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Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 11 вересня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "VECTOR CONTROLLED"

1

Li, Xiaobo, and Laust B. Pedersen. "Controlled source tensor magnetotellurics." GEOPHYSICS 56, no. 9 (September 1991): 1456–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1443165.

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Impedance tensor and tipper vectors, known to connect the electromagnetic surface components for plane‐wave excitation, are shown to be uniquely defined for horizontal electric or horizontal magnetic dipole sources. Two independent source polarizations are needed for their estimation in practice. Analysis of impedance tensors and tipper vectors for a layered half‐space shows that the impedance tensor can be antidiagonalized by rotating the measurement system so that one of the measurement directions coincides with the direction to the transmitter dipole. The tipper vector points towards the transmitter dipole. In the static limit, all transfer functions are real, and simple analytic results for a homogeneous half‐space show that impedance elements are proportional to the inverse of the product of conductivity and distance between source and receiver, while the tipper vector is a unit vector pointing towards the transmitter dipole.
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2

Peresada, S. M., Y. O. Nikonenko, S. M. Kovbasa, D. I. Rodkin, and O. I. Kiselychnyk. "Observer-based speed estimation for vector controlled induction motors." Tekhnichna Elektrodynamika 2022, no. 1 (January 24, 2022): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/techned2022.01.025.

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Анотація:
A speed observer for field-oriented controlled induction drives is presented. The proposed solution exploits the concept of the classic full-order flux observer which is adaptive to the rotor resistance variations. Due to the structural similarity of the rotor speed and active rotor resistance in motor model, the speed observer can be designed using similar structure. The observer guarantees local asymptotic estimation of the rotor fluxes, stator currents and rotor speed in all operating conditions, excluding DC stator excitation. The stability properties of the observer are studied using Lyapunov’s second method. It is experimentally shown that the observer provides an acceptable dynamics of the speed estimation if speed is slowly varying. The proposed observer is suitable for the applications with medium requirements for speed regulation performance. References 13, figures 5.
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3

Luiz Silvino Jr, Balduino C. Rabelo, JosÉ. "Current Controller for Autocommissioned Vector-Controlled Induction Motor Drives." Electric Machines & Power Systems 28, no. 8 (August 2000): 735–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07313560050082721.

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4

Marufuzzaman, Mohammad, Mamun Bin Ibne Reaz, Labonnah Farzana Rahman, and Tae Gyu Chang. "High-Speed CurrentdqPI Controller for Vector Controlled PMSM Drive." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/709635.

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Анотація:
High-speed current controller for vector controlled permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is presented. The controller is developed based on modular design for faster calculation and uses fixed-point proportional-integral (PI) method for improved accuracy. Currentdqcontroller is usually implemented in digital signal processor (DSP) based computer. However, DSP based solutions are reaching their physical limits, which are few microseconds. Besides, digital solutions suffer from high implementation cost. In this research, the overall controller is realizing in field programmable gate array (FPGA). FPGA implementation of the overall controlling algorithm will certainly trim down the execution time significantly to guarantee the steadiness of the motor. Agilent 16821A Logic Analyzer is employed to validate the result of the implemented design in FPGA. Experimental results indicate that the proposed currentdqPI controller needs only 50 ns of execution time in 40 MHz clock, which is the lowest computational cycle for the era.
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5

Rinkeviciene, Roma, and Andrius Petrovas. "Model of Vector Controlled Induction Drive." Solid State Phenomena 147-149 (January 2009): 149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.147-149.149.

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Анотація:
The paper presents the model of vector controlled induction motor. Induction motor model is carried out in reference frame, fixed on stator. Elaborated model of the drive is suitable for investigation dynamics because output signals appear as real currents, flux linkages and other variables. Vector control law model is implemented for variables in synchronous reference frame; therefore controller operates with transformed variables. Structure of designed model reflects the real variable speed drive. Model of vector controlled induction drive comprise model of induction motor, feedback signals and blocks as well as speed and flux reference blocks and controllers for producing motor supply signals. Feedback blocks are used for calculation stator current vector in the rotor flux linkage reference frame. For flux and speed control are designed lag controllers. Between advantages of that model is additional simulation of current channel law.
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6

BOUAKOURA, Mohamed, Nasreddine NAĂŹT-SAĂŹD, and Mohamed-Said NAĂŹT-SAĂŹD. "SPEED SENSOR FAULTS DIAGNOSIS IN AN INDUCTION MOTOR VECTOR CONTROLLED DRIVE." Acta Electrotechnica et Informatica 17, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 49–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.15546/aeei-2017-0007.

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7

Xu, Sheng Sheng, Jiu He Wang, Xiao Bin Mu, and Wen Gu. "Passivity-Based Control of Voltage Source PWM Rectifier Based on Synthesis Space Vector." Advanced Materials Research 466-467 (February 2012): 1120–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.466-467.1120.

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Анотація:
This paper presents passivity-based control of voltage source PWM rectifier based on voltage space vector synthesis. According to the power circuit of voltage source PWM rectifier, port controlled Hamilton dissipation (PCHD) model of this rectifier is established. Based on the PCHD model, passivity based controller can be derived. The controller is realized by modulation of synthetic space vectors .The passivity based controller can improve the system response speed and stability more effectively. The simulation results verify the feasibility of the proposed controller.
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8

Jain, Jitendra Kumar, Sandip Ghosh, and Somnath Maity. "Concurrent PI Controller Design for Indirect Vector Controlled Induction Motor." Asian Journal of Control 22, no. 1 (September 28, 2018): 130–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/asjc.1911.

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9

Pan, Ching‐Tsai, and Ting‐Yu Chang. "A space vector implementation based vector controlled induction motor drive." Journal of the Chinese Institute of Engineers 17, no. 2 (March 1994): 213–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02533839.1994.9677584.

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10

Verma, Vimlesh. "Current sensorless vector controlled induction motor drive." IAES International Journal of Robotics and Automation (IJRA) 8, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijra.v8i1.pp52-67.

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Анотація:
This paper presents a current sensorless vector controlled induction motor drive with only speed sensor present in the system. The same performance as that of normal vector control drives (which uses two current and one speed sensor) is achieved with the proposed current sensorless drive. Such an approach is suitable for applications, where speed sensor cannot be eliminated. Thus, elimination of current sensor results in reduction of cost, increases reliability, reduced size and noise immunity. A new current estimation algorithm is proposed in this paper. The current estimation algorithm, estimates the current in two phase stationary reference frame. The proposed current estimation technique can also be used as a fault tolerant algorithm for normal vector controlled drives in case of current sensor failures. The performance of the current sensorless drive using the proposed current estimation technique is verified through MATLAB/SIMULINK. Extensive simulation results are presented to confirm the effectiveness of the algorithm. The algorithm is also experimentally validated with the laboratory developed prototype and the results are presented. The prototype is built around a dSPACE 1104 controller board.
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Дисертації з теми "VECTOR CONTROLLED"

1

Gulec, Mustafa Alpertunga. "Vector Controlled Elevator Drive." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12607186/index.pdf.

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In this thesis, a practical vector controlled elevator drive is presented. Indirect vector control of induction machine is investigated in theory and then implemented. Control technique is compared with scalar control and induction machine is compared with dc motor. The operation of the system depends on induction machine parameters, so how to accurately and automatically obtaining of the parameters is also presented. Finally, the elevator system is introduced, the application of this control system to the elevator system is described and a basic elevator control system is simulated.
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2

Freere, Peter Andrew. "Current controllers for vector controlled permanent magnet synchronous motor drives." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357627.

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3

Armstrong, G. J. "Encoderless vector controlled induction motor drives." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.246112.

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4

Bharadwaj, Aravind S. "Vector controlled induction motor drive systems." Diss., This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-172143/.

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5

Wade, Scott. "Parameter identification for vector controlled induction machines." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/1311.

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6

Chuang, Tzu-Shien. "A variable structure space voltage vector controlled switched reluctance flux vector drive." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1997. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/106984/.

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Through simulation and experimental investigation this thesis shows that (i) the switched reluctance motor is not different from any other motor in energy conversion theory but the difference is only in the structure and the operating characteristics; (ii) under high loads or high speeds the relative phase angle of the current with respect to the rotor pole must be advanced; (iii) the kinetic energy in the motor can be quickly returned to the d.c. link source or be transferred to other phase windings by the regenerative operation. A synchronous singly-excited control scheme is introduced to the switched reluctance motor. By this technology, a conventional current chopper can be used but the operating phase angle of the excited phase current must be limited. This approach makes the traditional switched reluctance drive become a high performance vector drive but a complex coordinate transformation is unnecessary making the implementation very simple. For multiply excited operation and for high power requirements, in order to achieve the sliding mode control of total phase power, a space vector controlled split-link converter is accomplished. A sliding mode speed controller with d.c. link power feedforward is added to the variable structure space vector controlled split-link converter to achieve a robust servo drive. The proposed switched reluctance drive can achieve fast and robust servo performance even under a high load and highly dangerous electric braking conditions.
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7

Acar, Akin. "Implementation Of A Vector Controlled Induction Motor Drive." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/1219286/index.pdf.

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Анотація:
High dynamic performance, which is obtained from dc motors, became achievable from induction motors with the recent advances in power semiconductors, digital signal processors and development in control techniques. By using field oriented control, torque and flux of the induction motors can be controlled independently as in dc motors. The control performance of field oriented induction motor drive greatly depends on the correct stator flux estimation. In this thesis voltage model is used for the flux estimation. Stator winding resistance is used in the voltage model. Also leakage inductance, mutual inductance and referred rotor resistance values are used in vector control calculations. Motor control algorithms use motor models, which depend on motor parameters, so motor parameters should be measured accurately. Induction motor parameters may be measured by conventional no load and locked rotor test. However, an intelligent induction motor drive should be capable of identifying motor parameters itself. In this study parameter estimation algorithms are implemented and motor parameters are calculated. Then these parameters are used and rotor flux oriented vector control is implemented. Test results are presented.
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8

Sünter, Sedat. "A vector controlled matrix converter induction motor drive." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1995. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12965/.

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This thesis concerns the design and construction of a closed-loop controlled matrix converter induction motor drive, using transputer parallel processors. The modulation algorithms used for the matrix converter are described. A 2.5 kW experimental matrix converter using IGBT switching devices has been constructed and tested. An analysis of the losses in the converter has been carried out and this gives good agreement with the measured losses. Two modulation algorithms, the Venturini algorithm and the scalar algorithm have been implemented in real-time on a network of parallel transputer processors. Experimental results are presented to compare the operation of these two algorithms. Open-loop constant V/F control of the matrix converter induction motor drive has been demonstrated. A controller has been designed to achieve closed-loop speed control of the drive system, employing the slip regulation technique. The experimental results under various operating conditions have verified the correct operation of both control systems. The indirect vector control technique has also been implemented. The results demonstrate the steady-state and transient performance as well as the regenerative operation of the drive system. The application of a matrix converter to a high performance induction motor servo drive rated at 2.5 kW with true four quadrant capability and minimum passive components has been demonstrated.
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9

Sumner, M. "Vector controlled induction motor drive using transputer parallel processors." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1990. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/14104/.

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This thesis describes the design and construction of a high performance induction motor drive, controlled by a network of parallel (INMOS) Transputer processors. The flexibility and high computational ability of the controller is demonstrated by the implementation of three forms of indirect vector control for the induction motor (here termed "V-Type, "V-Type with Current Feedback" and "I-Type") on two motor drive rigs. Results show that V-Type control with current feedback is superior, and that on-line parameter estimation (namely the rotor time constant) is required. The controller has been expanded to incorporate two parameter identification strategies for assessment. The first, termed "Reactive Power Measurement", has proved successful in matching the controller value of rotor time constant to the actual machine value of rotor time constant. The second, termed "PRBS Injection with Cross- Correlation" has proved inconclusive and is the subject of on-going research. The performance of the transputer parallel processing network for real time control is discussed. This assessment is felt to be significant since parallel architectures are likely to become increasingly exploited as the processors become cheaper, more powerful and flexible, and with enhanced system support.
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10

Ungku, Amirulddin Ungku Anisa. "Analysis and simulation of vector controlled bearingless induction motors." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2006. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/14308/.

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The concept of bearingless motors, which combine both motoring and rotor bearing capabilities, is appealing especially in high speed and high power machine applications. Although extensive research has been carried out on permanent magnet and reluctance types of bearingless motors, studies on the induction motor type are less successful. This thesis addresses the bearingless induction motor based on the concept of dual-pole windings, one controlling the motor torque and the other the generated radial forces. A modelling approach is undertaken to investigate the effect of induction machine design on radial force generation and motor levitation under both steady state and transient conditions. The simulation is based on the dynamic reluctance mesh model embedded in vector control systems for the decoupled control of torque, flux and radial force. This is achieved through modification of a previously developed computer software for modelling induction motors in order to model the control of bearingless induction motors. Both the squirrel cage and wound rotor induction motors are investigated and their suitability for generating controlled bearing relief forces assessed. Vector control schemes for the bearingless cage and wound rotor induction motors were also designed and simulated. A mixed field oriented vector control scheme, which incorporates the simple rotor field orientation for motoring control and an airgap field orientation for rotor levitation control, is introduced and found to be advantageous in bearingless induction motor control. Apart from investigating totally bearingless conditions, the study also investigates bearing relief capabilities for a vector controlled cage and wound rotor induction motor in which the rotor movement is restricted by bearings but with the bearing load cancelled by suitably directed radial force. The effects of real winding topologies, stator and rotor slotting and iron saturation on the performance of bearing relief and bearingless induction motors are also presented. Finally, suggestions for future work is included In order to further investigate bearingless induction motors and its applications.
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Книги з теми "VECTOR CONTROLLED"

1

Chuang, Tzu-Shien. A variable structure space voltage vector controlled switched reluctance flux vector drive. [s.l.]: typescript, 1997.

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2

Brenlove, Milovan S. Vectors to spare: The life of an air traffic controller. Ames: Iowa State University Press, 1993.

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3

United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Electro-mechanical actuator: DC resonant link controller. [Washington, D.C.]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1996.

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4

United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Electro-mechanical actuator: DC resonant link controller. [Washington, D.C.]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1996.

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5

United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Electro-mechanical actuator: DC resonant link controller. [Washington, D.C.]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1996.

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6

Ostroff, Aaron J. High-Alpha Research Vehicle (HARV) longitudinal controller: Design, analyses, and simulation results. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1994.

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7

Ostroff, Aaron J. High-alpha research vehicle (HARV) longitudinal controller: Design, analyses, and simulation results. Hampton: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1994.

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8

Ostroff, Aaron J. High-Alpha Research Vehicle (HARV) longitudinal controller: Design, analyses, and simulation results. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1994.

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9

Ostroff, Aaron J. High-Alpha Research Vehicle (HARV) longitudinal controller: Design, analyses, and simulation results. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1994.

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10

ZnO bao mo zhi bei ji qi guang, dian xing neng yan jiu. Shanghai Shi: Shanghai da xue chu ban she, 2010.

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Частини книг з теми "VECTOR CONTROLLED"

1

Ahmed, N. U., and Shian Wang. "Stochastic Systems Controlled by Vector Measures." In Optimal Control of Dynamic Systems Driven by Vector Measures, 197–273. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82139-5_6.

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2

Jha, Bhola, M. K. Panda, V. M. Mishra, and S. N. V. Ganesh. "Vector-Controlled Induction Motor Drives Using Intelligent RST Robust Controller." In Cognitive Informatics and Soft Computing, 649–67. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0617-4_62.

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3

Venu Gopal, B. T., H. R. Ramesh, and E. G. Shivakumar. "Genetic-Neuro-Fuzzy Controller for Indirect Vector-Controlled Induction Motor Drive." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 169–78. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3514-7_15.

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4

Gopal, B. T. Venu, E. G. Shivakumar, and H. R. Ramesh. "Design of Deep Learning Controller for Vector Controlled Induction Motor Drive." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 639–47. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1097-7_53.

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5

Llano, Manuel, Natassia Gaznick, and Eric M. Poeschla. "Rapid, Controlled and Intensive Lentiviral Vector-Based RNAi." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 257–70. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-170-3_18.

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6

Shiva, Badini Sai, and Vimlesh Verma. "MRAS Based Speed Sensorless Vector Controlled PMSM Drive." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 549–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30465-2_61.

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7

Ger, Roman. "On Vector Pexider Differences Controlled by Scalar Ones." In Inequalities and Applications, 283–90. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7643-8773-0_27.

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8

Cao, Xianqing, Jianguang Zhu, and Renyuan Tang. "Vector Controlled Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Drive with Adaptive Fuzzy Neural Network Controller." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 1162–71. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11539902_146.

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9

Kumar, L. Ashok, and S. Albert Alexander. "Power-Quality Improvements in Vector-Controlled Induction Motor Drives." In Computational Paradigm Techniques for Enhancing Electric Power Quality, 435–49. First edition. | New York, NY : CRC Press/Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429442711-14.

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10

Smarrazzo, Aniello, Michele Guida, Francesco Marulo, M. Coppola, and R. Molitierno. "Design of Controlled Rupture Structure for Safe Vector Ejection." In Dynamic Response and Failure of Composite Materials, 377–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-28547-9_44.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "VECTOR CONTROLLED"

1

Barrass, P. G. "Vector controlled drives - industrial practice." In IEE Colloquium on Vector Control Revisited. IEE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic:19980058.

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2

Asher, G. M. "Sensorless estimation for vector controlled induction motor drives." In IEE Colloquium on Vector Control Revisited. IEE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic:19980061.

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3

Chaganava, Irakli, George Kakauridze, Barbara Kilosanidze, and Yuri Mshvenieradze. "Light-controlled vector polyphotochromism." In SPIE Photonics Europe, edited by Barry P. Rand, Chihaya Adachi, David Cheyns, and Volker van Elsbergen. SPIE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2051756.

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4

Hussain, Shoeb, and Mohammad Abid Bazaz. "Fuzzy integrated sliding mode controller for vector controlled PMSM." In 2014 6th IEEE Power India International Conference (PIICON). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/34084poweri.2014.7117646.

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5

Chunhua Zang. "Vector controlled PMSM drive based on fuzzy speed controller." In 2010 2nd International Conference on Industrial Mechatronics and Automation (ICIMA 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icindma.2010.5538336.

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Hussain, Shoeb, and Mohammad Abid Bazaz. "Fuzzy integrated sliding mode controller for vector controlled PMSM." In 2014 6th IEEE Power India International Conference (PIICON). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/poweri.2014.7117646.

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Dal, Mehmet, and Remus Teodorescu. "Disturbance observer based current controller for vector controlled IM drives." In 2008 IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference - PESC 2008. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pesc.2008.4592336.

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8

Ismail, Farouk, Hisham El Khashab, Osama Mahgoub, and Ahmed Oshiba. "Realization of Controllers for DC and Vector Controlled Induction Motors." In ASME 1997 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc97/vib-4170.

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Abstract Controller constants play an important role in electric drive system dynamics. The vector control permits to consider the induction motor as an equivalent separately excited DC machine, as a result, the dynamics of the two machines are compared. Experimental realization and computer simulation are constructed under PI and PID controllers. A sensitivity study for the controllers constants and for the machines time constant is carried out and demonstrated for both machines under the same conditions. The computer simulation of the electric drive systems is constructed using the MATLAB-SIMULINK software package.
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9

Meroufel, A., A. Massoum, and P. Wira. "A fuzzy sliding mode controller for a vector controlled induction motor." In 2008 IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE 2008). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isie.2008.4677303.

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10

Du, Limin, Ke Zhang, and Guang Jin. "Linear auto disturbance rejection controller for vector-controlled PMSM drive system." In 2011 International Conference on Transportation and Mechanical & Electrical Engineering (TMEE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmee.2011.6199342.

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Звіти організацій з теми "VECTOR CONTROLLED"

1

Belldegrun, Arie S. Prostate-Specific Gene Therapy Using a Gutless" Adeno-Vector Expressing Antisense TGF-Beta and PSA Promoter-Controlled TNF-Alpha Gene". Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada406173.

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2

Wilson, Thomas E., Avraham A. Levy, and Tzvi Tzfira. Controlling Early Stages of DNA Repair for Gene-targeting Enhancement in Plants. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7697124.bard.

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Gene targeting (GT) is a much needed technology as a tool for plant research and for the precise engineering of crop species. Recent advances in this field have shown that the presence of a DNA double-strand break (DSB) in a genomic locus is critical for the integration of an exogenous DNA molecule introduced into this locus. This integration can occur via either non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) into the break or homologous recombination (HR) between the broken genomic DNA and the introduced vector. A bottleneck for DNA integration via HR is the machinery responsible for homology search and strand invasion. Important proteins in this pathway are Rad51, Rad52 and Rad54. We proposed to combine our respective expertise: on the US side, in the design of zincfinger nucleases (ZFNs) for the induction of DNA DSBs at any desired genomic locus and in the integration of DNA molecules via NHEJ; and on the Israeli side in the HR events, downstream of the DSB, that lead to homology search and strand invasion. We sought to test three major pathways of targeted DNA integration: (i) integration by NHEJ into DSBs induced at desired sites by specially designed ZFNs; (ii) integration into DSBs induced at desired sites combined with the use of Rad51, Rad52 and Rad54 proteins to maximize the chances for efficient and precise HR-mediated vector insertion; (iii) stimulation of HR by Rad51, Rad52 and Rad54 in the absence of DSB induction. We also proposed to study the formation of dsT-DNA molecules during the transformation of plant cells. dsT-DNA molecules are an important substrate for HR and NHEJ-mediatedGT, yet the mode of their formation from single stranded T-DNA molecules is still obscure. In addition we sought to develop a system for assembly of multi-transgene binary vectors by using ZFNs. The latter may facilitate the production of binary vectors that may be ready for genome editing in transgenic plants. ZFNs were proposed for the induction of DSBs in genomic targets, namely, the FtsH2 gene whose loss of function can easily be identified in somatic tissues as white sectors, and the Cruciferin locus whose targeting by a GFP or RFP reporter vectors can give rise to fluorescent seeds. ZFNs were also proposed for the induction of DSBs in artificial targets and for assembly of multi-gene vectors. We finally sought to address two important cell types in terms of relevance to plant transformation, namely GT of germinal (egg) cells by floral dipping, and GT in somatic cells by root and leave transformation. To be successful, we made use of novel optimized expression cassettes that enable coexpression of all of the genes of interest (ZFNs and Rad genes) in the right tissues (egg or root cells) at the right time, namely when the GT vector is delivered into the cells. Methods were proposed for investigating the complementation of T-strands to dsDNA molecules in living plant cells. During the course of this research, we (i) designed, assembled and tested, in vitro, a pair of new ZFNs capable of targeting the Cruciferin gene, (ii) produced transgenic plants which expresses for ZFN monomers for targeting of the FtsH2 gene. Expression of these enzymes is controlled by constitutive or heat shock induced promoters, (iii) produced a large population of transgenic Arabidopsis lines in which mutated mGUS gene was incorporated into different genomic locations, (iv) designed a system for egg-cell-specific expression of ZFNs and RAD genes and initiate GT experiments, (v) demonstrated that we can achieve NHEJ-mediated gene replacement in plant cells (vi) developed a system for ZFN and homing endonuclease-mediated assembly of multigene plant transformation vectors and (vii) explored the mechanism of dsTDNA formation in plant cells. This work has substantially advanced our understanding of the mechanisms of DNA integration into plants and furthered the development of important new tools for GT in plants.
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3

Dawson, William O., and Moshe Bar-Joseph. Creating an Ally from an Adversary: Genetic Manipulation of Citrus Tristeza. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7586540.bard.

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Citrus is one of the major agricultural crops common to Israel and the United States, important in terms of nutrition, foreign exchange, and employment. The economy of both citrus industries have been chronically plagued by diseases caused by Citrus tristeza virus (CTV). The short term solution until virus-resistant plants can be used is the use of mild strain cross-protection. We are custom designing "ideal" protecting viruses to immunize trees against severe isolates of CTV by purposely inoculating existing endangered trees and new plantings to be propagated as infected (protected) citrus budwood. We crossed the substantial technological hurdles necessary to accomplish this task which included developing an infectious cDNA clone which allows in vitro manipulation of the virus and methods to then infect citrus plants. We created a series of hybrids between decline-inducing and mild CTV strains, tested them in protoplasts, and are amplifying them to inoculate citrus trees for evaluation and mapping of disease determinants. We also extended this developed technology to begin engineering transient expression vectors based on CTV as tools for genetic improvement of tree crops, in this case citrus. Because of the long periods between genetic transformation and the ultimate assay of mature tree characteristics, there is a great need for an effective system that allows the expression or suppression of target genes in fruiting plants. Virus-based vectors will greatly expedite progress in citrus genetic improvement. We characterized several components of the virus that provides necessary information for designing virus-based vectors. We characterized the requirements of the 3 ’-nontranslated replication promoter and two 3 ’-ORF subgenomic (sg) mRNA controller elements. We discovered a novel type of 5’-terminal sgRNAs and characterized the cis-acting control element that also functions as a strong promoter of a 3 ’-sgRNA. We showed that the p23 gene controls negative-stranded RNA synthesis and expression of 3 ’ genes. We identified which genes are required for infection of plants, which are host range determinants, and which are not needed for plant infection. We continued the characterization of native dRNA populations and showed the presence of five different classes including class III dRNAs that consists of infectious and self-replicating molecules and class V dRNAs that contain all of the 3 ’ ORFs, along with class IV dRNAs that retain non-contiguous internal sequences. We have constructed and tested in protoplasts a series of expression vectors that will be described in this proposal.
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4

Ohad, Itzhak, and Himadri Pakrasi. Role of Cytochrome B559 in Photoinhibition. United States Department of Agriculture, December 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7613031.bard.

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The aim of this research project was to obtain information on the role of the cytochrome b559 in the function of Photosystem-II (PSII) with special emphasis on the light induced photo inactivation of PSII and turnover of the photochemical reaction center II protein subunit RCII-D1. The major goals of this project were: 1) Isolation and sequencing of the Chlamydomonas chloroplast psbE and psbF genes encoding the cytochrome b559 a and b subunits respectively; 2) Generation of site directed mutants and testing the effect of such mutation on the function of PSII under various light conditions; 3) To obtain further information on the mechanism of the light induced degradation and replacement of the PSII core proteins. This information shall serve as a basis for the understanding of the role of the cytochrome b559 in the process of photoinhibition and recovery of photosynthetic activity as well as during low light induced turnover of the D1 protein. Unlike in other organisms in which the psbE and psbF genes encoding the a and b subunits of cytochrome b559, are part of an operon which also includes the psbL and psbJ genes, in Chlamydomonas these genes are transcribed from different regions of the chloroplast chromosome. The charge distribution of the derived amino-acid sequences of psbE and psbF gene products differs from that of the corresponding genes in other organisms as far as the rule of "positive charge in" is concerned relative to the process of the polypeptide insertion in the thylakoid membrane. However, the sum of the charges of both subunits corresponds to the above rule possibly indicating co-insertion of both subunits in the process of cytochrome b559 assembly. A plasmid designed for the introduction of site-specific mutations into the psbF gene of C. reinhardtii. was constructed. The vector consists of a DNA fragment from the chromosome of C. reinhardtii which spans the region of the psbF gene, upstream of which the spectinomycin-resistance-conferring aadA cassette was inserted. This vector was successfully used to transform wild type C. reinhardtii cells. The spectinomycin resistant strain thus obtained can grow autotrophically and does not show significant changes as compared to the wild-type strain in PSII activity. The following mutations have been introduced in the psbF gene: H23M; H23Y; W19L and W19. The replacement of H23 involved in the heme binding to M and Y was meant to permit heme binding but eventually alter some or all of the electron transport properties of the mutated cytochrome. Tryptophane W19, a strictly conserved residue, is proximal to the heme and may interact with the tetrapyrole ring. Therefore its replacement may effect the heme properties. A change to tyrosine may have a lesser affect on the potential or electron transfer rate while a replacement of W19 by leucine is meant to introduce a more prominent disturbance in these parameters. Two of the mutants, FW19L and FH23M have segregated already and are homoplasmic. The rest are still grown under selection conditions until complete segregation will be obtained. All mutants contain assembled and functional PSII exhibiting an increased sensitivity of PSII to the light. Work is still in progress for the detailed characterization of the mutants PSII properties. A tobacco mutant, S6, obtained by Maliga and coworkers harboring the F26S mutation in the b subunit was made available to us and was characterized. Measurements of PSII charge separation and recombination, polypeptide content and electron flow indicates that this mutation indeed results in light sensitivity. Presently further work is in progress in the detailed characterization of the properties of all the above mutants. Information was obtained demonstrating that photoinactivation of PSII in vivo initiates a series of progressive changes in the properties of RCII which result in an irreversible modification of the RCII-D1 protein leading to its degradation and replacement. The cleavage process of the modified RCII-D1 protein is regulated by the occupancy of the QB site of RCII by plastoquinone. Newly synthesized D1 protein is not accumulated in a stable form unless integrated in reassembled RCII. Thus the degradation of the irreversibly modified RCII-D1 protein is essential for the recovery process. The light induced degradation of the RCII-D1 protein is rapid in mutants lacking the pD1 processing protease such as in the LF-1 mutant of the unicellular alga Scenedesmus obliquus. In this case the Mn binding site of PSII is abolished, the water oxidation process is inhibited and harmful cation radicals are formed following light induced electron flow in PSII. In such mutants photo-inactivation of PSII is rapid, it is not protected by ligands binding at the QB site and the degradation of the inactivated RCII-D1 occurs rapidly also in the dark. Furthermore the degraded D1 protein can be replaced in the dark in absence of light driven redox controlled reactions. The replacement of the RCII-D1 protein involves the de novo synthesis of the precursor protein, pD1, and its processing at the C-terminus end by an unknown processing protease. In the frame of this work, a gene previously isolated and sequenced by Dr. Pakrasi's group has been identified as encoding the RCII-pD1 C-terminus processing protease in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. The deduced sequence of the ctpA protein shows significant similarity to the bovine, human and insect interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding proteins. Results obtained using C. reinhardtii cells exposes to low light or series of single turnover light flashes have been also obtained indicating that the process of RCII-D1 protein turnover under non-photoinactivating conditions (low light) may be related to charge recombination in RCII due to back electron flow from the semiquinone QB- to the oxidised S2,3 states of the Mn cluster involved in the water oxidation process.
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5

Barefoot, Susan, Benjamin Juven, Thomas Hughes, Avraham Lalazar, A. B. Bodine, Yitzhak Ittah, and Bonita Glatz. Characterization of Bacteriocins Produced by Food Bioprocessing Propionobacteria. United States Department of Agriculture, August 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1992.7561061.bard.

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Objectives were to further characterize activity spectra of dairy propionibacteria bacteriocins, jenseniin G and propionicin PLG-1, purify them, examine the role of cell walls in resistance, examine their interactions with cytoplasmic membrane, explain producer immunity, and clone the responsible genes. Inhibitory spectra of both bacteriocins were further characterized. Propionicin was most effective in controlling Gram-positive, rather than Gram-negative organisms; it controlled growth of sensitive cells both in a culture medium and a model food system. Jenseniin inhibited yogurt cultures and may help prevent yogurt over-acidification. Both were active against botulinal spores; jenseniin was sporostatic; propionicin was sporicidal. Jenseniin was produced in broth culture, was stable to pH and temperature extremes, and was purified. Its molecular mass (3649 Da) and partial amino acid composition (74%) were determined. A blocked jenseniin N-terminus prevented sequencing. Methods to produce propionicin in liquid culture were improved, and large scale culture protocols to yield high titers were developed. Methods to detect and quantify propionicin activity were optimized and standardized. Stability of partially purified propionicin was demonstrated and an improved purification scheme was developed. Purified propionicin had a 9328-Da molecular mass, contained 99 amino acids, and was significantly hydrophobic; ten N-terminal amino acids were identified. Propionicin and Jenseniin interacted with cytoplasmic membranes; resistance of insensitive species was cell wall-related. Propionicin and jenseniin acted similarly; their mode of action appeared to differ from nisin. Spontaneous jenseniin-resistant mutants were resistant to propionicin but nisin-sensitive. The basis for producer immunity was not resolved. Although bacteriocin genes were not cloned, a jenseniin producer DNA clone bank and three possible vectors for cloning genes in propionibacteria were constructed. In addition, transposon Tn916 was conjugatively transferred to the propionicin producer from chromosomal and plasmid locations at transfer frequencies high enough to permit use of Tn916 for insertional mutagenesis or targeting genes in propionibacteria. The results provide information about the bacteriocins that further supports their usefulness as adjuncts to increase food safety and/or quality.
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6

Pavlyuk, Іhor. Культурно-інформаційний простір України в роки німецько-фашистської окупації: за матеріалами україномовної колаборантської преси. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, березень 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2023.52-53.11719.

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The purpose of thіs artіcle іs to cover the cultural and іnformatіon space of the western Ukraіnіan lands durіng the Nazі occupatіon: accordіng to the Ukraіnіan-language collaboratіng press іn the context of exіstentіal projectіons on the modern war іn Ukraіne wіth Russіa’s occupatіon of some Ukraіnіan terrіtorіes. The methodologіcal basіs of our study іs the groupіng and іnductіve-deductіve analysіs of the then medіa (іncludіng the press) by place of publіcatіon and genre-thematіc focus (perіodіcals for women, chіldren’s magazіnes, busіness newspapers and magazіnes), the separatіon of іnformatіon-analytіcal neutral and the propaganda paradіgm wіth pro-Ukraіnіan and pro-German, antі-Bolshevіk socіo-polіtіcal vectors: dіstіnguіshіng between “Ukraіnіan-language” and “Ukraіnіan-language” journalіsm, whіch іn the mass medіa turn the press іnto a metatext whose modalіty can be useful and constructіve. (state-buіldіng) and negatіve (destructіve) patterns of functіonіng of the medіa іn the enemy-occupіed terrіtory, when іt іs necessary to fіght on several fronts at the same tіme. Among the research methods used іn the artіcle: comparatіve, phenomenologіcal, psychoanalytіc (probіng archetypes), hermeneutіc, deconstructіvіst, socіo-psychologіcal. The study showed and confіrmed that one of the best іllustratіons of German polіcy іn Ukraіne durіng World War ІІ was the attіtude of the occupіer to relіgіon, Ukraіnіan women, chіldren, and other occupіers, іncludіng the Bolshevіks, as reflected іn the eponymous Ukraіnіan magazіnes (“Ukraіnіan chіld”, “Farmer”, etc.) and, of course, іn theіr content and even formal desіgn, as stated іn the text of the artіcle The obtaіned results allowed us to formulate the followіng conclusіons. An analysіs of the Ukraіnіan-language (collaboratіng) press publіshed іn the western part of Ukraіne іn 1941-1944 convіncіngly proves that only an іndependent, sovereіgn state can claіm authentіcally, deeply іts own, іdentіcal mass medіa. And controlled, because the medіa fіnanced by the occupatіon authorіtіes, although publіshed іn Ukraіnіan, were Ukraіnіan-speakіng іn letter, but German-speakіng іn spіrіt, іe not Ukraіnіan-speakіng, although well-known Ukraіnіan artіsts took part іn the creatіon of these propagandіstіc sources of іnformatіon. sіgnіfіcant names and archetypes of Ukraіnіan culture were engaged at that tіme. Key words: collaboratіng press, propaganda, іdentіty, mass medіa, cultural and іnformatіon space.
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Law, Edward, Samuel Gan-Mor, Hazel Wetzstein, and Dan Eisikowitch. Electrostatic Processes Underlying Natural and Mechanized Transfer of Pollen. United States Department of Agriculture, May 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1998.7613035.bard.

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The project objective was to more fully understand how the motion of pollen grains may be controlled by electrostatic forces, and to develop a reliable mechanized pollination system based upon sound electrostatic and aerodynamic principles. Theoretical and experimental analyses and computer simulation methods which investigated electrostatic aspects of natural pollen transfer by insects found that: a) actively flying honeybees accumulate ~ 23 pC average charge (93 pC max.) which elevates their bodies to ~ 47 V likely by triboelectrification, inducing ~ 10 fC of opposite charge onto nearby pollen grains, and overcoming their typically 0.3-3.9 nN detachment force resulting in non-contact electrostatic pollen transfer across a 5 mm or greater air gap from anther-to-bee, thus providing a theoretical basis for earlier experimental observations and "buzz pollination" events; b) charge-relaxation characteristics measured for flower structural components (viz., 3 ns and 25 ns time constants, respectively, for the stigma-style vs. waxy petal surfaces) ensure them to be electrically appropriate targets for electrodeposition of charged pollen grains but not differing sufficiently to facilitate electrodynamic focusing onto the stigma; c) conventional electrostatic focusing beneficially concentrates pollen-deposition electric fields onto the pistill tip by 3-fold as compared to that onto underlying flower structures; and d) pollen viability is adequately maintained following exposure to particulate charging/management fields exceeding 2 MV/m. Laboratory- and field-scale processes/prototype machines for electrostatic application of pollen were successfully developed to dispense pollen in both a dry-powder phase and in a liquid-carried phase utilizing corona, triboelectric, and induction particulate-charging methods; pollen-charge levels attained (~ 1-10 mC/kg) provide pollen-deposition forces 10-, 77-, and 100-fold greater than gravity, respectively, for such charged pollen grains subjected to a 1 kV/cm electric field. Lab and field evaluations have documented charged vs. ukncharged pollen deposition to be significantly (a = 0.01-0.05) increased by 3.9-5.6 times. Orchard trials showed initial fruit set on branches individually treated with electrostatically applied pollen to typically increase up to ~ 2-fold vs. uncharged pollen applications; however, whole-tree applications have not significantly shown similar levels of benefit and corrective measures continue. Project results thus contribute important basic knowledge and applied electrostatics technology which will provide agriculture with alternative/supplemental mechanized pollination systems as tranditional pollen-transfer vectors are further endangered by natural and man-fade factors.
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8

Drive modelling and performance estimation of IPM motor using SVPWM and Six-step Control Strategy. SAE International, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2021-01-0775.

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This paper presents a comprehensive evaluation of the performance of an interior permanent magnet (IPM) traction motor drive, and analyses the impact of different modulation techniques. The most widely used modulation methods in traction motor drives are Space vector modulation (SVPWM), over-modulation, and six-step modulation have been implemented. A two-dimensional electromagnetic finite element model of the motor is co-simulated with a dynamic model of a field-oriented control (FOC) circuit. For accurate tuning of the current controllers, extended complex vector synchronous frame current regulators are employed. The DC-link voltage utilization, harmonics in the output waveforms, torque ripple, iron losses, and AC copper losses are calculated and compared with sinusoidal excitation. Overall, it is concluded that the selection of modulation technique is related to the operating condition and motor speed, and a smooth transition between different modulation techniques is essential to achieve a better performance.
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