Готові списки джерел за темами / Vegetation cultivation

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Vegetation cultivation"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022
Оновлено: 28 січня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Vegetation cultivation"

1

PAWLONKA, ZBIGNIEW, and JANINA SKRZYCZYŃSKA. "Ontogeneza Apera spica-venti (L.) P. Beauv. w pszenżycie ozimym." Agronomy Science 62, no. 2 (December 28, 2007): 90–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.24326/as.2007.2.11.

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The results of investigations carried out between 1997 and 2000 on growth stages of Apera spica-venti in winter rye plantations are presented in the paper. Various methods of presowing cultivation of soil (using plough and cultivator) and diverse doses of nitrogen (50 kg N . ha-1 and 150 kg N . ha-1) were applied. Meteorological conditions had a strong influence on the development of the studied species in each year of the experiment. Particular individuals in Apera spicaventi population had a different pace of growth and development in advantageous vegetation conditions. Replacement of plough cultivation using a cultivator resulted in decrease of intensity of Apera spica-venti germination however, a larger number of individuals reached full vegetation phase (BBCH 30 – 45) and seed maturity phase (BBCH 80 – 89) using cultivator; however, only the effect of the method of cultivation on the number of individuals, reaching full vegetation phase was statistically proved. Both germination and reaching more advanced development phases proceeded more intensively in conditions of high nitrogen fertilization; however, the differences were not significant statistically.
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Błażewicz-Woźniak, M., and M. Konopiñski. "Impact of cover crops and tillage on porosity of podzolic soil." International Agrophysics 27, no. 3 (September 1, 2013): 247–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10247-012-0092-9.

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Abstract The aim of the study was to determine the influence of cover crops biomass, mixed with the soil on different dates and with the use of different tools in field conditions. The cover crop biomass had a beneficial influence on the total porosity of the 0-20 cm layer of the soil after winter. The highest porosity was achievedwith cover crops of buckwheat, phacelia and mustard, the lowest with rye. During the vegetation period the highest porosity of soil was observed in the ridges. Among the remaining non-ploughing cultivations, pre-winter use of stubble cultivator proved to have a beneficial influence on the soil porosity, providing results comparable to those achieved in conventional tillage. The differential porosity of the soil was modified not only by the catch crops and the cultivation methods applied, but also by the sample collection dates, and it did change during the vegetation period. The highest content of macropores after winter was observed for the phacelia cover crop, and the lowest in the case of cultivation without any cover crops. Pre-winter tillage with the use of a stubble cultivator increased the amount of macropores in soil in spring, and caused the biggest participation of mesopores as compared with other non-ploughing cultivation treatments of the soil. The smallest amount of mesopores was found in the ridges.
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Feketa, І. "The characteristic of vegetation of a mountain valley Runa of Carpathians in conditions of anthropogenous transformation." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography, no. 45 (May 20, 2014): 137–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2014.45.1158.

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Анотація:
The results of researches the geobotanical description of the polonina Runa Carpathians vegetation. The detailed analysis of anthropogenic factor the trample, the damaging of shoot plant. Key words: natural populations, vegetative groupings, condition of cultivation, anthropogenic factor.
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Djukic, Vojin, Zlatica Miladinov, Gordana Dozet, Svetlana Balesevic-Tubic, Jegor Miladinovic, Predrag Randjelovic, and Marina Ceran. "Inter-row cultivation - an agro-technical measure for increasing soybean yield." Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade 64, no. 1 (2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jas1901001d.

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In order to examine the influence of inter-row cultivation on the soybean yield, a trial was set up in the Agricultural School in Backa Topola from 2015 to 2017. Three soybean varieties were selected at the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad. Galina, Sava and Rubin were used. The trials included the different number of inter-row cultivations: control - without inter-row cultivation, one inter-row cultivation, two and three inter-row cultivations of soybean crops. Obtained results showed that an average yield of soybean increased with an increase in the number of inter-row cultivations during the soybean vegetation period. With one inter-row cultivation, the yield increase was 5.33%, with two inter-row cultivations - 7.10% and with three cultivations - 7.33%. In the years with a lower precipitation, the influence of intra-row cultivation was much more effective. In 2017, the increase ranged from 10.33% to 13.62%, and in 2016 from 3.09% to 4.27%. Yield was increased due to reduced evapotranspiration of soil moisture as well as prevention of descending of water into deeper layers. During summer, this allowed better water conservation in the soil for critical periods, and also increased the activity of microorganisms as well as more intensive mineralization of organic matter, which ultimately influenced the yield.
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Youssefi, F., M. J. Valadan Zoej, A. Safdarinezhad, and M. R. Sahebi. "UNSUPERVISED ZONING OF CULTIVATION AREAS WITH SIMILAR CULTIVATION PATTERN IN GOLESTAN PROVINCE BASED ON THE VEGETATION PRODUCTS OF MODIS SENSOR." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-4/W18 (October 19, 2019): 1113–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-w18-1113-2019.

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Abstract. The estimation of cultivation area and categorizing the agricultural product types is one of the prerequisites for achieving sustainable development in the agricultural studies. In this study, an unsupervised zoning the cultivation areas with the same cultivation pattern in Golestan province is on the agenda. Therefore, due to wide spatial range, high temporal resolution and easy access of 16-day products of the vegetation of the MODIS sensor which acquired in a year (From November 2017 to October 2018), these images are used in this research. In the proposed method, after the generating of NDVI vegetation time series as a hyper-cube and separating farmlands’ boundaries in Golestan province using the land-use map; the Sequential Maximum Angle Convex Cone (SMACC) endmember extraction algorithm and the maximum number of product variation using the statistical information of the region (Obtained from the statistics centre of Iran) are used to extract endmembers of the hyper-cube. In the following, the timing responses of the NDVI, identified as endmembers, will be refined in the second phase. In this process, identifying and eliminating noise signals (unrelated to cultivating patterns) and integrating the same cultivating patterns will be on the agenda. At the last stage of the proposed method and after refinement of the endmembers, the hyper-cube is clustered by Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) algorithm and the mapping of regions with the same cultivation pattern is produced. In the proposed method, the zoning of agricultural land is based solely on the statistical knowledge of the variety of cultivation and the results have led to the production of interconnected spatial parts. This is consistent with the reality of the spatial occurrence of similar cultivating patterns in a geographic area. On the other hand, the visual comparison of results with large scale satellite images illustrates that there is a significant relationship between clustering results and ground truth in terms of cultivating pattern. Obviously, such products can be used as initial layers of information to produce the results of a supervised classification with the aim of applying the cultivation area of a variety of agricultural products.
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Zhang, Yueju, Mingjun Ding, Hua Zhang, Nengyu Wang, Fan Xiao, Ziping Yu, Peng Huang, and Fu Zou. "Variations and Mutual Relations of Vegetation–Soil–Microbes of Alpine Meadow in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau under Degradation and Cultivation." Land 11, no. 3 (March 8, 2022): 396. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11030396.

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Artificial cultivation had been applied to recover the meadow suffering from serious degradation in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. Studies focusing only on the changes in vegetation, soil and microbes along the meadow degradation were insufficient, and artificial cultivation as an important part of succession was always neglected. Here, the variables of vegetation, soil, and soil bacteria are surveyed in four types of alpine meadow in the protected lands of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau: intact alpine meadow (IAM), moderate degradation alpine meadow (MDAM), extreme degradation alpine meadow (black soil beach (BSB)), and artificial alpine grassland (AAG). The results indicated that degradation and cultivation significantly changed the characteristics of the vegetation community, physicochemical features of the soil, and soil bacterial community diversity. Soil bacteria took a considerably longer time to adapt to degradation and cultivation than vegetation and soil. Compared to IAM and BSB, ADAM and AAG had more specific bacteria identified by ANOVA and LEfSe analysis, implying an unstable state. Combined with vegetation and soil variables, it was speculated that the unstable AAG was not significantly improved from the degraded meadow, and also lagged significantly compared to IAM. Correlation analysis revealed that aboveground biomass, species richness, vegetation coverage, SOC, C/N, BD, WC, and pH were significantly associated with bacterial diversity under community level. Aboveground biomass was an effective indicator for soil bacterial gene copies. Redundancy analysis demonstrated that the soil bacterial community is mainly regulated by the vegetation coverage, Gleason index, Simpson index, TN, TP, and pH under phylum and genus level. Partial mantel test analysis indicated that the physicochemical features of the soil were the most important factor correlating with the soil bacterial community along the degradation and cultivation, compared to other environmental factors.
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Parker, M. L., J. Hull, and R. L. Perry. "Orchard Floor Management Affects Peach Rooting." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 118, no. 6 (November 1993): 714–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.118.6.714.

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The root distribution of peach trees [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch cv. Redhaven/Halford] as affected by six orchard floor management treatments was evaluated after 3 years of growth. Two treatments were maintained vegetation-free and four had vegetative covers in the alleyway with a 1.2-m-wide herbicide strip in the tree row. The profile wall method was used to determine root distribution. Trees maintained vegetation-free with herbicide had the most roots. Trees in the vegetation-free plots, maintained with herbicide or cultivation, produced more roots 1.2 m from the tree than trees in the vegetative covers. The number of roots, 1.2 m from the tree, was lowest in the tall fescue treatment. The number of roots were higher in the Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) or alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) than with tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea, Schreb.).
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Serafin-Andrzejewska, Magdalena, Waldemar Helios, Anna Jama-Rodzeńska, Marcin Kozak, Andrzej Kotecki, and Leszek Kuchar. "Effect of Sowing Date on Soybean Development in South-Western Poland." Agriculture 11, no. 5 (May 3, 2021): 413. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11050413.

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Soybean is a thermophilic and photophilic plant very sensitive to weather course during the vegetation period. This trait limits soybean cultivation in higher latitude countries. This field study aimed to evaluate the effects of three sowing dates on the development, the duration of vegetative and generative stages, and the yield of two soybean cultivars (Lissabon and Merlin) under conditions in south-western Poland in the years 2016–2019. The sowing date determines the temperature and the day length available for soybean plants, influencing development and yield. Delaying the sowing date by 20 days in relation to the earliest (16–21.04) resulted in the shortening of the length of the vegetative development by 12 days and the shortening of the entire vegetation period by 14 days. The delayed sowing date (06–19.05) under the conditions of south-western Poland (Lower Silesia) contributed to a significant decrease in yield. Lissabon produced greater soybean yield than Merlin. Special attention should be paid to proper seed sowing dates in soybean agriculture practice. It is necessary to breed soybean genotypes adapted to day length and thermal conditions of the cultivation area to achieve the maximum seed yield.
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Abdul Rahim, Haris, and Verinus Bidin. "Evaluating Oil Palm Cultivation using Geospatial Approach in Kerdau, Temerloh District." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1051, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 012025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1051/1/012025.

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Abstract Oil palm is one of the cultivation that synonyms in Malaysia. Malaysia become one of the biggest palm oil producer globally after Indonesia. In order to achieve successful yield per year, oil palm need constant effort and labor to monitor them accordingly. Manual method in monitoring the palm oil consumes large amount of time and energy. Palm oil comes from the fleshy fruit of oil palms. Unrefined palm oil is sometimes referred to as red palm oil because of its reddish-orange color. Remote sensing technique utilizes usage of satellite imageries to analyzes healthiness and canopy features of palm oil plantation. There are several advantage in determining palm oil condition through multispectral and texture analysis in ERDAS Imagine and Envi. Utilizing Landsat-8 imagery, monitoring palm oil cultivation and yield can be effectively implemented in Malaysia. In this study, we will use three vegetation indices which are Normalized Differential Vegetation Index (NDVI), Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI), and Ratio Vegetation Index (RVI). This study will demonstrate that selected satellite-derived vegetation indices can be used to estimate oil palm yields with reliable accuracy. In this work, the ability of selected vegetation indices, derived from a single-date archived high resolution satellite imagery, to estimate oil palm yields at the management block scale was demonstrated. This technique applied to determine the condition of the palm oil tree. Using remote sensing technique, the value of the vegetation indices will be determined and analyzed. Result from this process, palm oil condition can be evaluated. This study provides an important benchmark for applying remote sensing technology in the management of plantation-scale oil palm. Oil palm yield estimation based on empirical models, as described in this work, can be computerized using a simple spreadsheet interface so as to facilitate optimal agronomic intervention, particularly with regard to crop harvesting, crop stress alleviation and input application. However, it’s important to note that palm oil should not be confused with palm kernel oil. While both originate from the same plant, palm kernel oil is extracted from the seed of the fruit. It provides different health benefits.
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Simões-Pires, P. R., S. M. Jahnke, and L. R. Redaelli. "Influence of the vegetation management of the leeves in irrigated rice organic in diversity of Hymenoptera parasitoids." Brazilian Journal of Biology 76, no. 3 (April 19, 2016): 774–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.06215.

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Abstract Among the natural enemies of insect pests in rice fields, parasitoids are especially notable. To better understand the space-time dynamics of these insects, the objectives of this study were to describe and compare groups of parasitoids in organic irrigated rice fields using two management approaches for levee vegetation, and to relate them to the phenological stages of rice cultivation (the seedling, vegetative, and reproductive stages). The samples were taken in a plantation located in Viamão, RS, Brazil. The total area of 18 ha was divided into two parts: a no-cut (NC) subarea in which the wild vegetation of the levees was maintained, and a cut (C) subarea in which the levee vegetation was cut monthly. In each subarea, four Malaise traps considered as pseudo-replicas were installed and remained in the field for 24 hours at each sampling location. Collections occurred twice a month from the beginning of cultivation (October 2012) until harvest (March 2013). A total of 3,184 Hymenoptera parasitoids were collected: 2,038 individuals in the NC subarea and 1,146 in the C subarea. We identified 458 morphospecies distributed in 24 families. Mymaridae was the most abundant and Eulophidae was the richest in both subareas. A total of 198 morphospecies was shared between the subareas, including Platygastridae, Eulophidae, and Mymaridae, which were the families with the highest number of shared species. The richness and abundance of parasitoids varied according to their phenological developmental stages, with peak abundance registering during the vegetative period. The Morisita index identified three groupings, indicating a similarity that was related to the three phases of rice growth and development: seedling, vegetative and post-harvest.
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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Vegetation cultivation"

1

Besenyei, Lynn. "The management of artificially created species-rich meadows in urban landscaping schemes." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2000. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341864.

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2

Booth, Karen Dawn. "A study of the re-establishment of chalk grassland vegetation following arable cultivation." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.283530.

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3

Ndam, Nouhou. "Tree regeneration, vegetation dynamics and the maintenance of biodiversity on Mount Cameroon : the relative impact of natural and human disturbance." Thesis, Bangor University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.285517.

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4

Thet, Akari Phyu Phyu. "The Study of Shifting Cultivation in the Bago Mountains, Myanmar: Traditional Knowledge, Influences on Soil Properties and Vegetation, and Local People’s Perceptions." Kyoto University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/261623.

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5

Brubacher, Douglas Conrad. "Nutrient dynamics and early succession in fallow vegetation during the shifting cultivation cycle in Belize, Central America." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5146.

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6

Schröder, Roland [Verfasser]. "The effects of cultivation and hybridization on life-history traits of native plant species used in re-vegetation / Roland Schröder." Hannover : Technische Informationsbibliothek und Universitätsbibliothek Hannover (TIB), 2014. http://d-nb.info/1049216261/34.

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7

Kameda, Chika. "Factors Influencing the Changes of Swidden Agriculture and Its Development in Rural Livelihoods of Northern Laos." Kyoto University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/202730.

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Анотація:
Kyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(農学)
甲第19325号
農博第2146号
新制||農||1036(附属図書館)
学位論文||H28||N4953(農学部図書室)
32327
京都大学大学院農学研究科地域環境科学専攻
(主査)教授 縄田 栄治, 教授 舟川 晋也, 教授 神﨑 護
学位規則第4条第1項該当
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8

Shiponeni, Ndafuda Nangula. "Dispersal of seeds as a constraint in revegetation of old fields in Renosterveld vegetation in the Western Cape, South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53396.

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Анотація:
Thesis (MScFor )--Stellenbosch University, 2003.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Species-rich Renosterveld vegetation does not return to old agricultural fields even after many years (10-20) of abandonment. In most cases the fields are slowly taken over by non-indigenous species, particularly alien pasture grasses and African lawn grass. While poor survival of indigenous seedlings due to competition, grazing or any other establishment constraints, might explain the failure of natural vegetation to colonise old fields, here I am testing the hypothesis that recolonisation by indigenous plant species is limited by seed dispersal. I have quantified changes in seed density with distance from the natural vegetation into old fields using seed traps and soil seed bank assessment. I have also looked at seed dispersal in the dung of large herbivores. Shrubs (with the exception of Eytropappus rhinocerotis) were poorly represented in the seed rain indicating that they might be seed limited. Dicerothamnus rinocerotis (a dominant shrub in Renosterveld) and certain geophytes (that were recovered in the soil bank) have proven that seed dispersal is not the primary constraint to their return to ploughed fields. Dicerothamnus rinocerotis produces a large number of seeds that are dispersed long distances into the old field and a number of geophytes were well represented in the soil bank. Large herbivores are dispersing a lot of herbaceous forbs in their dung but make very little contribution to the dispersal of indigenous tussock grass and shrubs. Seeds of indigenous Renosterveld tussock grasses (e.g Tribolium hispidum) were restricted to the edge of the natural vegetation. My research has shown that some indigenous seeds, particularly those dispersed in wind and through large mammals, do reach the old ploughed field. I therefore conclude that seed dispersal is not the primary constraint to the natural recovery of populations of some indigenous plant species on old fields, but may limit recovery of certain indigenous geophytes, grasses and shrubs.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Spesie-ryke Renosterveld plantegroei hervestig nie op ou landerye nie, selfs ná baie jare (l0-20) van verlating. Oor die algemeen word hierdie grond stadig oorgeneem deur uitheemse spesies, veral uitheemse weidingsgrasse en kweekgras. Terwyl swak oorlewing van inheemse saailinge as gevolg van kompetisie, weiding of enige ander vestigingsbeperkinge, die mislukte vestiging van natuurlike plantegroei op ou benutte grond kan verduidelik, toets ek hier die hipotese dat hervestiging deur inheemse plantspesies deur saadverspreiding beperk word. Ek het veranderinge in saaddigtheid oor afstand vanaf die natuurlike plantegroei na ou landerye gekwantifiseer, deur gebruik te maak van saadopvangsvalle en sand saadbank beraminge. Ek het ook gekyk na saadverspreiding in die mis van groot herbivore. Struike (behalwe Eytropappus rhinocerotis) was swak verteenwoordig in die "saadreën", wat mag toon dat struike saadbeperk is. Eytropappus rhinocerotis ('n dominante struik in Renosterveld) en sekere geofiete (wat in die saadbank gevind is) het bewys dat saadverspreiding nie die hoofbeperking is vir hulle terugkeer na geploegde lande nie. Eytropappus rhinocerotis produseer 'n groot hoeveelheid saad wat oor groot afstande oor die ou landerye versprei word en 'n aantal geofiete was goed verteenwoordig in die saadbank. Groot herbivore versprei 'n groot hoeveelheid kruidagtige forbe in hulle mis, maar maak 'n baie klein bydrae tot die verspreiding van inheemse polgras en struike. Saad van inheemse Renosterveld polgrasse (bv. Tribolium hispidum) was beperk tot die some van die natuurlike plantegroei. My navorsing het getoon dat sommige inheemse saad, veral dié wat deur die wind en deur groot herbivore versprei word, wel die ou geploegde landerye bereik. Ek maak dus die gevolgtrekking dat saadverspreiding nie die hoofbeperking is vir die natuurlike herstel van populasies van sommige inheemse plantspesies op ou landerye nie, maar mag die herstel van sekere inheemse geofiete, grasse en struike beperk.
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9

Wang, Hsiang-jung, and 王向榮. "A Study of the Feasibility of Energy Vegetation-Rucina communis - Cultivation at Agricultural Fallow of Taichung County, Taiwan." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/08733023424009911875.

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Анотація:
碩士
亞洲大學
經營管理學系碩士在職專班
97
Due to the increasing wages, low profit for agricultural production, and lack of farmers in Taiwan for a long time, a lot of farm fields still remain barren. The need for effective utilization of agricultural fallow is appealing by agriculturists, foresters, conservationalists and ecologists recently. Biomass currently accounts for about 15 per cent of the global primary energy consumption and is particularly important as an energy resource in developing countries. It will undoubtedly play an increasing role in the world's energy consumption. Although castor (Rucina communis) – a wild plant species easily grow in dried infertile field, can it makes up this large percentage of our energy resources? Can we grow it in the barren farm to boost the levels of oil/lubricant production instead of imported oil? What impact does their cultivation have on the environment and plantation development? This paper starts with aspects of castor cultivation, harvesting, as well as conversion technologies for biofuels as references cited. This is followed by a look at the environmental impact and economic and social dimensions, including prospects for renewable energy. We then go on to discuss the main potential energy crop- castor. For this species, we give a brief description, outlines the ecological requirements, methods of cultivation, processing and utilization, then finishes with selected references. All those whose work involves biomass production, whether as agriculturalist, student, farmer, producer, planner or policy maker will find this paper an invaluable reference work on the plantation of fast-growing castor – an inedible crop instead of other edible energy resources i.e., rice, corn, wheat , and potato in agricultural fallow. In general, castor is an ideal plant species for the manufacturing of vegetable oil to replace petroleum. Castor will be planting in agricultural fallow of Taichung county, Taiwan as a promising species in oil industry based on renewable biomass resources.
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10

Little, Keith MacMillan. "The influence of vegetation control on the growth and pulping properties of a eucalyptus grandis x camaldulensis hybrid clone." Thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/10299.

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In order to determine if weed control as practised during the establishment phase of tree growth had a beneficial and long term (over a six to eight year rotation) impact on tree performance, a Eucalyptus hybrid clone (GC304) was planted in a field trial in 1990. The trial was situated in the coastal Zululand region near the KwaZulu-Natal town of Mtunzini. Nine different vegetation management treatments were imposed from establishment. These included a weedy control, a manually weeded treatment, a chemically weeded treatment, a 1.2 m row and 1.2 m inter-row weeding, a 0.5 m radius ring weeding, a complete weeding except for a 0.5 m radius ring around the tree, and the use of two legume cover-crops, Mucuna puriens (cowpea) and Vigna sinensis (velvet bean). Initial improvements in tree performance from these competition control treatments were detected from 60 days after planting, and were maintained over seven growing seasons. This occurred despite the absence of competitive vegetation after the first growing season due to reduced light, following crown canopy closure. There were strong indications that initial competition was mainly for moisture and possibly also for nutrients, rather than competition for light. Initially those trees that had weeds within their immediate vicinity were most affected (weedy control, inter-row weeding and the complete weeding except for a 0.5 m radius around the tree). With time, tree performance was more closely related to an increase in the percentage of the area kept free of weeds. The best performing treatment at felling, the manually weeded control, produced 17.1 % and 38.5 % more merchantable timber than the 1.2 m row weeding and the weedy control, at an increased profit of 8 % and 27 %, respectively. Two forms of competition (interspecific and intraspecific competition) were evident in the weedy control at different stages of tree development in contrast to the one (intraspecific competition) in the manually weeded treatment. Interspecific competition resulted in greater variability between the trees in the weedy control by the time canopy closure had occurred. This differentiation in tree size was further enhanced by asymmetric intraspecific competition once the trees had become established. The onset of intraspecific competition was first detected 995 days after planting for the manually weeded treatment and 1641 days after planting for the weedy control. Of the various competition indices that were tested in order to try and explain this differential growth in terms of individual tree performance, none was able to do so to complete satisfaction. The growth rates of different tree size classes were therefore compared for the weedy control and manually weeded treatment. The diverging slopes of the different stem area classes indicated that the larger trees were growing at the expense of the smaller trees. This type of competition is known as asymmetric intraspecific competition. In addition, a comparison was made between the slopes for the weedy and weedfree treatments for similar stem area classes. No significant difference was detected, indicating that similar size classes in these two treatments grew at similar rates. Trees from three treatments were selected (manually weeded treatment, 1.2 m row weeding treatment and the weedy control) and tested for the wood and pulping properties of density, active alkali consumption, extractable content, screened pulp yield, pulp yield per hectare and fibre length and coarseness. The use of Canonical Variate Analysis to determine if there were differences between the three treatments for the variates measured, indicated that they were significantly different. There was a significantly positive trend of an increase in density, extractable content and active alkali consumption with increased weed control. A possible explanation for this could be that the larger trees of the manually weeded treatment were under more stress (from increased intraspecific competition) during the latter phase of their growth. This was demonstrated by comparing the growth rates for these three treatments. The smaller trees of the 1.2 m row weeding treatment and the weedy control exhibited a lower rate of decline. As no significant difference was detected for screened pulp yield between the treatments, any differences in the pulp yield per hectare values could be attributed to differences in the merchantable volume. There was a 22.6 % and 40.8 % increase in the pulp yield per hectare for the manually weeded treatment in comparison to the 1.2 m row weeding treatment and the weedy control. The planting of cover-crops, although beneficial in terms of weed suppression, caused significant tree suppression. This occurred despite the fact that their initial biomass accumulation was slower than that of the natural weed population. Of the two cover-crops, the use of the velvet bean was not considered suitable due to its vigorous vining habit which affected the growth form of the trees. Subsequent work suggests that if the beneficial qualities of cowpeas are to be realised (that of weed suppression, erosion control and nitrogen fixation), a delay in their planting by three months after establishment of the trees should alleviate any negative impacts on tree growth.
Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 1999.
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Книги з теми "Vegetation cultivation"

1

Schmidt-Vogt, Dietrich. Swidden farming and fallow vegetation in northern Thailand. Stuttgart: Steiner, 1999.

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Rehfeldt, Nina. Vegetation succession after temporary cultivation of a Danish heathland site. Aarhus, Denmark: Natural History Museum, 1999.

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T, Dyrness C., and United States Forest Service, eds. The Effect on vegetation and soil temperature of logging flood-plain white spruce. Portland, Or: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1988.

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Mungʼala, Patrick M. The role of indigenous vegetation in energy production and environmental conservation: A realistic approach to solutions? Nairobi, Kenya: Kenya Woodfuel Development Programme, Beijer Institute, 1985.

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Stein, William I. Ten-year development of Douglas-fir and associated vegetation after different site preparation on Coast Range clearcuts. Portland, Or. (333 S.W. First Ave., P.O. Box 3890, Portland 97208-3890): U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1995.

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Stein, William I. Ten-year development of Douglas-fir and associated vegetation after different site preparation on Coast Range clearcuts. Portland, Or. (333 S.W. First Ave., P.O. Box 3890, Portland 97208-3890): U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1995.

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Stein, William I. Ten-year development of Douglas-fir and associated vegetation after different site preparation on Coast Range clearcuts. Portland, OR (333 S.W. First Ave., P.O. Box 3890, Portland 97208-3890): U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1995.

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Stein, William I. Ten-year development of Douglas-fir and associated vegetation after different site preparation on Coast Range clearcuts. Portland, OR (333 S.W. First Ave., P.O. Box 3890, Portland 97208-3890): U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1995.

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Stein, William I. Ten-year development of Douglas-fir and associated vegetation after different site preparation on Coast Range clearcuts. Portland, OR (333 S.W. First Ave., P.O. Box 3890, Portland 97208): U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1995.

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10

Pacific Northwest Research Station (Portland, Or.), ed. Ten-year development of Douglas-fir and associated vegetation after different site preparation on Coast Range clearcuts. Portland, OR (333 S.W. First Ave., P.O. Box 3890, Portland 97208-3890): U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1995.

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Частини книг з теми "Vegetation cultivation"

1

Shereen, Aisha, R. Ansari, T. J. Flowers, A. R. Yeo, and S. A. Ala. "Rice cultivation in saline soils." In Tasks for vegetation science, 189–92. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0067-2_20.

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Rasool, Fayyaz, and S. M. Saifullah. "Establishment of field nursery for cultivation of mangroves at Miani Hor, Pakistan." In Tasks for vegetation science, 439–46. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0067-2_46.

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3

El-Saidi, Mohamed Talaat. "Use of saline drainage water for irrigation, reclamation and cultivation of new land areas in Sinai Peninsula." In Tasks for vegetation science, 57–67. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0067-2_7.

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Kilawe, Charles Joseph, Salim Mohamed Maliondo, Thilde Bech Bruun, Torben Birch-Thomsen, Dos Santos Aristaricky Silayo, and Ole Mertz. "The Intensification of Shifting Cultivation in Tanzania: Effects on Soil and Vegetation." In Agriculture, Environment and Sustainable Development, 21–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10406-0_3.

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5

Imai, Yota, Yasunori Muto, and Mahito Kamada. "Change in Floodwater Retention Function of a Paddy Field Due to Cultivation Abandonment in a Depopulating Rural Region in Japan." In Ecological Research Monographs, 161–73. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6791-6_10.

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AbstractFlood control concept at watershed scale is used as an adaptation strategy for climate change; rainwater and floodwater should be stored in forests and agricultural lands in the watershed, rather than relying on only river systems; and paddy fields are important ecosystems for floodwater retention. The abandonment of paddy cultivation, however, is increasing year after year in Japan due to depopulation in rural regions. Through two-dimensional numerical inundation analysis, we evaluated the negative effects of topographical changes after abandonment on the floodwater retention function. The bipolarization of the inundation depth is apparent in the current topography. The areas with deepwater inundation are wider, particularly in the most downstream areas, whereas in the past, areas with shallow water were widely distributed. The peak water level in the current land use is 0.4 m higher than in the past. After the peak level is achieved, the water level decreases in a shorter time in the present land use than in the past. Owing to hydraulic changes after the abandonment of rice cultivation, the risk of flooding disasters for people living downstream has increased. To maintain floodwater retention function, one of the regulating services, by artificial wetlands, such as paddy fields, continuous management is essential to prevent vegetation succession. Thus, it is important to provide incentives for local people to perform the daily maintenance activities.
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Morgan, Lynette. "Propagation and transplant production." In Hydroponics and protected cultivation: a practical guide, 118–35. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789244830.0008.

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Abstract Crop establishment is a fundamental process in greenhouse and hydroponic production. Seed and seedling delivery systems vary considerably between different types of crops and growing situations and with level of mechanization available. This chapter focuses on propagation and transplant production. Crop establishment methods such as propagation from seed, seedling transplant production through containerized and non-containerized delivery methods, seeding of cell flats, trays and other transplant media, transplant production systems, use of plant factories for seedling transplant production, organic transplant production, grafting, vegetative propagation, and tissue culture are discussed in this chapter.
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Morgan, Lynette. "Propagation and transplant production." In Hydroponics and protected cultivation: a practical guide, 118–35. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789244830.0118.

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Abstract Crop establishment is a fundamental process in greenhouse and hydroponic production. Seed and seedling delivery systems vary considerably between different types of crops and growing situations and with level of mechanization available. This chapter focuses on propagation and transplant production. Crop establishment methods such as propagation from seed, seedling transplant production through containerized and non-containerized delivery methods, seeding of cell flats, trays and other transplant media, transplant production systems, use of plant factories for seedling transplant production, organic transplant production, grafting, vegetative propagation, and tissue culture are discussed in this chapter.
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Morgan, Lynette. "Hydroponic production of selected crops." In Hydroponics and protected cultivation: a practical guide, 196–228. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789244830.0011a.

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Abstract While there is a wide range of potentially profitable crops which can be grown in hydroponics under protected cultivation, greenhouse production is dominated by fruiting crops such as tomatoes, cucumber, capsicum and strawberries, and vegetative species such as lettuce, salad and leafy greens, herbs and specialty crops like microgreens. This chapter summarizes information on a selected range of common hydroponic crops to give basic procedures for each and an outline of the systems of production. These crops include tomato, capsicum or sweet bell pepper, cucumber, lettuce and other salad greens, strawberry and rose. Information is given on their hydroponic production systems and environment, propagation, plant density, pruning, pollination, fruit growth, crop nutrition, pests, diseases, disorders, harvesting and postharvest handling.
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Morgan, Lynette. "Hydroponic production of selected crops." In Hydroponics and protected cultivation: a practical guide, 196–228. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789244830.0196.

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Abstract While there is a wide range of potentially profitable crops which can be grown in hydroponics under protected cultivation, greenhouse production is dominated by fruiting crops such as tomatoes, cucumber, capsicum and strawberries, and vegetative species such as lettuce, salad and leafy greens, herbs and specialty crops like microgreens. This chapter summarizes information on a selected range of common hydroponic crops to give basic procedures for each and an outline of the systems of production. These crops include tomato, capsicum or sweet bell pepper, cucumber, lettuce and other salad greens, strawberry and rose. Information is given on their hydroponic production systems and environment, propagation, plant density, pruning, pollination, fruit growth, crop nutrition, pests, diseases, disorders, harvesting and postharvest handling.
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10

Casalini, Cristiano, and Laura Madella. "The Jesuit Cultivation of Vegetative Souls: Leonard Lessius (1554–1623) on a Sober Diet." In International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées, 177–98. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69709-9_11.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Vegetation cultivation"

1

Filippova, Nadezhda, and Evgeniy Parsaev. "New varieties of perennial grasses (wheatgrass, awnless brome, bluegrass) in Northern Kazakhstan." In Multifunctional adaptive fodder production23 (71). ru: Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/mak-2020-23-71-92-96.

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The article presents the results of perennial grasses breeding in the conditions of Northern Kazakhstan. The characteristic varieties of wheatgrass, awnless brome, bluegrass along the length of the vegetation period, yield of forage and seed, feed quality, resistance to adverse environmental factors and recommended areas of cultivation of these varieties in Kazakhstan.
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2

Dima, Milica, Aurelia Diaconu, Reta Drăghici, Drăghici Iulian, and Matei Gheorghe. "ASPECTS CONCERNING PEANUTS CROPS ON SANDY SOILS IN SOUTHERN OLTENIA." In GEOLINKS Conference Proceedings. Saima Consult Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/geolinks2021/b1/v3/34.

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"For the capitalization of the climate and soil conditions for the sandy soil region in Southern Oltenia by cultivating peanuts it is necessary to use varieties with large production abilities and proper technology for the crops. In view of its cultivation on south Oltenia sandy soils, there were carried out in the period 2004-2006, at the Plants Crops Research and Development Station on Sandy Soils Dabuleni, experiments have been set regarding aspects such as: the optimal seeding period, the recommendation varieties with high yield potential and balanced composition. The research was conducted under irrigation conditions, in a three-year rotation of wheat, peanut, maize. Along with erect growth type varieties, known for their short vegetation period, rising and creeping growth type varieties can also be used; these varieties have a great production potential in our country`s conditions. Establishing the proper time for seeding is espe since sandy soils are heating quickly but are also cooling quickly, the best seeding time is between the end of April- the beginning of May, depending on the date when the seeding depth has a steady temperature, minimal required for the seed to germinate."
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3

Sivkova, E. I. "VETERINARY AND MEDICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF GADFLIES (DIPTERA, TABANIDAE)." In V International Scientific Conference CONCEPTUAL AND APPLIED ASPECTS OF INVERTEBRATE SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND BIOLOGICAL EDUCATION. Tomsk State University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/978-5-94621-931-0-2020-79.

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Now the interest of scientists and researchers in dipterous insects considerably increased. Blood-sicking dipterous insects (midges), include in the structure of mosquitoes (Culicidae), gadflies (Tabanidae), midges (Simuliidae) and other insects. The major factors determining the high number of midges are favorable climatic conditions for their reproduction and existence in combination with abundance of biotopes of cultivation (various reservoirs and marsh educations) and dwellings of an imago (existence of wood, shrubby or high grassy vegetation) and also presence of enough warm-blooded animals – a saturation source blood. The harm done by gadflies to the person and an animal is very big.
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4

Concepcion, Ronnie S., Maria Gemel B. Palconit, Elmer P. Dadios, Joy N. Carpio, Rhen Anjerome R. Bedruz, and Argel A. Bandala. "Arabidopsis Tracker: A Centroid-Based Vegetation Localization Model for Automatic Leaf Canopy Phenotyping in Multiple-Pot Cultivation System." In 2020 IEEE 12th International Conference on Humanoid, Nanotechnology, Information Technology, Communication and Control, Environment, and Management (HNICEM). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hnicem51456.2020.9400050.

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NOVÁK, Petr, Jiří MAŠEK, Josef HŮLA, Lukáš BENEŠ, and Jitka KUMHÁLOVÁ. "SOIL TILLAGE FOCUSING ON THE REDUCTION OF WATER EROSION OF SOIL IN THE CULTIVATION OF SELECTED FIELD CROPS." In Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.015.

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Water erosion is a problem of global significance. Water erosion destroys or damages a vast expanse of usable agricultural land every year. Conditions in the Czech Republic are characterized by high average slope of the land. It is reported that approximately half of land in the Czech Republic is threatened by water erosion. Water erosion is a natural process that cannot be fully prevented. In case of agricultural land an important option is suitable tillage, which may reduce symptoms of water erosion. The problem of water erosion of agricultural land is growing in the Czech Republic, which is mainly caused by the growth of wide areas of crops (maize). This is due to expansion of biogas power plants using parts of maize silage. The aim of paper is to evaluate and assess the crop stand establishment in conditions of resistance to water erosion. For this purpose, a field experiment was set up. This experiment affects the most widely used methods of maize cultivation in Central Bohemia region. It consists of six variants of crops and technologies stand establishment and control treatment without vegetation. To determine the surface runoff and erosive wash was used measurement by runoff microplots. From processed measurement the positive impact of reduced tillage on soil resistance to water erosion results can be confirmed. The consequence is a reduction of surface runoff and especially erosive washes of soil. Impact of ground cover with organic matter is favorable, even in case of conventional tillage. The results of the experiment are directly applicable to agricultural practices. Results of the experiment were used for the legislative recommendations of appropriate technology (wide-row crops on slopes).
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6

Pakhomova, V. M., A. I. Daminova, A. Yu Kozhevnikov, and I. V. Galiyakhmetov. "Yield of spring wheat due to lipid peroxidation under the influence of Bacillus oligonitrophilus bacterization." In РАЦИОНАЛЬНОЕ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ПРИРОДНЫХ РЕСУРСОВ В АГРОЦЕНОЗАХ. Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-15.05.2020.18.

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The purpose of the article was to study the resistance of spring wheat under the influence of foliar treatment of plants with silicate bacteria according to lipid peroxidation (LP) and yield. The studies were conducted on spring wheat (variety ‘MiS’). The cultivation technology is typical wheat in this agroclimatic zone. The foliar treatment was carried out with a culture of bacteria Bacillus oligonitrophilus by spraying at the rate of 0.5 l/m2 of bacteria suspension containing 109 cells/ml (equally to 100% concentration). Field experiment design: option 1 – plants without treatment (control); option 2 – treatment with B. oligonitrophilus fertilizers at the stage of tillering; option 3 – treatment with B. oligonitrophilus fertilizers at the stage of tillering/stem elongation; option 4 – treatment with B. oligonitrophilus at the stage of tillering/stem elongation/heading. The activity of LP in wheat leaves was identified according to the content of malondialdehyde (MDA). The content of MDA was determined photometrically during interaction with thiobarbiturate. Wheat yield increase was observed in options 3 and 4 (by 11 and 15%, respectively). The content of MDA decreased in all phases of wheat vegetation in the same experimental options (by 14 and 21%, respectively), which indicated the antioxidant effect of the studied preparation. Thus, the bacterization of wheat with B. oligonitrophilus leads to the plant resistance increase. The protective effect is probably due to the action of a complex of their biologically active substances (metabolites) including the antioxidant mechanism of action.
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Mihina, Viktoriya, Nikolay Kharchenko, and Anna Ilunina. "FORMATION OF ARTIFICIAL PROTECTIVE LINEAR PLANTS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE EXPERIMENTAL FARM OF FSBEI HE "VSAU"." In Modern problems of animal and plant ecology. FSBE Institution of Higher Education Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/mpeapw2021_46-49.

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Artificial protective linear plantings in the experimental farm of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "VGAU" were created more than 60 years ago. English oak was used as the main species for cultivation in cultures. The plantings are presented with a width of 18.0 m to 35.0 m with the placement of rocks 1.5 - 5.0 x 0.7 - 3.0 m. Due to the abundance of self-seeding, a dense structure of the lower profile has formed. To study the characteristics of the growth and condition of rocks, test plots were laid in the ZFN according to generally accepted methods in forest inventory and protective afforestation. English oak has a preservation of 50.1-60.1% and, at the same time, its average diameter is from 23.8-25.3 cm, the average height is 20.8-24.0 m. The best results were noted in plantations where the English oak grown with Norway maple and yellow acacia when placed 5.0 x 3.0 m. Silvicultural and reclamation assessment of plantings 4a. When creating protective plantations with the participation of fast-growing species with a placement of 1.5 x 0.7 m, 2.5 x 0.7 m English oak. enter when separating it in rows from fast-growing rocks. In cultures at the age of 62 years with a predominance of pedunculate oak, a convex transverse profile of the plantation is formed and, at the same time, the height of the middle rows is 10.1% higher than the edging rows, the average diameter of the middle rows is less than the extreme ones by 7.5%. Protective plantations transform agricultural landscapes, change the ecology of the territory, serve as boundaries and boundaries of vegetation in inter-strip fields.
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Demidenko, G. A. "GREEN CUTTINGS OF THE ETHER-BEARING PELARGONIUM PLANT (PELARGONIUM) IN CULTURE." In Agrobiotechnology-2021. Publishing house of RGAU - MSHA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/978-5-9675-1855-3-2021-69.

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The influence of anthropogenic factors has an increasingly intensified effect on the urban conditions of people's living environment. Anthropogenic impact is also manifested in enclosed spaces. Cultivation of houseplants by green cuttings is one of the effective ways of vegetative propagation of houseplants. Geranium essential oil is made from the terrestrial parts of many representatives of the genus pelargonium.
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Gulueva, L. R. "The unit for the trunk processing of seedlings." In Agrobiotechnology-2021. Publishing house of RGAU - MSHA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/978-5-9675-1855-3-2021-14.

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The article presents the materials of scientific developments on the local introduction of herbicides into the trunk zone of seedlings based on the cultivator KCHG-2.4, which replaces manual weeding of rows of plants, excluding the ingress of herbicide on the leaf-stem apparatus. The unit allows you to save stubble up to 51%, which reliably protects the soil from water erosion when destroying weed vegetation up to 94%.
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Ramadhani, Fadhlullah, and Misnawati. "Mapping the vegetative stage of rice cultivation using deep learning." In 2021 7th Asia-Pacific Conference on Synthetic Aperture Radar (APSAR). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/apsar52370.2021.9688415.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Vegetation cultivation"

1

Miyamoto, Seiichi, and Rami Keren. Improving Efficiency of Reclamation of Sodium-Affected Soils. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7570569.bard.

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Sodium affected soils, along with salt-affected soils, are distributed widely in irrigated areas of the arid and semi-arid region of the world. Some of these soils can and must be reclaimed to meet the increasing demand for food, and existing irrigated lands must be managed to reduce salinization and alkalization associated with deteriorating irrigation water quality. This project was conducted for examining ways to reduce the use of chemical amendments and large quantities of leaching water for reclaiming sodic soils or for preventing soil sodification, We hypothesized that sodicity of calcareous soils irrigated with moderately sodic irrigation water can be controlled by maximizing dissolution of soil CaCO3. The work performed in Israel has shown that dissolution of CaCO3 can be enhanced by elevating the CO2 partial pressure in soils, and by increasing pore water velocity. The concentration of Ca in pore water was at an order of 1.5 mmolc L-1 at a CO2 partial pressure of 5 kPa, which is sufficient to maintain SAR below 4 at salinity of irrigation water of 0.5 dS m-1 or less. Incorporation of crop residue at a flesh weight of 100 Mg ha-1 reduced the exchangeable Na percentage from 19 to 5%, while it remained 14% without crop residue application These findings indicate a possibility of preventing soil sodification with appropriate crop rotation and residue management without chemical amendments, provided that soils remain permeable. In the case of highly sodic soils, dissolution of CaCO3 alone is usually insufficient to maintain soil permeability during initial leaching. We examined the effect of salinity and sodicity on water infiltration, then developed a way to estimate the amendments required on the basis of water infiltration and drainage characteristics, rather than the traditional idea of reducing the exchangeable Na percentage to a pre-fixed value. Initial indications from soil column and lysimeter study are that the proposed method provides realistic estimates of amendment requirements. We further hypothesized that cultivation of salt-tolerant plants with water of elevated salinity can enhance reclamation of severely Na-affected soils primarily through improved water infiltration and increased dissolution of CaCO3 through respiration. An outdoor lysimeter experiment using two saline sodic Entisols sodded with saltgrass for two seasons did not necessarily support this hypothesis. While there was an evidence of increased removal of the exchangeable Na originally present in the soils, the final salinity and sodicity measured were lowest without sod, and highest when sodded. High transpiration rates, coupled with low permeability and/or inadequate leaching seemed to have offset the potential benefits of increased CaCO3 dissolution and subsequent removal of exchangeable Na. Although vegetative means of reclaiming sodic soils had been reported to be effective in sandy soils with sufficient permeability, additional study is needed for its use in saline sodic soils under the high evaporative demand. The use of cool season grass after initial salt leaching with CaCl2 should be explored. Results obtained from this project have several potential applications, which include the use of crop residues for maintaining sodium balance, the use of CaCl2 for initial leaching of poorly permeable clayey sodic soils, and appraisal of sodicity effects, and appropriate rates and types of amendments required for reclamation
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The cassava seed system in Nigeria: Opportunities and challenges for policy and regulatory reform. International Potato Center, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4160/23096586rtbwp20202.

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In many African countries south of the Sahara, farmers depend on the cultivation of vegetatively propagated crops (VPCs) for both consumption and commercial purposes. Yet yields for these crops remain at low levels due, in part, to the persistent use of low-quality planting material. Efforts to improve the quality of planting material exchanged in markets or through other channels are often hampered by the unique biological and economic characteristics of vegetative propagation—characteristics that distinguish VPCs from the major cereal crops that drive and shape the policy and investment choices made in many of these countries. This suggests that continued investment in new technologies and systems to produce, package, and distribute VPC planting materials will require customized policies and policy support if these systems are to supply farmers with quality planting material at any significant and sustained scale. This paper explores these issues in the context of the cassava seed system in Nigeria by drawing on (1) prior research, public policy documents, and government statistics; (2) key informant interviews and focus group discussions with seed system actors; and (3) a unique dataset from the 2015 Cassava Monitoring Survey of Nigeria (CMS). The paper examines the production and supply of cassava planting material, the influence of various quality assurance systems on production and supply, and the implications for smallholder farmers in Nigeria. We describe the market, non-market, and regulatory systems that shape the cassava seed market in Nigeria, focusing on effectiveness, influence, and reach. We then explore the ground realities—how farmers actually acquire and use cassava planting material—given the (weak) state of markets and regulation. This is followed by a discussion of alternative policy and regulatory approaches to managing and expanding the cassava seed system, emphasizing a more decentralized approach that prioritizes investment in innovative capacity at the community and enterprise levels.
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