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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Vaccination of infants Evaluation"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 28 січня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Vaccination of infants Evaluation"

SHERJIL, AHMAD, and COL JAVAID IQBAL. "ABSENCE OF SCAR FORMATION IN INFANTS AFTER BCG VACCINATION." Professional Medical Journal 13, no. 04 (December 16, 2006): 637–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2006.13.04.4942.

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Objective: To determine proportion of infants who do not developBCG scar after vaccination. To highlight importance of evaluation and follow up for these infants. Study Design:Observational Cross-sectional study. Setting: In Vaccination Centre Military Hospital Rawalpindi. Duration: From 1stJanuary 2003 to 15th March 2003. Materials & Methods: 50 to 70 infants are vaccinated in the hospital every day.Infants fulfilling the inclusion criteria averaged ten per day during this study. It took two and a half month, to completea random sample of 250 infants. Sample Size: 250 vaccinated infants. Results: Of all the infants, first 250 infants whofulfilled the laid down criteria were documented. Two hundred and one infants, males and females showed presenceof scar. Forty-nine infants, males and females showed no response to BCG vaccination. Conclusion: This descriptivestudy concludes that a significant proportion of infants does not show tuberculin reactivity after vaccination and needmonitoring and evaluation for causes of poor reactivity e.g. poor technique, quality of vaccine, improper storage as wellas underlying undiagnosed immunological disorders.

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Yin, Hui-Chu, Shao-Wen Cheng, Chun-Yuh Yang, Ya-Wen Chiu, and Yi-Hao Weng. "Comparative Survey of Holding Positions for Reducing Vaccination Pain in Young Infants." Pain Research and Management 2017 (2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3273171.

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Background. Infant holding position may reduce vaccination pain. However, the optimal position for young infants remains controversial. Objectives. To compare the effectiveness of holding infants in the supine position and the effectiveness of holding infants in upright position for relieving acute pain from vaccine injection. Methods. This prospective cohort study enrolled 6–12-week-old healthy infants. We examined infant pain responses by evaluating the following three categories: (1) crying, (2) irritability, and (3) facial expression. Results. In total, 282 infants were enrolled, with 103 and 179 held in the supine and upright positions, respectively. At 30 s after vaccination, the infants in the supine position showed a larger decrease in crying (p<0.001), irritability (p=0.002), and pained facial expression (p=0.001) than did those in the upright position. However, there was no significant difference in pain response between two groups at 180 s after intervention. Conclusion. In 2-month-old infants, the supine position may reduce acute pain more effectively than does the upright position. Our findings provide a clinical strategy for relieving vaccination pain in young infants.

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Rahman, Mahbubur, Miho Sekimoto, Isamu Takamatsu, Kenji Hira, Takuro Shimbo, Kyoichiro Toyoshima, and Tsuguya Fukui. "Economic evaluation of universal BCG vaccination of Japanese infants." International Journal of Epidemiology 30, no. 2 (April 2001): 380–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/30.2.380.

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Sandmann, Frank, Mark Jit, Nick Andrews, Hannah L. Buckley, Helen Campbell, Sonia Ribeiro, Bersabeh Sile, et al. "Infant Hospitalizations and Fatalities Averted by the Maternal Pertussis Vaccination Program in England, 2012–2017: Post-implementation Economic Evaluation." Clinical Infectious Diseases 71, no. 8 (February 25, 2020): 1984–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa165.

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Abstract In October 2012, a maternal pertussis vaccination program was implemented in England following an increased incidence and mortality in infants. We evaluated the cost-effectiveness of the program by comparing pertussis-related infant hospitalizations and deaths in 2012–2017 with nonvaccination scenarios. Despite considerable uncertainties, findings support the cost-effectiveness of the program.

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Kim, Grace, Jay G. Berry, Jessica L. Janes, Abe Perez, and Matt Hall. "Association of Maternal Tdap Recommendations With Pertussis Hospitalizations of Young Infants." Hospital Pediatrics 12, no. 3 (February 8, 2022): e106-e109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/hpeds.2021-006323.

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BACKGROUND It is well established that young infants have the highest risk of severe pertussis, which often results in hospitalization. Since the 2012 recommendation of administering tetanus toxoid, diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine for every pregnancy, evaluation of pertussis hospitalizations among young infants in the United States has been limited. METHODS In this ecological study, we used the Kids’ Inpatient Database, the largest all-payer pediatric inpatient database in the United States, to study pertussis hospitalizations among infants <1 month of age from 2000 to 2016. RESULTS The overall rate of pertussis hospitalizations before the Tdap vaccination recommendation was 5.06 per 100 000 infants (95% confidence interval, 4.36–5.76) and 2.15 per 100 000 infants (95% confidence interval, 1.49–2.81) afterward. CONCLUSIONS This study supports maternal vaccination against pertussis as an important strategy in protecting young infants, and continued evaluation is needed to assess the long-term trends in hospitalization.

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MO, Taiwo, Adebari HO, Adebayo OS, Sakariyau AO, Akinde OO, and Adegoke OO. "Declining Maternally-Derived Measles Antibodies in Infants and Nursing Mothers in Nigeria: A Review." SOJ Immunology 6, no. 1 (January 2, 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.15226/2372-0948/6/1/00164.

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Measles, also reffered to as rubeolais an endemic respiratory disease caused by a virus. It is a highly contagious infection which typically begins with a mild to moderate fever, often accompanied by a persistent cough, runny nose, conjunctivitis and sore throat. Today, despite the availability of a safe, effective and relatively inexpensive vaccine for more than 40 years, measles still kills more than any other vaccines preventable disease among children. In Pregnant women, IgG immunoglobulin antibody is produced and crosses the placenta to developing fetus’ blood circulation; thereby conferring primary protection against infections in the early life of newborns. The presence or absence of Maternal Measles Antibody (MMA) in infants is therefore a factor to be considered in immunization of infants against measles. In Nigeria, the recommended age for routine measles vaccination for infants is at 9 month of age. However, it has been severely reported that the present-day civilized mothers are more measles vaccine-immuned contrary to been natural measles virus-immuned and as such, produce low titer anti-measles virus antibody which consequently decays or clears from their respective infants earlier than 9 months of age when measles vaccine is routinely administered. Early immunization against measles may potentially minimize the duration of the period between the loss of maternal antibodies transferred via the placenta and the administration of the recommended measles vaccination for infants, hence the need for the re-evaluation of the measles immunization schedule. Keywords: Vaccination; Maternal Measles Antibody; Infant, Virus;

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Channon-Wells, Samuel William, Emily Tough, Neda So, Daniel O'Connor, and Matthew D. Snape. "Differentiating vaccine reactions from invasive bacterial infections in young infants presenting to the emergency department in the 4CMenB era: a retrospective observational comparison." BMJ Paediatrics Open 6, no. 1 (October 2022): e001559. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjpo-2022-001559.

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BackgroundDifferentiating infants with adverse events following immunisation (AEFIs) or invasive bacterial infection (IBI) is a significant clinical challenge. Young infants post vaccination are therefore often admitted to the hospital for parenteral antibiotics to avoid missing rare cases of IBI.MethodsDuring a service evaluation project, we conducted a single-centre retrospective observational study of infants with IBI, urinary tract infection (UTI) or AEFI from two previously published cohorts. All patients presented to hospital in Oxfordshire, UK, between 2011 and 2018, spanning the introduction of the capsular group-B meningococcal vaccine (4CMenB) into routine immunisation schedules. Data collection from paper and electronic notes were unblinded. Clinical features, including National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) ‘traffic light’ risk of severe illness and laboratory tests performed on presentation, were described, and comparisons made using regression models, adjusting for age and sex. We also compared biochemical results on presentation to those of well infants post vaccination, with and without 4CMenB regimens.ResultsThe study included 232 infants: 40 with IBI, 97 with probable AEFI, 24 with possible AEFI, 27 with UTI and 44 post vaccination ‘well’ infants. C-reactive protein (CRP) was the only discriminatory blood marker, with CRP values above 83 mg/L only observed in infants with IBI or UTI. NICE risk stratification was significantly different between groups but still missed cases of IBI, and classification as intermediate risk was non-differential. Fever was more common in probable AEFI cases, while seizures and rashes were equally frequent. Diarrhoea and clinician-reported irritability or rigours were all more common in IBI.ConclusionsClinical features on presentation may aid risk stratification but cannot reliably differentiate IBI from AEFI in infants presenting to the emergency department. Blood results are generally unhelpful due to post vaccination inflammatory responses, particularly in children receiving 4CMenB vaccination. Improved biomarkers and clinical prediction tools are required to aid management in febrile infants post vaccination.

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Galvao, Tais F., Marcus T. Silva, Ivan R. Zimmermann, Luiz Antonio B. Lopes, Eneida F. Bernardo, and Mauricio G. Pereira. "Influenza Vaccination in Pregnant Women: A Systematic Review." ISRN Preventive Medicine 2013 (November 7, 2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2013/879493.

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Objective. To assess the effects of the inactivated influenza virus vaccine on influenza outcomes in pregnant women and their infants. Methods. We performed a systematic review of the literature. We searched for randomized controlled trials and cohort studies in the MEDLINE, Embase, and other relevant databases (inception to September 2013). Two researchers selected studies and extracted the data independently. We used the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach to assess the quality of the evidence. Results. We included eight studies out of 1,967 retrieved records. Influenza vaccination in pregnant women significantly reduced the incidence of influenza-like illness in mothers and their infants when compared with control groups (high-quality evidence) and reduced the incidence of laboratory-confirmed influenza in infants (moderate-quality evidence). No difference was found with regard to influenza-like illness with fever higher than 38°C (moderate-quality evidence) or upper respiratory infection (very-low-quality evidence) in mothers and infants. Conclusions. Maternal vaccination against influenza was shown to prevent influenza-like illness in women and infants; no differences were found for other outcomes. As the quality of evidence was not high overall, further research is needed to increase confidence and could possibly change these estimates.

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Peltola, Heikki, Assad Safary, Helena Käyhty, Viena Karanko, and Francis E. André. "Evaluation of Two Tetravalent (ACYW135) Meningococcal Vaccines in Infants and Small Children: A Clinical Study Comparing Immunogenicity of O-Acetyl-Negative and O-Acetyl-Positive Group C Polysaccharides." Pediatrics 76, no. 1 (July 1, 1985): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.76.1.91.

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Two different tetravalent polysaccharide vaccines against group A, C, Y, and W135 meningococci were given to 118 infants aged 6 to 23 months; the same vaccines were administered in a second dose 12 months later to those infants aged 6 to 11 months at first vaccination. Forty of the infants received vaccine containing the nonacetylated group C polysaccharide C(OAc-) and 78 the acetylated group C polysaccharide C(OAc+) together with group A, Y, and W135 polysaccharides. All polysaccharides, at a dose of 30 µg, induced antibody responses after administration of both vaccines in all age groups although the responses were better in the older infants. Acetylation of the sialic acid of the group C polysaccharide did not significantly influence the response. Rapid decreases in the antibody titers after the first vaccination stressed the need for one or more revaccinations. Vaccination elicited mild local and systemic reactions. Elevated temperatures were more common in the youngest infants but only four developed fever exceeding 38.5°C (101.3°F). We conclude that tetravalent (ACYW135) meningococcal vaccine is safe and immunologically effective in children younger than age 2 years. However, revaccinations may be required to maintain immunity.

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Kang, Hye-Young, Ki Hwan Kim, Ji Hong Kim, Hwang Min Kim, Jinkyung Kim, Mi-Sun Kim, Antoine C. El Khoury, and Dong Soo Kim. "Economic Evaluation of the National Immunization Program of Rotavirus Vaccination for Children in Korea." Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 25, no. 2 (January 10, 2012): 145–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1010539511416806.

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The authors assessed the cost-effectiveness of rotavirus vaccination to develop an evidence-based national immunization program in Korea. A Markov model was constructed to compare the costs and clinical outcomes of vaccination versus no vaccination. The birth cohort of 493189 infants in 2007 was followed until the age of 5 years. Korea-specific data for epidemiological characteristics and economic burden of rotavirus diarrhea were used for the modeled estimation. Efficacy of RotaTeq® was based on a recent clinical trial. Rotavirus vaccination would prevent 181238 symptomatic cases (reduction rate = 63.2%) over 5 years after birth. From the societal perspective, at a vaccination cost of 100000 Korean won (KW; 1 US$ ≈ 1200 KW) per dose, universal vaccination would cost 375 620 KW per case averted. The breakeven price of vaccine was 56061 KW. Rotavirus vaccination would reduce the burden of the disease substantially and be a cost-effective strategy to prevent rotavirus diarrhea in Korea.

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Дисертації з теми "Vaccination of infants Evaluation"

Boros, Christina Ann. "Factors affecting the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of routine childhood immunisations." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phb736.pdf.

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Includes list of publications arising from the thesis. Bibliography: leaves 327-341. Examines the effect of adverse storage on the immunogenicity of pertussis, diphtheria and tetanus vaccines, the protective efficacy of pertussis vaccines and the effect of premature birth on antibody response to routine childhood immunisations.

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Lu, Qiuying Sandy, and 呂秋瑩. "Health economic evaluation of universal infant hepatitis B vaccination programmes in China." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/207183.

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Introduction: China has about 120 million hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers and a 7.2% hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) prevalence in 2006.This creates a huge disease burden and also leads to significant economic losses. Since 2002, a free universal infant hepatitis B vaccination programme has provideda 3-dose primary vaccination for all infants. Although some economic evaluations of this programme have been conducted, a comprehensive cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) to estimate long-term benefit using mathematical modeling would aid understanding of population strategies for hepatitis B control in large populations. Moreover, the most common mode of infection is perinataltransmission at birth. However the more effective immunization programme involving screening women during pregnancy for HBV-carrier status and providing passive-active vaccination for newborns has not been implemented in China. Aims: To identify the most cost-effective universal infant hepatitis B vaccination strategy for China. Method: A hospital-based survey was conducted during 2010-2011 in a general hospital in Shenzhen, China, in order to obtain costing data to estimate the economic burden of chronic hepatitis B patients. Annual direct and indirect costs from this study were used as cost parameters in the CEA models. Mathematical models were developed to simulate perinatal transmission, vaccination programmes and disease progression using Markov modeling and decision trees. Quality-adjusted life year (QALYs) as well as health and monetary outcomes were also assessed. Univariate sensitivity analysis and probabilistic sensitivity analysis using Monte Carlo simulation were performed to test parameter uncertainty. Two programmes of screening of pregnant women for both HBsAg and/or HBeAg and the infant passive-active vaccination were compared with the current vaccine-only programme in one CEA, while the other CEA estimated the effect of the current infant programme compared with no vaccination. Findings: The estimated total economic burden including annual direct and indirect cost among hepatitis B patients of RMB 43104.5 (US$6340.8). The economic burdens of associated disease states of hepatitis B infection were highest for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (RMB 77297.1), decompensated cirrhosis (RMB 50725.7), chronic active hepatitis B (CAH) (RMB 37449.5) and finally compensated cirrhosis (RMB 37276.9). The average total economic burden per hepatitis B patient amounted to 46% of Shenzhen GDP per capitain 2010, and 5.4% of the city’s annual per capita income. The current vaccine-only infant vaccination programme was justified by costsavings, from both a societal and health care payer’s perspective, reducing new HBV infections by about 76%. This has produced a gain of 743,000 life-years and 620,000 QALYs given current numbers and savings of US$2~3billion saved over the lifetime of a national cohortof 10,000,000 newborns. A universal control programme involving the screening of pregnant women for HBsAg and passive-active vaccination, would reduce new infections by 13%, saving 436,000 life years and gaining 121,000 QALYs for a saving of about US$546 million compared with current vaccine-only programme. Implications: The universal infant hepatitis B vaccination programme is currently a cost-effective strategy for hepatitis B control in China.A beneficial amendment to the current strategy wouldinclude screening of all pregnant women for HBsAg and vaccinating newborns in a passive-active way.
published_or_final_version
Public Health
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy

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Brisson, Marc. "Economic evaluation of vaccination programmes : a special reference to varicella vaccination." Thesis, City University London, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.407544.

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Dinan, Leonie Rita. "Antibody responses after Hib immunisation in premature and term infants /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1998. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09MPM/09mpmd583.pdf.

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Tchakoute, Christophe Toukam. "Effects of delayed BCG vaccination on cellular immune responses in HIV-exposed infants." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6007.

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Vermeulen, Françoise. "Réponses immunitaires du grand prématuré à la vaccination contre la coqueluche." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209427.

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Les enfants nés prématurément, et plus particulièrement les grands prématurés nés avant

31 semaines d’âge gestationnel, sont à haut risque de contracter des infections. La

vaccination peut prévenir certaines infections, dont la coqueluche qui est causée par la

bactérie Bordetella pertussis (Bp). Cependant, cette maladie infectieuse hautement

contagieuse est en recrudescence depuis plusieurs années malgré une bonne couverture

vaccinale. La morbidité et surtout la mortalité de la coqueluche affectent plus

particulièrement les jeunes enfants, incomplètement ou non encore vaccinés.

Il existe deux types de vaccins contre B. pertussis :les vaccins de première génération à

cellules entières et les vaccins acellulaires, plus récents. Suite à l’apparition d’effets

secondaires causés par le vaccin à cellules entières, les vaccins acellulaires, comprenant

seulement un certain nombre d’antigènes purifiés de B. pertussis, sont utilisés en Belgique

comme dans de nombreux autres pays industrialisés.

L’immunité protectrice contre B. pertussis fait appel tant à l’immunité cellulaire qu‘à

l’immunité humorale. De nombreuses études ont démontré une production d’anticorps

spécifiques aux antigènes de B. pertussis suite à l’administration des différents types de

vaccins. Par contre, peu d’entre elles ont analysé la réponse d’immunité cellulaire spécifique

caractérisée, entre autres, par une sécrétion d’Interféron-gamma (IFN-&
Doctorat en Sciences médicales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Njikan, Samuel Ayaba. "Correlates of risk of TB disease in infants with differential response to BCG vaccination." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12873.

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Includes bibliographical references.
Studying prospective immune correlates of risk of TB disease following BCG vaccination is an important first step towards determining correlates of protection against TB, which can be identified only in a placebo-controlled randomized controlled trial (RCT) of an effective vaccine. To study correlates of risk of TB disease, we collected and stored blood from healthy 10-week old infants vaccinated with BCG at birth. During two years of follow up, infants who developed lung TB were defined as cases, while those who did not develop TB disease were defined as controls. We measured Th1/Th17 cytokine production by BCG-specific T cells, release of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators, cytotoxic T cell potential and proliferation in response to BCG as potential correlates of risk of TB disease but none of these outcomes were different between cases and controls. However, transcriptional profiling of PBMC revealed two clusters of infants and interestingly, the gene expression profiles from cases and controls in the two clusters were in opposite directions. Based on this, we hypothesised that analysing the two clusters of infants separately will allow discovery of correlates of risk of TB, which were absent when clustering was not taken into account.

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Alsalih, Dina A. "The Impact of Vaccination Schedules on Infants' and Children's Physio-Psychological Health: A Qualitative Investigation." ScholarWorks, 2014. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/112.

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Many people may have become increasingly concerned about the risks associated with vaccines. At the same time, there is a lack of qualitative research on the impact of various vaccinations schedules on individuals' physio-psychological health. In addition, "mandatory" versus "nonmandatory, but recommended" vaccines are still under debate in some Western countries. The purpose of this ethnographic study was to provide an in-depth understanding of the beliefs, experiences, and perceptions of adolescents, parents, and health care providers regarding different vaccination schedules. The health belief model was used as the theoretical framework. The sample consisted of adolescents and parents from different vaccination backgrounds, as well as of healthcare providers who were involved with vaccination schedules (N=72). Purposeful sampling strategy was applied and individual interviews were conducted. All interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim, and the obtained data were analyzed thematically. According to the results of the study, participants' perceptions on vaccination were generally positive, and a mandatory vaccination schedule was mostly recommended. Adolescents who received mandatory vaccination reported that this scheme was appropriate against several diseases. Further, health care members indicated that vaccination side effects were mainly emotional, and they suggested that public health agencies should disseminate more scientifically-sound information on the benefits and risks of vaccination. The findings of this study may be used as the basis for the formulation of an effective public health policy to adopt a nationally-and internationally-accepted vaccination schedule.

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DUTOT, PHILIPPE. "Evaluation des lactobacilles comme vecteurs vivants de vaccination." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996STR13232.

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Dans le cadre du developpement de nouveaux vecteurs vivants de vaccination administrables par voie mucosale, le potentiel de bacteries commensales du genre lactobacillus a ete etudie. Ceci impliquait d'aborder les domaines suivants: microbiologie (choix de la souche vaccinale), biologie moleculaire (production d'antigenes heterologues) et immunologie (nature et intensite des reponses immunes induites). La souche lactobacillus paracasei lbtgs1. 4, isolee du vagin de souris, a ete selectionnee comme souche modele. Elle a ete utilisee pour mener des etudes de colonisation chez la souris: cette souche s'est averee capable de persister pendant 48 heures dans la cavite nasale, sept jours dans l'intestin et entre 16 et 36 jours dans le vagin selon le traitement hormonal effectue. Plusieurs promoteurs et regions d'attachement aux ribosomes (rbs) ont ensuite ete examines pour leur efficacite chez la souche lbtgs1. 4. Les plus performants (promoteur p#2#5 de streptococcus thermophilus et sequence rbs du gene d-ldh de lactobacillus plantarum) ont ete selectionnes pour etre incorpores dans le vecteur d'expression de base ptg2247. Ce dernier a ete utilise pour produire chez la souche lbtgs1. 4 des antigenes modeles (sous-unite b de la toxine cholerique, -amylase de bacillus stearothermophilus, proteine m6 de streptococcus pyogenes) dans differentes localisations cellulaires: intracellulaire, extracellulaire, exposition a la surface. Enfin, l'immunogenicite des souches recombinantes correspondantes a ete testee en modele souris. Plusieurs voies d'immunisations systemiques ou locales ont ete investiguees. Des reponses seriques specifiquement dirigees contre l'antigene heterologue ont pu etre induites dans la plupart des cas. Une reponse mucosale de type iga etait, de plus, detectable apres certaines administrations locales. Ceci demontrait la faisabilite de l'approche proposee

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Ortega, Omayra Y. "Evaluation of rotavirus models with coinfection and vaccination." Diss., University of Iowa, 2008. http://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/34.

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Книги з теми "Vaccination of infants Evaluation"

Damme, Pierre van. Hepatitis B: Epidemiology and evaluation of vaccination. Antwerpen: University of Antwerp Press, Centre for Evaluation of Vaccination, Epidemiology and Community Medicine, 1994.

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Dia, Saidou. La mobilisation sociale pour la survie et le développement de l'enfant malagasy (1987-1990). Antananarivo: Fonds des Nations Unies pour l'enfance, Bureau de zone pour Madagascar, les Comores et l'île Maurice, 1987.

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Felicity, Cutts, and Smith Peter G, eds. Vaccination & world health. Chichester: J. Wiley & Sons, 1994.

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Kim, Kyŏng-hyo. Hongyŏk, ihasŏnyŏm, pʻungjin paeksin ŭi yuyongsŏng pʻyŏngka =: Evaluation of efficacy of MMR vaccine. [Seoul]: Sikpʻum Ŭiyakpʻum Anjŏnchʻŏng, 2007.

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H, Long Stephen, Marquis M. Susan, Rand Corporation, United States. Health Care Financing Administration., and March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation., eds. Evaluation of a medicaid-eligibility expansion in Florida: Developing the database. Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 1996.

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Pan African Institute for Development. East and Southern Africa., ed. A study of the factors contributing to the low immunisation coverage of measles in the under five years old children in Solwezi District. [Kabwe, Zambia: PAID-ESA, 1999.

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Organization, Pan American Health, ed. Guía práctica para la eliminación del tétanos neonatal: Programa ampliado de inmunización, programa de salud maternoinfantil y población. Washington, D.C: Organización Panamericana de la Salud, Oficina Sanitaria Panamericana, Oficina Regional de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, 1993.

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Behavioral evaluation of hearing in infants and young children. New York: Thieme, 1998.

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D, Bricker Diane, Cripe, Juliann J. Woods, 1952-, and Slentz Kristine, eds. Assessment, evaluation, and programming system for infants and children. Baltimore: P. H. Brookes Pub. Co., 1993.

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Chan, Kwai-Cheung. Vaccines for children: Refocusing the program's goal and implementation : statement of Kwai-Cheung Chan, Director for Program Evaluation in Physical Systems Areas, Program Evaluation and Methodology Division, before the Subcommittee on Health and Environment, Committee on Commerce, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1995.

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Частини книг з теми "Vaccination of infants Evaluation"

Dujmović, Jozo, and Daniel Tomasevich. "COVID-19 Vaccination Priority Evaluation." In Explainable AI and Other Applications of Fuzzy Techniques, 101–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82099-2_10.

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Specker, Bonny L., and Teresa L. Binkley. "DXA Evaluation of Infants and Toddlers." In Bone Health Assessment in Pediatrics, 151–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30412-0_8.

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Salih, Mustafa A. M. "Neurological Evaluation of Infants and Children." In Clinical Child Neurology, 1–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43153-6_1.

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Allegaert, Karel. "Clinical Studies in Infants (Pediatric Pharmacology)." In Drug Discovery and Evaluation: Methods in Clinical Pharmacology, 1–16. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56637-5_44-1.

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Allegaert, Karel. "Clinical Studies in Infants (Pediatric Pharmacology)." In Drug Discovery and Evaluation: Methods in Clinical Pharmacology, 401–16. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68864-0_44.

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BaniHani, Ahmad H., Christina Ho, and T. E. Figueroa. "Urine Reservoir: Evaluation and Transplant Strategies." In Solid Organ Transplantation in Infants and Children, 1–14. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08049-9_29-1.

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BaniHani, Ahmad H., Christina Ho, and T. E. Figueroa. "Urine Reservoir: Evaluation and Transplant Strategies." In Solid Organ Transplantation in Infants and Children, 359–73. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07284-5_29.

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Burns, Kayreen A. "Developmental Evaluation and Intervention for Drug-exposed Infants." In Drug Use in Pregnancy: Mother and Child, 94–105. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4157-1_10.

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Castro-Rodríguez, José Antonio. "Evaluation of Asthma Risk in Infants and Preschoolers." In Pediatric Respiratory Diseases, 401–6. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-26961-6_40.

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Scaillon, Michèle, Patrick Bontems, and Samy Cadranel. "Gastroesophageal Endoscopy for the Diagnostic Evaluation of Infants with GER." In The Gastroesophageal Reflux in Infants and Children, 107–14. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18906-7_13.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Vaccination of infants Evaluation"

Nair, Vineet, Kritika Prakash, Michael Wilbur, Aparna Taneja, Corrine Namblard, Oyindamola Adeyemo, Abhishek Dubey, Abiodun Adereni, Milind Tambe, and Ayan Mukhopadhyay. "ADVISER: AI-Driven Vaccination Intervention Optimiser for Increasing Vaccine Uptake in Nigeria." In Thirty-First International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-22}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2022/712.

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More than 5 million children under five years die from largely preventable or treatable medical conditions every year, with an overwhelmingly large proportion of deaths occurring in under-developed countries with low vaccination uptake. One of the United Nations' sustainable development goals (SDG 3) aims to end preventable deaths of newborns and children under five years of age. We focus on Nigeria, where the rate of infant mortality is appalling. We collaborate with HelpMum, a large non-profit organization in Nigeria, to design and optimize the allocation of heterogeneous health interventions under uncertainty to increase vaccination uptake, the first such collaboration in Nigeria. Our framework, ADVISER: AI-Driven Vaccination Intervention Optimiser, is based on an integer linear program that seeks to maximize the cumulative probability of successful vaccination. Our optimization formulation is intractable in practice. We present a heuristic approach that enables us to solve the problem for real-world use-cases. We also present theoretical bounds for the heuristic method. Finally, we show that the proposed approach outperforms baseline methods in terms of vaccination uptake through experimental evaluation. HelpMum is currently planning a pilot program based on our approach to be deployed in the largest city of Nigeria, which would be the first deployment of an AI-driven vaccination uptake program in the country and hopefully, pave the way for other data-driven programs to improve health outcomes in Nigeria.

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Jain, Anil K., Kai Cao, and Sunpreet S. Arora. "Recognizing infants and toddlers using fingerprints: Increasing the vaccination coverage." In 2014 IEEE International Joint Conference on Biometrics (IJCB). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/btas.2014.6996252.

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Holliday, T., J. Seddon, and E. Whittaker. "G157(P) Adverse events in infants following bcg vaccination: preliminary results." In Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, Abstracts of the RCPCH Conference and exhibition, 13–15 May 2019, ICC, Birmingham, Paediatrics: pathways to a brighter future. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2019-rcpch.153.

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Makam, L., J. Mathew, R. Ratho, S. Dutta, M. Singh, B. Bharti, V. Suri, and D. Massey. "G147 Randomized controlled trial comparing anticipated measles vaccination schedules to routine vaccination starting at 9 months in indian infants." In Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, Abstracts of the RCPCH Conference and exhibition, 13–15 May 2019, ICC, Birmingham, Paediatrics: pathways to a brighter future. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2019-rcpch.143.

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Marchetti, Federico, Claudia Guiducci, and Lorenzo Mambelli. "P304 The case of pertussis in newborns and infants: the epidemiology that ‘counts’ in vaccination choices." In Faculty of Paediatrics of the Royal College of Physicians of Ireland, 9th Europaediatrics Congress, 13–15 June, Dublin, Ireland 2019. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2019-epa.653.

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Manfredi, C., L. Bocchi, S. Orlandi, M. Calisti, L. Spaccaterra, and G. P. Donzelli. "Non-invasive distress evaluation in preterm newborn infants." In 2008 30th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2008.4649811.

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Berenson, Abbey B., Jacqueline M. Hirth, Yong-Fang Kuo, and Richard E. Rupp. "Abstract 5285: Evaluation of a postpartum human papillomavirus vaccination program." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2018; April 14-18, 2018; Chicago, IL. American Association for Cancer Research, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-5285.

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Wang, Chen-An, Yi-Chien Liao, Pei-Jung Wu, Yu-Lin Wang, Bor-Shing Lin, and Bor-Shyh Lin. "Wireless monitoring system for oral-feeding evaluation of preterm infants." In 2014 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/biocas.2014.6981713.

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Best-Rowden, Lacey, Yovahn Hoole, and Anil Jain. "Automatic Face Recognition of Newborns, Infants, and Toddlers: A Longitudinal Evaluation." In 2016 International Conference of the Biometrics Special Interest Group (BIOSIG). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/biosig.2016.7736912.

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Diaz, Daniela Angulo, Raha Akhavan-Tabatabaei, and Ivan Mura. "A compartmentalized simulation model for evaluation of HPV vaccination policies in Colombia." In 2016 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wsc.2016.7822244.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Vaccination of infants Evaluation"

Hajarizadeh, Behzad, Jennifer MacLachlan, Benjamin Cowie, and Gregory J. Dore. Population-level interventions to improve the health outcomes of people living with hepatitis B: an Evidence Check brokered by the Sax Institute for the NSW Ministry of Health, 2022. The Sax Institute, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/pxwj3682.

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Background An estimated 292 million people are living with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection globally, including 223,000 people in Australia. HBV diagnosis and linkage of people living with HBV to clinical care is suboptimal in Australia, with 27% of people living with HBV undiagnosed and 77% not receiving regular HBV clinical care. This systematic review aimed to characterize population-level interventions implemented to enhance all components of HBV care cascade and analyse the effectiveness of interventions. Review questions Question 1: What population-level interventions, programs or policy approaches have been shown to be effective in reducing the incidence of hepatitis B; and that may not yet be fully rolled out or evaluated in Australia demonstrate early effectiveness, or promise, in reducing the incidence of hepatitis B? Question 2: What population-level interventions and/or programs are effective at reducing disease burden for people in the community with hepatitis B? Methods Four bibliographic databases and 21 grey literature sources were searched. Studies were eligible for inclusion if the study population included people with or at risk of chronic HBV, and the study conducted a population-level interventions to decrease HBV incidence or disease burden or to enhance any components of HBV care cascade (i.e., diagnosis, linkage to care, treatment initiation, adherence to clinical care), or HBV vaccination coverage. Studies published in the past 10 years (since January 2012), with or without comparison groups were eligible for inclusion. Studies conducting an HBV screening intervention were eligible if they reported proportion of people participating in screening, proportion of newly diagnosed HBV (participant was unaware of their HBV status), proportion of people received HBV vaccination following screening, or proportion of participants diagnosed with chronic HBV infection who were linked to HBV clinical care. Studies were excluded if study population was less than 20 participants, intervention included a pharmaceutical intervention or a hospital-based intervention, or study was implemented in limited clinical services. The records were initially screened by title and abstract. The full texts of potentially eligible records were reviewed, and eligible studies were selected for inclusion. For each study included in analysis, the study outcome and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) were calculated. For studies including a comparison group, odds ratio (OR) and corresponding 95%CIs were calculated. Random effect meta-analysis models were used to calculate the pooled study outcome estimates. Stratified analyses were conducted by study setting, study population, and intervention-specific characteristics. Key findings A total of 61 studies were included in the analysis. A large majority of studies (study n=48, 79%) included single-arm studies with no concurrent control, with seven (12%) randomised controlled trials, and six (10%) non-randomised controlled studies. A total of 109 interventions were evaluated in 61 included studies. On-site or outreach HBV screening and linkage to HBV clinical care coordination were the most frequent interventions, conducted in 27 and 26 studies, respectively. Question 1 We found no studies reporting HBV incidence as the study outcome. One study conducted in remote area demonstrated that an intervention including education of pregnant women and training village health volunteers enhanced coverage of HBV birth dose vaccination (93% post-intervention, vs. 81% pre-intervention), but no data of HBV incidence among infants were reported. Question 2 Study outcomes most relevant to the HBV burden for people in the community with HBV included, HBV diagnosis, linkage to HBV care, and HBV vaccination coverage. Among randomised controlled trials aimed at enhancing HBV screening, a meta-analysis was conducted including three studies which implemented an intervention including community face-to-face education focused on HBV and/or liver cancer among migrants from high HBV prevalence areas. This analysis demonstrated a significantly higher HBV testing uptake in intervention groups with the likelihood of HBV testing 3.6 times higher among those participating in education programs compared to the control groups (OR: 3.62, 95% CI 2.72, 4.88). In another analysis, including 25 studies evaluating an intervention to enhance HBV screening, a pooled estimate of 66% of participants received HBV testing following the study intervention (95%CI: 58-75%), with high heterogeneity across studies (range: 17-98%; I-square: 99.9%). A stratified analysis by HBV screening strategy demonstrated that in the studies providing participants with on-site HBV testing, the proportion receiving HBV testing (80%, 95%CI: 72-87%) was significantly higher compared to the studies referring participants to an external site for HBV testing (54%, 95%CI: 37-71%). In the studies implementing an intervention to enhance linkage of people diagnosed with HBV infection to clinical care, the interventions included different components and varied across studies. The most common component was post-test counselling followed by assistance with scheduling clinical appointments, conducted in 52% and 38% of the studies, respectively. In meta-analysis, a pooled estimate of 73% of people with HBV infection were linked to HBV clinical care (95%CI: 64-81%), with high heterogeneity across studies (range: 28-100%; I-square: 99.2%). A stratified analysis by study population demonstrated that in the studies among general population in high prevalence countries, 94% of people (95%CI: 88-100%) who received the study intervention were linked to care, significantly higher than 72% (95%CI: 61-83%) in studies among migrants from high prevalence area living in a country with low prevalence. In 19 studies, HBV vaccination uptake was assessed after an intervention, among which one study assessed birth dose vaccination among infants, one study assessed vaccination in elementary school children and 17 studies assessed vaccination in adults. Among studies assessing adult vaccination, a pooled estimate of 38% (95%CI: 21-56%) of people initiated vaccination, with high heterogeneity across studies (range: 0.5-93%; I square: 99.9%). A stratified analysis by HBV vaccination strategy demonstrated that in the studies providing on-site vaccination, the uptake was 78% (95%CI: 62-94%), significantly higher compared to 27% (95%CI: 13-42%) in studies referring participants to an external site for vaccination. Conclusion This systematic review identified a wide variety of interventions, mostly multi-component interventions, to enhance HBV screening, linkage to HBV clinical care, and HBV vaccination coverage. High heterogeneity was observed in effectiveness of interventions in all three domains of screening, linkage to care, and vaccination. Strategies identified to boost the effectiveness of interventions included providing on-site HBV testing and vaccination (versus referral for testing and vaccination) and including community education focussed on HBV or liver cancer in an HBV screening program. Further studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of more novel interventions (e.g., point of care testing) and interventions specifically including Indigenous populations, people who inject drugs, men who have sex with men, and people incarcerated.

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Johnson, Anna K., Dana K. Buer, Melissa A. Culbertson, Caitlyn A. Dierks, Hannah K. Schroeder, Brittney Yehling, Theresa P. Johnson, and Marshall V. Ruble. Evaluation of the Effect of Vaccination Side on Subsequent Halter Breaking Side Preference in Cattle. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-1143.

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Timms, Leo L., and Phil Sears. Field Trial Evaluation of Extended Pirlimycin Therapy With or Without Vaccination for Staphylococcus Aureus Mastitis. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-981.

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Kramer, Luke M., Mary S. Mayes, Jazmine Brown, Lyle Braun, Eric R. Fritz-Waters, Jamie Williams, Amelia Woolums, Christopher Chase, and James M. Reecy. Evaluation of Responses to Vaccination of Angus Cattle for Four Viruses that Contribute to Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-497.

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Kramer, Luke M., Mary S. Mayes, Jazmine Brown, Lyle Braun, Eric R. Fritz-Waters, Jamie Williams, Amelia Woolums, Christopher Chase, and James M. Reecy. Evaluation of Responses to Vaccination of Angus Cattle for Four Viruses that Contribute to Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-2095.

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Scanlon, Paul, and Eric Jamoom Jamoom. The Cognitive Evaluation of Survey Items Related to Vaccine Hesitance and Confidence for Inclusion on a Series of Short Questionnaire Sets. National Center for Health Statistics ( U.S.), October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15620/cdc:110543.

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DeMartini, James C., Abraham Yaniv, Jonathan O. Carlson, Arnona Gazit, Leonard E. Pearson, Kalman Perk, J. K. Young, Noam Safran, and A. Friedman. Evaluation of Naked Proviral DNA as a Vaccine for Ovine Lentivirus Infection. United States Department of Agriculture, September 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7570553.bard.

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Ovine lentivirus (OvLV) infection is widespread in sheep of the United States and Israel and is responsible for substantial economic losses. The primary goal of this project was to evaluate naked proviral DNA as a vaccine to induce protective immunity in sheep in endemic areas. Contrary to expectations, inoculation of sheep with proviral DNA derived from the full length OvLV molecular clone pkv72 did not result in detectable OvLV infection, but infectious virus was recovered from transfected ovine cells. Kv72 virus produced by these cells infected sheep and induced antibody responses, and was used as a viral challenge in subsequent experiments. To improve in vivo transfection efficiency and compare the viral LTR with other romoters, expression of reporter genes was studied in sheep transfected in vivo by injection of cationic liposome-DNA complexes; one formulation produced gene expression in a sheep for 4 months following a single intravenous injection. Since the pol-deleted OvLV construct was not stable in vivo, twelve lambs were injected with plasmids containing the Kv72 gag region (pCMVgag) or env region (pCMVenv), or saline. Prior to challenge, no detectable anti-OvLV immune responses were detected. Following homologous challenge with OvLV. Although the naked DNA approach to vaccination holds promise for control of ovine lentivirus-induced disease, further work needs to be done to develop more effective methods of transfecting sheep with DNA.

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Perk, Simon, Egbert Mundt, Alexander Panshin, Irit Davidson, Irina Shkoda, Ameera AlTori, and Maricarmen Garcia. Characterization and Control Strategies of Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus H9N2. United States Department of Agriculture, November 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7697117.bard.

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The avian influenza virus, subtype H9N2 subtype, defined as having a low pathogenicity, causes extensive economical losses in commercial flocks, probably due to management and synergism with other pathogens. AIV H9N2 was first identified in Israel in the year 2000, and since then it became endemic and widespread in Israel. Control by vaccination of commercial flocks with an inactivated vaccine has been introduced since 2007. In face of the continuous H9N2 outbreaks, and the application of the vaccination policy, we aimed in the present study to provide a method of differentiating naturally infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA). The aim of the assay would be detect only antibodies created by a de-novo infection, since the inactivated vaccine virus is not reproducing, and might provide a simple tool for mass detection of novel infections of commercial flocks. To fulfill the overall aim, the project was designed to include four operational objectives: 1. Evaluation of the genetic evolution of AIV in Israel; 2. Assessment of the diagnostic value of an NS1 ELISA; 3. NS1 ELISA as evaluation criteria for measuring the efficacy of vaccination against H9N2 AIV; 4. Development of an AIV H9 subtype specific ELISA systems. Major conclusion and implications drawn from the project were: 1. A continuous genetic change occurred in the collection of H9N2 isolates, and new introductions were identified. It was shown thatthe differences between the HA proteins of viruses used for vaccine productionand local fieldisolatesincreasedin parallelwith the durationand intensity ofvaccine use, therefore, developing a differential assay for the vaccine and the wild type viruses was the project main aim. 2. To assess the diagnostic value of an NS1 ELISA we first performed experimental infection trials using representative viruses of all introductions, and used the sera and recombinant NS1 antigens of the same viruses in homologous and heterologous NS1 ELISA combination. The NS1 ELISA was evidently reactive in all combinations, and did not discriminate significantly between different groups. 3. However, several major drawbacks of the NS1 ELISA were recognized: a) The evaluation of the vaccination effect in challenged birds, showed that the level of the NS1 antibodies dropped due to the vaccination-dependent virus level drop; b) the applicability of the NS1-ELISA was verified on sera of commercial flocks and found to be unusable due to physico-chemical composition of the sera and the recombinant antigen, c) commercial sera showed non-reactivity that might be caused by many factors, including vaccination, uncertainty regarding the infection time, and possibly low antigen avidity, d) NS1 elevated antibody levels for less than 2 months in SPF chicks. Due to the above mentioned reasons we do not recommend the application of the DIVA NS1 ELISA assay for monitoring and differentiation AIV H9N2 naturally-infected from vaccinated commercial birds.

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Gershoni, Jonathan M., David E. Swayne, Tal Pupko, Shimon Perk, Alexander Panshin, Avishai Lublin, and Natalia Golander. Discovery and reconstitution of cross-reactive vaccine targets for H5 and H9 avian influenza. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7699854.bard.

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Research objectives: Identification of highly conserved B-cell epitopes common to either H5 or H9 subtypes of AI Reconstruction of conserved epitopes from (1) as recombinantimmunogens, and testing their suitability to be used as universal vaccine components by measuring their binding to Influenza vaccinated sera of birds Vaccination of chickens with reconstituted epitopes and evaluation of successful vaccination, clinical protection and viral replication Development of a platform to investigate the dynamics of immune response towards infection or an epitope based vaccine Estimate our ability to focus the immune response towards an epitope-based vaccine using the tool we have developed in (D) Summary: This study is a multi-disciplinary study of four-way collaboration; The SERPL, USDA, Kimron-Israel, and two groups at TAU with the purpose of evaluating the production and implementation of epitope based vaccines against avian influenza (AI). Systematic analysis of the influenza viral spike led to the production of a highly conserved epitope situated at the hinge of the HA antigen designated “cluster 300” (c300). This epitope consists of a total of 31 residues and was initially expressed as a fusion protein of the Protein 8 major protein of the bacteriophagefd. Two versions of the c300 were produced to correspond to the H5 and H9 antigens respectively as well as scrambled versions that were identical with regard to amino acid composition yet with varied linear sequence (these served as negative controls). The recombinantimmunogens were produced first as phage fusions and then subsequently as fusions with maltose binding protein (MBP) or glutathioneS-transferase (GST). The latter were used to immunize and boost chickens at SERPL and Kimron. Furthermore, vaccinated and control chickens were challenged with concordant influenza strains at Kimron and SEPRL. Polyclonal sera were obtained for further analyses at TAU and computational bioinformatics analyses in collaboration with Prof. Pupko. Moreover, the degree of protection afforded by the vaccination was determined. Unfortunately, no protection could be demonstrated. In parallel to the main theme of the study, the TAU team (Gershoni and Pupko) designed and developed a novel methodology for the systematic analysis of the antibody composition of polyclonal sera (Deep Panning) which is essential for the analyses of the humoral response towards vaccination and challenge. Deep Panning is currently being used to monitor the polyclonal sera derived from the vaccination studies conducted at the SEPRL and Kimron.

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Levi, Brittany E. Choledochal Cysts: In Brief with Dr. Alexander Bondoc. Stay Current, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47465/sc1.

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Choledochal cysts are a core pathology in pediatric surgery, affecting 1/100,000 live births in the western world, and 1/13,000 in eastern asia. These cysts are classified by the Todani classification, types I-V, in respect to their location and underlying pathophysiology. Infants and children presenting with stigmata of biliary disease should undergo evaluation for choledocal cyst. Workup includes axial imaging, ultrasonography, and laboratory investigation. A liver biopsy is necessary in neonates and newborns to rule out cystic biliary atresia, which would require further evaluation and management. Large choledochal cysts may be visualized on prenatal ultrasound, and warrant referral to a fetal care center for postnatal work up and monitoring. Management of choledochal cysts is dependent on the anatomic variant and spans from ERCP with sphincterotomy, to cyst excision with ductal and alimentary tract reconstruction. Type V choledochal cysts may require liver transplantation. Long term follow up is required due to an enhanced risk of future malignancy, even after resection.

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