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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Viral tracer"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 24 лютого 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Viral tracer"

McLeod, Malcolm, Jacqueline Aislabie, James Smith, Rhonda Fraser, Alexandra Roberts, and Matthew Taylor. "Viral and Chemical Tracer Movement through Contrasting Soils." Journal of Environmental Quality 30, no. 6 (November 2001): 2134–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2001.2134.

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Flexman, J. A., S. Minoshima, Yongmin Kim, S. Miyoshi, B. L. Lewellen, and D. J. Cross. "A viral envelope as a vehicle for tracer, drug, and gene delivery." IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine 25, no. 4 (July 2006): 70–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/memb.2006.1657790.

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Pomeranz, Lisa E., Ashley E. Reynolds, and Christoph J. Hengartner. "Molecular Biology of Pseudorabies Virus: Impact on Neurovirology and Veterinary Medicine." Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 69, no. 3 (September 2005): 462–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mmbr.69.3.462-500.2005.

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SUMMARY Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is a herpesvirus of swine, a member of the Alphaherpesvirinae subfamily, and the etiological agent of Aujeszky's disease. This review describes the contributions of PRV research to herpesvirus biology, neurobiology, and viral pathogenesis by focusing on (i) the molecular biology of PRV, (ii) model systems to study PRV pathogenesis and neurovirulence, (iii) PRV transsynaptic tracing of neuronal circuits, and (iv) veterinary aspects of pseudorabies disease. The structure of the enveloped infectious particle, the content of the viral DNA genome, and a step-by-step overview of the viral replication cycle are presented. PRV infection is initiated by binding to cellular receptors to allow penetration into the cell. After reaching the nucleus, the viral genome directs a regulated gene expression cascade that culminates with viral DNA replication and production of new virion constituents. Finally, progeny virions self-assemble and exit the host cells. Animal models and neuronal culture systems developed for the study of PRV pathogenesis and neurovirulence are discussed. PRV serves as a self-perpetuating transsynaptic tracer of neuronal circuitry, and we detail the original studies of PRV circuitry mapping, the biology underlying this application, and the development of the next generation of tracer viruses. The basic veterinary aspects of pseudorabies management and disease in swine are discussed. PRV infection progresses from acute infection of the respiratory epithelium to latent infection in the peripheral nervous system. Sporadic reactivation from latency can transmit PRV to new hosts. The successful management of PRV disease has relied on vaccination, prevention, and testing.

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Song, C. Kay, Gary J. Schwartz, and Timothy J. Bartness. "Anterograde transneuronal viral tract tracing reveals central sensory circuits from white adipose tissue." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 296, no. 3 (March 2009): R501—R511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.90786.2008.

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The origins of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) innervation of white adipose tissue (WAT) have been defined using the transneuronal viral retrograde tract tracer, pseudorabies virus. Activation of this SNS innervation is acknowledged as the principal initiator of WAT lipolysis. The central control of WAT lipolysis may require neural feedback to a brain-SNS-WAT circuit via WAT afferents. Indeed, conventional tract tracing studies have demonstrated that peripheral pseudounipolar dorsal root ganglion (DRG) sensory cells innervate WAT. The central nervous system projections of WAT afferents remain uncharted, however, and form the focus of the present study. We used the H129 strain of the herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1), an anterograde transneuronal viral tract tracer, to define the afferent circuits projecting from WAT to the central nervous system. Siberian hamster inguinal (IWAT) or epididymal WAT was injected with H129 and the neuraxis processed for HSV-1 immunoreactivity. We found substantial overlap in the pattern of WAT sensory afferent projections with multiple SNS outflow sites along the neuraxis, suggesting the possibility of WAT sensory-SNS circuits that could regulate WAT SNS drive and thereby lipolysis. Previously, we demonstrated that systemic 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2DG) elicited increases in the SNS drive to IWAT. Here, we show that systemic 2DG administration also significantly increases multiunit spike activity arising from decentralized IWAT afferents. Collectively, these data provide structural and functional support for the existence of a sensory WAT pathway to the brain, important in the negative feedback control of lipid mobilization.

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Lo, Liching, and David J. Anderson. "A Cre-Dependent, Anterograde Transsynaptic Viral Tracer for Mapping Output Pathways of Genetically Marked Neurons." Neuron 72, no. 6 (December 2011): 938–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2011.12.002.

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Schneider, Karin, and Paul Massa. "SHP-1 regulates neuroinvasion of neurotropic virus into the CNS (VIR5P.1035)." Journal of Immunology 192, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2014): 144.18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.192.supp.144.18.

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Abstract Viral infections in the central nervous system (CNS) may have devastating clinical consequences to the host. Neurotropic virus infections often begin in peripheral tissues, which then spread to the CNS via peripheral nerves following entry into nerve terminals by receptor-mediated endocytosis and subsequent retrograde axonal transport into the CNS compartment. In our lab, a possible novel role for the protein tyrosine phosphatase, SHP-1, in regulating neuroinvasion via peripheral nerves of a neurotropic virus (Theiler’s Murine Encephalomyelitis Virus, TMEV) is being investigated. Preliminary data using immunohistochemistry of TMEV showed extensive staining of spinal cord neurons after intraperitoneal inoculation in mice with a null mutation in the SHP-1 gene (me/me mice) compared to wild type mice. Further, intramuscular (IM) inoculations of TMEV caused virus infection in spinal cord neurons and subsequent paralysis of SHP-1-deficient mice but not of wild type mice. IM and intraperitoneal injections (IP) of retrograde axonal transport tracers fluorogold and horseradish peroxidase showed increased tracer levels in the spinal cords of SHP-1-deficient mice compared to wild type mice. Therefore, we propose SHP-1 may play a role in regulating viral neuroinvasion by controlling retrograde axonal transport from peripheral sites of infection. In this sense, SHP-1 may play novel roles in antiviral responses including inhibition of virus invasion and spreading in the CNS.

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Gostine, Andrew, David Gostine, Jack Short, Arjun Rustagi, Jennifer Cadnum, Curtis Donskey, and Tim Angelotti. "Evaluating the Utility of UV Lamps to Mitigate the Spread of Pathogens in the ICU." Applied Sciences 10, no. 18 (September 11, 2020): 6326. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10186326.

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Contaminated surfaces in a hospital serve as reservoirs for pathogen spread. The aim of this study was to evaluate UV lights in preventing the spread of a DNA tracer in an intensive care unit (ICU) through sterilization of highly touched surfaces. In a prospective trial, a non-pathogenic DNA virus was inoculated onto surfaces in an ICU patient room. Investigators swabbed frequently touched surfaces in non-inoculated ICU rooms at 24, 48, and 96 h post inoculation. Culture specimens were analyzed for the presence of viral DNA via PCR. After baseline data were obtained, UV lights were deployed in a standardized fashion onto vitals monitors, ventilators, keyboards, and intravenous (IV) pumps. Inoculation and culturing were then repeated. Prior to UV implementation, the DNA tracer disseminated to 10.10% of tested surfaces in non-inoculated rooms at 48 h. Post UV light deployment, only 1.20% of surfaces tested positive for the DNA tracer after 48 h. UV decontamination significantly retarded the spread of the virus DNA, with a relative reduction of 90% at 48 h from 10.10% of surfaces pre UV to 1.20% of surfaces post UV (p < 0.0001). UV decontamination holds the potential to confer protection to patients by reducing the number of surfaces that can serve as a nidus for transfer.

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Paul, J. H., J. B. Rose, J. Brown, E. A. Shinn, S. Miller, and S. R. Farrah. "Viral tracer studies indicate contamination of marine waters by sewage disposal practices in key largo, Florida." Applied and environmental microbiology 61, no. 6 (1995): 2230–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.61.6.2230-2234.1995.

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Ryu, Vitaly, and Timothy J. Bartness. "Short and long sympathetic-sensory feedback loops in white fat." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 306, no. 12 (June 15, 2014): R886—R900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00060.2014.

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We previously demonstrated white adipose tissue (WAT) innervation using the established WAT retrograde sympathetic nervous system (SNS)-specific transneuronal viral tract tracer pseudorabies virus (PRV152) and showed its role in the control of lipolysis. Conversely, we demonstrated WAT sensory innervation using the established anterograde sensory system (SS)-specific transneuronal viral tracer, the H129 strain of herpes simplex virus-1, with sensory nerves showing responsiveness with increases in WAT SNS drive. Several brain areas were part of the SNS outflow to and SS inflow from WAT between these studies suggesting SNS-SS feedback loops. Therefore, we injected both PRV152 and H129 into inguinal WAT (IWAT) of Siberian hamsters. Animals were perfused on days 5 and 6 postinoculation after H129 and PRV152 injections, respectively, and brains, spinal cords, sympathetic, and dorsal root ganglia (DRG) were processed for immunohistochemical detection of each virus across the neuroaxis. The presence of H129+PRV152-colocalized neurons (∼50%) in the spinal segments innervating IWAT suggested short SNS-SS loops with significant coinfections (>60%) in discrete brain regions, signifying long SNS-SS loops. Notably, the most highly populated sites with the double-infected neurons were the medial part of medial preoptic nucleus, medial preoptic area, hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, lateral hypothalamus, periaqueductal gray, oral part of the pontine reticular nucleus, and the nucleus of the solitary tract. Collectively, these results strongly indicate the neuroanatomical reality of the central SNS-SS feedback loops with short loops in the spinal cord and long loops in the brain, both likely involved in the control of lipolysis or other WAT pad-specific functions.

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Marson, L., and A. Z. Murphy. "Identification of neural circuits involved in female genital responses in the rat: a dual virus and anterograde tracing study." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 291, no. 2 (August 2006): R419—R428. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00864.2005.

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The spinal and peripheral innervation of the clitoris and vagina are fairly well understood. However, little is known regarding supraspinal control of these pelvic structures. The multisynaptic tracer pseudorabies virus (PRV) was used to map the brain neurons that innervate the clitoris and vagina. To delineate forebrain input on PRV-labeled cells, the anterograde tracer biotinylated dextran amine was injected in the medial preoptic area (MPO), ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMN), or the midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG) 10 days before viral injections. These brain regions have been intimately linked to various aspects of female reproductive behavior. After viral injections (4 days) in the vagina and clitoris, PRV-labeled cells were observed in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), Barrington’s nucleus, the A5 region, and the nucleus paragigantocellularis (nPGi). At 5 days postviral administration, additional PRV-labeled cells were observed within the preoptic region, VMN, PAG, and lateral hypothalamus. Anterograde labeling from the MPO terminated among PRV-positive cells primarily within the dorsal PVN of the hypothalamus, ventrolateral VMN (VMNvl), caudal PAG, and nPGi. Anterograde labeling from the VMN terminated among PRV-positive cells in the MPO and lateral/ventrolateral PAG. Anterograde labeling from the PAG terminated among PRV-positive cells in the PVN, ventral hypothalamus, and nPGi. Transynaptically labeled cells in the lateral hypothalamus, Barrington’s nucleus, and ventromedial medulla received innervation from all three sources. These studies, together, identify several central nervous system (CNS) sites participating in the neural control of female sexual responses. They also provide the first data demonstrating a link between the MPO, VMNvl, and PAG and CNS regions innervating the clitoris and vagina, providing support that these areas play a major role in female genital responses.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Viral tracer"

Barnet, Maxime. "Etude comparative chez les rats mâles et femelles de l'implication du complexe trigémino-cervical et du locus coeruleus dans l'intégration d'une douleur méningée." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Clermont Auvergne (2021-...), 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UCFAC120.

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La migraine est une pathologie chronique qui est caractérisée par la survenue d’intenses céphalées associées à d’autres symptômes tels que la photo/phonophobie, nausée/vomissements ou encore allodynie : douleur déclenchée par une stimulation non douloureuse. Ces symptômes apparaissent par crises entrecoupées d’intervalles d’accalmie. La migraine touche 15 à 18% de la population dans le monde, est retrouvée préférentiellement chez les femmes, et parfois de manière plus intense lors des menstruations. Même si certains mécanismes de la migraine commencent à être connus, il reste de nombreuses questions et notamment de savoir comment se fait l’intégration de la douleur migraineuse et si cette intégration est différente selon le sexe des individus.Dans notre projet, nous avons exploré chez les rats mâles et femelles, l’implication du complexe trigémino-cervical (CTC) et du Locus Coeruleus (LC) dans le développement de l’allodynie cutanée dans un modèle de douleur méningée induit par l’injection répétée de soupe inflammatoire (IS). La première région cérébrale, le CTC, constitue le premier relai central provenant de la région orofaciale dont les méninges. Le LC est un noyau noradrénergique dont les voies descendantes vont, entre autres, moduler la douleur et projeter sur le CTC. En combinant des analyses comportementales et des techniques immunohistologiques, nous avons montré chez les mâles comme chez les femelles qu’une injection durale d’IS induit une allodynie, qui devient persistante lors de la répétition des injections d’IS. Cependant, l’évolution de l’allodynie est plus rapide chez les femelles. En dissociant les femelles selon leur cycle hormonal : proestrus/estrus (P/E) et Metestrus/Diestrus (M/D), nous avons montré que les femelles P/E avaient une allodynie céphalique plus importante que les femelles M/D après 2 injections d’IS. De plus, en utilisant le marqueur d’activation neuronal c-Fos, les femelles aux stades P/E présentaient une activation plus importante dans le CTC suite à l’inflammation des méninges. Contrairement aux neurones du CTC, les neurones du LC n’ont pas été activés par l’IS, cependant, nous avons pu observer, en condition physiologique, un dimorphisme sexuel importants du LC : les neurones C-Fos dans le LC sont en quantité plus importante chez la femelle que chez le mâle. Enfin, nous nous sommes intéressés aux projections du LC à l’aide de techniques de traçage, et confirmé l’existence de projections directes du LC sur le CTC et de projections indirectes, utilisant la médulla rostro-ventrale comme intermédiaire. Nous avons également observé l’existence de projections corticales superficielles, qui pourraient avoir une influence sur la vascularisation méningée, et indirectement sur le CTC. Il n’existe cependant pas de différences anatomiques de ces projections entre les mâles et les femelles.L’ensemble de ces résultats démontre que l’intégration d’une douleur méningée dépend du cycle hormonal, et que l’activité du CTC est le reflet de cette intégration après deux injections d’IS. Nous avons également montré l’existence de voies directes et indirectes pouvant permettre au LC de moduler le CTC. Enfin, notre projet démontre la nécessité d’inclure les deux sexes dans les études scientifiques et de prendre en compte le cycle hormonal
Migraine is a chronic condition characterised by the occurrence of intense headaches associated with other symptoms such as photo/phonophobia, nausea/vomiting or allodynia: pain triggered by non-painful stimulation. These symptoms appear in attacks interspersed with intervals of calm. Migraines affect 15 to 18% of the population worldwide, and are found preferentially in women, sometimes more intensely during menstruation. Although some of the mechanisms of migraine are beginning to be understood, there are still many questions to be answered, in particular how migraine pain is integrated and whether this integration differs according to the sex of the individual.In our project, we explored in male and female rats the involvement of the trigemino-cervical complex (TCC) and the Locus Coeruleus (LC) in the development of skin allodynia in a model of meningeal pain induced by repeated injection of inflammatory soup (IS). The first brain region, the TCC, is the first central relay from the orofacial region including the meninges. The LC is a noradrenergic nucleus whose descending pathways will, among other things, modulate pain and project to the TCC. By combining behavioural analyses and immunohistological techniques, we have shown in both males and females that a dural injection of IS induces allodynia, which becomes persistent with repeated IS injections. However, the evolution of allodynia is more rapid in females. By dissociating females according to their hormonal cycle: proestrus/estrus (P/E) and Metestrus/Diestrus (M/D), we showed that P/E females had a greater cephalic allodynia than M/D females after 2 injections of IS. Furthermore, using the neuronal activation marker c-Fos, P/E females showed greater activation in the TCC following meningeal inflammation. In contrast to TCC neurons, LC neurons were not activated by IS, however, we could observe, under physiological conditions, a significant sexual dimorphism of the LC: C-Fos neurons in the LC are in greater quantity in females than in males. Finally, we examined the projections of the LC using tracing techniques and confirmed the existence of direct projections of the LC to the TCC and indirect projections using the rostro-ventral medulla as an intermediate. We also observed the existence of superficial cortical projections, which could have an influence on the meningeal vasculature, and indirectly on the TCC. However, there are no anatomical differences in these projections between males and females.Taken together, these results demonstrate that the integration of meningeal pain is dependent on the hormonal cycle, and that TCC activity reflects this integration after two injections of SI. We have also shown the existence of direct and indirect pathways that may allow the LC to modulate the TCC. Finally, our project demonstrates the need to include both sexes in scientific studies and to take into account the hormonal cycle

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Painchault, Aude. "Les châteaux normands dans l'œuvre d'Orderic Vital et leurs traces archéologiques." Rouen, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ROUEL003.

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Malgré de considérables avancées, les progrès de la recherche pluridisciplinaire en castellologie se heurtent encore à certains a priori notamment pour l’utilisation des sources narratives. La comparaison des descriptions de fortifications, dans l’œuvre d’Orderic Vital, avec leur pendant archéologique, pour une période et un espace restreints à la Normandie entre 1118 et 1141, a pour objectif de réaffirmer l’intérêt de recourir à de telles sources. La création d’une base de données alimentée par les 80 sites fortifiés mentionnés par Orderic Vital constitue la charpente de ce travail. Elle prend en compte, sous forme de notices détaillées en deux volumes, l’histoire des sites et leur description archéologique. L’explication s’appuie sur un plan cadastral et dès que cela est possible sur un relevé topographique ou la présentation des résultats de fouilles antérieures à cette étude. Le volume de synthèse s’attache à la comparaison proprement dite entre le vocabulaire, les descriptions narratives et les observations de terrain. Après un bref aperçu méthodologique, le développement s’organise autour d’une analyse géopolitique des sites mentionnés, de l’étude du vocabulaire et des descriptions du chroniqueur, pour enfin s’attacher à la typologie des formes castrales mentionnées, l’aménagement du territoire autour de celles-ci et leur correspondance avec le texte. Le chroniqueur ne mentionne que les sites fortifiés impliqués dans un conflit ou qu’il connaît plus personnellement, il décrit simplement le site ou intègre parfois la ville qui lui est associée. Il utilise vingt et un mots différents pour qualifier le caractère fortifié des quatre-vingt lieux qu’il décrit. Certains vocables sont utilisés dans un sens large, d’autres concernent des composants spécifiques au château. L’étude archéologique révèle la grande diversité de formes architecturales, principalement des enceintes de terre ou maçonnées et dans une moindre mesure des mottes. La correspondance entre le texte et les vestiges est établie à plusieurs niveaux, château, ville ou territoire, sans pour autant prendre un caractère systématique : certains mots sont employés pour désigner des ensembles strictement composés des mêmes éléments, les descriptions très détaillées trouvent correspondance avec le terrain et révèlent la qualité de descripteur du chroniqueur.

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Haberl, Matthias. "Studying Neuronal Connectivity in the Mouse Brain in Normal Condition and Fragile X Syndrome." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0480/document.

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Le but de ce travail est l'étude de la connectivité anatomique et fonctionnelle desréseaux neuronaux et le développement des nouveaux outils à cet effet. Car le dernieraspect est une préoccupation majeure de la neuroscience actuelle, nous avonsdeveloppé d'abord un nouveau traceur virale permettant la reconstruction neuronale.Nous avons ensuite appliqué cet et d'autres techniques pour sonder les défauts deconnectivité neuronale dans le syndrome de l'X fragile.Dans la première partie, nous avons discuté les avantages et inconvénients d'unetechnique émergente en utilisant un nouveau type de vecteur viral qui permet uneunique application pour l’étude du cerveau.Dans la deuxième partie, nous avons développé, au départ de ce vecteur viral, unenouvelle variante de faciliter le traçage et reconstruction des caractéristiquesmorphologiques de neurones. Nous avons montré la force de cette varianteantérograde du virus de la rage recombinant glycoprotéine supprimé pour lareconstruction de calcul de toutes les caractéristiques morphologiques clés deneurones: les dendrites, épines, les axones longs envergure dans tous les terminaux ducerveau et les boutons.Dans la troisième partie, nous avons examiné les modifications dans la connectivitédes structures cérébrales dans le syndrome du X fragile (FXS). FXS est le retardmental héréditaire la plus fréquente et la forme génétique la plus fréquente del'autisme, ce qui conduit à l'apprentissage et de la mémoire des déficits, lescomportements répétitifs, des convulsions et une hypersensibilité à des stimulisensoriels (visuels). Une des hypothèses éminents dans le domaine de l'autismesuppose une phénotype de hyper-connectivité locale mais de hypo-connectivité pourles connexions longue portée. Pour tester cette hypothèse dans un modèle de sourisFXS nous avons utilisé l'imagerie par résonance magnétique, pour balayer la totalitédu cerveau et de mesurer la connectivité anatomique et fonctionnel. Cela nous apermis d'identifier des altérations de connectivité dans plusieurs domains. Après nous8avons utilisé des traceurs viraux pour explorer un de ceux domains plus detaillé. Enutilisant le virus de la rage rétrograde à quantifier le nombre de neurones projetantvers ces zones, nous avons confirmé une connectivité d'entrée modifié pour le cortexvisuel primaire, ce qui pourrait contribuer au traitement visuel altéré de l'information.Nous avons découvert une connectivité réduite à longue portée globale anatomique etfonctionnelle entre plusieurs régions du cerveau, l'identification FXS comme unepathologie de la connectivité neuronale, ce qui pourrait expliquer les difficultés deplusieurs stratégies de sauvetage visant des cibles moléculaires sont actuellementconfrontés
The goal of this work was the investigation of the anatomical and functionalconnectivity of neuronal networks and the development of novel tools for thispurpose. Since the latter aspect is a major focus of current neuroscience, we firstsought a novel viral tracer enabling sparse neuronal reconstruction and neuronclassification. We then applied this and other techniques to probe neuronalconnectivity defects in Fragile X Syndrome.In the first part we discussed the merits and drawbacks of a emergingtechnique using a new type of viral vector that allows in a unique manner mapping ofthe input of a given brain area.In the second part we developed, departing from this viral vector, a newvariant to facilitate the tracing and reconstructing of morphologic features of neurons.We showed the strength of this anterograde variant of the recombinant glycoproteindeletedrabies virus for computational reconstruction of all key morphologicalfeatures of neurons: dendrites, spines, long-ranging axons throughout the brain andbouton terminals.In the third part we examined alterations in the wiring of brain structures inthe Fragile X Syndrome (FXS). FXS is the most common inherited mental retardationand most frequent genetic form of autism, leading to learning and memory deficits,repetitive behavior, seizures and hypersensitivity to sensory (e.g. visual) stimuli. Oneof the eminent hypotheses in the autism field assumes a local hyper- connectivityphenotype but hypo-connectivity for long-ranging connections. To test this hypothesisin a FXS mouse model we used magnetic resonance imaging, to scan the entire brainand measure the anatomical and functional connectivity. This allowed us to identifyconnectivity alterations in several areas that we further explored using viral tracers.Using retrograde rabies virus to count the number of neurons projecting to such areaswe confirmed an altered input connectivity to the primary visual cortex, which couldcontribute to the altered visual information processing. We discovered an overallreduced anatomical and functional long-range connectivity between several brainareas, identifying FXS as pathology of neuronal connectivity, which might explain thedifficulties several rescue strategies aiming at molecular targets are currently facing

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Cannan, James. "Learning a trade in New Zealand : On and off the job learning in engineering trades." Thesis, Federation University Australia, 2017. http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/162602.

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The engineering trades selected for this study were specifically in the automotive and refrigeration/air-conditioning/electrical disciplines, as they are typical of the engineering discipline trade groups studying at institutes of technology and workplaces as apprentices. This research focused on two trade occupations within the engineering industry and investigated differences between pre-apprentice and apprentice experiences in skills and knowledge acquisition and assessment whilst learning on and off the job; that is, studying vocational education at institutes of technology and engaging in practical activities at the workplace. New Zealand has faced dramatic changes in tertiary education over the past 20 years, particularly in the vocational education and training (VET) sector. As a result of these changes there has been a substantial increase in participation in education and training. There is now a far wider range of courses to cater for the needs of learners in the vocational sector as the New Zealand population grows, along with the engineering trade opportunities that are currently available in the workplace. A qualitative research approach was used including interviews, focus groups and questionnaires. The project consisted of case studies based around cohorts of apprentices and pre-apprentices. Lecturers and employers were also included. The findings of the study will inform discussions on the ways in which learning prior to and in the workplace might be more effectively facilitated and managed in the future. It also raises questions about the effectiveness and quality of current training and assessment of engineering trade programs of study within New Zealand, as well as issues in apprenticeships and attrition within specific trades.
Doctor of Philosophy

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Herent, Coralie. "Respiratory Adaption to Running Exercise : A Behavioral and Neuronal Circuits Study in Mice Absent Phasing of Respiratory and Locomotor Rhythms in Running Mice Control of Orienting Movements and Locomotion by Projection-Defined Subsets of Brainstem V2a Neurons Afadin Signaling at the Spinal Neuroepithelium Regulates Central Canal Formation and Gait Selection." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASL001.

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Pendant la course, la ventilation augmente pour compenser la demande énergétique accrue. Le substrat, soupçonné neuronal, de cette hyperpnée à l'exercice est néanmoins toujours méconnu. Pour le caractériser, nous avons, chez la souris, examiné les interactions entre i) mouvements des membres et cycles respiratoires, et ii) réseaux neuronaux locomoteur et respiratoire. Tout d’abord, en combinant enregistrements électromyographiques (EMG) du diaphragme combinés au suivi vidéo des membres pendant la course, nous montrons que, pour une large gamme de vitesses sur un tapis roulant, la fréquence respiratoire augmente jusqu'à une valeur fixe, indépendante des vitesses de course. Surtout, les inspirations ne sont pas temporellement synchronisées avec les foulées, indiquant que l'hyperpnée à l'exercice peut opérer sans signaux phasiques provenant des retours sensoriels des membres. Nous avons ensuite cherché à identifier, au sein des centres locomoteurs, les neurones déclencheurs de cette hyperpnée, ainsi que leurs cibles dans les centres respiratoires. En combinant enregistrements EMG, traçages viraux et interférences fonctionnelles, nous montrons d’une part que le principal centre de l'initiation locomotrice (la région locomotrice mésencéphalique, MLR) peut réguler à la hausse la respiration, pendant, et même avant, la course. Cet effet repose sur des projections directes de la MLR vers le générateur inspiratoire principal, le complexe préBötzinger. D'autre part, nous montrons que les circuits locomoteurs de la moelle épinière lombaire ont également une action excitatrice sur l'activité respiratoire. Cette voie ascendante cible néanmoins un autre groupe respiratoire, le noyau rétrotrapézoïde. Ce travail met ainsi en évidence la nature multifonctionnelle des centres locomoteurs, et souligne l'existence de multiples voies neuronales capables d’augmenter la respiration pendant, voire avant, la course
During running, ventilation increases to match the augmented energetic demand. Yet the presumed neuronal substrates for this running hyperpnea have remained elusive. To fill this gap, we have, in mice, examined the interactions between i) limb movements and respiratory cycles, and ii) locomotor and respiratory neural networks. First, by combining electromyographic recordings (EMG) of the diaphragm with limb video-tracking in running mice, we show that, for a wide range of trotting speeds on a treadmill, breathing rate increases to a fixed value, irrespective of running speeds. Importantly, breaths are never temporally synchronized to strides, highlighting that exercise hyperpnea can operate without phasic signals from limb sensory feedbacks. We next sought to identify candidate trigger neurons in the locomotor central network, and their partners in respiratory centers. Combining EMG recordings, viral tracing, and activity interference tools, we first show that the prime supraspinal center for locomotor initiation (the mesencephalic locomotor region, MLR) can upregulate breathing during, and even before, running. Indeed, the MLR contacts directly and modulates the main inspiratory generator, the preBötzinger complex. We show that the lumbar locomotor circuits also have an excitatory action onto respiratory activity, but that this ascending drive targets another essential respiratory group, the retrotrapezoid nucleus. This work highlights the multifunctional nature of locomotor command and executive centers, and points to multiple neuronal pathways capable of upregulating breathing during, or possibly even prior to, running

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Shiell, Michael. "Trace : an exploration of alternative means of documenting ephemeral environmental art." Thesis, 2011. http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/41479.

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Doctor of Philosophy
The field of Ephemeral Environmental Art is now very well established in contemporary arts practice. The ephemerality of the work together with the fact that its location is frequently inaccessible results in the need for documentation. Photography is the primary means by which these artworks are recorded. The role of photography is very important, however, it is also limited as a documentary outcome. As a visual artist who creates Ephemeral Environmental Art I am concerned that while photography can quickly and relatively easily create a visual record of the created form, its highly refined view of time and space is also problematic. The value placed on an instantaneous moment denies the process underpinning the interaction. Additionally, the camera as a mechanical intermediary between the work and its representation is counter to the intimate, viscerally known manipulation of materials that occurs onsite. Therefore a sense of disjunction can occur. There are isolated examples of artists using alternative documentary formats in the recording of this art form. This research engages with these alternative image-making techniques to explore and extend the notion of documentation. While direct reference to the form is maintained, the documentary outcomes are enriched with subtle and appropriate allusions to the site, the significance of change over time and the process of material manipulation in the construction of the artwork. This practice-led investigation has found that these alternative image-making techniques can produce meaningful forms of visual documentation. The considered application of these techniques, which is informed by the critical engagement with contemporary theoretical concepts, allows for the creation of conceptually appropriate documents. While the artworks demonstrate these enriched outcomes, no single documentary technique has been identified as applicable in all instances of recording Ephemeral Environmental Art.

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Lin, Ching-Chiang, and 林清江. "Determination of trace elements and oxidative stress-related biochemical parameters in patients with viral liver diseases." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/35955838198953976419.

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碩士
高雄醫學大學
醫學研究所
90
Taiwan is an endemic area of hepatitis B and C virus (HBV and HCV) infection. Some of the people who infected may become carriers, chronic hepatitis, and progress eventually into cirrhosis or even degenerate into hepatocellular carcinoma. Therefore, many resident population of Taiwan would suffer from hepatitis virus infection. In the present study, we measured the blood oxidative stress-related parameters (SOD, GPX, CAT, Se, Fe, Cu, Zn, MDA and uric acid) in patients with asymptomatic carrier, chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma due to the HBV or HCV infection and control subjects. Our results show that no significant differences on those parameters among asymptomatic carriers, chronic hepatitis groups and control groups were observed. However, the serum Zn concentration was lower and Cu/Zn was higher in patients with cirrhosis compared with asymptomatic carriers and control subjects. In addition, in hepatocellular carcinoma patients, the serum levels of SOD, CAT, Se, and Zn were significantly lower and the serum levels of Cu, Cu/Zn were significantly higher than those of in controls and/or carriers and/or chronic hepatitis groups. In conclusion, some of the oxidative stress-related parameters (such as SOD, CAT, Se, Zn, Cu, Cu/Zn) may be served as biomarkers as the severity of liver damage and oxidative stress increased.

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Книги з теми "Viral tracer"

Reichs, Kathy. Trace evidence: A Virals short story collection. New York, New York: Penguin Publishing Group, 2016.

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Georg, Matthess, and Germany (West) Umweltbundesamt, eds. Lebensdauer von Bakterien und Viren in Grundwasserleitern: Zusammengefasster Abschlussbericht--Untersuchungen der Lebensdauer von Bakterien und Viren im Grundwasser im Hinblick auf die Ausweisung von Schutzgebieten für die Grundwassergewinnungsanlagen. Berlin: E. Schmidt, 1985.

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A history of the Baptists: Traced by their vital principles and practices from the time of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ to the year 1886. New York: Bryan, Taylor, 1989.

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Reichs, Kathy. Trace Evidence: A Virals Short Story Collection. Penguin Random House, 2016.

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Reichs, Kathy, and Brendan Reichs. Trace Evidence: A Virals Short Story Collection. Puffin Books, 2016.

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Reichs, Kathy. Trace Evidence: A Virals Short Story Collection (Turtleback School & Library Binding Edition) (Virals (Paperback)). Turtleback Books, 2016.

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Press, Zsn. Vital Sign Log Book: Complete Health Tracker Book for Everyone. Independently Published, 2021.

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Brien, Linwood. Daily Vitals Log Book: Vital Signs Log Book and Medication Tracker, Medication Tracker Health Monitoring Record. Independently Published, 2022.

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Mesquita, Emersom C., and Fernando A. Bozza. Diagnosis and management of viral haemorrhagic fevers in the ICU. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0293.

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In a globalized scenario where widespread international travel allows viral agents to migrate from endemic to non-endemic areas, health care providers and critical care specialists must be able to readily recognize a suspected case of viral haemorrhagic fever (VHF). Early suspicion is pivotal for improving patient outcome and to ensure that appropriate biosafety measures be applied. VHFs are acute febrile illnesses marked by coagulation disorders and organ specific syndromes. VHFs represent a great medical challenge because diseases are associated with a high mortality rate and many VHFs have the potential for person-to-person transmission (Filoviruses, Arenavioruses, and Bunyaviroses). Dengue is the most frequent haemorrhagic viral disease and re-emergent infection in the world and, due to its public health relevance, severe dengue will receive special attention in this chapter. The diagnosis of VHFs is made by detecting specific antibodies, viral antigens (ELISA) and viral nucleic acid (RT-PCR) on blood samples. Supportive care is the cornerstone in the treatment of VHFs. Ribavirin should be started as soon as a case of VHF is suspected and discontinued if a diagnosis of Filovirus or Flavivirus infection is established. Adjunctive antimicrobial therapy is usually implemented to treat co-existing or secondary infections. Antimalarial treatment should also be initiated if a malaria test (thick blood films) is not quickly available and/or reliable and patients travel history is compatible. It is always recommended to apply appropriate biosafety measures and notify local infection control unit and state and national authorities.

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FIVE VITAL FORCES (PRANA ENERGY)-FIVE DIVINE PRINCIPLES. INDIA: Ashok Rawal on Internet WEBSITE: www.shriramsharma.com, 2010.

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Частини книг з теми "Viral tracer"

Card, J. Patrick, and Lynn W. Enquist. "Use and Visualization of Neuroanatomical Viral Transneuronal Tracers." In Visualization Techniques, 225–68. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-897-9_11.

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Rommes, Hans, Rick van Saene, and Miguel A. de la Cal. "Viral Infections in the ICU." In Selective Decontamination of the Digestive Tract (SDD), 217–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65225-8_15.

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Rashid, Asim J., Chen Yan, and Sheena A. Josselyn. "Using Viral Vectors to Study the Memory Trace in Mice." In Neuromethods, 137–54. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-610-8_7.

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Johnston, Sebastian, and Stephen Holgate. "Epidemiology of Viral Respiratory Tract Infections." In Viral and Other Infections of the Human Respiratory Tract, 1–38. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-7930-0_1.

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Myint, Steven. "Diagnosis of Viral Respiratory Tract Infections." In Viral and Other Infections of the Human Respiratory Tract, 61–82. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-7930-0_4.

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Akerlund, Anders, and Mats Bende. "Pathophysiology of Viral Respiratory Tract Infections." In Viral and Other Infections of the Human Respiratory Tract, 83–104. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-7930-0_5.

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Pervikov, Yuri, Harry Campbell, and Malcolm Molyneaux. "Respiratory Viral Infections in the Tropics." In Viral and Other Infections of the Human Respiratory Tract, 113–30. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-7930-0_7.

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Scott, Geoff. "The Use of Interferons in Respiratory Viral Infections." In Viral and Other Infections of the Human Respiratory Tract, 383–96. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-7930-0_20.

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Zimmermann, Arthur. "B-Cell Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphomas Associated with Viral Infections." In Tumors and Tumor-Like Lesions of the Hepatobiliary Tract, 1–11. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26587-2_94-1.

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Zimmermann, Arthur. "B-Cell Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphomas Associated with Viral Infections." In Tumors and Tumor-Like Lesions of the Hepatobiliary Tract, 1671–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26956-6_94.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Viral tracer"

Flexman, J. A., Y. Kim, S. Miyoshi, S. Minoshima, B. L. Lewellen, and D. J. Cross. "A Viral Envelope as a Vehicle for Tracer, Drug, and Gene Delivery: Initial Biodistribution Study Using PET Imaging." In 2005 IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology 27th Annual Conference. IEEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2005.1615778.

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Flexman, J. A., Y. Kim, S. Miyoshi, B. L. Lewellen, D. J. Cross, and S. Minoshima. "A Viral Envelope as a Vehicle for Tracer, Drug, and Gene Delivery: Initial Biodistribution Study Using PET Imaging." In 2005 IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology 27th Annual Conference. IEEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2005.1616534.

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Blasch, Erik, Zhonghai Wang, Haibin Ling, Kannappan Palaniappan, Genshe Chen, Dan Shen, Alex Aved, and Guna Seetharaman. "Video-based activity analysis using the L1 tracker on VIRAT data." In 2013 IEEE Applied Imagery Pattern Recognition Workshop: Sensing for Control and Augmentation (AIPR 2013). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aipr.2013.6749311.

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Chen, Sang, Eloise Littley, James Rae, Chris Charles, Yunbin Guan, and Jess Adkins. "Coherent Tracer Correlations in Deep-sea Corals and Implications for Biomineralization Mechanisms underlying Vital Effects." In Goldschmidt2021. France: European Association of Geochemistry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7185/gold2021.6775.

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Быкова, Т. М. "ANXIETY DISORDERS IN SOMATIC HOSPITAL PATIENTS "BEFORE" AND "AFTER"." In Антология российской психотерапии и психологии. Crossref, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.54775/ppl.2021.60.59.002.

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В статье анализируются тревожные расстройства, возникающие на фоне вирусной пневмонии, вызванной коронавирусом SARS-CoV-19. Прослежены частота проявлений, формы нарушений, особенности тревоги во время инфекционного процесса у пациентов с тяжелыми соматическими заболеваниями. Отмечены изменения тревожных нарушений в процессе затягивания пандемии, свидетельствующие о снижении адаптационных способностей у людей с комбинированными соматическими нарушениями. The article analyzes anxiety disorders that occur against the background of viral pneumonia caused by the SARS-CoV-19 coronavirus. The frequency of manifestations, forms of disorders, features of anxiety during the infectious process in patients with severe somatic diseases were traced. Changes in anxiety disorders in the process of delaying the pandemic were noted, indicating a decrease in adaptive abilities in people with combined somatic disorders.

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Antoshkina, A. I., L. V. Leonova, and Yu S. Simakova. "The Miocene bryozoan biogerms of the Kazantip Cape, Crimea: the role of gas-fluid seepage in their genesis." In All-Russia Lithological Meeting «Geology of reefs». Institute of Geology FRC Komi SC UB RAS, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19110/98491-013-23-24.

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A complex of modern physical investigations of carbonate crusts covering Lower Miocene bryozoan limestone from the Kazantip Cape showed that bryozoans built a biohermal skeleton due to the synsedimentation of bioinduced cement. The mineral association (Mg-calcite + aragonite) indicates the existence of near-bottom environment typical for gas-hydrate biogenic mineral formation as a result of bacterial methane oxidation during the formation of bioherms. The presence of bitumen, pyrite, strontianite, barite, kutnohorite and traces of vital activity of carbonate-depositing methanotrophic bacteria in the composition of carbonate crusts is concerned with a significant influence of near-bottom local gas-fluid seeps.

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Boschetto, A., A. Ruggiero, F. Veniali, A. La Barbera, and C. Colella. "Particle Tracking in Horizontal Ball Milling." In ASME 8th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2006-95682.

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Ball milling is a material processing method that allows near room temperature process of elements in powder and permits to synthesize materials with peculiar properties otherwise difficult or impossible to obtain. Due to the repeated fractures and cold welding of the reactants particles, solid solutions, amorphous alloys and equilibrium nanostructured materials can be obtained. Products coming from mechanosynthesis process can be advantageously applied as high performance structural and functional materials. Different milling devices can be utilized for the powder processing: planetary mill, attritor, horizontal ball mill, 1D and 3D vibrating machines. The wide differentiation in configuration of the mills obstacles the development of a unified model on powder transformation kinetics in the milling process and then most of processing procedures are still developed by using a trial and error method. The focus of this paper is on a horizontal fixed vial ball mill; in this configuration a high speed rotor launches several tumbling against the vial wall. During hits, a quantity of energy is released to the trapped powder and the solid state reactions are promoted. To characterize the powder transformation process, knowledge of the kinematics of the balls system must be inferred. For this purpose an experimental setup based on digital image acquisition was constructed and the movement of balls inside the vial was filmed. Particle trace analysis methodology permitted to obtain balls trajectories, velocity vector field and total hit frequency. The kinetic energy of the impacting balls inside the vial was quantified, so that the energy released to the powder in a milling experiment can be estimated.

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Abeysinghe, Chamath, Chris Reid, Hamid Rezatofighi, and Bernd Meyer. "Tracking Different Ant Species: An Unsupervised Domain Adaptation Framework and a Dataset for Multi-object Tracking." In Thirty-Second International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-23}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2023/61.

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Tracking individuals is a vital part of many experiments conducted to understand collective behaviour. Ants are the paradigmatic model system for such experiments but their lack of individually distinguishing visual features and their high colony densities make it extremely difficult to perform reliable racking automatically. Additionally, the wide diversity of their species' appearances makes a generalized approach even harder. In this paper, we propose a data-driven multi-object tracker that, for the first time, employs domain adaptation to achieve the required generalisation. This approach is built upon a joint-detection-and-tracking framework that is extended by a set of domain discriminator modules integrating an adversarial training strategy in addition to the tracking loss. In addition to this novel domain-adaptive tracking framework, we present a new dataset and a benchmark for the ant tracking problem. The dataset contains 57 video sequences with full trajectory annotation, including 30k frames captured from two different ant species moving on different background patterns. It comprises 33 and 24 sequences for source and target domains, respectively. We compare our proposed framework against other domain-adaptive and non-domain-adaptive multi-object tracking baselines using this dataset and show that incorporating domain adaptation at multiple levels of the tracking pipeline yields significant improvements. The code and the dataset are available at https://github.com/chamathabeysinghe/da-tracker.

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Schnell, Rainer. "Investigation of the Tonal Acoustic Field of a Transonic Fanstage by Time-Domain CFD-Calculations With Arbitrary Blade Counts." In ASME Turbo Expo 2004: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2004-54216.

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In order to investigate the tonal noise generated by viscous blade/vane interaction in a typical transonic bypass engine fan stage, time domain calculations were carried out with the non-linear Navier-Stokes solver TRACE. The propagating acoustic field was obtained by a modal decomposition of near field flow data. Comparisons with available experimental data in the bypass duct casing are presented. Different OGV designs of the investigated fanstage were evaluated with respect to the emitted tonal noise of the stage. To ensure the correct modal structure of the acoustic field it is vital to employ the correct blade count ratio in numerical simulations. To accomplish this efficiently, phase-lagged boundary conditions were incorporated into the employed flow solver. The method has been validated using a counter-rotating propfan configuration and was then applied for the three dimensional, spatially highly resolved fanstage calculation.

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Cheng, Shao-Huan, and C. T. Sun. "Applicability of Continuum Fracture Mechanics in Atomistic Systems." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-63478.

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Stress intensity factor is one of the most significant fracture parameters in linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM). Due to its simplicity, many researchers directly employed this concept to explain their results from molecular simulation. However, stress intensity factor defines the amplitude of the singular stress, which is the product of continuum elasticity. Under atomistic systems without the stress singularity, the concept of stress intensity factor must be examined. In addition, the difficulty of studying the stress intensity factor in atomistic systems may be traced back to the ambiguous definition of the local atomistic stress. In this study, the definition of the local virial stress is adopted. Subsequently, through the consideration of K-dominance, the approximated stress intensity factor based on the atomistic stress can be projected within a reasonable region. Moreover, the influence of cutting interatomic bonds to create traction free crack surfaces and the critical stress intensity factor is also discussed.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Viral tracer"

Resnick, Danielle. COVID-19 lockdowns threaten Africa’s vital informal urban food trade. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.133762_16.

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Yao, Jia, Xianzhe Wang, Jia Zhao, Zhaojun Yang, Yuping Lin, Lu Sun, Yuan Zhang, Qiyun Lu, and Guanjie Fan. Flavonoids for viral acute respiratory tract infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.8.0107.

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Gandini, Camilla, Andrea Monje Silva, and Pablo Guerrero. Gender and Transport in Haiti: Gender Diagnostic and Gender Action Plan. Edited by Amanda Beaujon Marin. Inter-American Development Bank, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003069.

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This technical note encompasses Haiti's gender assessment, evaluates the success of gender specific actions implemented between 2011-2017, and presents a Gender and Transport Action Plan (GAP). The GAPs main aim is to guide investments in Haiti's transport sector in conceptualizing and designing gender-sensitive transport projects. By proposing specific gender actions and outcomes, the GAP establishes a clear path to integrate a gender dimension into operations design, implementation and, monitoring and evaluation. The GAP presents an overall plan to support the development of Haitian women. However, it focuses in the needs of women as transport services users and devotes specific attention to two female sub-groups, comprised by Haitian women engaged in informal trade of local and regional products. These women are known as Madan Sara (MS), and local female mango producers and traders (MPT). The decision of focusing on MS is related to their vital role in the Haitian local labor market and the peculiarity of their work, which has specific transport needs. Understanding and addressing these female groups transport constrains could strategically improve the outcomes of upcoming transport investments and bring more benefits to its beneficiaries.

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Muelaner, Jody. The Challenges of Vehicle Decarbonization. SAE International, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2022se1.

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A narrow focus on electrification and elimination of tailpipe emissions is unlikely to achieve decarbonization objectives. Renewable power generation is unlikely to keep up with increased demand for electricity. A focus on tailpipe emissions ignores the significant particulate pollution that “zero emission” vehicles still cause. It is therefore vital that energy efficiency is improved. Active travel is the key to green economic growth, clean cities, and unlocking the energy saving potential of public transport. The Challenges of Vehicle Decarbonization reviews the urgent need to prioritize active travel infrastructure, create compelling mass-market cycling options, and switch to hybrid powertrains and catenary electrification for long-haul heavy trucks. The report also warns of the potential increase in miles travelled with the advent of personal automated vehicles as well as the pitfalls of fossil-fuel derived hydrogen power.

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Gehlhaus, Diana, James Ryseff, and Jack Corrigan. The Race for U.S. Technical Talent. Center for Security and Emerging Technology, August 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.51593/20210074.

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Technical talent is vital to innovation and economic growth, and attracting these highly mobile workers is critical to staying on the cutting-edge of the technological frontier. Conventional wisdom holds that the defense community generally struggles to access this talent pool. This policy brief uses LinkedIn data to track the movement of tech workers between industries and metro areas, with a particular focus on the U.S. Department of Defense, the defense industrial base, and the so-called “Big Tech” companies.

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Joly, Kyle, and Matthew Cameron. Caribou vital sign annual report for the Arctic Network Inventory and Monitoring Program: September 2022?August 2023. National Park Service, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2301773.

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Caribou (Rangifer tarandus) are an integral part of the ecological and cultural fabric of northwest Alaska. Western Arctic Herd (WAH) caribou roam over this entire region, including all 5 Arctic Network (ARCN) Inventory and Monitoring Program?s National Park units. Conservation of healthy caribou populations is specifically mentioned within the enabling legislation (Alaska National Interested Lands Conservation Act or ANILCA) for 3 of these park units and is of importance to subsistence hunters. Caribou are, by far, the most abundant large mammal in northwest Alaska and are famous for their long-distance migrations and large population oscillations. For these reasons, the ARCN parks chose WAH caribou as a Vital Sign for long-term monitoring. This report documents the monitoring results of this Vital Sign during its 14th year (September 2022?August 2023) of implementation. Results from the previous years of monitoring are also included for ease of comparison. Periodic syntheses of these data will be performed and reported on as appropriate. National Park Service (NPS) monitoring of the WAH is done in conjunction and cooperation with the Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADFG). Thanks to a 2015 data sharing agreement, the report includes data funded by the ADFG dating back to September 2013. That particular year was chosen as it represents when the ADFG started deploying a substantial number of GPS collars on an 8-hour relocation schedule. Monitoring of the herd relies heavily on the use of Global Positioning System (GPS) radio telemetry collars that are capable of transmitting location data to a satellite. Given the extremely remote area that the WAH inhabits, this system provides the most efficient and accurate means to track individual caribou. These data are utilized to monitor the timing and location of migrations, as well as seasonal distributions of WAH caribou. Monitoring movement and the phenology of movement is perhaps the simplest means to track the influences of climate change, natural perturbations, development, and other potential impacts on a species?an analysis of which is outside the scope of this current report. This report also documents the NPS commitment and involvement with the WAH Working Group. The group is composed of important stakeholders including representatives for rural villages, sport hunters, conservationists, hunting guides, hunting transporters, and reindeer herders. In addition, all the agencies charged with managing the WAH, including the ADFG, NPS, US Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) and Bureau of Land Management (BLM), serve as advisors to the group. Information gathered by the Caribou Vital Sign monitoring program are intended to supplement and complement existing data streams gathered by the other cooperating agencies and will be important in future management decisions.

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Yeh, D. Adeline, Jaclyn Kramer, Linda Calvin, and Catharine Elizabeth Weber. The changing landscape of U.S. strawberry and blueberry markets. Washington, D.C.: Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, September 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2023.8134359.ers.

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Fruits are vital to consumer diets and are an important part of the U.S. agricultural industry. Two berries--strawberries and blueberries--are among the most important fruits. With more than $2 billion in annual farm gate sales and accounting for a 13-percent share of total production value of fruit, strawberries rank third for all fruit produced in the United States. Blueberries account for 5 percent of total fruit production value. This report examined changes in domestic production, consumption, prices, and trade for strawberries and blueberries over two decades. This study helps understand how the major berry markets evolved in a short time and examined opportunities and challenges these markets face.--

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Dudoit, Alain, Molivann Panot, and Thierry Warin. Towards a multi-stakeholder Intermodal Trade-Transportation Data-Sharing and Knowledge Exchange Network. CIRANO, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.54932/mvne7282.

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The performance of supply chains used to be mainly the concern of academics and professionals who studied the potential efficiencies and risks associated with this aspect of globalisation. In 2021, major disruptions in this critical sector of our economies are making headlines and attracting the attention of policy makers around the world. Supply chain bottlenecks create shortages, fuel inflation, and undermine economic recovery. This report provides a transversal and multidisciplinary analysis of the challenges and opportunities regarding data interoperability and data sharing as they relate to the ‘Great Lakes - St. Lawrence Seaway Trade Corridor’ (GLSLTC)’s intermodal transportation and trade data strategy. The size and scope of this trade corridor are only matched by the complexity of its multimodal freight transportation systems and growing urbanization on both sides of the Canada-US border. This complexity is exacerbated by the lack of data interoperability and effective collaborations between the different stakeholders within the various jurisdictions and amongst them. Our analytical work relies on : 1) A review of the relevant documentation on the latest challenges to supply chains (SC), intermodal freight transport and international trade, identifying any databases that are to be used.; 2) A comparative review of selected relevant initiatives to give insights into the best practices in digital supply chains implemented in Canada, the United States, and the European Union.; 3) Interviews and discussions with experts from Transport Canada, Statistics Canada, the Canadian Centre on Transportation Data (CCTD) and Global Affairs Canada, as well as with CIRANO’s research community and four partner institutions to identify databases and data that they use in their research related to transportation and trade relevant data availabilities and methodologies as well as joint research opportunities. Its main findings can be summarized as follow: GLSLTC is characterized by its critical scale, complexity, and strategic impact as North America’s most vital trade corridor in the foreseeable further intensification of continental trade. 4% of Canadian GDP is attributed to the Transportation and Logistics sector (2018): $1 trillion of goods moved every year: Goods and services imports are equivalent to 33% of Canada’s GDP and goods and services exports equivalent to 32%. The transportation sector is a key contributor to the achievement of net-zero emissions commitment by 2050. All sectors of the Canadian economy are affected by global supply chain disruptions. Uncertainty and threats extend well beyond the COVID-19 Pandemic. “De-globalization” and increasing supply chains regionalization pressures are mounting. Innovation and thus economic performance—increasingly hinges on the quantity and quality of data. Data is transforming Canada’s economy/society and is now at the center of global trade “Transport data is becoming less available: Canada needs to make data a priority for a national transportation strategy.” * “How the Government of Canada collects, manages, and governs data—and how it accesses and shares data with other governments, sectors, and Canadians—must change.”

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Casper, Gary, Stefanie Nadeau, and Thomas Parr. Acoustic amphibian monitoring, 2019 data summary: Isle Royale National Park. National Park Service, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2295506.

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Amphibians are a Vital Sign indicator for monitoring long-term ecosystem health in seven national park units that comprise the Great Lakes Network. We present here the results for 2019 amphibian monitoring at Isle Royale National Park (ISRO). Appendices contain tabular summaries for six years of cumulative results. The National Park Service Great Lakes Inventory and Monitoring Network established 10 permanent acoustic amphibian monitoring sites at ISRO in 2015. Acoustic samples are collected by placing automated recorders with omnidirectional stereo microphones at each of the 10 sampling sites. Temperature loggers co-located with the recorders also collect air temperature during the sampling period. The monitoring program detected all seven species of frog and toad known to occur at ISRO in 2019, with Eastern American Toad, Green Frog and Spring Peeper occurring at almost every site sampled, and Wood Frog at six sites. Gray Treefrog, Mink Frog, and Boreal Chorus Frog were found at only one or two sites each. Northern Leopard Frog has yet to be confirmed at ISRO in this GLKN monitoring program. We expanded analyses and reporting in 2018 to address calling phenology and to provide a second metric for tracking changes in abundance (as opposed to occupancy) across years. Occupancy analyses track whether or not a site was occupied by a species. Abundance is tracked by assessing how the maximum call intensity changes on sites across years, and by how many automated detections are reported from sites across years. Using two independent survey methods, manual and automated, with large sample sizes continues to return reliable results, providing a confident record of site occupancy for most species. There were no significant data collection issues in 2019. Three units stopped collecting data early but these data gaps did not compromise sampling rigor or analysis. Since temperature logs show that the threshold of ≥40°F was often exceeded by 1 April in 2019, making 15 March a start date for data collection may be considered if park personnel feel snow and ice cover would be reduced enough by that date as well. We do recommend making sure that temperature logger solar shields in future are not hanging in such a manner as to be banging against anything in a breeze, as this contaminates the soundscape

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Casper, Gary, Stefanie Nadeau, and Thomas Parr. Acoustic amphibian monitoring, 2019 data summary: Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore. National Park Service, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2295512.

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Amphibians are a Vital Sign indicator for monitoring long-term ecosystem health in seven national park units that comprise the Great Lakes Network. We present here the results for 2019 amphibian monitoring at Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore (SLBE). Appendices contain tabular summaries for six years of cumulative results. The National Park Service Great Lakes Inventory and Monitoring Network established 10 permanent acoustic amphibian monitoring sites at SLBE in 2013. Acoustic samples are collected by placing automated recorders with omnidirectional stereo microphones at each of the 10 sampling sites. Temperature loggers co-located with the recorders also collect air temperature during the sampling period. We expanded analyses and reporting in 2018 to address calling phenology and to provide a second metric for tracking changes in abundance across years. Occupancy analyses track whether or not a site was occupied by a species. Abundance is tracked by assessing how the maximum call intensity changes on sites across years, and by how many automated detections are reported from sites across years. Using two independent survey methods, manual and automated, with large sample sizes continues to return reliable results, providing a confident record of site occupancy for most species. The monitoring program detected five of the six species of frog and toad known to occur at SLBE in 2019, with Eastern American Toad, Gray Treefrog, Green Frog and Spring Peeper occurring at almost every site sampled. Wood Frog was found at one new site, and Northern Leopard Frog was not confirmed in 2019 but was detected at five sites in 2018. There were no significant data collection issues in 2019 except for late deployment of SLBE11, which limited data analyses for this site. Remaining sites successfully collected data as programmed. Cumulative data collection result summaries since inception are provided in appendices. Since temperature logs show that the threshold of ≥40°F was often exceeded by 1 April in 2019, making 15 March a start date for data collection may be considered if park personnel feel snow and ice cover would be reduced enough by that date as well.

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