Готові списки джерел за темами / Urban Contexts

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Urban Contexts"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 14 березня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Urban Contexts"

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Li, Gang. "Urban Contexts and the Shape of Urban Features." Advanced Materials Research 919-921 (April 2014): 1591–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.919-921.1591.

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Анотація:
The shape of urban features in our country neglects the context, and goes to two extremes. These extremes damage the development of urban. This paper focuses on differentiating and analyzing the concept and culture to urban contexts and features. There is a logical affinity between the urban contexts and the urban features. That is, the urban contexts mean “truth”, the urban features means “beauty”; the urban contexts are the “cause.” of urban features, and the urban features are the “results” of the urban context.
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García-Pérez, Sergio. "Diseño urbano y espacio público en contextos de regeneración urbana integrada: conceptos, marco institucional y experiencias recientes | Urban design and public space in integrated urban regeneration contexts: Concepts, institutional framework, and recent experiences." ZARCH, no. 8 (October 2, 2017): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.26754/ojs_zarch/zarch.201782157.

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El interés institucional por la regeneración urbana integrada y la mejora de los tejidos urbanos obsoletos ha aumentado en los últimos años, siendo uno de los procesos por los que apuesta la nueva agenda urbana. Al respecto, numerosos autores señalan el carácter sistémico de los problemas, de múltiples dimensiones y reconocen que la calidad de la forma y el diseño urbano son una condición que puede favorecer la correcta evolución de un área urbana. El objetivo de este texto es analizar en qué grado están presentes la necesidad de un buen diseño y una atención específica por las formas urbanas en los conceptos, el marco institucional y en determinadas prácticas que promueven la regeneración urbana. Para ello, el artículo comienza con una exploración evolutiva del concepto de regeneración urbana focalizada en la experiencia española. A continuación, se analiza el marco institucional que regula actualmente la regeneración urbana, así como las políticas de estímulo estatales que la promueven. Al encontrar en el escenario nacional (Plan Estatal 2013) algunas debilidades en torno al diseño urbano y espacio público, se compara con otro de reconocida influencia (Ley de Barrios 2004) con el fin de conocer el rol del diseño urbano en cada uno de ellos. Por último, el artículo analiza dos experiencias recientes realizadas en el marco de la Ley de Barrios –Santa Caterina i Sant Pere y Sant Ildefons, (en Barcelona y su área metropolitana)–, verificando la relevancia del diseño urbano en determinadas prácticas de regeneración.PALABRAS CLAVE: regeneración urbana, diseño urbano, espacio público, legislación urbanística, políticas de estímulo, BarcelonaThe institutional interest for integrated urban regeneration and the improvement of deprived urban fabric has increased in last years, being one of the main processes included in the new urban agenda. At this regard, many authors point out the systemic nature of the problems, of multiple dimensions, recognising in the quality of the form and the urban design a condition capable of favouring an urban area evolution. The purpose of this paper is to analyse to what extent the need for good design and specific attention to urban forms are present in concepts, institutional framework, and certain practices that urban regeneration promotes. To this end, the article begins with an evolutive exploration of urban regeneration concept, focusing on the Spanish experience. Next, the recent institutional framework is analysed, as well as the state policies that support urban regeneration. Finding in the national scenario (Plan Estatal 2013) some weaknesses around the urban design and public space, which it is compared with one of recognized influence (Ley de Barrios 2004), in order to know the role of urban design in each of them. Finally, the article analyses two recent experiences carried out within the ‘Ley de Barrios’ framework -Santa Caterina i Sant Pere and Sant Ildefons, (in Barcelona and its metropolitan area)-, verifying the urban design relevance in certain regeneration practices.KEYWORDS: urban regeneration, urban design, public space, planning law, stimulus policies, Barcelona
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Peng, Chengzhi, and Peter Blundell Jones. "Reconstructing urban contexts online for interactive urban designs." Design Studies 25, no. 2 (March 2004): 175–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.destud.2003.10.005.

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4

Liu, Baodong. "Deracialization And Urban Racial Contexts." Urban Affairs Review 38, no. 4 (March 2003): 572–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1078087402250370.

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Duhau, Emilio, and Ángela Giglia. "Conflictos por el espacio y orden urbano / Spatial Conflicts and Urban Order." Estudios Demográficos y Urbanos 19, no. 2 (May 1, 2004): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.24201/edu.v19i2.1187.

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Анотація:
En este artículo se explora una interpretación de los conflictos en torno al espacio en la Zona Metropolitana de la Ciudad de México (ZMCM) con base en los conceptos de orden y de contextos urbanos. Para ello se presenta en primer término un conjunto de formas históricas de producción del espacio urbano que, de acuerdo con los autores, conforman en la actualidad cuatro “ciudades”, es decir, otros tantos contextos urbanos que se diferencian entre sí, entre otras cuestiones, por el tipo de conflictos por el espacio que en cada uno de ellos aparece como dominante. En segundo término se examina el concepto de orden urbano y se propone una línea de interpretación de los conflictos relacionados con el espacio que marcan en la actualidad dicho orden en la metrópoli. Por último se describen e ilustran las dinámicas que caracterizan a cada uno de los cuatro contextos urbanos o “ciudades” a partir de las formas en que se combinan diferentes modalidades de organización del espacio, usos del espacio público y privado y conflictos dominantes por el espacio. AbstractResorting to the concepts of urban order and urban context, this paper explores an interpretation of conflicts concerning the uses and modes of appropriation of urban space in the metropolitan zone of Mexico City. To this end, it firstly characterizes a group of historical forms of urban space production that, according with the authors, have given place to four types of “cities” or urban contexts which are differentiated, among other things, because of the dominant spatial conflicts in each case observed. Then it discusses the concept of urban order and proposes an interpretation line of those spatial conflicts that, at present, shape the metropolitan urban order. Finally, it describes and exemplifies the four urban contexts dynamic, considering the ways in which different modalities of urban space organization, uses of public a private spaces, and dominant space conflicts are combined.
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6

Jiang, Huaxiong, Stan Geertman, and Patrick Witte. "A Sociotechnical Framework for Smart Urban Governance." International Journal of E-Planning Research 9, no. 1 (January 2020): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijepr.2020010101.

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Анотація:
Over the past decade, the dominant entrepreneurial form of urban governance has seriously hindered the transformation of cities by neglecting the role of urban contexts in shaping governance structures and outcomes. To promote alternatives, this article presents a sociotechnical framework for smart urban governance. This framework explicitly examines the impacts of urban contexts on the sociotechnical interaction between urban technological innovation and urban governance in the realm of smart cities. Three real-world cases were used to demonstrate how the framework can be applied in different urban contexts. The results show that the alleged smartness in smart urban governance by no means implies the simple acceptance, adoption, and use of technology; instead, it needs to be conditionate. For successful smart urban governance, urban technological innovation should be effectively attuned to the wider urban actors and preexisting urban challenges (i.e., the urban governance process), with a special focus on the urban context.
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7

Nathan, Ronald A. "Urban ministry reconsidered: contexts and approaches." Black Theology 18, no. 1 (January 2, 2020): 106–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14769948.2020.1730028.

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8

Gallagher, Kathleen, and Jonothan Neelands. "Drama and theatre in urban contexts." Research in Drama Education: The Journal of Applied Theatre and Performance 16, no. 2 (May 2011): 151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13569783.2011.566986.

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Chapman, Christopher. "Schools in Urban and Challenging Contexts." School Leadership & Management 22, no. 3 (October 2002): 239–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1363243022000020372.

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Meza de Luna, María Elena, Lorena Erika Osorio Franco, and Amanda Hernández Pérez. "Percepción de adolescentes sobre las prácticas de crianza de sus padres y madres. Comparativo de género en contextos rural y urbano." Clivajes. Revista de Ciencias Sociales, no. 14 (April 3, 2021): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.25009/clivajes-rcs.v0i14.2672.

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Анотація:
Las relaciones en familia son fundamentales para la vida de las personas, en especial para las/los adolescentes en cuyo futuro tienen un fuerte impacto, de ahí la importancia de dimensionarlas, a fin de orientar el desarrollo de políticas públicas para la familia. En este artículo damos cuenta de una investigación cuyo objetivo fue evaluar y comparar la percepción de las/los adolescentes con respecto a las prácticas de crianza de sus madres/padres, en función del género de sus hijos/hijas y de su residencia en contextos rural o urbano. Se trata de una investigación cuantitativa y transversal, con representatividad municipal en San Juan del Río, Querétaro, donde se encontró un alto nivel de prácticas permisivas de madres/padres, además de que existe mayor riesgo para los hombres del área urbana, que para los de la rural, de experimentar lejanía emocional de sus padres. Se concluye que, aunque las/los adolescentes tienden a evaluar de manera similar la ejecución de las prácticas de crianza, aún refieren reminiscencias de trato diferenciado por género y contexto.Palabras clave: Prácticas de crianza, Adolescentes, Género, Contextos rural y urbano Perception of adolescents about the parenting practices of their fathers and mothers. Comparative gender analysis in rural and urban contextsSummaryFamily relationships are essential for people's lives, especially for adolescents in whose future they have a strong impact, hence the importance of dimensioning them, in order to guide the development of public policies for the family. In this article, an investigation whose objective was to evaluate and compare the perception of adolescents regarding the parenting practices of their mothers / fathers, based on the gender of their children and their residence in rural or urban contexts, was reported. It is a quantitative and cross-sectional investigation, with municipal representation in San Juan del Río, Querétaro, where a high level of permissive practices of mothers / fathers was found, in addition to the fact that there is a greater risk for men in the urban area, than for those of the rural area, to experience emotional distance from their parents. It is concluded that, although adolescents tend to evaluate the performance of parenting practices in a similar way, they still refer reminiscences of differentiated treatment by gender and context.Keywords: Parenting practices, Adolescents, Gender, Rural and urban contexts Perception d’adolescents sur les pratiques d’éducation de leurs pères et mères. Comparative de genre en contextes rural et urbainRésuméLes relations en famille sont fondamentales pour la vie des personnes, spécialement pour les adolescents sur qui elles ont un grand impact, voilà l’importance de les dimensionner à fin d’orienter le développement de politiques publiques pour la famille. Dans cet article nous rendons compte d’une recherche dont l’objectif a été celui d’évaluer et de comparer la perception des adolescents envers les pratiques d’éducation de leurs mères et pères en fonction du genre de leurs fils/filles et de leur résidence en contextes rural et urbain. Il s’agit d’une recherche quantitative et transversale avec représentativité municipale à San Juan del Río, Querétaro, où on a trouvé un grand niveau de pratiques permissives des mères/pères, en plus de l’existence d’un plus grand risque pour les hommes de l’are urbain que pour ceux de l’are rural d’expérimenter l’éloignement émotionnel de leurs parents. On conclue que même les adolescents ont une tendance à évaluer de manière similaire la mise en œuvre des pratiques d’éducation, ils font référence à des réminiscences d’un traitement différencié par genre et contexte.Mots clés : Pratiques d’éducation, Adolescents, Genre, Contextes rural et urbain
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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Urban Contexts"

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Nehl, Marthe. "Urban Curation - An explorative study on understandings, roles and functions of curating practices in urban contexts." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22356.

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Анотація:
Curating practices appear in various fields as a common practice of immaterial labour today. To ‘curate’ is an active verb that suggests ‘doing’ something. Seldom if ever are the implications of curating critically discussed outside the arts, and this provides a reason for this thesis to investigate. What does ‘to curate’ mean, imply or suggest in the urban context? How are urban curatorial practices legitimized and where can they contribute to urban planning? Embedded in contemporary urban challenges and the “state of crisis” often referred to, this paper introduces curating as an emerging cultural practice into this field. A vital part of the discussion this thesis opens up, is where art can become part of urban planning. Noting that the relationship between arts and urban environments is ambivalent, since the arts’ symbolic power is recognized within international competition of cities, it is about the margin between the field of arts and urban development. By laying a groundwork of contemporary curatorial understandings in the arts, the paper gives an overview on the existing notions and practices of ‘urban curation’ and highlights that there are strong positions but no existing definition as such. A look into urban planning theory pinpoints the crucial role of economic growth and its implications for the organization of urban developments under the term neoliberalism, a condition in which festivals replace urban development policies and culture becomes a structuring element. The occurrence of projects as organizational structure dominates and challenges long term developments. This constitutes the framework in which the paper discusses three very different project examples from Hamburg, Liverpool and Vienna for closer analysis. Between preservation and management, arranging and staging curating can alternatively be understood as an epistemology producing new knowledge. By cross-referencing between the arts, where the critical discussion on curating is held, and urban planning and architecture, where curatorial practice is applied, the paper suggests strengthening the critical discourse on the relevance and use of cultural practices in urban studies.
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2

McKay, Mary Ana. "Understanding Refugee Women’s Contexts in Urban Ohio: A Mixed-Methods Approach." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1587649882006415.

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BERNARDI, MONICA. "Sharing Cities. Governance Models and Collaborative Practices in the Urban Contexts." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/96087.

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Анотація:
The dissertation describes and investigates the collaborative practices and the governance model adopted by cities that choose the sharing and collaborative economy as frontier of experimentation to try to solve some of the main urban challenges in economic, environmental and social terms. The widespread dissemination of ICTs, among the other effects, is generating solutions more open, transparent and participatory, based on sharing and collaboration and voted to savings, money redistribution and socialization. More and more cities are wondering about the potential of the emerging new service models, reflecting on their organizational and cultural weight and on how to integrate them into existing regulatory frameworks without limit or stifle their development. The work starts from an in-depth analysis of the concept of sharing economy, given its innovative nature that makes difficult to find a clearly, established and shared definition. The research highlights its benefits, potentialities, weaknesses and limits trying to offer a better understanding of the phenomenon and an overview of its intrinsic features, what, who and how to share in the city. The second part is dedicated to the analysis of the city context that is better able to embrace this type of alternative economy. The focus is on the smart and slow nature of the so-called sharing cities, on its governance model and on the role of the public administrations, extensively discussed. The third part presents two cases of cities that in a well-shaped way are supporting sharing economy services and platforms and are promoting themselves as sharing cities: Milan in Italy and Seoul in South Korea. These cities adopted two different approaches: in Milan the reflection has emerged spontaneously from the bottom and has found in the public administration an attentive listener and a strong supporter; in Seoul the initial push came from the Mayor and his administration, that launched a wave of innovation that is generating a real ecosystem of sharing. Even if the city are different for culture, features and dimensions, the same rhetoric, labels, epistemic communities and strategies can be detected. The research was conducted adopting specific methodological tools: the analysis of the institutional and scientific materials and of other sources on the topic; the adoption of the participant observation’s approach in the study contexts; the administration of a questionnaire and the tool of the semi-structure interview to the key players of ‘Milan Sharing City’ and ‘Sharing City Seoul’. All these elements allowed retracing the origin of the process, its general framework, current outcomes and future possibilities. The dissertation aims to reconstruct the phenomenon in its constituent factors, given its recent insurgence, the momentum that is gaining and the lack of a mature scientific reflection on the topic. The ICTs penetration, the civil society engagement, the openness of the government, together with the emphasis on social innovation and the growing attention for the social economy, seem to be key ingredients to build a collaborative and sharing city. Local solutions adopted in the two cases study show the importance of the above ingredients and the absence of a “one-fit-all” solution. Instead, it is possible to build customized solutions, starting from the key ingredients, because the phenomenon allows to renegotiate with the local communities alternative governance practices more suitable for the context, and overcome established practices but less efficient.
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4

Mambwe, Kelvin. "Mobility, identity and localization of language in multilingual contexts of urban Lusaka." Thesis, University of Western Cape, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/3349.

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Анотація:
Philosophiae Doctor - PhD
This study explores Mobility, Identity and Localization of Language in Multilingual Contexts of Urban Lusaka. By examining data from different sites of language practices of Lusaka urbanites, that include, casual and formal conversations, Zambian popular music, computer mediated discourses and advertisements; the study shows how interlocutors creatively draw on their extended communicative repertoire to make meaning, transform social structures/roles and stylize modern identities. Accordingly, the study consolidates the recent sociolinguistic theoretical position that views language as social practice and privileges speakers as social actors in shaping and recreating language. In this regard, the study foregrounds language as localized social practice and argues against the idea that language is homogenous and a bounded system. In doing so, the study adds to recent sociolinguistic theorizing calling for a paradigm shift to language studies. Therefore, the main research question that the study addresses, relates to how Lusaka urban dwellers achieve their mediated agency, voice and actorhood through linguistic choices during interactions in various social contexts of modern Lusaka. In turn, the question relates to how urbanites use language as localized social practice to maintain, transform and reproduce social structures/roles and identities in modern Lusaka. Owing to the type of data the study collected, a multifaceted methodological and analytical approach was employed for both data collection and analysis. Informed by a descriptive research design, the study used focus group discussions and individual key-informant interviews to collect data from casual and formal conversations. Data from Zambian popular music were purposively sampled from Youtube.com and music CDs. In addition, group/individual interviews with musicians were conducted in order to supplement data collected from music CDs and video sources. Data from online discourses were collected from the Facebook platform and from two Zambian based online news blogs, while data from print advertisements were collected through the capturing of images on billboards around Lusaka city as well as advertisements from newspapers and internet sites. Television and radio advertisements were recorded from the Zambia National Broadcasting Corporation TV and radio channels. All the data collected from these sources were generally analyzed using Conversational Analysis, Facework Negotiation Theory, Multimodal Discourse Analysis and its cognate analytical tools such as Resemiotisation, Semiotic Remediation, Intertextuality, Multivocality and Dialogism. The study shows that message consumption is not a function of isolated semiotic resource but a combination of semiotic material drawn from semiotics that people are familiar with. The study thus argues that social meaning is steeped into social and cultural experiences of the speakers and that any study of language practices in such contexts should take into account the multifaceted nature of human communication. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that given the advancements in communication technology and mobility of semiotic resources across modes which have largely contributed to a reconceptualization of the nature of human language, any study of language in social contexts ought to account for other meaning making semiosis in both methodological and approaches to data collection and analysis, respectively. The study further shows how interactants in late modern settings of Lusaka stylize their multiple identities by dissolving the traditional linguistic boundaries through use of the extended linguistic repertoire. In this vein, the study demonstrates that social identity is a dynamic aspect of social life which is actively negotiated and performed through speakers' linguistic choices. In this respect, the study finds that speakers simultaneously stylize translocal hybrid identities which include urban versus rural, modern versus traditional, African versus Christian (Western fused) as well as gendered ones, through their use of different linguistic choices. Furthermore, the study finds that language borders and domains of language use are permeable. In this regard, the study demonstrates how Lusaka urban speakers use localized language forms to colonize the formal spaces thereby challenging the dominant ideologies about language as a fixed, impermeable and a bounded system. In the process of colonizing formal spaces using localized language forms, the study shows how speakers perform acts of humour, role play, face saving, identity and meaning enhancement. In turn these localized repertoires are drawn upon as resources to accomplish different tasks which would not be accomplished if only a 'single' language were to be used. In this regard, the study views language as a resource that transcends the role of meaning making. In addition, the study shows how, through the use of localized repertoires in formal spaces, speakers transform traditions and modernity into a hybrid space which identifies them as having multiple identities. This demonstrates that speakers in such modern settings use language as a resource to accomplish several things at once. It also highlights speakers’ agency in recreating language as well as transforming their social spaces. The findings of the study entail contributions to recent arguments on language that view it not as an autonomous system but rather as embedded in people’s social interactions. It demonstrates that languages have no clear-cut borders.The study also contributes to methodological and analytical approaches to the study of language in recent times. In addition, the study adds new knowledge to our understanding of identity as a performative act which is actively negotiated for as people interact in different social contexts. This implies that identity is not a fixed thing as traditionally conceived. Ultimately, the study calls for a rethinking of our conception of language and identity considering modernity practices.
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Orner, Kevin Daniel. "Removal and Recovery of Nutrients from Wastewater in Urban and Rural Contexts." Scholar Commons, 2019. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7880.

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Анотація:
Efforts to remove and recover nutrients from wastewater are motivated by the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and the National Academy of Engineering Grand Challenges of Engineering. Of the seventeen Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), multiple SDGs relate to managing nutrients in wastewater. SDG 6, which is to “ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all,” contains targets that aim to improve water quality by reducing pollution, halve the amount of untreated wastewater released to the environment, and increase recycling and safe reuse of wastewater (UN, 2017). SDG 2 seeks to improve food security and SDG 12 seeks to sustainably manage natural resources. Similarly, the National Academy of Engineering Grand Challenges of Engineering highlight managing the nitrogen cycle and providing access to clean water (NAE, 2019). Centralized wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have historically been designed to remove nutrients (such as nitrogen and phosphorus) and other contaminants prior to discharge. Modern wastewater treatment practices integrate recovery of resources including nutrients, energy, and water. The many available technologies, coupled with competing priorities, can complicate community decision-making on the choice of technology and the scale at which to implement the technology (i.e. building, community, or city), as well as determining how new upstream treatment may affect existing downstream treatment. Technologies that recover energy or manage nutrients such as anaerobic digestion, struvite precipitation, and microbial fuel cells can be implemented at a variety of scales in urban settings and may also be viable for influent types such as agricultural waste. Therefore, the overall goal of this dissertation is to contribute to the achievement of multiple sustainable development goals through the removal and recovery of nitrogen and phosphorus from a variety of influents at a variety of scales. One type of decision-making tool that assists in the choice of nutrient management technologies is a House of Quality. I developed a tool based on the House of Quality that integrated multiple priorities at three scales in a sewershed and produced rankings that generally align with current wastewater treatment practice. Accordingly, top-ranked city-scale technologies are those commonly employed (e.g. A2O, oxidation ditch) that use the dissolved organic carbon present in the wastewater to drive denitrification. Similarly, conventional treatment (e.g. flush toilet connected to a sewer) is ranked highest at the building scale because of its easy maintenance, small footprint, and inoffensive aesthetics. However, future trends such as technology development will likely affect the technologies, weightings, and scores and therefore improve the ranking of novel and emerging technologies. This trend may be amplified by the implementation of test beds, which can provide opportunities to improve the technical characteristics of developing technologies while minimizing risk for municipalities. The House of Quality planning tool was utilized in an in silico case study to analyze nutrient management technologies at three scales across the Northwest Regional Water Reclamation Facility sewershed in Hillsborough County, FL. The study demonstrated that employing treatment technologies upstream from the centralized wastewater treatment (i.e. building-scale source separation and community-scale technologies) could reduce nitrogen loading to the mainstream treatment train by over 50%. Sidestream treatment (i.e. the liquid effluent of anaerobic digestion that typically recycles back to the beginning of the mainstream treatment process) has minimal impact in nitrogen reduction, but is effective in reducing phosphorus loading to the mainstream due to high quantities of phosphorus recycling back to the head of the plant. These results can inform decision-makers about which context-specific nutrient management technologies to consider at a variety of scales, and illustrate that sidestream technologies can be the most effective in reducing phosphorus loading while building- and community-scale technologies can be most effective in reducing nitrogen loading to the centralized treatment plant. Struvite precipitation and microbial fuel cells (MFCs) can be used in combination to manage nutrients and recover energy in sidestreams of centralized WWTPs. Because the liquid effluent from engineered struvite precipitation often contains high concentrations of total nitrogen, I constructed and demonstrated a fixed-film nitrification reactor and a two-chambered MFC to further reduce total nitrogen and recover energy. The primary benefit of the MFC in the technology demonstrated here is not its ability to produce energy, but rather its ability to remove additional nitrogen through nitritation and denitritation. The sidestream nutrient removal prevents nutrients from returning to mainstream treatment, reducing operational costs. Such improvements to wastewater treatment processes can facilitate the transition to the resource recovery facility of the future by becoming a net-energy producer while also achieving the simultaneous benefits of nutrient recovery/removal and reduced costs associated with mainstream treatment. Nutrients and energy can also be recovered in agricultural settings. In this dissertation I studied an agricultural waste treatment system comprising a small-scale tubular anaerobic digester integrated with a low-cost, locally produced struvite precipitation reactor. This study investigated two digesters that treated swine waste in rural Costa Rica. I also facilitated construction of a pilot-scale struvite precipitation reactor that was built on site using local labor and local materials for approximately $920. Local products such as bittern (magnesium source) and soda ash (base) allowed for the production of struvite, a fertilizer that can replace synthetic fertilizer for rural farmers. Liquid-phase concentrations of PO43–-P and NH4+-N in agricultural wastewater increased by averages of 131% and 116%, respectively, due to release from the swine waste during anaerobic digestion. Despite this increase in liquid-phase concentrations, an average of 25% of total phosphorus and 4% of total nitrogen was removed from the influent swine manure through sedimentation in the digesters. During struvite precipitation, an average of 79% of PO43–-P and 12% of NH4+-N was removed from the waste stream and produced a solid with percentages (mass basis) of Mg, N, P of 9.9%, 2.4%, and 12.8%, respectively, indicating that struvite (MgNH4PO4) was likely formed. The treatment system offers multiple benefits to the local community: improved sanitation, removal of nutrients to prevent eutrophication, recovery of struvite as a fertilizer, and production of a final effluent stream that is suitable quality to be used in aquaculture. These are examples of how, more generally, quantifying nutrient recovery from agricultural waste and understanding recovery mechanisms can facilitate progress toward multiple sustainable development goals by improving sanitation, promoting sustainable management of wastes and natural resources, improving food security, and supporting local ecosystems. Managing nutrients from a variety of influent types at different scales can contribute to the achievement of multiple sustainable development goals. Worldwide trends of population growth and resource depletion highlight the need for models to easily allow decision-makers the ability to understand the fate of nutrients and implement infrastructure accordingly.
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Szymanski, Brian. "Defining and Achieving Sense of Place in New Developments in Existing Urban Contexts." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1307322834.

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Brits, Andre. "An Urban Sustainability Assessment Framework: Supporting Public Deliberation around Sustainability of Specific Contexts." Thesis, Griffith University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366961.

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More than 80% of Australians and over half of the world's population now live in cities. Cities are the engines for the sustainable development of Australia, and are of critical importance for the future of the nation. Because the social, economic, ecological and institutional development of a city are increasingly interwoven, city management has become a complex enterprise. Management of complex systems such as cities requires the use of innovative, sophisticated planning approaches that can assist in monitoring current conditions and projecting future developments. It also requires a well-structured participatory process of creating social support by stakeholders for long-term city visions. This study develops an urban sustainability assessment framework and explores its use with practitioners on a real-world case study in Logan City, Queensland. The framework includes four stages, namely scoping; envisioning; experimenting and assessment and includes the use of system condition indicators, dynamic agent-based modelling and multi-criteria assessment. Within Australia, this study is significant as the first attempt to implement the framework to a metropolitan sub-region at a neighbourhood level and one of the first attempts to adapt UrbanSim for Australian planning practice. The study engaged with the proposition that to support the planning of sustainable cities, we need to study cities as interconnected, complex living systems that require a different set of practices from that used to study cities as a collection of parts that behave in predictable ways based on universal laws. An evolving paradigm that aims to meet this challenge, and applied in this study, is the social ecological system (SES) paradigm. A SES is an ecological system that is linked with and affected by one or more social systems (Anderies, 2003). Because SES differ in nature, and operate at various scales in time and space, an integrated systems approach seems to make sense to analyse the complexity of the interrelated problems and developments that today’s cities face. One such approach is integrated sustainability assessment (ISA).
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith School of Environment
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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ZAMPATTI, DAVIDE. "GAUGING ETHNIC AND SOCIAL INEQUALITY IN URBAN CONTEXTS: THE CASE OF BRESCIA, ITALY." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/634805.

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This dissertation aims to improve our understanding of the link between migrant ethnicity, space and socio-economic inequality. In the last three decades, the migratory pressure in Europe has reached significant levels. The massive flux of different ethnic groups has created significant tensions in many countries, causing widespread political conflicts and is now eroding the credibility of traditional political institutions. Here, we focused on three main issues, i.e., the residential segregation of immigrants, the immigrant’s earnings at the neighbourhood level and the school choice of immigrant families. Our approach has been quantitative and has tried to combine and integrate certain social, economic and geographical factors. The core of our study has been a detailed analysis on a census-style database on the Italian city of Brescia, which permitted us to geolocalise households at a block level. The structure of the dissertation includes four main chapters followed by a conclusion chapter. First presents an extensive literature review that examined various socio-economic aspects of migrations. We first considered housing market discrimination, segregation theories, segregation measurement. Besides we introduced literature on labour market discrimination, social inequality and neighbourhood and network effects. Furthermore, we reviewed second generation problems, education inequality, social cohesion and assimilation theories. The second presents an empirical study on Brescia, one of the most relevant cities in Italy for the share of immigrants. While this context allowed us to reflect on complex forms of segregation in South Europe, we explored segregation in the city. We analysed segregation by aggregate ethnic groups to cover the whole city immigrant population. These aggregates are East Europeans, South Asians, Middle Easterns and North Africans, Sub Saharan Africans, Chinese, East and South East Asians and South Americans. Segregation is particularly strong for South Asians and Chinese communities. The third chapter examines neighbourhood effect on immigrants’ earnings. The chapter considers the economic and social nexus of segregation by estimating neighbourhood effects on immigrants’ earnings within an urban context. For doing this, we linked socio-economic and spatial-demographic characteristics of immigrants by following an “egohood” approach, which jointly considers socialisation and proximity effects. An egohood is an ego-centred circular neighbourhood of given dimension around individual residence. We found that immigrants in areas with high probability to meet co-ethnics had lower earnings; there was no effect for the probability to meet natives. The fourth examines ethnic differentials in school choices in primary school as a determinant of education inequality. Education inequality is crucial in countries receiving considerable levels of migrations. We hypothesised that households choose schools by homophily, i.e. they chose a school with a high percentage of co-ethnics. Furthermore, we hypothesised that and households prefer schools with a high share of high socio economics status-pupils while being constrained by geographical proximity. Households are sensitive to socio-economic status, ethnic composition and home-school distance. However, we also found that choices by second-generation immigrants, i.e., those who were born in Italy, had lower differences with natives, while born abroad children display different choices. The fifth presents conclusions, limitation and future developments of this dissertation. Finally, some chapters reproduce independent research articles. This implies that some repetitions are possible, especially when discussing previous research and presenting the study context.
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Blaauw, Christopher. "A comparison of grade 8 to10 urban and peri-urban learners context preferences for mathematical literacy." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2009. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_7530_1277075131.

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The study explored the comparison of grade 8 to 10 urban and peri-urban learners&rsquo
contexts preferences in mathematical literacy. There is currently a strong emphasis on the use of contexts for school mathematics. This has been also the case for South Africa when grade 10 learners have to make a choice between mathematics and mathematical literacy as one of their compulsory subjects for grade 10. This study focused more on the use of mathematics in real life situations. Data was collected by using questionnaires developed as part of the Relevance of School Mathematics Education (ROSME) project. The questionnaire dealt with contexts preferred by grade 10 learners from urban and peri-urban areas. The data were analysed using non-parametric statistical techniques. The findings radicate that there were contexts highly preferred by learners from both urban and peri-urban areas
least preferred by learners from both areas, highly preferred by learners from periurban areas but not by learners from urban areas and least preferred by learners from urban areas but not by those from peri-urban areas and vice versa. It is recommended that contexts highly preferred by learners should be incorporated in the learning experiences of learners.

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Bledsoe, David Allen. "A holistic tent ministry with American volunteers to assist new churches in urban contexts." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Access this title online, 2005. http://www.tren.com.

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Книги з теми "Urban Contexts"

1

Esters, Levon T., Amie Patchen, Isha DeCoito, and Neil Knobloch, eds. Research Approaches in Urban Agriculture and Community Contexts. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70030-0.

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DeCoito, Isha, Amie Patchen, Neil Knobloch, and Levon Esters, eds. Teaching and Learning in Urban Agricultural Community Contexts. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72888-5.

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S, Burns Thomas, Eadie John William, and Biennial Conference on Shifting Frontiers in Late Antiquity (3rd : 1999 : Emory University), eds. Urban centers and rural contexts in late antiquity. East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 2001.

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D, Pumfrey Peter, and Verma Gajendra K, eds. Race relations and urban education: Contexts and promising practices. London: Falmer Press, 1990.

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5

Michaela, Giebelhausen, ed. The architecture of the museum: Symbolic structures, urban contexts. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2003.

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Deutsch, Nancy L. Pride in the projects: Teens building identities in urban contexts. New York: New York University Press, 2008.

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7

Rik, Pinxten, and Dikomitis Lisa, eds. When God comes to town: Religious traditions in urban contexts. New York: Berghahn Books, 2009.

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Deutsch, Nancy L. Pride in the projects: Teens building identities in urban contexts. New York: New York University Press, 2008.

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9

Pride in the projects: Teens building identities in urban contexts. New York: New York University Press, 2008.

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10

H, De Neui Paul, ed. Communicating Christ in Asian cities: Urban issues in Buddhist contexts. Pasadena, Calif: William Carey Library, 2008.

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Частини книг з теми "Urban Contexts"

1

Debo, Thomas, A. Ruth Fitzgerald, Sigurd Grava, Richard S. Howe, C. Thomas Koch, James Meek, John G. Morris, Paolo F. Ricci, and Gene E. Willeke. "Planning Contexts." In Urban Planning Guide, 1–7. New York, NY: American Society of Civil Engineers, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780872625464.ch01.

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Prato, Giuliana B. "Changing Urban Landscape in Albania." In Diversity and Local Contexts, 17–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53952-2_2.

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Hurst, Ellen. "Rural/Urban Dichotomies and Youth Language." In Sociolinguistics in African Contexts, 209–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49611-5_12.

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Pitts, Wesley, Sharon Miller, and Annabel D’souza. "Teaching in Contexts and Complexites." In Transforming Urban Education, 245–62. Rotterdam: SensePublishers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6209-563-2_15.

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Morphet, Janice. "Planning and the New Urban Agenda." In Changing Contexts in Spatial Planning, 19–34. New York, NY : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351203111-2.

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6

Pregill, Philip. "Contexts and connections." In Urban Connections in the Contemporary Pedestrian Landscape, 3–25. New York : Routledge, 2020.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351129640-2.

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Knobloch, Neil. "An Introduction: Teaching and Learning in Urban Agricultural Community Contexts." In Urban Agriculture, 1–11. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72888-5_1.

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Wargelin, Lauren, and McKenzie Mallen. "Improving Self-Esteem and Reducing Female Relational Aggression in Urban Classrooms." In Consultation Across Cultural Contexts, 91–108. New York : Routledge, 2016.: Routledge, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315757049-8.

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Esters, Levon T. "An Introduction of Research Approaches in Urban Agricultural and Community Contexts." In Urban Agriculture, 1–4. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70030-0_1.

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Jones, Zoë Marie. "Italian Futurism, Socialism, Urban Change, and Impressionism." In Mapping Impressionist Painting in Transnational Contexts, 204–14. New York: Routledge, 2021.: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003044239-15.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Urban Contexts"

1

Eckler, James, and Kate O'Connor. "Urban Disruption: Architecture Pedagogy for Transformative Buildings in Urban Contexts." In Annual International Conference on Architecture and Civil Engineering (ACE 2016). Global Science & Technology Forum ( GSTF ), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5176/2301-394x_ace16.130.

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Privitera, Riccardo, and Daniele La Rosa. "URBAN REGENERATION PROGRAMS FOR SUSTAINABLE PLANNING IN HIGHLY VULNERABLE URBAN CONTEXTS." In International Scientific Conference GEOBALCANICA. Geobalcanica Society, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18509/gbp.2016.34.

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Leite, João Silva. "As ruas emergentes: um estudo comparativo da parcela em formações lineares no contexto metropolitano de Lisboa." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Barcelona: Instituto de Arte Americano. Universidad de Buenos Aires, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.5886.

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Em certos contextos urbanos, onde o tecido se fragmentou e as relações de contiguidade entre traçados foram quebradas, as infraestruturas de mobilidade têm assumido um papel determinante na agregação e inter-relação de tecidos. A infraestrutura, maioritariamente rodoviária, incorporou deste modo competências que não possuía na sua génese conceptual. Assim, para além da qualidade de eixo de ligação, diversas infraestruturas de mobilidade assumem a qualidade de eixo de suporte de tecido. Estes elementos urbanos adquirem configurações emergentes, levando a uma meditação sobre o conceito tradicional de rua. Deste modo, o artigo explora concretamente a morfologia urbana do parcelário marginal a estes elementos urbanos, compreendo a sua relação com o eixo infraestrutural, configurações e processo morfogenético. Esta particular abordagem morfológica insere-se nos trabalhos de um doutoramento em curso, com o tema “As Ruas Emergentes. Interpretação morfológica de um novo elemento urbano”, que estuda as tipo-morfologias emergentes de conjunto de elementos urbanos lineares localizados em contextos metropolitanos. Procura-se recentrar o pensamento sobre estes elementos urbanos estruturadores, assim como, o papel da Rua e suas novas configurações nos processos de desenvolvimento urbano contemporâneo. In some urban contexts, where fabric is fragmented and relations of contiguity between urban layouts were broken, mobility infrastructures have played a role in the aggregation and inter-relationship of fabrics. The infrastructure, mainly roads, thereby incorporated skills it didn’t possess in its conceptual genesis. Thus, besides the quality of connection axis, various mobility infrastructures assumed the function of fabric support axis. These urban elements acquire emerging configurations, leading to a meditation on the traditional concept street. Thus, the article specifically explores the urban morphology of these urban elements surrounding plots, understanding their relationship with the infrastructural axis, configurations and morphogenetic process. This particular morphological approach fits into the work of a PhD in progress, with the theme "The Emerging Streets. Morphological interpretation of a new urban element", which studies the emerging type-morphologies of a set of linear elements located in urban metropolitan contexts. Looking to refocus thinking of these structuring urban elements, as well as the role of the Street and their new configurations in contemporary urban development processes.
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Galán-Páez, Juan, Joaquín Borrego-Díaz, and Jaime de Miguel-Rodríguez. "Extracting emergent knowledge about the socioeconomic urban contexts." In the 2015 ACM International Joint Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2800835.2801639.

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Kucherbaev, Pavel, Achilleas Psyllidis, and Alessandro Bozzon. "Chatbots as conversational recommender systems in urban contexts." In CitRec: International Workshop on Recommender Systems for Citizens. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3127325.3127331.

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Bach, Cédric, Regina Bernhaupt, Caio Stein D'Agostini, and Marco Winckler. "Mobile applications for incident reporting systems in urban contexts." In ECCE '13: European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics 2013. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2501907.2501960.

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Das, Nirupam, and Surabhi Mehrotra. "Wetlands in Urban Contexts: A Case of Bhoj Wetland." In IGARSS 2021 - 2021 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss47720.2021.9554693.

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Wang, Jeonghyeon, and Jinwhan Kim. "Semantic segmentation of urban scenes with enhanced spatial contexts." In 2016 13th International Conference on Ubiquitous Robots and Ambient Intelligence (URAI). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/urai.2016.7625752.

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Ko, Hoon, Goreti Marreiros, Kyung-jin An, Zita Vale, Tai-hoon Kim, and Jong-Myoung Choi. "Contexts-Management Strategy in Considering the Security in Urban Computing Based on Urban Design." In 2011 Fifth International Conference on Innovative Mobile and Internet Services in Ubiquitous Computing (IMIS). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/imis.2011.56.

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Fedorova, Kapitolina. "Between Global and Local Contexts: The Seoul Linguistic Landscape." In GLOCAL Conference on Asian Linguistic Anthropology 2020. The GLOCAL Unit, SOAS University of London, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47298/cala2020.5-1.

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Multilingualism in urban spaces is mainly studied as an oral practice. Nevertheless, linguistic landscape studies can serve as a good explorative method for studying multilingualism in written practices. Moreover, resent research on linguistic landscapes (Blommaert 2013; Shohamy et. al. 2010; Backhaus 2006) have shed some light on the power relations between different ethnic groups in urban public space. Multilingual practices exist in a certain ideological context, and not only official language policy but speaker linguistic stereotypes and attitudes can influence and modify those practices. Historically, South Korea tended to be oriented towards monolingualism; one nation-one people-one language ideology was domineering public discourse. However, globalization and recent increase in migration resulted in gradual changes in attitudes towards multilingualism (Lo and Kim 2012). The linguistic landscapes of Seoul, on the one hand, reflect these changes, and However, they demonstrates pragmatic inequality of languages other than South Korean in public use. This inequality, though, is represented differently in certain spatial urban contexts. The proposed paper aims at analyzing data on linguistic landscapes of Seoul, South Korea ,with the focus on different contexts of language use and different sets of norms and ideological constructs underlying particular linguistic choices. In my presentation I will examine data from three urban contexts: ‘general’ (typical for most public spaces); ‘foreign-oriented’ (seen in tourist oriented locations such as airport, expensive hotels, or popular historical sites, which dominates the Itaewon district); and ‘ethnic-oriented’ (specific for spaces created by and for ethnic minority groups, such as Mongolian / Central Asian / Russian districts near the Dongdaemun History and Culture Park station). I will show that foreign languages used in public written communication are embedded into different frameworks in these three urban contexts, and that the patterns of their use vary from pragmatically oriented ones to predominately symbolic ones, with English functioning as a substitution for other foreign languages, as an emblem of ‘foreignness.’
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Звіти організацій з теми "Urban Contexts"

1

Haider, Huma. Area-based Programming in Fragile- and Conflict-affected Contexts. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.011.

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Area-based programming (ABP) is an approach that defines an area as the primary entry point, rather than a sector or target group. It is particularly appropriate in areas with complex, inter-related and multi-sectoral needs (USWG, 2019). Evaluations of ABP suggest that such an approach can be effective in responding to complex conflict characteristics on sub-national levels (UNDP, 2018). Despite growing interest in ABP, evidence is still greater for sectoral or issue-based approaches.The adoption of area-based approaches in cross-border rural areas of the Western Balkans are some of the earliest of such interventions discussed and evaluated. There has in recent years been an increase in discussion and case studies of the application of ABP in urban settings. This rapid literature review looks at area-based approaches in rural and urban settings, focusing on Afghanistan, along with a brief look at examples from Syria, Lebanon, Mauritania, and the Western Balkans. It draws out collective strengths, factors of success, and weaknesses and challenges from these country and regional programmes. It concludes with a list of lessons and recommendations.
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Gopalan, Sundararajan Srinivasa, Rajesh Bhatia, Sonalini Khetrapal, and Sungsup Ra. Addressing Nutrition Security in Urban India through Multisectoral Action. Asian Development Bank, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps220057-2.

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It describes malnutrition’s impact on health and nonhealth sectors, identifies key determinants, and offers specific solutions according to the local contexts in various urban areas. The recommendations go beyond examining the health sector and take into account water supply, sanitation, sociocultural factors, food supply, and other issues affecting urban nutrition in India.
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Currans, Kristina. Improving Vehicle Trip Generation Estimations for Urban Contexts: A Method Using Household Travel Surveys to Adjust ITE Trip Generation Rates. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.987.

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Kasper, Eric. Urban Neighbourhood Dynamics and the Worst Forms of Child Labour. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/clarissa.2021.007.

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While the worst forms of child labour (WFCL) is not only an urban phenomenon, evidence suggests that WFCL emerges in cities in unique ways due to the complex structures and dynamics of urban systems. This report, therefore, develops a conceptual framework for WFCL in cities that integrates key understandings of urban systems and evidence about urban WFCL. This report reviews current literature on the complex systemic nature of cities – drawing on literature on the urban land nexus, urban complexity, informality, and inclusive urbanisation. It also reviews studies of child labour (focusing on the worst forms, where possible) in urban contexts. In this way, the report offers an innovative way of understanding the challenge of WFCL, and outlines the premises of a research agenda for responding to WFCL in cities. These contributions are made with the specific cities and neighbourhoods in mind where the CLARISSA programme is being implemented; however, they should be useful more generally.
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Lenhardt, Amanda. The Social Economic Impacts of Covid-19 in Informal Urban Settlements. Institute of Development Studies, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/cc.2021.008.

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The social economic impacts of the Covid-19 crisis in informal urban settlements are widely discussed in the literature, as are the risk factors for particular social and economic groups in these areas. However, government responses and evidence of their impact do not appear to rise to the challenges posed by these studies. Pre-pandemic analyses of risk factors in informal urban settlements and newly collected evidence from different contexts are available to understand the unique and pressing challenges that the pandemic poses to wellbeing in informal urban settlements. In contrast, there is little evidence of effective policy and programme solutions to address these challenges, which is likely driven by the absence of targeted policies and programmes to support people living in informal urban settlements. As a result, many communities have had to rely on their own limited resources and support networks to respond to the crisis (Wilkinson, 2021). This report briefly summarises the range of available evidence on the social economic impacts of the Covid-19 crisis in informal urban settlements and the intersectional differences in how different identity groups living in them have experienced the pandemic. Following a short introduction to the context of the Covid-19 crisis in these areas, the report outlines three thematic areas that have received significant attention in the literature and policy discourses – livelihoods and poverty, food security, and education. While not an exhaustive list, this range of topics is indicative of the range of evidence available and outstanding gaps. The remaining section details evidence of how different identity groups living in informal urban settlements have experienced the pandemic based on gender, disability, age, and migration status. The review draws on a mixture of academic and grey literature, with some opinion pieces and blogs also included given the ongoing nature of the pandemic.
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Armas, Elvira, Gisela O'Brien, Magaly Lavadenz, and Eric Strauss. Rigorous and Meaningful Science for English Learners: Urban Ecology and Transdisciplinary Instruction. CEEL, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15365/ceel.article.2020.1.

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This article describes efforts undertaken by two centers at Loyola Marymount University—the Center for Equity for English Learners (CEEL) and the Center for Urban Resilience (CURes)—in collaboration with five southern California school districts to develop and implement the Urban Ecology for English Learners Project. This project aligns with the 2018 NASEM report call to action to (1) create contexts for systems- and classroom-level supports that recognizes assets that English Learners contribute to the classroom and, and (2) increase rigorous science instruction for English Learners through the provision of targeted program models, curriculum, and instruction. The article presents project highlights, professional learning approaches, elements of the interdisciplinary, standards-based Urban Ecology curricular modules, and project evaluation results about ELs’ outcomes and teachers’ knowledge and skills in delivering high-quality STEM education for ELs. The authors list various implications for teacher professional development on interdisciplinary instruction including university partnerships.
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Bedoya-Maya, Felipe, Agustina Calatayud, and Vileydy Gonzalez-Mejia. Estimating the effect of urban road congestion on air quality in Latin America. Inter-American Development Bank, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004512.

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Road congestion and air pollution are key challenges for quality of life in urban settings. This research leverages highly disaggregated crowdsourced data from Latin America to study the effect of road congestion on levels of carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, and particulate matter in four of the most congested cities in developing countries: Bogota, Buenos Aires, Mexico City, and Santiago. Based on a panel data econometric approach with over 4.4 billion records from Waze and hourly data from 54 air monitoring stations for 2019, our two-stage least square model shows a cumulative increase of 0.6% in response to a 1% of road congestion on the three air pollutants. Moreover, we find a nonlinear relationship between road congestion and air quality and estimate the threshold above which the effect decays. This study provides evidence that supports public policies designed to make urban mobility more sustainable by implementing measures to reduce road congestion in developing contexts.
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Vallerani, Sara, Elizabeth Storer, and Costanza Torre. Key Considerations: Equitable Engagement to Promote COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake among Undocumented Urban Migrants. SSHAP, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2022.013.

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This brief sets out key considerations linked to the promotion of COVID-19 vaccine uptake among undocumented migrants residing in Rome, Italy. We focus on strategies to equitably distribute COVID-19 vaccines. Evidence from Italy is applicable to other contexts where vaccine administration is tied to “vaccine passports” or “immunity passes”. Undocumented migrants have been considered as some of the “hardest to reach” groups to engage in COVID-19 vaccination outreach. This brief uses the term undocumented migrant or migrant for brevity, but we refer to people living without formal Italian citizenship, refugee status or right to remain in Italy. This brief explores the everyday context of undocumented migrants lives, and how experiences of the COVID-19 pandemic have exacerbated difficult conditions. It links emerging vulnerabilities to perceptions of vaccines, and we suggest that migrants orientate themselves towards the vaccines within frameworks which prioritise economic survival. In many cases, migrants have accepted a COVID-19 vaccine to access paid employment, yet this has often generated mistrust in the state and healthcare system. Accordingly, this brief considers how vaccines can be distributed equitably to boost trust and inclusion in the post-pandemic world. This brief draws primarily on the ethnographic evidence collected through interviews and observations with undocumented migrants in Rome, along with civil society representatives and health workers between December 2021 and January 2022. This brief was developed for SSHAP by Sara Vallerani (Rome Tre University), Elizabeth Storer (LSE) and Costanza Torre (LSE). It was reviewed by Santiago Ripoll (IDS, University of Sussex), with further reviews by Paolo Ruspini (Roma Tre University) and Eloisa Franchi (Université Paris Saclay, Pavia University). The research was funded through the British Academy COVID-19 Recovery: G7 Fund (COVG7210058). Research was based at the Firoz Lalji Institute for Africa, London School of Economics. The brief is the responsibility of SSHAP.
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Gupte, Jaideep, Sarath MG Babu, Debjani Ghosh, Eric Kasper, and Priyanka Mehra. Smart Cities and COVID-19: Implications for Data Ecosystems from Lessons Learned in India. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2021.034.

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This brief distils best data practice recommendations through consideration of key issues involved in the use of technology for surveillance, fact-checking and coordinated control during crisis or emergency response in resource constrained urban contexts. We draw lessons from how data enabled technologies were used in urban COVID-19 response, as well as how standard implementation procedures were affected by the pandemic. Disease control is a long-standing consideration in building smart city architecture, while humanitarian actions are increasingly digitised. However, there are competing city visions being employed in COVID-19 response. This is symptomatic of a broader range of tech-based responses in other humanitarian contexts. These visions range from aspirations for technology driven, centralised and surveillance oriented urban regimes, to ‘frugal innovations’ by firms, consumers and city governments. Data ecosystems are not immune from gendered- and socio-political discrimination, and technology-based interventions can worsen existing inequalities, particularly in emergencies. Technology driven public health (PH) interventions thus raise concerns about 1) what types of technologies are appropriate, 2) whether they produce inclusive outcomes for economically and socially disadvantaged urban residents and 3) the balance between surveillance and control on one hand, and privacy and citizen autonomy on the other.
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Gupte, Jaideep, Sarath MG Babu, Debjani Ghosh, Eric Kasper, Priyanka Mehra, and Asif Raza. Smart Cities and COVID-19: Implications for Data Ecosystems from Lessons Learned in India. Institute of Development Studies, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2022.004.

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Анотація:
This brief distils best data practice recommendations through consideration of key issues involved in the use of technology for surveillance, fact-checking and coordinated control during crisis or emergency response in resource constrained urban contexts. We draw lessons from how data enabled technologies were used in urban COVID-19 response, as well as how standard implementation procedures were affected by the pandemic. Disease control is a long-standing consideration in building smart city architecture, while humanitarian actions are increasingly digitised. However, there are competing city visions being employed in COVID-19 response. This is symptomatic of a broader range of tech-based responses in other humanitarian contexts. These visions range from aspirations for technology driven, centralised and surveillance oriented urban regimes, to ‘frugal innovations’ by firms, consumers and city governments. Data ecosystems are not immune from gendered- and socio-political discrimination, and technology-based interventions can worsen existing inequalities, particularly in emergencies. Technology driven public health (PH) interventions thus raise concerns about 1) what types of technologies are appropriate, 2) whether they produce inclusive outcomes for economically and socially disadvantaged urban residents and 3) the balance between surveillance and control on one hand, and privacy and citizen autonomy on the other.
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