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2

Ugolini, Gabriella. "Transneuronal Tracing with Alpha-herpesviruses." In Viral Vectors, 293–317. Elsevier, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-012397570-6/50019-8.

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Mettenleiter, Thomas C. "Molecular Properties of Alphaherpesviruses Used in Transneuronal Pathway Tracing." In Viral Vectors, 367–93. Elsevier, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-012397570-6/50022-8.

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Siu, Helen F. "Social Responsibility and Self-Expression." In Tracing China. Hong Kong University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5790/hongkong/9789888083732.003.0012.

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Both intellectuals and peasants have played vital roles in the political arena of 20th-century China. The short stories that follow focus on peasant life and were written by leading literary figures from the 1930s to the 1980s. In my introduction to each part, I try to point to the structure of values that guided intellectual thought and actions and to demonstrate the cultural mechanisms that tied writers to subjects in a political order rapidly being transformed by their often unintended efforts.
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5

Oraby, Tamer, Michael G. Tyshenko, and Samit Bhattacharyya. "Human Cultural Dimensions and Behavior during COVID-19 Can Lead to Policy Resistance and Economic Losses: A Perspective from Game Theory Analysis." In Viral Outbreaks [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96689.

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The recent COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant societal impacts. Besides loss of life there were large additional costs incurred by every country including the treatment of patients and costs to implement response plans. The pandemic resulted in major economic disruptions and stalled growth worldwide due to travel bans, lockdowns, social distancing, and non-essential business closures. Public health officials in almost every country implemented and encouraged Nonpharmaceutical Interventions (NPIs) such as contact tracing, social distancing, masks, and isolation. Human behavioral decision-making concerning social isolation was a major hindrance to the success in curbing the pandemic worldwide. In many developing countries individuals’ choices were motivated by the competing risk of losing jobs, and daily income. In this chapter we focus on human behavior concerning social isolation in the context of decision-making during the pandemic. We developed a conceptual framework and deterministic model that integrated evolutionary game theory within our disease transmission model. We illustrate scenarios numerically simulating the model. This study highlights the idea that human behavior is an important component in successful disease control strategies. Economic resilience, especially in low-income countries, can improve public understanding and uptake of NPIs.
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6

Weka, Rebecca, Dauda Bwala, Yinka Adedeji, Isioma Ifende, Anvou Davou, Ndudim Ogo, and Pam Luka. "Tracing the Domestic Pigs in Africa." In Tracing the Domestic Pig [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95077.

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Pigs are vital to the economy and critical in meeting the ever increasing demand for livestock and livestock products in most parts of the world. Pig is one of the oldest domesticated animals, though their ancestory is still shrouded in controversy due to lack of sufficient archaeological and genetic information. However, most of the breeds are thought to have descended from the Eurasian Wild Boar (Sus scrofa). This chapter will therefore look at the African pig under the following headings: Introduction, origin of pigs – genetic and historical/archaeological evidences, pig breeds in Africa, economic importance of pig production in Africa, marketing of pigs in Africa, herd health management of pigs in Africa, and challenges affecting pig production in Africa.
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Boyden, Jo, Andrew Dawes, Paul Dornan, and Colin Tredoux. "Middle childhood: A key time for healthy development and learning." In Tracing the Consequences of Child Poverty, 73–100. Policy Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447348313.003.0005.

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This chapter examines middle childhood. Skills and values developed during middle childhood build on foundations established in early childhood and set the stage for adolescence. Thus, it is vital that the momentum established in the early years is sustained through this important life phase. Young Lives evidence shows that children's growth trajectories are more dynamic during middle childhood than is often recognised. This finding suggests a wider policy opportunity. The evidence from systematic reviews points to the importance of measures such as social protection, which has been shown to increase livelihood security. With near-universal access to school during middle childhood, midday meals and other nutrition programmes in schools may also help support children's growth. Moreover, the focus on strengthened education and learning quality is especially important for the early grades, given that early performance in key areas such as literacy and numeracy lays the foundation for later educational performance.
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Isa, Abdullahi, and Barka Piyinkir Ndahi. "The Power of Computational Intelligence Methods in the Containment of COVID-19 Pandemic from Detection to Recovery." In Current Perspectives on Viral Disease Outbreaks - Epidemiology, Detection and Control. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.98931.

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The coronavirus disease (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has caused unprecedented economic crises, and changes in our lifestyle to different things that we have not experienced before in this century, which cause by movement restriction order by the authority to halt the spread of the disease around the globe. Researchers around the globe applied computational intelligence methods in numerous fields which exhibits a successful story. The computational intelligence methods play an important role in dealing with coronavirus pandemics. This research will focus on the use of computational intelligence methods in understanding the infection, accelerating drugs and treatments research, detecting, diagnosis, and predicting the virus, surveillance, and contact tracing to prevent or slow the virus from the spread, monitoring the recovery of the infected individuals. This study points out promising CI techniques utilized as an adjunct along with the current methods used in containments of COVID-19. It is imagined that this study will give CI researchers and the wider community an outline of the current status of CI applications and motivate CI researchers in harnessing CI technique possibilities in the battle against COVID-19.
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Sarkar, Bidisa, and Kamalesh Sarkar. "Control of an Epidemic of SARS-CoV-2 by Assessing Transmissibility of Its Infected Cases in Absence of a Suitable Vaccine." In Biotechnology to Combat COVID-19 [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96201.

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SARS-CoV-2 or Covid 19 and it’s pandemicity has been wreaking havoc in many countries worldwide. It is important to counter and contain the spread of Covid-19 using some effective infection control policies as we await an effective protection such as vaccine. Ahmedabad Model of Covid-19 Control could be used as an established epidemic management protocol due to COVID 19 infection. It relies on the Cycle Threshold (Ct) Value, which was used as a proxy marker for assessing initial viral load. It was evident that cases with higher viral load spread the disease at much higher rate compared to that of low viral load apart from population mobility and/or population density. Therefore, Ct value based segregation of infected cases with higher viral load along with contact tracing of them of previous 5 days is an effective epidemic control policy. It needs to be remembered that a section of infected cases is asymptomatic and capable of spreading infection in the community unknowingly. Hence, infection control practices must be accompanied with standard precautionary measures such as physical distancing, hand hygiene and wearing face mask. Community awareness is an integral part of it. Newer biotechnology based researches may be encouraged based on felt needs.
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Taylor, M. B. "Tracing the sources of outbreaks of food- and waterborne viral disease and outbreak investigation using molecular methods." In Viruses in Food and Water, 139–58. Elsevier, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1533/9780857098870.2.139.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Viral tracings"

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Hussain, Akram, and Yuan Luo. "Privacy Aware Contact Tracing by Exploiting Social Networks in Viral Disease Outbreaks." In GLOBECOM 2020 - 2020 IEEE Global Communications Conference. IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/globecom42002.2020.9322077.

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