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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Urban hydrology Mathematical models"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022

Оновлено: 29 січня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Urban hydrology Mathematical models"

Lee, Kun-Fa, and Jia-Qi Lai. "Research on Modeling Technology and Application of Simulation Planning Based on Urban Ecological Park." International Journal of Engineering and Technology 12, no. 3 (August 2020): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijet.2020.v12.1181.

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Based on the importance of the construction of the regional environmental space of the urban ecological park, research on the topography, geology, hydrology, human activities and other aspects of the ecological engineering area of the park, use Geographic Information System (GIS) and MIKE21 technology to construct the regional environmental space of the urban ecological park, and establish the urban park Eco-engineering river section plane two-dimensional water flow, mathematical model analysis provides predictive engineering, simulating the change characteristics of river flow field and water level under typical flow, and the regional environment of urban ecological park can be used as a construction to ensure the safety of flood discharge and the water level along the line under the flood stability. To study the impact of urban ecological park project flood control on the flow pattern of water. Excessive water velocity can easily cause serious damage to the river embankment, which affects the structural stability of the river embankment of the ecological park and ultimately affects the flood discharge capacity of the ecological park’s rivers. MIKE21 and ecological models are adopted. Analyze the feasibility of the modeling method by numerical simulation, establish the numerical simulation model of the urban ecological park, simulate the ecological regional modeling logic system, predict and analyze the impact of the project on the change of the flood carrying capacity of the river, and provide the engineering research of the urban ecological park.

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James, William, and Boregowda Shivalingaiah. "Storm water pollution modelling: buildup of dust and dirt on surfaces subject to runoff." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 12, no. 4 (December 1, 1985): 906–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l85-103.

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Many runoff models are currently in use to predict both the quantity and quality of storm water runoff. In most models, the quality algorithms need further development to gain the confidence of model users. The writers have attempted to disaggregate the accumulation process and to develop improved algorithms for pollutant buildup. The factors and processes that affect buildup include atmospheric dustfall due to plumes of dust-laden air, wind effects, vehicles, intentional removals (e.g., street cleaning), special activities (such as construction and demolition), biological decomposition, and population-related activities (e.g., vegetation density, insecticides, herbicides, fertilizers, and lawn cutting). Mathematical expressions for each of these mechanisms are presented and utilized to develop algorithms in the RUNOFF module of the SWMM3 package.A separate multiregression model is used to generate atmospheric dustfall from meteorological information; this is input to the new program (NEWBLD) to calculate pollutant accumulation on individual subcatchments. NEWBLD is interfaced with the RUNOFF block of SWMM3. A sensitivity analysis is carried out using data for the Chedoke Creek catchment in Hamilton, Ontario. The modified version of the SWMM3 RUNOFF block developed herein by incorporating the new water quality algorithms is called CHGQUAL. It is applied to an urban catchment in Hamilton, Ontario. Key words: storm water models, dust and dirt buildup, storm water pollution, urban hydrology, air pollution.

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Lundström, T., Hans Åkerstedt, I. Larsson, Jiri Marsalek, and Maria Viklander. "Dynamic Distributed Storage of Stormwater in Sponge-Like Porous Bodies: Modelling Water Uptake." Water 12, no. 8 (July 22, 2020): 2080. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12082080.

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An innovative concept of dynamic stormwater storage in sponge-like porous bodies (SPBs) is presented and modelled using first principles, for down-flow and up-flow variants of SPBs. The rate of inflow driven by absorption and/or capillary action into various porous material structures was computed as a function of time and found to be critically dependent on the type of structure and the porous material used. In a case study, the rates of inflow and storage filling were modelled for various conditions and found to match, or exceed, the rates of rainwater inflow and volume accumulation associated with two types of Swedish rainfalls, of 60-min duration and a return period of 10 years. Hence, the mathematical models indicated that the SPB devices studied could capture relevant amounts of water. The theoretical study also showed that the SPB concepts could be further optimized. Such findings confirmed the potential of dynamic SPB storage to control stormwater runoff and serve as one of numerous elements contributing to restoration of pre-urban hydrology in urban catchments. Finally, the issues to be considered in bringing this theoretical concept to a higher Technological Readiness Level were discussed briefly, including operational challenges. However, it should be noted that a proper analysis of such issues requires a separate study building on the current presentation of theoretical concepts.

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Sharma, Ashish, Suresh Hettiarachchi, and Conrad Wasko. "Estimating design hydrologic extremes in a warming climate: alternatives, uncertainties and the way forward." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 379, no. 2195 (March 2021): 20190623. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2019.0623.

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It is now well established that our warming planet is experiencing changes in extreme storms and floods, resulting in a need to better specify hydrologic design guidelines that can be projected into the future. This paper attempts to summarize the nature of changes occurring and the impact they are having on the design flood magnitude, with a focus on the urban catchments that we will increasingly reside in as time goes on. Two lines of reasoning are used to assess and model changes in design hydrology. The first of these involves using observed storms and soil moisture conditions and projecting how these may change into the future. The second involves using climate model simulations of the future and using them as inputs into hydrologic models to assess the changed design estimates. We discuss here the limitations in both and suggest that the two are, in fact, linked, as climate model projections for the future are needed in the first approach to form meaningful projections for the future. Based on the author's experience with both lines of reasoning, this invited commentary presents a theoretical narrative linking these two and identifying factors and assumptions that need to be validated before implementation in practice. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Intensification of short-duration rainfall extremes and implications for flash flood risks’.

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Wawrzosek, Jacek, and Szymon Ignaciuk. "Postoptimization of the model of water supply for urban and industrial agglomeration." ITM Web of Conferences 23 (2018): 00035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20182300035.

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A case study of the tools used by an analyst of the economic aspects of the operation of the water supply network has been undertaken in this paper. All issues discussed here are formulated by using degenerated linear programming models ( PL ). Below, it is noted that the linear dependence of binding constraints ( CO ) distorts standard postoptimization procedures in PL. This observed fact makes postoptimization analysis mostly unhelpful for an average analyst due to problems with the int erpretation of ambiguous sensitivity reports which are obtained from popular computer packages. In standard postoptimization methods, changes to single parameters of the right-hand vector CO are analyzed or referred to parametric linear programming that unfortunately requires prior knowledge of mathematically and economically justified vectors of changes of right-hand sides CO. Therefore, it is suggested that modifications are introduced to some of the postoptimization procedures in this work. For issues in the field of hydrology, the following were presented: interpretation and methods of generating justified vectors of changes of right-hand sides of limiting conditions. And so, the procedure of generating infinitely many solutions of the dual issue based on certain vectors orthogonal to the vector of right-hand sides of constraint conditions was demonstrated. Furthermore, the same orthogonal vectors were used to obtain nodal solutions of the dua0l model and the corresponding vectors of changes of the entire right-hand sides of the constraint conditions. Then, managerial interpretation was applied to this way of proceeding. The methods presented in the work serve to improve the functioning of the system of water supply.

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Yu, Cheng-Wei, Ben R. Hodges, and Frank Liu. "A new form of the Saint-Venant equations for variable topography." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 24, no. 8 (August 18, 2020): 4001–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-4001-2020.

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Abstract. The solution stability of river models using the one-dimensional (1D) Saint-Venant equations can be easily undermined when source terms in the discrete equations do not satisfy the Lipschitz smoothness condition for partial differential equations. Although instability issues have been previously noted, they are typically treated as model implementation issues rather than as underlying problems associated with the form of the governing equations. This study proposes a new reference slope form of the Saint-Venant equations to ensure smooth slope source terms and eliminate one source of potential numerical oscillations. It is shown that a simple algebraic transformation of channel geometry provides a smooth reference slope while preserving the correct cross-section flow area and the total Piezometric pressure gradient that drives the flow. The reference slope method ensures the slope source term in the governing equations is Lipschitz continuous while maintaining all the underlying complexity of the real-world geometry. The validity of the mathematical concept is demonstrated with the open-source Simulation Program for River Networks (SPRNT) model in a series of artificial test cases and a simulation of a small urban creek. Validation comparisons are made with analytical solutions and the Hydrologic Engineering Center's River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) model. The new method reduces numerical oscillations and instabilities without requiring ad hoc smoothing algorithms.

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Mulla, D. J. "Mathematical Models of Small Watershed Hydrology and Applications." Journal of Environmental Quality 32, no. 1 (January 2003): 374. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2003.374a.

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Dmitriev, V. I., E. S. Kurkina, and O. E. Simakova. "Mathematical models of urban growth." Computational Mathematics and Modeling 22, no. 1 (January 2011): 54–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10598-011-9088-8.

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Ichiba, Abdellah, Auguste Gires, Ioulia Tchiguirinskaia, Daniel Schertzer, Philippe Bompard, and Marie-Claire Ten Veldhuis. "Scale effect challenges in urban hydrology highlighted with a distributed hydrological model." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 22, no. 1 (January 15, 2018): 331–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-331-2018.

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Abstract. Hydrological models are extensively used in urban water management, development and evaluation of future scenarios and research activities. There is a growing interest in the development of fully distributed and grid-based models. However, some complex questions related to scale effects are not yet fully understood and still remain open issues in urban hydrology. In this paper we propose a two-step investigation framework to illustrate the extent of scale effects in urban hydrology. First, fractal tools are used to highlight the scale dependence observed within distributed data input into urban hydrological models. Then an intensive multi-scale modelling work is carried out to understand scale effects on hydrological model performance. Investigations are conducted using a fully distributed and physically based model, Multi-Hydro, developed at Ecole des Ponts ParisTech. The model is implemented at 17 spatial resolutions ranging from 100 to 5 m. Results clearly exhibit scale effect challenges in urban hydrology modelling. The applicability of fractal concepts highlights the scale dependence observed within distributed data. Patterns of geophysical data change when the size of the observation pixel changes. The multi-scale modelling investigation confirms scale effects on hydrological model performance. Results are analysed over three ranges of scales identified in the fractal analysis and confirmed through modelling. This work also discusses some remaining issues in urban hydrology modelling related to the availability of high-quality data at high resolutions, and model numerical instabilities as well as the computation time requirements. The main findings of this paper enable a replacement of traditional methods of “model calibration” by innovative methods of “model resolution alteration” based on the spatial data variability and scaling of flows in urban hydrology.

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Thorndahl, Søren, Thomas Einfalt, Patrick Willems, Jesper Ellerbæk Nielsen, Marie-Claire ten Veldhuis, Karsten Arnbjerg-Nielsen, Michael R. Rasmussen, and Peter Molnar. "Weather radar rainfall data in urban hydrology." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 21, no. 3 (March 7, 2017): 1359–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-1359-2017.

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Abstract. Application of weather radar data in urban hydrological applications has evolved significantly during the past decade as an alternative to traditional rainfall observations with rain gauges. Advances in radar hardware, data processing, numerical models, and emerging fields within urban hydrology necessitate an updated review of the state of the art in such radar rainfall data and applications. Three key areas with significant advances over the past decade have been identified: (1) temporal and spatial resolution of rainfall data required for different types of hydrological applications, (2) rainfall estimation, radar data adjustment and data quality, and (3) nowcasting of radar rainfall and real-time applications. Based on these three fields of research, the paper provides recommendations based on an updated overview of shortcomings, gains, and novel developments in relation to urban hydrological applications. The paper also reviews how the focus in urban hydrology research has shifted over the last decade to fields such as climate change impacts, resilience of urban areas to hydrological extremes, and online prediction/warning systems. It is discussed how radar rainfall data can add value to the aforementioned emerging fields in current and future applications, but also to the analysis of integrated water systems.

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Дисертації з теми "Urban hydrology Mathematical models"

Fahy, Benjamin. "Evaluating the Impact and Distribution of Stormwater Green Infrastructure on Watershed Outflow." PDXScholar, 2019. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4732.

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Green Stormwater Infrastructure (GSI) has become a popular method for flood mitigation as it can prevent runoff from entering streams during heavy precipitation. In this study, a recently developed neighborhood in Gresham, Oregon hosts a comparison of various GSI projects on runoff dynamics. The study site includes dispersed GSI (rain gardens, retention chambers, green streets) and centralized GSI (bioswales, detention ponds, detention pipes). For the 2017-2018 water year, hourly rainfall and observed discharge data is used to calibrate the EPA's Stormwater Management Model to simulate rainfall-runoff dynamics, achieving a Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency of 0.75 and Probability Bias statistic of 3.3%. A synthetic scenario analysis quantifies the impact of the study site GSI and compares dispersed and centralized arrangements. Each test was performed under four precipitation scenarios (of differing intensity and duration) for four metrics: runoff ratio, peak discharge, lag time, and flashiness. Design structure has significant impacts, reducing runoff ratio 10 to 20%, reducing peak discharge 26 to 68%, and reducing flashiness index 56 to 70%. There was a reverse impact on lag time, increasing it to 50 to 80%. Distributed GSI outperform centralized structures for all metrics, reducing runoff ratio 22 to 32%, reducing peak discharge 67 to 69%, increasing lag time 133 to 500%, and reducing flashiness index between 32 and 62%. This research serves as a basis for researchers and stormwater managers to understand potential impact of GSI on reducing runoff and downstream flooding in small urban watersheds with frequent rain.

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Psaris, Alexander Michael. "Assessing Hydrologic and Water Quality Sensitivities to Precipitation Changes, Urban Growth and Land Management Using SWAT." PDXScholar, 2014. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1783.

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Precipitation changes and urban growth are two factors altering the state of water quality. Changes in precipitation will alter the amount and timing of flows, and the corresponding sediment and nutrient dynamics. Meanwhile, densification associated with urban growth will create more impervious surfaces which will alter sediment and nutrient loadings. Land and water managers often rely on models to develop possible future scenarios and devise management responses to these projected changes. We use the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to assess the sensitivities of stream flow, sediment, and nutrient loads in two urbanizing watersheds in Northwest Oregon, USA to various climate and urbanization scenarios. We evaluate the spatial patterns climate change and urban growth will have on water, sediment and nutrient yields. We also identify critical source areas (CSAs) and investigate how implementation of vegetative filter strips (VFS) could ameliorate the effects of these changes. Our findings suggest that: 1) Water yield is tightly coupled to precipitation. 2) Large increases in winter and spring precipitation provide enough sub-surface storage to increase summertime water yields despite a moderate decrease in summer precipitation. 3) Expansion of urban areas increases surface runoff and has mixed effects on sediment and nutrients. 4) Implementation of VFS reduces pollutant loads helping overall watershed health. This research demonstrates the usefulness of SWAT in facilitating informed land and water management decisions.

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Washburne, James Clarke. "A distributed surface temperature and energy balance model of a semi-arid watershed." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186800.

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A simple model of surface and sub-surface soil temperature was developed at the watershed scale (-100 km²) in a semi-arid rangeland environment. The model consisted of a linear combination of air temperature and net radiation and assumed: (1) topography controls the spatial distribution of net radiation, (2) near-surface air temperature and incoming solar radiation are relatively homogeneous at the watershed scale and are available from ground stations and (3) soil moisture dominates transient soil thermal property variability. Multiplicative constants were defined to account for clear sky diffuse radiation, soil thermal inertia, an initially fixed ratio between soil heat flux and net radiation and exponential attenuation of solar radiation through a partial canopy. The surface temperature can optionally be adjusted for temperature and emissivity differences between mixed bare soil and vegetation canopies. Model development stressed physical simplicity and commonly available spatial and temporal data sets. Slowly varying surface characteristics, such as albedo, vegetation density and topography were derived from a series of Landsat TM images and a 7.5" USGS digital elevation model at a spatial resolution of 30 m. Diurnally variable atmospheric parameters were derived from a pair of ground meteorological stations using 30-60 min averages. One site was used to drive the model, the other served as a control to estimate model error. Data collected as part of the Monsoon '90 and WG '92 field experiments over the ARS Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed in SE Arizona were used to validate and test the model. Point, transect and spatially distributed values of modeled surface temperature were compared with synchronous ground, aircraft and satellite thermal measurements. There was little difference between ground and aircraft measurements of surface reflectance and temperature which makes aircraft transects the preferred method to "ground truth" satellite observations. Mid-morning modeled surface temperatures were within 2° C of observed values at all but satellite scales, where atmospheric water vapor corrections complicate the determination of accurate temperatures. The utility of satellite thermal measurements and models to study various ground phenomena (e.g. soil thermal inertia and surface energy balance) were investigated. Soil moisture anomalies were detectable, but were more likely associated with average near-surface soil moisture levels than individual storm footprints.

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Mahanama, Sarith Prasad Panditha. "Distributed approach of coupling basin scale hydrology with atmospheric processes." Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B22088817.

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Goodrich, David Charles. "Basin Scale and Runoff Model Complexity." Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/614028.

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Distributed Rainfall-Runoff models are gaining widespread acceptance; yet, a fundamental issue that must be addressed by all users of these models is definition of an acceptable level of watershed discretization (geometric model complexity). The level of geometric model complexity is a function of basin and climatic scales as well as the availability of input and verification data. Equilibrium discharge storage is employed to develop a quantitative methodology to define a level of geometric model complexity commensurate with a specified level of model performance. Equilibrium storage ratios are used to define the transition from overland to channel -dominated flow response. The methodology is tested on four subcatchments in the USDA -ARS Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed in Southeastern Arizona. The catchments cover a range of basins scales of over three orders of magnitude. This enabled a unique assessment of watershed response behavior as a function of basin scale. High quality, distributed, rainfall -runoff data was used to verify the model (KINEROSR). Excellent calibration and verification results provided confidence in subsequent model interpretations regarding watershed response behavior. An average elementary channel support area of roughly 15% of the total basin area is shown to provide a watershed discretization level that maintains model performance for basins ranging in size from 1.5 to 631 hectares. Detailed examination of infiltration, including the role and impacts of incorporating small scale infiltration variability in a distribution sense, into KINEROSR, over a range of soils and climatic scales was also addressed. The impacts of infiltration and channel losses on runoff response increase with increasing watershed scale as the relative influence of storms is diminished in a semiarid environment such as Walnut Gulch. In this semiarid environment, characterized by ephemeral streams, watershed runoff response does not become more linear with increasing watershed scale but appears to become more nonlinear.

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Bailey, Mark A(Mark Alexander) 1970. "Improved techniques for the treatment of uncertainty in physically-based models of catchment water balance." Monash University, Dept. of Civil Engineering, 2001. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/8271.

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Oliver, Marcel 1963. "Mathematical investigation of models of shallow water with a varying bottom." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/191198.

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This dissertation is a mathematical investigation of the so-called lake and the great lake equations, which are shallow water equations that describe the long-time motion of an inviscid, incompressible fluid contained in a shallow basin with a slowly spatially varying bottom, a free upper surface and vertical side walls, under the influence of gravity and in the limit of small characteristic velocities and very small surface amplitude. It is shown that these equations are globally well-posed, i.e. that they possess unique global weak solutions that depend continuously on the initial data and on the bottom topography. Provided the initial data is in a class of sufficiently differentiable functions, it remains a member of that class for all times. In other words, the lake and great lake equations have global classical solutions. Moreover, if the equations are posed on a space-periodic domain and the initial data is real analytic, the solution remains real analytic for all times. The proof is based on a characterization of Gevrey classes in terms of decay of Fourier coefficients. Finally, a partial mathematical justification of the formal derivation of the lake equations is given. It is shown that solutions of the lake equation stay close to solutions of the rigid lid equations—the three dimensional Euler equations in the limit of small surface wave amplitude—in the following sense: For every error bound 6 there exists a time T = T(ε) such that for all times t ∈ [0, T] the difference between a solution to the lake equations and the solution to the rigid lid equation corresponding to the same initial data is less than E in a suitably chosen norm. Moreover, T tends to infinity as the aspect ratio of the basin tends to zero.

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Javaheri, Hamed. "Automatic calibration of urban run-off models using global optimization techniques." Thesis, McGill University, 1998. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21305.

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Conceptual urban runoff (CUR) models are commonly used in the Planning and design of urban drainage systems. These models often require a large number of variables and parameters in order to accurately describe, the complex relationships between rainfall, runoff and watershed characteristics. This requirement has often become a barrier to the use of such models, because of the difficulties involved in the estimation of these parameters. Hence, there is a great need to develop a robust and reliable automatic calibration procedure to assist in the identification of the best set of optimal parameters for a CUR model. The present study is therefore concerned with the automatic calibration of a typical and well-known CUR model, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Storm Water Management Model, or SWMM.
In this study, two automatic calibration methods were considered based an two different optimization algorithms: the Downhill Simplex (DHS), a popular local optimization technique, and the Shuffled Complex Evolution (SCE), a global optimization procedure. The consistency of SCE in estimating the SWMM model parameters was assessed under two different scenarios: (1) using "error-free" synthetic data, and (2) using observed data available an the Upper Bukit Timah catchment in Singapore. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

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夏激揚 and Jiyang Xia. "Numerical study on wind field and air pollutant dispersion in urban street canopies." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31242509.

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Wong, Ching-chi, and 黃精治. "Flow and pollutant dispersion over idealized urban street canyons using large-eddy simulation." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/206698.

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Flows and pollutant dispersion over flat rural terrain have been investigated for decades. However, our understanding of their behaviours over urban areas is rather limited. Most cases have either focused on street level or in the roughness sub-layer (RSL) of urban boundary layer (UBL). Whereas, only a handful of studies have looked into the coupling between street-level and UBL-core dynamics, and their effects on pollutant dispersion. In this thesis, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is employed to examine the flows and pollutant transport in and over urban roughness. Idealised two-dimensional (2D) street canyons are used as the basic units fabricating hypothetical urban surfaces. A ground-level passive and chemically inert pollutant source is applied to simulate the flows and pollutant dispersion over rough surfaces in isothermal condition. Large-eddy simulation (LES) with the one-equation subgrid-scale model is used to solve explicitly the broad range of scales in turbulent flows. Arrays of idealized street canyons of both uniform and non-uniform building height are used to formulate a unified theory for the flows and pollutant dispersion over urban areas of different morphology. The geometry of roughness elements is controlled by the building-height-to-street-width (aspect) ratio (0.083 ≤ AR ≤ 2) and/or the building height variability (BHV = 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6), in which the characteristic regimes of skimming flow, wake-interference and isolated roughness are covered. A detailed analysis on the roof-level turbulence structure reveals parcels of low-speed air masses in the streamwise flows and narrow high-speed down-drafts in the urban canopy layer, signifying the momentum entrainment into the street canyons. The decelerating streamwise flows in turn initiate up-drafts carrying pollutants away from the street canyons, illustrating the basic pollutant removal mechanism in 2D street canyons. Turbulent transport processes, in the form of ejection and sweep, are the key events governing the exchanges of air and pollutant of street canyon. Air exchange rate (ACH) along the roof level is dominated by turbulent transport, in particular over narrow street canyons. The LES results show that both the turbulence level and ACH increase with increasing aerodynamic resistance defined in term of the Fanning friction factor. At the same AR, BHV greatly increases the friction factor and the ACH in dense built areas (AR ≤ 0.25). The turbulence intensity is peaked on the windward side of street canyons that does not overlap with the maximum velocity gradient near the leeward building corners, suggesting the importance of background turbulence in street-level ventilation. Over the building roughness, pollutant plume dispersion after the ground-level area source in cross flows resumes the self-similar Gaussian shape in the vertical direction in which the vertical plume coverage is proportional to the square root of downwind distance in the streamwise direction. Moreover, the vertical dispersion coefficient is proportional to the one-fourth power of friction factor over idealised street canyons. Conclusively, friction factor can be used to parametrise ventilation and pollutant dispersion over urban areas.
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Книги з теми "Urban hydrology Mathematical models"

Akan, A. Osman. Urban stormwater hydrology: A guide to engineering calculations. Lancaster, Pa: Technomic Pub. Co., 1993.

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Sherwood, James M. Estimating peak discharges, flood volumes, and hydrograph shapes of small ungaged urban streams in Ohio. Columbus, Ohio: Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1986.

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M, Sherwood James. Estimating peak discharges, flood volumes, and hydrograph shapes of small ungaged urban streams in Ohio. Columbus, Ohio: Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1986.

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M, Sherwood James. Estimating peak discharges, flood volumes, and hydrograph shapes of small ungaged urban streams in Ohio. Columbus, Ohio: Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1986.

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Barrett, Michael E. A parsimonious model for simulation of flow and transport in a karst aquifer. Austin, TX: Center for Research in Water Resources, Bureau of Engineering Research, University of Texas at Austin, 1996.

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1937-, James William, and Computational Hydraulics International, eds. Models and applications to urban water systems, monograph 9. Guelph, Ont: CHI, 2001.

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1937-, James William, ed. Advances in modeling the management of stormwater impacts, volume 6. Guelph, Ont: Computational Hydraulics International, 1998.

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Stormwater and Urban Water Systems Modeling Conference (2009 Toronto, Ont.). Dynamic modeling of urban water systems. Guelph, Ont: CHI, 2010.

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Stormwater and Urban Water Systems Modeling Conference (2005 Toronto, Ont.). Intelligent modeling of urban water systems. Guelph, Ont: CHI, 2006.

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Stormwater and Urban Water Systems Modeling Conference (2006 Toronto, Ont.). Contemporary modeling of urban water systems. Guelph, Ont: CHI, 2007.

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Частини книг з теми "Urban hydrology Mathematical models"

Chocat, Bernard. "Urban Hydrology Models." In Mathematical Models, 155–212. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118557853.ch6.

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Fourmigué, Patrick, and Patrick Arnaud. "Reservoir Models in Hydrology." In Mathematical Models, 397–407. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118557853.ch12.

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Bhattacharjya, Rajib K., and Triptimoni Borah. "Coastal Aquifer Management Models: A Comprehensive Review on Model Development." In Urban Hydrology, Watershed Management and Socio-Economic Aspects, 95–106. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40195-9_8.

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Roy, John R., and Paul F. Lesse. "Information Flows and Decision-Making in Urban Models." In Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems, 67–86. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-51020-5_4.

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Barnes, Trevor. "Not Only … But Also: Urban Mathematical Models and Urban Social Theory." In The Mathematics of Urban Morphology, 491–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12381-9_23.

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Remesan, Renji, and Dawei Han. "Evaluation of Mathematical Models with Utility Index: A Case Study from Hydrology." In Computational Intelligence Techniques in Earth and Environmental Sciences, 243–64. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8642-3_13.

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Bretschneider, Sarah. "Erratum to: Mathematical Models for Evacuation Planning in Urban Areas." In Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems, E1. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28759-6_10.

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Zeman, E., and J. Spatka. "Evaluation of Impacts of Control Measures, Applied in the Source Catchments, by Mathematical Models." In Advances in Urban Stormwater and Agricultural Runoff Source Controls, 181–94. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0532-6_16.

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Di Francesco, Gabriele. "Socio-Vital Areas Analysis a Qualitative Approach to Sociological Analysis of Urban Spaces and Social Life." In Mathematical-Statistical Models and Qualitative Theories for Economic and Social Sciences, 365–75. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54819-7_24.

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Cascetta, Ennio. "Mathematical Models for Simulating Urban Mobility Systems: State of the Art and Lines of Development." In The City and Its Sciences, 825–50. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag HD, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-95929-5_31.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Urban hydrology Mathematical models"

Egderly, J. L., L. A. Roesner, C. A. Rohrer, and J. A. Gironás. "Quantifying Urban-induced Flow Regime Alteration and Evaluating Mitigation Alternatives Using Mathematical Models and Hydrologic Metrics." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2006. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40856(200)425.

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Jolic, N., Z. Kavran, and M. Bukljas. "A mathematical model of UITS demand for investment return models." In URBAN TRANSPORT 2007. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/ut070161.

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Kachiashvili, Kartlos, David Gordeziani, and David Melikdzhanian. "Mathematical Models of Pollutants Transport with Allowance for Many Affecting Pollution Sources." In Specialty Symposium on Urban Drainage Modeling at the World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2001. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40583(275)65.

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Lyapunova, G. P. "Models of functional relationships of territorial entities of urban agglomeration." In Problems of transformation and regulation of regional socio- economic systems. Saint Petersburg State University of Aerospace Instrumentation, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52897/978-5-8088-1635-0-2021-49-69-75.

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The task of the study was to analyze and interpret the properties of the mathematical model of the distribution of urban functions between the territorial formations of the urban agglomeration. The article presents and considers at the substantive level the assumptions made by the author in the modeling process, justifies the choice of the method for finding the optimal solution for the basic model and some of its variants, investigates the properties of the proposed models and proposes algorithms for finding optimal solutions at the formalized and informal level.

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Lv, Conggang, Shufang Xia, and Xuting Zhang. "Research on the Relationship Between Tourism Economic Growth and Urban-Rural Income Gap Using Mathematical Models." In Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Economy, Data Modeling and Cloud Computing, ICIDC 2022, 17-19 June 2022, Qingdao, China. EAI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.17-6-2022.2322641.

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Del Signore, Marcella, and Cordula Roser Gray. "DATAField Strategies for Technological RESILIENCE through URBAN PROTOTYPING." In 2018 Intersections. ACSA Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.aia.inter.18.5.

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The leveraging of digital technologies at the intersection of architecture and urbanism allows for imagining scenarios for the future of cities. In line with recent cross-disciplinary research, this paper aims at investigating how large-scale prototyping applied to urban space can generate impact and provide a working model for Resilient Strategies. DATAField, a placemaking intervention developed in New Orleans, investigates how the synthetic integration of ‘the making’ of place, the importance of citizens’ engagement and the incorporation of digital technologies can provide an operative framework for large scale urban prototyping. Introducing models for urban hydrology management, citizen-engaged science, visualization strategies of underlying infrastructural systems and resultant urban prototyping related to resiliency, DATAField demonstrates how digital technologies implemented through systemic approaches can be a powerful tool to design in soft-land and to strengthen citizens’ awareness of ‘how we can live with water’ in vulnerable ecosystems.

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Zagorskas, Jurgis. "GIS-based Estimation of Function Mix in Urban Environment at Neighbourhood Scale." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.129.

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Urban consumption is growing with every year and the studies of urban form, density, transportation, and infrastructure are becoming more popular research topics. Mixed-use development is widely recognized and discussed subject of urban sustainability. It helps to cope with energy and transportation related problems in urban environment, forms walking-friendly, economically and socially vital communities. Although mixed land use is the key planning principle of sustainable development and this term frequently appears in the urban planning strategies and literature, it is rarely elaborated upon with substantive and empirical support. Furthermore – the standard mathematical models and methods for quantifying this parameter in most cases are meant for macro-scale, e.g. comparison between cities, districts. This approach miss the human scale – the scale of walkable neighbourhood, and is not suitable to support local planning decisions and detailed measures. This study performs functional mix analysis of Klaipėda City (Lithuania) with emphasis on neighbourhood scale. The demonstrated model proves the importance of scale factor and adds another dimension to existing methods providing background for micro-scale studies of urban form.

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Santamaria, Giovanni. "Transforming Territories: A Landscape of “In-Tension-Alities”." In 2018 ACSA International Conference. ACSA Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.intl.2018.46.

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The flow of people, resources, material and immaterial goods, and at the same time regimes and strategies of control, have always shaped/reshaped our geographies and processes of urbanization. Therefore built and unbuilt landscapes have been characterized by gradual or dramatic changes, leading to new architectural typologies and urban morphologies corresponding to the transformation of means of production, distribution, circulation, consumption and to the shift of political, economic and ideological realms. The effects of these processes on structure and quality of space and life could be described as part of a complex Urban Metabolism¹ which looks at the city and its territory as a complex organism. This dynamic landscape has reached a high level of complexity where natural environments (geology, hydrology, topography) and cultural environments (productive lands, urban settlements, infrastructural networks) need to be synergistically understood as part of an articulated ecological system, with both micro and macro implications. It is the synthesis of geographic-historical contents (collective values), aesthetic-perceptual contents (individual values), and ecological-natural contents (biological values)², influenced more and more by natural and man-made disasters caused by climate change and human conflicts. Since the city as a definable entity and product of predetermined models has become obsolete, we are now called to work with a collage of fragments, heterogeneous and dynamic, often in opposition and unpredictable, subjected to the balance of variable forces, with their own order and rules, and their own ways of evolving, which we have to understand and manage³. This determines the need for new tools and methods to observe, record and assess urban phenomena, and the data regarding them, towards more sensitive interventions.

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Wang, Xiao, Lin Fu, Xiling Zhao, and Hua Liu. "Thermodynamic Analysis of a Central Heating System Combing the Urban Heat Network With Geothermal Energy." In ASME 2013 7th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2013 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2013 11th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2013-18285.

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In recent years, with the continuous urban expansion, the central heating sources are commonly insufficient in the areas of Northern China. Besides, the increasing heat transfer temperature difference results in more and more exergy loss between the primary heat network and the secondary heat network. This paper introduces a new central heating system which combines the urban heat network with geothermal energy (CHSCHNGE). In this system, the absorption heat exchange unit, which is composed of an absorption heat pump and a water to water heat exchanger, is as alternative to the conventional water to water heat exchanger at the heat exchange station, and the doing work ability of the primary heat network is utilized to drive the absorption heat pump to extract the shallow geothermal energy. In this way, the heat supply ability of the system will be increased with fewer additional energy consumptions. Since the water after driving the absorption heat pump has high temperature, it can continue to heat the supply water coming from the absorption heat pump. As a result, the water of the primary heat network will be stepped cooled and the exergy loss will be reduced. In this study, the performance of the system is simulated based on the mathematical models of the heat source, the absorption heat exchange unit, the ground heat exchanger and the room. The thermodynamic analyses are performed for three systems and the energy efficiency and exergy efficiency are compared. The results show that (a) the COP of the absorption heat exchange unit is 1.25 and the heating capacity of the system increases by 25%, which can effectively reduce the requirements of central heating sources; (b) the PER of the system increases 14.4% more than that of the conventional co-generation central heating system and 54.1% more than that of the ground source heat pump system; (c) the exergy efficiency of the CHSCHNGE is 17.6% higher than that of the conventional co-generation central heating system and 45.6% higher than that of the ground source heat pump system.

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Norte Pinto, Nuno, António Pais Antunes, and Josep Roca Cladera. "Application of a cellular automata model to the metropolitan area of Barcelona." In International Conference Virtual City and Territory. Barcelona: Centre de Política de Sòl i Valoracions, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/ctv.7578.

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Cellular Automata (CA) models are among the most popular models for simulating land use change/growth in urban areas around the world and have experienced a significant development over the last twenty years. These models have their origins on the efforts of devising mathematical rules for biological systems and for evolution developed by mathematicians von Neumann and Stanislaw Ulam in the 1940s. Two main features made CA interesting for urban studies, to which they were introduced by Waldo Tobler in the early 1970s. First, their intrinsic spatiality, which is suitable for the simulation of a variety of geographic phenomena. Second, the possibility of simulating complex patterns of, for example, land use starting from a simple conceptual framework that includes the definition of a cell space, a neighborhood, and a finite set of transition rules applied to a finite set of cell states. These models have been developed for different urban contexts and are mainly based on the use of regular cells derived from remote sensing imagery. This is a simplification in the representation of urban areas: on the one hand, regular cells do not represent common urban form and, on the other hand, they do not held information of any type other than land use, obtained from automatic classification. These issues suggested the consideration of irregular cells linked to reliable information, that is, census blocks. Census blocks are drawn considering the form of urban areas and they are the most reliable source of data on a wide variety of subjects, being a natural choice for the design of CA cells. We present in this paper an application of a CA model to simulate urban change in the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona, in a prospective analysis of 20 years. The model uses irregular cells designed considering census blocks.We describe the main features of the model and the calibration process, as well as the simulation results. We also discuss some new features that are the core of our current research on CA.

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