Готові списки джерел за темами / Vaccines Synthesis

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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Vaccines Synthesis"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022
Оновлено: 28 січня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Vaccines Synthesis"

1

Adegbite, Ayobami, and Pumtiwitt C. McCarthy. "Recent and Future Advances in the Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Homogeneous Glycans for Bacterial Glycoconjugate Vaccine Development." Vaccines 9, no. 9 (September 14, 2021): 1021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9091021.

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Анотація:
Vaccines are important in preventing disease outbreaks and controlling the spread of disease in a population. A variety of vaccines exist, including subunit, recombinant, and conjugate vaccines. Glycoconjugate vaccines have been an important tool to fight against diseases caused by a number of bacteria. Glycoconjugate vaccines are often heterogeneous. Vaccines of the future are becoming more rationally designed to have a defined oligosaccharide chain length and position of conjugation. Homogenous vaccines could play an important role in assessing the relationship between vaccine structure and immune response. This review focuses on recent advances in the chemoenzymatic production of defined bacterial oligosaccharides for vaccine development with a focus on Neisseria meningitidis and selected WHO-prioritized antibacterial resistant-pathogens. We also provide some perspective on future advances in the chemoenzymatic synthesis of well-defined oligosaccharides.
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2

Zhou, Yang, Abid H. Banday, Victor J. Hruby, and Minying Cai. "Development of N-Acetylated Dipalmitoyl-S-Glyceryl Cysteine Analogs as Efficient TLR2/TLR6 Agonists." Molecules 24, no. 19 (September 27, 2019): 3512. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24193512.

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Cancer vaccine is a promising immunotherapeutic approach to train the immune system with vaccines to recognize and eliminate tumors. Adjuvants are compounds that are necessary in cancer vaccines to mimic an infection process and amplify immune responses. The Toll-like receptor 2 and 6 (TLR2/TLR6) agonist dipalmitoyl-S-glyceryl cysteine (Pam2Cys) was demonstrated as an ideal candidate for synthetic vaccine adjuvants. However, the synthesis of Pam2Cys requires expensive N-protected cysteine as a key reactant, which greatly limits its application as a synthetic vaccine adjuvant in large-scaled studies. Here, we report the development of N-acetylated Pam2Cys analogs as TLR2/TLR6 agonists. Instead of N-protected cysteine, the synthesis utilizes N-acetylcysteine to bring down the synthetic costs. The N-acetylated Pam2Cys analogs were demonstrated to activate TLR2/TLR6 in vitro. Moreover, molecular docking studies were performed to provide insights into the molecular mechanism of how N-acetylated Pam2Cys analogs bind to TLR2/TLR6. Together, these results suggest N-acetylated Pam2Cys analogs as inexpensive and promising synthetic vaccine adjuvants to accelerate the development of cancer vaccines in the future.
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3

Goldstein, Leslie GB. "Safety and Efficacy of Influenza Vaccine in Children." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 37, no. 11 (November 2003): 1712–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1345/aph.1d009.

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OBJECTIVE: To describe the safety and efficacy of influenza vaccines in asthmatic children. DATA SOURCES: Literature was identified by a MEDLINE search (2002–March 2003). Key search terms included asthma, exacerbation, children, vaccine, and influenza. DATA SYNTHESIS: Concerns that the influenza vaccine may exacerbate asthma attacks have kept many asthmatic children from receiving this immunization. Researchers have conducted studies to determine the burden of influenza on asthmatic children, the safety of influenza vaccines, and their benefit in the presence of glucocorticoid burst therapy in the same population. CONCLUSIONS: Influenza vaccines tested are safe and efficacious in asthmatic children.
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4

Wintermeyer, Susan M., Milap C. Nahata, and Kay S. Kyllonen. "Whole-Cell and Acellular Pertussis Vaccines." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 28, no. 7-8 (July 1994): 925–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106002809402800718.

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OBJECTIVE: To provide a review of pertussis vaccines, including information on efficacy, adverse reactions, and antibody production following administration of both whole-cell and acellular pertussis vaccines. DATA SOURCES: A MEDLINE search and extensive review of journals was conducted to identify the information for this review. DATA EXTRACTION: Pertinent studies reporting experience with pertussis vaccinations were reviewed. DATA SYNTHESIS: The differences in efficacy, adverse reactions, and antibody responses between whole-cell and acellular pertussis vaccines are emphasized. The status of acellular pertussis vaccination in the US is defined. CONCLUSIONS: Acellular (chemically detoxified or recombinant) pertussis vaccine formulation appears to cause fewer adverse reactions than whole-cell vaccine in most studies. Clinical efficacy and safety in the very young has not been well established. Thus, acellular pertussis vaccine is reserved for the 4th and 5th doses in the US. Oral or intranasal formulations of the pertussis vaccine are being evaluated.
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Mitchell, Hana, Rebecca Lim, Prubjot K. Gill, Joban Dhanoa, Ève Dubé, and Julie A. Bettinger. "What do adolescents think about vaccines? Systematic review of qualitative studies." PLOS Global Public Health 2, no. 9 (September 29, 2022): e0001109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0001109.

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Анотація:
Adolescence presents a key opportunity to build vaccine-related health literacy and promote vaccine confidence and uptake. Although adolescents are central to vaccination programs, their views around vaccines are frequently underrepresented in qualitative literature. We reviewed qualitative studies to systematically identify and summarize existing evidence on adolescents’ own understanding of vaccines and experiences with vaccine decision-making, including self-consent when applicable. CINAHL; Embase; Ovid Medline; and Psych Info database searches were last updated on May 28, 2022. Data pertaining to general study characteristics, participant demographics, and qualitative content were extracted independently by two reviewers and analyzed using textual narrative synthesis. Out of 3559 individual records, 59 studies were included. The majority of the studies were conducted in high-income countries and 75% focused on human papilloma virus vaccines, with the remaining studies looking at COVID-19, meningococcal, hepatitis B and influenza vaccines or adolescent experiences with vaccines in general. Adolescent self-consent was explored in 7 studies. Perspectives from sexual and gender minorities were lacking across studies. Adolescents often had limited understanding of different vaccines and commonly perceived vaccine information to be directed towards their parents rather than themselves. Many adolescents felt school-based vaccine education and information available through healthcare providers were insufficient to make informed decisions about vaccines. While adolescents described obtaining vaccine information from traditional and online media, face-to-face interactions and opinions from trusted adults remained important. Adolescents generally relied on their parents for vaccine-decision making, even when self-consent was an option. A notable exception to this included marginalized adolescents who could not rely on parents for health-related advice. Qualitative literature about adolescent vaccines would be enriched by studies examining vaccines other than the HPV vaccine, studies examining adolescent vaccine programs in low and middle-income countries, and by deliberately eliciting vaccine experiences of adolescent with diverse sexual orientation and gender identities.
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6

Xu, Shuqin, Kunpeng Yang, Rose Li, and Lu Zhang. "mRNA Vaccine Era—Mechanisms, Drug Platform and Clinical Prospection." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 18 (September 9, 2020): 6582. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21186582.

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Анотація:
Messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA)-based drugs, notably mRNA vaccines, have been widely proven as a promising treatment strategy in immune therapeutics. The extraordinary advantages associated with mRNA vaccines, including their high efficacy, a relatively low severity of side effects, and low attainment costs, have enabled them to become prevalent in pre-clinical and clinical trials against various infectious diseases and cancers. Recent technological advancements have alleviated some issues that hinder mRNA vaccine development, such as low efficiency that exist in both gene translation and in vivo deliveries. mRNA immunogenicity can also be greatly adjusted as a result of upgraded technologies. In this review, we have summarized details regarding the optimization of mRNA vaccines, and the underlying biological mechanisms of this form of vaccines. Applications of mRNA vaccines in some infectious diseases and cancers are introduced. It also includes our prospections for mRNA vaccine applications in diseases caused by bacterial pathogens, such as tuberculosis. At the same time, some suggestions for future mRNA vaccine development about storage methods, safety concerns, and personalized vaccine synthesis can be found in the context.
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7

Force, Rex W., Ralph A. Lugo, and Milap C. Nahata. "Haemophilus Influenzae Type B Conjugate Vaccines." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 26, no. 11 (November 1992): 1429–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106002809202601117.

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Анотація:
OBJECTIVE: To review the epidemiology of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) disease, the first Hib vaccine and its limitations, the characteristics and clinical efficacy of the newer conjugate vaccines, and the current recommendations for administration of Hib vaccines. DATA SOURCES: Pertinent literature was identified via a MEDLINE search. Additionally, references cited in published articles were used as data sources. STUDY SELECTION: Studies describing the epidemiology of Hib disease and the efficacy and/or immunogenicity of the Hib vaccines are reviewed. DATA SYNTHESIS: Serious invasive disease secondary to Hib infection causes significant morbidity and mortality in children between the ages of three months and five years. The original Hib vaccine was found to be ineffective in stimulating an adequate immune response in children younger than two years of age. The new Hib conjugate vaccines provide superior efficacy and immunogenicity compared with the original unconjugated vaccine. They stimulate an immune response that is distinctly different from that elicited by the original vaccine. Two vaccine products are currently licensed for use in children as young as two months of age, thus conferring immunity to those children at highest risk for Hib disease. CONCLUSIONS: The new Hib conjugate vaccines provide excellent efficacy and, when used as recommended, may significantly reduce the incidence of invasive Hib disease and its sequelae.
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8

Sheibak, V. M., and M. V. Haretskaya. "DEVELOPMENT OF VACCINES FOR SARS-COV-2." Journal of the Grodno State Medical University 20, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.25298/2221-8785-2022-20-1-5-12.

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Анотація:
Background. Currently, an active search for effective vaccines against the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus continues. Purpose. To analyze the literature and assess the status of active vaccine development against SARS-CoV-2. Material and methods. We analyzed Russian and English language literature sources on the problem of finding an effective vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. Results. Structural proteins of the coronavirus have been analyzed as basic compounds for the development of vaccines. It was found that protein S is an ideal structure for creating vaccines that effectively induce the synthesis of neutralizing antibodies and provide the formation of immunity. Information about current trends in vaccine development has been obtained. Conclusions. The SARS-CoV-2 virus continues to mutate, which leads to the emergence of new highly contagious strains such as Delta, Omicron. In this regard, more research and clinical trials are needed to confirm the effectiveness of the current SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, or to continue developing the new ones.
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9

Su, Huali, Qing Liu, Xiaoping Bian, Shifeng Wang, Roy Curtiss, and Qingke Kong. "Synthesis and delivery of Streptococcus pneumoniae capsular polysaccharides by recombinant attenuated Salmonella vaccines." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 2 (December 30, 2020): e2013350118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2013350118.

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Streptococcus pneumoniae capsular polysaccharides (CPSs) are major determinants of bacterial pathogenicity. CPSs of different serotypes form the main components of the pneumococcal vaccines Pneumovax, Prevnar7, and Prevnar13, which substantially reduced the S. pneumoniae disease burden in developed countries. However, the laborious production processes of traditional polysaccharide-based vaccines have raised the cost of the vaccines and limited their impact in developing countries. The aim of this study is to develop a kind of low-cost live vaccine based on using the recombinant attenuated Salmonella vaccine (RASV) system to protect against pneumococcal infections. We cloned genes for seven different serotypes of CPSs to be expressed by the RASV strain. Oral immunization of mice with the RASV-CPS strains elicited robust Th1 biased adaptive immune responses. All the CPS-specific antisera mediated opsonophagocytic killing of the corresponding serotype of S. pneumoniae in vitro. The RASV-CPS2 and RASV-CPS3 strains provided efficient protection of mice against challenge infections with either S. pneumoniae strain D39 or WU2. Synthesis and delivery of S. pneumoniae CPSs using the RASV strains provide an innovative strategy for low-cost pneumococcal vaccine development, production, and use.
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10

Moysa, A. A., and E. F. Kolesanova. "Synthetic peptide vaccines." Biomeditsinskaya Khimiya 57, no. 1 (January 2011): 14–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.18097/pbmc20115701104.

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Анотація:
This review considers the stages of the development of synthetic peptide vaccines against infectious agents, novel approaches and technologies employed in this process, including bioinformatics, genomics, proteomics, large-scale peptide synthesis, high-throughput screening methods, the use of transgenic animals for modelling human infections. An important role for the development and selection of efficient adjuvants for peptide immunogens is noted. Examples of synthetic peptide vaccine developments against three infectious diseases (malaria, hepatitis C, and foot-and-mouth disease) are given.
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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Vaccines Synthesis"

1

Sarkar, Sourav. "SYNTHESIS AND STUDY OF ANTI-TUMOR VACCINES." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1345008057.

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2

Kärkkäinen, Tiina Sinikka. "Synthesis of glycopeptide-based anti-cancer vaccines." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.273509.

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3

Haynie, Teron D. "Synthesis of Bacterial Surface Glycans for Conjugate Vaccines." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2020. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8669.

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Анотація:
Bacteria are coated with repeating units of oligosaccharides that exhibit remarkable diversity. Often, glycan units of three or even two sugars are sufficient to identify a species of bacteria. Such specificity makes bacterial surface glycans attractive vaccine targets. However, efforts to create effective vaccines against carbohydrates have been hampered by poor vaccine design as well as the human immune tendency to respond to glycan antigens with non-specific, T-cell independent mechanisms. As a result, carbohydrate vaccines have historically produced only adequate memory responses in healthy individuals and poor responses in the elderly or immunocompromised. To circumvent these issues, a novel conjugate vaccine was developed that utilizes theQβ virus-like particle carrier that displays both a carbohydrate antigen as well as a Natural Killer T cell adjuvant. This unique vaccine has been reported to stimulate the production of high affinity (nanomolar) antibodies against carbohydrate antigens. To further conjugate vaccine research, the present work synthesizes two bacterial surface antigens: a trisaccharide from Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 23F (Sp23F), and a pentasaccharide from Ruminococcus gnavus (Rg). Sp23F has been characterized as one of the more virulent and disease-causing strains of S. pneumoniae. Rg secretes highly immunostimulatory proteins and is associated with irritable bowel syndrome. The Sp23F antigen is synthesized with an alkyne at the reducing end of the sugar to facilitate coupling to Qβ. A selection reagent for Sp23F is also synthesized to enable the extraction of antibodies and B cells that bind the antigen. In conjunction with providing a conjugate vaccine antigen, the Rg pentasaccharide will be examined as a TLR4 ligand and was therefore synthesized without an alkyne. The Rg conjugate vaccine shows promise in treating irritable bowel syndrome as well as facilitating research into the role Rg plays in the human microbiome.
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4

Karmakar, Partha. "Synthesis and Study of MUC1-Based Anti-tumor Vaccines." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1449750902.

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5

Pan, Yanbin. "1. Design and Synthesis of Carbohydrate Cancer Vaccines Based on Biochemical Modification of Cancer Cells 2. Studies on the Total Synthesis of an Antitumor Saponin, OSW-1." online version, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=case1121130600.

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6

Hewitt, Michael Charles 1975. "Solution and solid-phase synthesis of potential carbohydrate vaccines for leishmaniasis and malaria." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/27111.

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Анотація:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemistry, 2002.
Vita.
Includes bibliographical references.
The human disease leishmaniasis afflicts over 20 million people worldwide, and is caused by unicellular protozoan parasites. Cell surface carbohydrates are implicated in immune recognition of the parasite by host macrophages. The synthesis of a unique tetrasaccharide found on the parasite cell surface lipophosphoglycan is described. The synthetic material was used to create two novel immungens that are currently being evaluated in an animal model. New methods were also developed for an automated solid-phase synthesis that took a fraction of the time required for the solution-phase synthesis. Malaria kills over 2 million people per year, and is caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Plasmodium. Much of the morbidity and mortality associated with malaria is thought to be due to a toxin released in the host following red blood cell rupture. A glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor of parasite origin was recently identified, and had the properties of a toxin. The synthesis of a modified version of the malarial GPI both in solution and on solid-phase in an automated fashion is described. The synthetic material was attached to a carrier protein and used to immunize mice, who were substantially protected against all aspects of a subsequent challenge by malarial parasites. A new capping protocol for automated solid-phase synthesis is described. A novel fluorous silyl triflate was used to tag deletion sequences that could then be separated from the desired sequence by filtration through fluorous reverse-phase silica gel. Two trisaccharide sequences were synthesized both with and without fluorous capping to demonstrate the effectiveness of the capping protocol.
by Michael Charles Hewitt.
Ph.D.
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7

Nishat, Sharmeen. "Syntheses and Immunological Evaluation of Zwitterionic Polysaccharide (PS A1) Based Vaccines." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1470365834.

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8

Le, Guen Yann. "Synthèse de fragments diversement acétylés des polysaccharides spécifiques des bactéries Shigella flexneri type I." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCB143.

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Анотація:
Shigella flexneri est une entérobactérie Gram négatif responsable de la forme endémique de la shigellose, l’une des quatre causes majeures d’infection diarrhéique chez les jeunes enfants. La cible majeure de la réponse immunitaire lors d’une infection naturelle est le polysaccharide de surface (PS). Chez S. flexneri 1b, l’un des sérotypes prévalents dans les pays en voie de développement, le PS est défini par le pentasaccharide ramifié α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→3)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→3)-[α-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)]-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranoside [I] di-O-acétylé. Ces travaux s’intègrent dans un projet visant le développement d’un vaccin basé sur des sucres synthétiques à couverture large contre les infections par Shigella. Afin de concevoir des glycoconjugués efficaces et induisant une bonne réponse immunitaire chez les enfants, des synthèses multi-grammes des précurseurs mono- à pentasaccharidiques ont été optimisées permettant une stratégie par blocs en vue de l’obtention d’oligosaccharides de grande taille. Au cours de ces synthèses, l’obtention du trisaccharide ramifié C(E)D clé a nécessité de nombreuses optimisations, permettant la conception de synthons tri- à pentasaccharides. Un choix des groupements protecteurs orthogonaux nous a permis d’investiguer les différentes conditions de couplages nous donnant accès à 28 oligosaccharides déprotégés courts diversement acétylés. La validation de ces condensations avec des partenaires plus complexes a permis d’accéder à un large panel d’une cinquantaine d’oligosaccharides de di- à pentadécasaccharides sous leur forme libre, ou encore protégés avec divers degrés d’acétylation
700,000 children die each year due to diarrheal diseases, making it the second cause of death among this population. Shigella flexneri is a Gram negative enterobacterium responsible of the endemic form of shigellosis in developing countries. The O-antigen part of the bacterial lipopolysaccharide is the major target of the immune system during natural infection. The O-antigen of S. flexeni 1b, one of the prevalent serotypes, is defined by a ramified pentasaccharide made of three L-rhamnose, one D-glucosamine and one D-glucose with two non-stoichiometric sites for acetylation (I). This work is part of the project aimed at the development of a synthetic carbohydrate-based vaccine against Shigella infections. In order to obtain suitable glyconjugates inducing a high level of protection especially in children, the synthesis of mono- to pentasaccharide precursors was optimized, allowing a convergent synthesis of oligosaccharides with different acetylation patterns. Optimization of the glycosylation conditions, acetylations and protecting group manipulations enable the access to fragments from di to pentadecasaccharides representing S. flexneri type I O-antigen
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9

Pifferi, Carlo. "Design and synthesis of multivalent glycoconjugates for anti-cancer immunotherapy." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAV060/document.

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Анотація:
Le cancer est l’une des principales causes de mort dans le pays développés ; bien que les opérations chirurgicales, la radiothérapie et la chimiothérapie représentent aujourd’hui les principales options de traitement des patients souffrants de tumeurs malignes, leurs effets secondaires sévères ont ouvert la voie au développement de l’immunothérapie antitumorale. A part l’immunothérapie passive, qui est basée sur les anticorps ou tout autre composant du système immunitaire synthétisés en dehors du corps dont la potentielle menace de réactions immunes a été prouvée, nous avons concentré nos efforts sur l’immunothérapie active, qui réside dans la stimulation du système immunitaire du patient pour éradiquer sélectivement les cellules malignes. L’identification d’antigènes carbohydrates associés aux tumeurs (TACAs), surexprimés à la surface des cellules cancéreuses, a permis le développement de vaccins spécifiques à cet antigène. Il est connu depuis plus de 40 ans que la majorité des cancers chez l’homme sont caractérisés par une glycosylation aberrante. Les cellules tumorales peuvent surexprimer des versions tronquées d’oligosaccharides, une séquence terminale inhabituelle ou une augmentation de la sialylation des glycolipides et des glycoprotéines de surface. Un oligosaccharide d’une glycoprotéine tronqué peut rendre une partie de la chaîne principale du peptide, d’habitude caché par le sucre, plus accessible au système immunitaire. Parmi les différents TACAs, nous avons concentré notre attention sur les antigènes Tn et Tf, qui peuvent être trouvés sur des glycoprotéines comme MUC-1, surexprimés sur plus de 90% des carcinomes du sein. Bien que la conception de ces immunomodulateurs repose toujours sur des règles empiriques, il est important de déclencher à la fois la réponse humorale et cellulaire, ainsi qu’un effet de mémoire. Ce défi peut être relevé en combinant, sur une seule molécule, l’antigène carbohydrate exprimés à la surface des tumeurs (épitope des cellules B), les peptides capables de stimuler les cellules CD4+ et CD8+ (épitopes des cellules T) et un adjuvant, pour recueillir tous les éléments du système immunitaire au niveau du site d’injection et renforcer l’absorption des antigènes. De précédentes études faites dans notre groupe de recherche ont publié pour la première fois la synthèse et l’évaluation immunologique d’un prototype de vaccin anticancéreux à quatre composant capable d’induire une réponse immunitaire de longue durée sur des modèles murins. Dans mon travail de thèse, nous avons voulu synthétiser des prototypes de vaccin anticancéreux basés sur les TACAs avec des propriétés immunologiques accrues. Notre stratégie de conception a été guidée par (i) l’importance d’une haute densité de carbohydrates pour promouvoir une capture d’antigène plus efficace et un traitement par les cellules présentatrices d’antigène, et (ii) l’expression hétérogène des TACAs au cours de la maladie et parmi différents patients. En respectant ces deux aspects, il sera possible de déclencher une réponse immunitaire plus forte et à plusieurs facettes
Cancer is one on the leading causes of death in developed countries; although surgical resection, direct irradiation and cytotoxic chemotherapy represent nowadays the main treatment options for patients suffering with malignancies, their severe side effects paved the way for the rise in popularity of antitumoral immunotherapy. Apart from passive immunotherapy, which is comprised of antibodies or other immune system components that are made outside of the body and has been shown to be associated to potentially life threatening immune reactions, we focused our efforts towards active immunotherapy, which purpose is stimulate the patient immune system to selectively eradicate malignant cells. The identification of tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs) on the surface of cancer cells has allowed the development of antigen-specific vaccines. It has been known for over four decades that the majority of human cancers are characterized by aberrant glycosylation. Tumor cells may over-express truncated versions of oligosaccharides, unusual terminal oligosaccharide sequences, or increase sialylation of cell-surface glycolipids and O- and N-linked glycoproteins. A truncated oligosaccharide of a glycoprotein may render a part of the peptide backbone, which is normally shielded by the glycan, more accessible to the immune system. Among the assortment of TACAs we focussed our attention on Tn and TF-antigens, which can be found in membrane-bound glycoproteins like MUC-1, over-expressed in more than 90% of breast carcinomas. Although the design of such immuno-modulators still relies on empiric rules, it is noteworthy important to trigger both humoral and cellular responses, and a memory effect. This challenge can be achieved by combining, within a single molecule, carbohydrate antigen expressed on the surface of tumors (B-cell epitope), peptides capable to stimulate both CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells (T-cell epitopes) and an adjuvant, to gather immune system elements in the injection site and boost the antigen uptake. Previous studies of our research group reported for the first time the synthesis and immunological evaluation of a four-component anticancer vaccine prototype capable of inducing a long-lasting immune response in mice models. In my PhD work we aimed to synthesize TACA-based anticancer vaccine prototypes with improved immunological properties. The principles which guided our design strategies rely on (i) the importance of a high density of carbohydrate epitopes to promote a more effective antigen capture and processing by antigen-presenting cells, and (ii) the evidence of heterogenic expression patterns of TACAs during the course of the disease and among different individuals. Addressing these two aspects would provide a stronger and multifaceted immune response
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10

Forner, Mar 1980. "Multi-epitope peptide platforms for vaccine applications." Doctoral thesis, TDX (Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa), 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671028.

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Vaccination constitutes one of the most efficient and cost-effective methods of promoting global health. Nevertheless, few vaccines are fully effective, for manifold reasons ranging from intrinsic limitations to more contingent shortcomings related, e.g., to cold chain transport, handling and storage. In this context, peptide-based vaccines that consist of a fully synthetic approach mimicking B-and T-cell epitopes have emerged as an attractive alternative to overcome many such issues. Unfortunately, short peptides have generally been related to low immunogenicity and weak protection. In this thesis, we continue the progress towards the development of efficient peptide vaccines against foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) –a highly contagious viral disease of livestock that has a major economic impact. Particularly, the protective immune response under different conditions (dose, duration, different T-cell epitopes and novel candidates) is assessed in animal models. Moreover, we report the chemical synthesis of higher polyvalent peptide dendrimers using “click” chemistry methods of chemoselective ligation.
La vacunació constitueix un dels mètodes més eficients i rendibles per promoure la salut mundial. No obstant això, poques vacunes són plenament efectives, per diverses raons que van des de limitacions intrínseques a deficiències més contingents relacionades, per exemple, amb el transport, manipulació i/o emmagatzematge en cadena de fred. En aquest context, les vacunes basades en pèptids, que plantegen un enfocament totalment sintètic en la reproducció d’epítops de cèl·lules B i T, han sorgit com una alternativa atractiva per superar molts d’aquests problemes. Malauradament, els pèptids lineals i curts s’han relacionat generalment amb baixa immunogenicitat i baixa protecció. En aquesta tesi continuem avançant cap al desenvolupament de vacunes peptídiques eficaces contra la febre aftosa, una malaltia vírica del bestiar altament contagiosa i amb important impacte econòmic. En particular, hem avaluat la resposta immune sota diverses condicions (dosi, durada, diferents epítops de cèl·lules T i nous candidats) en models animals. A més, també hem desenvolupat la síntesi de pèptids multivalents utilitzant reaccions de lligament quimioselectiu amb la coneguda química “click”.
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Книги з теми "Vaccines Synthesis"

1

Guido, Grandi, ed. Genomics, proteomics, and vaccines. Chichester: Wiley, 2004.

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B, Beklemishev A., Savich I. M, and Vorobʹev, A. A., chl.-kor. AMN SSSR., eds. Sovremennye podkhody k konstruirovanii͡u molekuli͡arnykh vakt͡sin. Novosibirsk: Izd-vo "Nauka," Sibirskoe otd-nie, 1987.

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Laboratory animals in vaccine production and control: Replacement, reduction, and refinement. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1988.

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4

Bruce, Nicholson, ed. Synthetic vaccines. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1994.

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5

P, Talwar G., Rao K. V. S, and Chauhan V. S, eds. Recombinant and synthetic vaccines. New Delhi: Narosa Pub. House, 1994.

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6

1925-, Brown Fred, ed. Vaccine design. Chichester: Wiley, 1993.

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7

A, Hughes Huw P., and Campos Manuel, eds. Designer vaccines: Principles for successful prophylaxis. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1998.

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8

1947-, Isaacson Richard E., ed. Recombinant DNA vaccines: Rationale and strategy. New York: Marcel Dekker, 1992.

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9

International Symposium on the Immunobiology of Proteins and Peptides: Vaccines--Mechanisms, Design, and Applications (1989 Alberta). Immunobiology of proteins and peptides V: Vaccines : mechanisms, design, and applications. New York: Plenum Press, 1989.

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10

1946-, Cohen Sara, Shafferman A, and OHOLO Conference on Vaccines: Novel Strategies in Design and Production (1995 : Eilat, Israel), eds. Novel strategies in the design and production of vaccines. New York: Plenum Press, 1996.

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Частини книг з теми "Vaccines Synthesis"

1

Potetinova, Zhanna, and Gordon E. Willick. "Synthesis of Peptide-Based Vaccines." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 361–62. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-73657-0_159.

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2

Murray, Michael G., and Eckard Wimmer. "Chemical Synthesis of Poliovirus Peptides and Neutralizing Antibody Responses." In New Vaccines and Chemotherapy, 129–40. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9268-3_11.

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3

Skakic, Ivana, Jasmine E. Francis, and Peter M. Smooker. "Design and Synthesis of Protein-Based Nanocapsule Vaccines." In Vaccine Design, 339–54. New York, NY: Springer US, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1892-9_17.

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4

Kowalczyk, Renata, Margaret A. Brimble, and Rod Dunbar. "Synthesis of Mannosylated Glycopeptides as Components for Synthetic Vaccines." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 351–52. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-73657-0_155.

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5

Torres, Oscar B., Carl R. Alving, and Gary R. Matyas. "Synthesis of Hapten-Protein Conjugate Vaccines with Reproducible Hapten Densities." In Vaccine Design, 695–710. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3387-7_39.

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6

Litschko, Christa, Insa Budde, Monika Berger, and Timm Fiebig. "Exploitation of Capsule Polymerases for Enzymatic Synthesis of Polysaccharide Antigens Used in Glycoconjugate Vaccines." In Vaccine Delivery Technology, 313–30. New York, NY: Springer US, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0795-4_16.

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7

Brent Chesson, C., Rojelio Elias Alvarado, and Jai S. Rudra. "Microwave-Assisted Synthesis and Immunological Evaluation of Self-Assembling Peptide Vaccines." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 249–59. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7811-3_15.

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8

Stocker, Bridget L., Alexandra Hölemann, and Peter H. Seeberger. "Automated Oligosaccharide Synthesis to Create Vaccines for Malaria and Other Parasites." In ACS Symposium Series, 137–62. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2008-0989.ch007.

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9

Koganty, R. Rao, Damayanthi Yalamati, and Zi-Hua Jiang. "Glycopeptide-Based Cancer Vaccines: The Role of Synthesis and Structural Definition." In ACS Symposium Series, 311–34. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2008-0989.ch014.

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Chua, Brendon Y., Weiguang Zeng, and David C. Jackson. "Synthesis of Toll-Like Receptor-2 Targeting Lipopeptides as Self-Adjuvanting Vaccines." In Peptide-Based Drug Design, 247–61. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-419-3_14.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Vaccines Synthesis"

1

Campo, Vanessa Leiria, Marcelo Dias Baruffi, and Ivone Carvalho. "Synthesis of glycopeptides mimetics of T. cruzi and tumor mucins as potential vaccines." In 15th Brazilian Meeting on Organic Synthesis. São Paulo: Editora Edgard Blücher, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5151/chempro-15bmos-bmos2013_2013819161927.

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2

Svarovsky, Sergei A., and Joseph J. Barchi. "SYNTHESIS OF MULTIVALENT TUMOR-ASSOCIATED GLYCOPEPTIDE ANTIGENS AS POTENTIAL CANCER VACCINES." In XXIst International Carbohydrate Symposium 2002. TheScientificWorld Ltd, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2002.680.

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3

SEEBERGER, PETER H. "AUTOMATED OLIGOSACCHARIDE SYNTHESIS: FROM INSIGHTS INTO FUNDAMENTAL GLYCOBIOLOGY TO VACCINES AND DIAGNOSTICS." In 23rd International Solvay Conference on Chemistry. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814603836_0020.

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4

Rekoslavskaya, N. I., R. K. Salyaev, and А. S. Stolbikov. "ABOUT THE METHODS OF THE INTENSIFICATION OF THE SYNTHESIS OF ANTIGENIC PROTEINS WITH USING PLANT VIRUS REGULATORY ELEMENTS AT THE DEVELOPMENT OF INNOVATIVE VACCINES ON THE BASE OF PLANT EXPRESSION SYSTEMS." In The All-Russian Scientific Conference with International Participation and Schools of Young Scientists "Mechanisms of resistance of plants and microorganisms to unfavorable environmental". SIPPB SB RAS, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31255/978-5-94797-319-8-1348-1352.

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V.S., Petrenko, and Krotova O.E. "PRODUCTION OF HUMAN LEPTOSPIROSIS VACCINE WITH INCLUDED STRAIN OF LEPTOSPIRA INTERROGANS OF SEROGROUP CANICOLA." In "INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN SCIENCE AND EDUCATION". ДГТУ-Принт, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/itno.2021.163-165.

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The leptospirosis vaccine is the main method of preventing the occurrence and spread of leptospirosis. Compliance with the standards of manufacturing, labeling, and storage is mandatory for immunological preparations. All stages of vaccine production must comply with the rules established by the Ministry of Industry and Trade and ensure its safety for humans. The article presents epidemiological data on leptospirosis in the Russian Federation in the period from 2013 to 2018. A method for producing a vaccine against human leptospirosis is described. The leptospirosis vaccine is polyvalent using membrane technologies and semi-synthetic culture media. It eliminates the use of foreign protein and does not require cleaning. The vaccine is an opalescent liquid with sediment and a pH of 7.2-7.6 and it is not allowed to contain live leptospira. Vaccination is carried out according to epidemiological indicators. Leptospirosis suspension forms specific immunity for 1 year.
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Kunz, Horst, Stefanie Keil, Nicole Bezay, Constanze Brocke, and Sebastian Dziadek. "SYNTHETIC GLYCOPEPTIDES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF ANTITUMOR VACCINES." In XXIst International Carbohydrate Symposium 2002. TheScientificWorld Ltd, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2002.362.

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7

Bordoloi, Devivasha, Peng Xiao, Hyeree Choi, Michelle Ho, Alfredo Perales-Puchalt, Makan Khoshnejad, J. Joseph Kim, et al. "Abstract 1915: Novel synthetic DNA vaccines in prostate cancer immunotherapy." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2021; April 10-15, 2021 and May 17-21, 2021; Philadelphia, PA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2021-1915.

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Sizova, Olga V., Andrei V. Nikolaev, and Michael A. J. Ferguson. "THE PREPARATION OF NEOGLYCOPROTEINS AS POTENTIAL SYNTHETIC ANTI-LEISHMANIA VACCINES." In XXIst International Carbohydrate Symposium 2002. TheScientificWorld Ltd, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2002.678.

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9

Jiang, Ziqing, Lajos Gera, Wendy Hartsock, Zhe Yan, Brook Hirsch, Colin T. Mant, Zhaohui Qian, Kathryn V. Kathryn V., J. Paul Kirwan, and Robert S. Hodges. "Platform Technology to Develop Synthetic Peptide Vaccines to Prevent Viral Infections." In The Twenty-Third American and the Sixth International Peptide Symposium. Prompt Scientific Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.17952/23aps.2013.132.

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Griebel, Adam, Tyler Novak, Kent D. Butz, Kevin Harris, Amy Kornokovich, Michael Chiappetta, and Corey P. Neu. "Prestress as an Optimal Biomechanical Parameter for Needle Penetration and Formulation Injection." In ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-53202.

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Intradermal and subcutaneous needle injections have long been used as a means to deliver vital medication subcutaneously across a range of applications from vaccines to insulin [1]. In order to optimize the efficacy of these injections, the needle must penetrate precisely to a targeted depth. However, the actual net penetration of the needle beneath the surface of the skin is confounded by the deflection of the skin. With the rise of the use of auto-injectors in such fields as diabetes care, achieving the actual required penetration becomes exceedingly important. There have been previous attempts to characterize this deflection [2–4], but these were limited in that they did not account for a range of factors that play a role in the penetration mechanics, and many were based on mathematical models, synthetic skin substitutes, or other tissues. The purpose of our work was to investigate the multiple factors that govern needle penetration and injection, including velocity, needle gauge, depth of insertion, and skin prestress.
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Звіти організацій з теми "Vaccines Synthesis"

1

Dudkin, Vadim, and Samuel J. Danishefsky. Targeting Breast Cancer by Active Immunotherapy: Chemical Synthesis of Multiantigenic Unimolecular Antitumor Vaccines. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada428193.

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Tulloch, Olivia, Tamara Roldan de Jong, and Kevin Bardosh. Data Synthesis: COVID-19 Vaccine Perceptions in Africa: Social and Behavioural Science Data, March 2020-March 2021. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2021.030.

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Safe and effective vaccines against COVID-19 are seen as a critical path to ending the pandemic. This synthesis brings together data related to public perceptions about COVID-19 vaccines collected between March 2020 and March 2021 in 22 countries in Africa. It provides an overview of the data (primarily from cross-sectional perception surveys), identifies knowledge and research gaps and presents some limitations of translating the available evidence to inform local operational decisions. The synthesis is intended for those designing and delivering vaccination programmes and COVID-19 risk communication and community engagement (RCCE). 5 large-scale surveys are included with over 12 million respondents in 22 central, eastern, western and southern African countries (note: one major study accounts for more than 10 million participants); data from 14 peer-reviewed questionnaire surveys in 8 countries with n=9,600 participants and 15 social media monitoring, qualitative and community feedback studies. Sample sizes are provided in the first reference for each study and in Table 13 at the end of this document. The data largely predates vaccination campaigns that generally started in the first quarter of 2021. Perceptions will change and further syntheses, that represent the whole continent including North Africa, are planned. This review is part of the Social Science in Humanitarian Action Platform (SSHAP) series on COVID-19 vaccines. It was developed for SSHAP by Anthrologica. It was written by Kevin Bardosh (University of Washington), Tamara Roldan de Jong and Olivia Tulloch (Anthrologica), it was reviewed by colleagues from PERC, LSHTM, IRD, and UNICEF (see acknowledgments) and received coordination support from the RCCE Collective Service. It is the responsibility of SSHAP.
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Tulloch, Olivia, Tamara Roldan de Jong, and Kevin Bardosh. Data Synthesis: COVID-19 Vaccine Perceptions in Sub-Saharan Africa: Social and Behavioural Science Data, March 2020-April 2021. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2028.

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Анотація:
Safe and effective vaccines against COVID-19 are seen as a critical path to ending the pandemic. This synthesis brings together data related to public perceptions about COVID-19 vaccines collected between March 2020 and March 2021 in 22 countries in Africa. It provides an overview of the data (primarily from cross-sectional perception surveys), identifies knowledge and research gaps and presents some limitations of translating the available evidence to inform local operational decisions. The synthesis is intended for those designing and delivering vaccination programmes and COVID-19 risk communication and community engagement (RCCE). 5 large-scale surveys are included with over 12 million respondents in 22 central, eastern, western and southern African countries (note: one major study accounts for more than 10 million participants); data from 14 peer-reviewed questionnaire surveys in 8 countries with n=9,600 participants and 15 social media monitoring, qualitative and community feedback studies. Sample sizes are provided in the first reference for each study and in Table 13 at the end of this document. The data largely predates vaccination campaigns that generally started in the first quarter of 2021. Perceptions will change and further syntheses, that represent the whole continent including North Africa, are planned. This review is part of the Social Science in Humanitarian Action Platform (SSHAP) series on COVID-19 vaccines. It was developed for SSHAP by Anthrologica. It was written by Kevin Bardosh (University of Washington), Tamara Roldan de Jong and Olivia Tulloch (Anthrologica), it was reviewed by colleagues from PERC, LSHTM, IRD, and UNICEF (see acknowledgments) and received coordination support from the RCCE Collective Service. It is the responsibility of SSHAP.
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4

Kim, Hyunjin M., and Samuel Danishefshky. A Solid Support Synthesis and Novel Conjugation Methods of Breast Tumor Associated Antigen: Toward the Development of Cancer Vaccines. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada373924.

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5

Butler, Nadia, and Soha Karam. Evidence Review: COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance by Key Influencers in the MENA Region - Teachers and Healthworkers. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2021.039.

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As COVID-19 vaccines have been deployed and scaled, concerns about vaccine acceptance have emerged. Effective management of the virus requires that communities everywhere buy into the public health measures designed to protect them, including vaccines. Low acceptance presents a serious challenge for achieving sufficient coverage to reduce circulation of the virus and the risk of new variants emerging. Surveys conducted early in the pandemic showed that the Middle East region had one of the lowest COVID-19 vaccine acceptance rates globally. The low acceptance is driven by specific factors in the region and its different countries and populations; these factors need to be taken into account when formulating policy, programmes and interventions. This review synthesises evidence on vaccine acceptance among two key groups in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region: teachers and health workers. It draws from academic studies most of which were cross-sectional studies, largely conducted between February 2020 and June 2021, and grey literature reports, including social listening reports. This review is intended to inform strategies for risk communications and community engagement (RCCE) relating to COVID-19 vaccine uptake, with the aim of boosting confidence in and acceptance of the vaccines among these groups across the region. It is part of the Social Science in Humanitarian Action Platform (SSHAP) series on social science considerations relating to COVID-19 vaccines and was developed for SSHAP by Anthrologica (Nadia Butler and Soha Karam) at the request of the UNICEF MENA Regional Office. It was reviewed by Rose Aynsley (WHO) Amaya Gillespie (UNICEF) and Olivia Tulloch (Anthrologica). The evidence review is the responsibility of SSHAP.
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Roldan de Jong, Tamara. Rapid Review: Perceptions of COVID-19 Vaccines in South Africa. SSHAP, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2021.021.

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As of April 19, 2021, South Africa has recorded 1.56 million COVID-19 cases and almost 54,000 deaths - more than any other country on the African continent. The country has begun the national rollout of the Johnson & Johnson (J&J) COVID-19 vaccine, with over 292 thousand doses administered it aims to achieve herd immunity by vaccinating at least 67 percent of its population (around 40 million people) by the end of 2021. The government suspended its initial rollout of the AstraZeneca (AZ) vaccine due to concerns over its effectiveness, particularly against the new B.1.351 variant, which accounts for 90% of the infections in South Africa. The J&J vaccine was put on temporary hold in April due to concerns about rare clotting disorders. Although data show that expected acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines is relatively high, the suspension of two vaccines in South Africa, where fear of infection is decreasing, will likely influence public reactions. Understanding how individuals and population groups perceive and make sense of COVID-19 vaccines is critical to inform the design and implementation of risk communication and community engagement (RCCE) strategies, and guide interventions aiming to promote and sustain acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines, while encouraging compliance with other COVID-19 preventive measures. This review syntheses community perceptions of COVID-19 vaccines in South Africa to inform RCCE strategies and policies and provides examples of successful practice. It draws on multiple secondary data sources: scientific literature, qualitative and quantitative studies, grey literature, and mainstream and social media. The review was supported by consultation with four local expert key informants from different fields. It is part of the Social Science in Humanitarian Action Platform (SSHAP) series on social science considerations relating to COVID-19 vaccines. It was written for SSHAP by Tamara Roldan de Jong and Anthrologica on request of the UNICEF South Africa Country Office. Contributions were made from the RCCE Collective Service East and Southern Africa (ESAR) Region. The brief is the responsibility of SSHAP.
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Quak, Evert-jan. Lessons Learned from Market Shaping Interventions to Stimulate Vaccine Production in LMIC. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.009.

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Анотація:
This rapid review synthesises the literature from academic, policy, and knowledge institution sources on the lessons learned on how market shaping tools can be used to stimulate vaccine production in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) with a focus on Africa. The purpose is to learn from these interventions in the context of shaping the vaccine markets in Africa to become less dependent on imports and to stimulate local production of vaccines. The rapid review concludes that it is the combination of market shaping tools (supply and demand sides) with efforts to mobilise resources and a clear industrial policy and strategy with long-term political commitment that is needed to develop fully integrated vaccine facilities in LMICs at the national and regional levels. These facilities or “vaccine manufacturing networks” in LMICs, particularly in Africa, need to sell below their production cost for many years after entering the market. This is because they compete within well-established global vaccine markets to which the low-income countries have access through pooled procurement mechanisms. This means that governments in low-income countries have arguably good access to affordable but imported vaccines while needing heavy investment and subsidies to develop competitive vaccine manufacturers. The literature on market-shaping is mainly conceptual without mentioning much empirical evidence. It has a bias on firms and presumes firm strategies to shape markets for their own benefit. The literature often underestimates the role that governments play in shaping markets. As such, this rapid review relies on other sources to investigate the interventions by governments to shape markets and how donors could support these governments in their efforts.
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Satterthwait, Arnold C. Conformationally Restricted Synthetic AIDS Vaccine. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada392520.

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Klaehn, John R. Synthesis of Phosphazenes for Use as Vaccine Adjuvants. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1027852.

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Buchmeier, Michael J. Synthetic Vaccines for the Control of Arenavirus Infections. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada256173.

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