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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Unpaid claims"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 20 квітня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Unpaid claims"

SFIKAS, PETER M. "Stress, strain and unpaid claims." Journal of the American Dental Association 135, no. 7 (July 2004): 1031–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.2004.0344.

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Meng, Shengwang, and Guangyuan Gao. "COMPOUND POISSON CLAIMS RESERVING MODELS: EXTENSIONS AND INFERENCE." ASTIN Bulletin 48, no. 3 (May 11, 2018): 1137–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/asb.2018.12.

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AbstractWe consider compound Poisson claims reserving models applied to the paid claims and to the number of payments run-off triangles. We extend the standard Poisson-gamma assumption to account for over-dispersion in the payment counts and to account for various mean and variance structures in the individual payments. Two generalized linear models are applied consecutively to predict the unpaid claims. A bootstrap is used to estimate the mean squared error of prediction and to simulate the predictive distribution of the unpaid claims. We show that the extended compound Poisson models make reasonable predictions of the unpaid claims.

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Polontoh, Herry. "Legal Responsibility of the Insurance Company for Unpaid Participant Claims." Journal of World Science 3, no. 1 (January 31, 2024): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.58344/jws.v3i1.541.

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Insurance is a financial institution that has a vital role in the economy. Insurance protects the public from various risks, such as accidents, illness, and death. The insurance company must pay claims to insurance participants who experience losses in an insurance agreement. However, in practice, claims are often rejected by insurance companies. The purpose of this research is to analyze the legal responsibility of insurance companies for unpaid participant claims. This research uses normative legal research methods. Research data was obtained through a literature study. Research data was analyzed qualitatively using descriptive analysis methods. The research results show that insurance companies that reject insurance participants' claims can be subject to civil and criminal legal responsibility. If the participant's claim is not paid, the participant can file for bankruptcy through court. The regulations that provide the legal umbrella for protecting insurance participants consist of Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection, Law Number 40 of 2014 concerning Insurance, Decree of the Minister of Finance No. 422/KMK.06/2003 concerning the Implementation of Insurance Business and Reinsurance Companies, and Financial Services Authority Regulation Number 23/POJK.05/2015 concerning Insurance Products and Marketing of Insurance Products. Legal protection for insurance policyholders as consumers are regulated in the Insurance Law and the Consumer Protection Law.

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Brysiewicz, Krzysztof. "Recovery of unpaid funding by beneficiaries of EU funds." Eastern European Journal of Transnational Relations 7, no. 1 (2023): 5–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/eejtr.2023.07.01.01.

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The purpose of the article is to analyze the issue of pursuing claims for payment by beneficiaries of EU funds. The author analyzed the jurisprudence of Polish courts in cases concerning EU funds, as well as literature devoted to these issues. Based on the article, the issue of legal bases of beneficiaries' claims related to the refusal to pay EU funds on the basis of co-financing agreements is analyzed. Attention was drawn to the important role of compensation and payment proceedings as legal instruments enabling the fulfilment of the Member State's tasks in the prevention of irregularities. The issue of the possibility of treating unpaid funding as damage in the sense of lost profits was also analyzed. The article discusses the grounds of causation between the improper operation of the institution refusing to pay the subsidy and the damage suffered by the beneficiaries. Beneficiaries on the basis of a co-financing agreement may pursue both claims for payment, i.e. for performance of the service, as well as claims for damages. Claims for damages require proof of damage and a causal link between the unlawful act of the institution and the damage. Damage may also be an amount equivalent to the value of the grant that the beneficiary would have obtained if it had not been for the improper performance of the contract by the institution.

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Lopez, Olivier, Xavier Milhaud, and Pierre-E. Thérond. "A TREE-BASED ALGORITHM ADAPTED TO MICROLEVEL RESERVING AND LONG DEVELOPMENT CLAIMS." ASTIN Bulletin 49, no. 03 (May 7, 2019): 741–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/asb.2019.12.

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AbstractIn non-life insurance, business sustainability requires accurate and robust predictions of reserves related to unpaid claims. To this aim, two different approaches have historically been developed: aggregated loss triangles and individual claim reserving. The former has reached operational great success in the past decades, whereas the use of the latter still remains limited. Through two illustrative examples and introducing an appropriate tree-based algorithm, we show that individual claim reserving can be really promising, especially in the context of long-term risks.

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Lambert, Stephanie. "Toxic Waste and Unpaid Labor." Twentieth-Century Literature 67, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 109–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/0041462x-9084302.

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“Everyday things represent the most overlooked forms of knowledge,” claims Father Paulus, the Jesuit priest in Don DeLillo’s novel Underworld (1997). What tends to go overlooked in DeLillo’s work, this article proposes, is the socio-ecological violence of the capitalist world-system that undergirds this “everyday.” Turning to DeLillo’s depiction of the Cold War kitchen in Underworld (1997) and consumerist detritus in White Noise (1985), this article reveals how the novels foreground the exploited labor and land required to sustain accumulation and the toxic consequences of the US cycle. To do so, it brings into dialogue critiques of everyday life; the Warwick Research Collective’s definition of “world-literature” as “the literary registration of . . . combined and uneven development”; Jason W. Moore’s world-ecological analysis with Marx’s theory of value; and Silvia Federici, Maria Mies, and Nancy Fraser’s Marxist-feminist analyses of domestic labor.

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Swayne, Lawrence C., Alan Fask, Helen D. Stelletell, John D. Fanburg, Lynn Griffin, and Jonathan H. Sunshine. "Unpaid Radiology Claims in New Jersey: Incidence and Financial Implications." American Journal of Roentgenology 183, no. 1 (July 2004): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2214/ajr.183.1.1830003.

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Canady, Valerie A. "Arizona providers plagued with unpaid claims, layoffs after BH transition." Mental Health Weekly 29, no. 5 (February 4, 2019): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mhw.31759.

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Kelly, Carly. "Healthcare Reimbursement: HMO Arbitration Clause Enforced." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 31, no. 4 (2003): 731–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2003.tb00142.x.

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In Pacificare Health Systems, Inc. v. Jefrey Book, the US. Supreme Court ruled that the mandatory arbitration clause in an HMO contract should be enforced to compel a physician to arbitrate his RICO charges against the health plan, even though the clause could be construed to limit the arbitrator’s authority to award full damages under the RICO statute. The ruling could prevent physicians with health plan arbitration agreements from taking future reimbursement claims against insurance companies directly to court, even when the allegations involve a potential statutory breach outside of the explicit scope of the provider contract.Dr. Book’s arbitration claim was part of a larger class action lawsuit filed in August of 2000 by a group of physicians and patients seeking reimbursement from eight managed care companies for unpaid health insurance claims.

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Waters, Teresa M., David M. Studdert, Troyen A. Brennan, Eric J. Thomas, Orit Almagor, Martha Mancewicz, and Peter P. Budetti. "Impact of the National Practitioner Data Bank on Resolution of Malpractice Claims." INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing 40, no. 3 (August 2003): 283–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5034/inquiryjrnl_40.3.283.

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Policymakers and commentators are concerned that the National Practitioner Data Bank (NPDB) has influenced malpractice litigation dynamics. This study examines whether the introduction of the NPDB changed the outcomes, process, and equity of malpractice litigation. Using pre- and post-NPDB analyses, we examine rates of unpaid claims, trials, resolution time, physician defense costs, and payments on claims with a low/high probability of negligence. We find that physicians and their insurers have been less likely to settle claims since introduction of the NPDB, especially for payments less than $50,000. Because this disruption appears to have decreased the proportion of questionable claims receiving compensation, the NPDB actually may have increased overall tort system specificity.

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Дисертації з теми "Unpaid claims"

Swenson, Haley S. "Reproducing Inequality: Cooking, Cleaning, and Caring in the Austerity Age." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1468929824.

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Lavialle-Defaix, Céline. "Caractérisation des propriétés électrophysiologiques des canaux sodium dépendants du potentiel des Dorsal Unpaired Median neurones de la blatte Periplaneta americana : Influence des mécanismes de régulation intracellulaires dans l'efficacité d'un insecticide de la famille des oxadiazines." Angers, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ANGE0019.

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Les canaux sodium dépendants du potentiel des insectes sont non seulement un élément clé de l'excitabilité neuronale mais aussi la cible de molécules à effet insecticide. Par l'utilisation des techniques d'électrophysiologie (patch-clamp) et d'immunocytochimie, nous avons identifié deux populations de canaux sodium dépendants du potentiel sur les DUM neurones isolés du dernier ganglion abdominal de la blatte Periplaneta americana. Ces deux sous-populations nommées Na1 et Na2 diffèrent par 1) leurs propriétés biophysiques (activation, inactivation et réactivation), 2) leurs fonctions physiologiques dans l'activité électrique spontanée, 3) leurs systèmes de régulation intracellulaires et 4) leurs sensibilités différentes au L-glutamate via l'activation d'un récepteur glutamatergique métabotrope, apparenté au groupe III des vertébrés. Nous avons montré, par l'utilisation d'anticorps anti-AMPc, que le L-glutamate induit une réduction de INa1 via l'augmentation de la concentration en AMPc. Ceci conduit à l'activation de deux types de PKA, l'une cytosolique et l'autre ancrée à une protéine d'ancrage nommée AKAP. La participation de deux protéines G (Gi/o et Gs) ainsi que la voie cGMP/PKG dans ce système de régulation est fortement suspectée. Par contre, la modulation de la sous-population Na2 est dépendante du calcium intracellulaire et implique des actions convergentes mais opposées d'une calcium-calmoduline kinase de type II (CaMKII) et d'une protéine phosphatase de type 2B. D'un point de vue appliqué, les résultats présentés dans la deuxième partie de ce travail montrent une différence de sensibilité des deux courants sodium au DCJW (composant actif de l'Indoxacarbe) due aux mécanismes de régulation intracellulaires. Ainsi, l'augmentation de la concentration en calcium intracellulaire ([Ca2+]) est capable de potentialiser l'effet du DCJW via l'activation de la CaMKII. Parallèlement, les expériences réalisées en présence de chloramine-T, connue pour bloquer l'inactivation des courants sodium, ont montré que l'effet du DCJW était aboli. Ceci indique que l'activation de la CaMKII par une élévation de la [Ca2+] affecte les propriétés d'inactivation de INa2, modulant l'effet du DCJW
Insect voltage-dependent sodium channels are important site of action for neuroactive insecticides. Using electrophysiological patch-clamp technique and immunocytochemistry, we have demonstrated that two distinct native voltage-dependent sodium channels are expressed in short-term cultured DUM neurone cells bodies isolated from the cockroach Periplaneta americana terminal abdominal ganglion. These two populations named Na1 and Na2, differ each other on the basis of their 1) biophysical properties (activation, inactivation and recovery from inactivation properties), 2) physiological functions in the pacemaker activity, 3) intracellular signalling pathways and 4) sensitivity to L-glutamate through activation of a metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR), sharing pharmacological properties with the group III of vertebrate mGluR. Using cAMP antibodies we have shown that L-glutamate-induced reduction of INa1 occurs via an increase in intracellular cAMP level. This thereby activates two kinds of PKA including a cytosolic isoform and a PKA anchored to an A-kinase anchoring protein. The involvement of both Go/Gi and Gs proteins together with the PKG pathway in this regulatory system are strongly suspected. By contrast, the modulation of INa2 is mediated by intracellular calcium pathway that involves both calcium-CaM-dependent protein phosphatase 2B and protein kinase II (CaMKII). In addition, we have also reported that activation of these two signalling pathways may differentially affect the effect of the active component of Indoxacarb, DCJW on both INa1 and INa2, the latest being less sensitive to DCJW compared to INa1. Interestingly, increasing intracellular calcium concentration is able to increase the potency of DCJW on INa2 via activation of CaMKII. Experiments performed in parallel with chloramin T, known to remove inactivation of the sodium current, have shown that DCJW does not produce any effect on INa2. This indicates that CaMKII activated by elevation of intracellular calcium concentration affects INa2 inactivation properties, which thereby modulates the effect of DCJW

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Книги з теми "Unpaid claims"

Gerst, Eric D. Vulture culture: Dirty deals, unpaid claims, and the coming collapse of the insurance industry. New York: American Management Association, 2008.

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W, Livingstone D. Lifelong learning in paid and unpaid work: Survey and case study findings. New York: Routledge, 2010.

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Canada, Statistics. Dimensions series: Labour force and unpaid work of Canadians. Ottawa: Statistics Canada, 1998.

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W, Livingstone D., ed. Lifelong learning in paid and unpaid work: Survey and case study findings. New York: Routledge, 2010.

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United States. General Accounting Office., ed. Comments On Survivor's Claim For Deceased USDA Employee's Unpaid Compensation... 155253, B-233183.3... U.S. GAO... September 14, 1995. [S.l: s.n., 1997.

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Vulture Culture: Dirty Deals, Unpaid Claims, and the Coming Collapse of the Insurance Industry. AMACOM/American Management Association, 2008.

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W, Livingstone D. Lifelong Learning in Paid and Unpaid Work: Survey and Case Study Findings. Taylor & Francis Group, 2015.

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W, Livingstone D. Lifelong Learning in Paid and Unpaid Work: Survey and Case Study Findings. Taylor & Francis Group, 2010.

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Lifelong Learning in Paid and Unpaid Work: Survey and Case Study Findings. Routledge, 2010.

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W, Livingstone D. Lifelong Learning in Paid and Unpaid Work: Survey and Case Study Findings. Taylor & Francis Group, 2015.

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Частини книг з теми "Unpaid claims"

Mansfield, Gavin, and Lydia Banerjee. "Contractual Employment Issues in High Court and County Court." In Blackstone's Employment Law Practice 2023, 511–18. Oxford University PressOxford, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192887788.003.0031.

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Abstract This chapter discusses contractual employment issues in the high court and county court. It cites how contracts form the employment relationship basis and claims may emerge out of the contractual relationships. While employees may bring claims for unpaid remuneration under their contracts of employment, employers may bring claims based upon the express and implied duties of the contract of employment. The chapter explains the actions based on the contract of employment before the civil courts falling under the categories of employee claims concerning breach of terms, employment relationship, and post-termination restrictions. It clarifies how the employee may be subject to post-termination restraints with respect to confidential information extending beyond an employer’s trade secrets.

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Clarke, MA, RJA Hooley, RJC Munday, LS Sealy, AM Tettenborn, and PG Turner. "13. Remedies of the seller." In Commercial Law. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780199692088.003.0013.

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This chapter focuses on the remedies of the seller in a sale of goods transaction. The remedies of the seller in a sale of goods transaction take, with one exception, two forms: money claims against the buyer, either for the price or for damages for breach of contract, and claims against the goods or their proceeds in order to provide security. There is one other species of claim of minor importance, namely a claim for specific performance. This chapter first considers the seller's right to sue the buyer for the price and for damages for non-acceptance under the Sale of Goods Act 1979 before discussing the jurisdiction of the court to order specific performance. It also examines three remedies available to an unpaid seller against the goods: lien, stoppage in transit, and resale. Finally, it analyses the retention of title clause in a contract of sale.

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Haque, Tania. "Women-Friendly Working Environment in Bangladesh." In Handbook of Research on Women's Issues and Rights in the Developing World, 52–68. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3018-3.ch004.

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Work is typically divided along gender lines with men being responsible for paid work and women for unpaid care work. There is a negative correlation between income and level of gender inequalities in unpaid care work. Income can give certain level of independence but reinforces new kinds of dependence and subordination of women in our society in Bangladesh. If women wish to begin their paid work, it means ideologically they want extra jobs and they have to willingly undertake this double burden of household and professional work. The study claims that there is a need of gender responsive rebalancing policies to ensure women friendly working environment to ensure actual empowerment of women in Bangladesh.

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van Echtelt, Patricia, Arie C. Glebbeek, Rudi Wielers, and Siegwart Lindenberg. "The puzzle of unpaid overtime: can the time greediness of post-fordist work be explained?" In Competing Claims in Work and Family Life, 125–42. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/9781035305322.00015.

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"When Law Forsakes the Poor." In A Guide to Civil Procedure, edited by Brooke Coleman, Suzette Malveaux, Portia Pedro, and Elizabeth Porter, 162–69. NYU Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479805938.003.0019.

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In prior eras, the class action device has been effectively employed to achieve important compensatory and deterrence goals. But judicial and legislative constraints have all but eliminated the availability of class and representative actions brought on behalf of low-income groups. These procedural rollbacks are disproportionately more harmful to members of low-income groups, who are more susceptible to the sorts of abusive practices enforceable via class and collective litigation. As low-income plaintiffs find themselves blocked from bringing class actions, whole categories of legal claims are disappearing from the docket—private claims sounding in abusive debt collection, predatory lending, illegal foreclosures, unpaid wages, employment discrimination, and other areas that constitute “poverty law.”

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Welch, Kimberly M. "Afterword." In Black Litigants in the Antebellum American South. University of North Carolina Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469636436.003.0009.

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This chapter examines Josephine Decuir, the first plaintiff in a constitutional case on racial discrimination in public transit to appear before the U.S Supreme Court. It demonstrates that in her lawsuit she drew on a rich tradition of black legal advocacy, lessons she learned from her family and from black litigants throughout the Natchez district. It argues that black litigants’ pre-emancipation experience with private law was important, for it was preparation for the long battle ahead for full citizenship and equality, a battle that would continue to be (and continues to be) fought over in the nation’s courts and beyond. Civil litigation—seemingly mundane lawsuits over property disputes, for divorce, or to recover unpaid loans—is also a significant component of the civil rights and racial justice struggle. For these lawsuits involve claims about who counts, whose voices are worth hearing, and who can and should be included. They are claims on the state and claims to accountability and recognition. They are claims about the protection of human dignity.

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Kretz, Dale. "Of War and Theft." In Administering Freedom, 144–87. University of North Carolina Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469671024.003.0005.

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Building on the corporeal data collection technologies of the US Sanitary Commission, the Pension Bureau’s rubric of disability ratings promoted a modern understanding of the body as a finite, quantifiable entity. It laid the groundwork for the Pension Bureau’s disability rating system. Operating under the so-called general law of 1862, the Pension Bureau required claimants to prove a service origin for their present disabilities; injuries and illnesses incurred prior to enlistment were not only ineligible but disqualifying. For Black claimants of the US Colored Troops, this meant having to silence or outright deny any evidence of lasting bodily harm from the days of enslavement. At the same time, other freedpeople pursued claims to lost property and unpaid wages through the Southern Claims Commission, a temporary platform for freedpeople to seek material redress and articulate loyalty and service to the Union. In all, freedpeople’s claims presented a new front in the politics of Civil War memory, with material interests—not just cultural capital—on the line.

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Panitch, Vida. "Decommodification as Exploitation." In Exploitation, 229–52. Oxford University PressNew York, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190256951.003.0012.

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Abstract Anti-commodification theorists appeal to two accounts of exploitation to strengthen their case against body sales: exploitation as wrongful advantage-taking, and exploitation as wrongful use. Theorists who appeal to the former account endeavor to show that payment for bodily goods and intimate services is coercive and unfair, while those who appeal to the latter account endeavor to show that payment is degrading. This chapter will argue that rather than payment for bodily goods and intimate services being either exploitatively unfair or degrading, it is a failure to pay providers of these goods that meets both criteria. Anti-commodification theorists who seek to condemn financial transactions involving the body by appeal to claims about the exploitation of providers have things the wrong way around, and their arguments risk worsening exploitative transactions by contributing to the deception of unpaid providers of bodily goods.

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"Paid and Unpaid Work in Context." In Gender-Class Equality in Political Economies, 42–64. Routledge, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203890622-9.

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"Gender-Class Equality in Paid and Unpaid Work." In Gender-Class Equality in Political Economies, 185–211. Routledge, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203890622-14.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Unpaid claims"

Yigci, Ibrahim, Veith Strohbücker, Miles Kunze, and Markus Schatz. "Measurement of the Particle Distribution around the Tire of a Light Commercial Vehicle on Unpaved Roads." In Automotive Technical Papers. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2024-01-5032.

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Dust testing of vehicles on unpaved roads is crucial in the development process for automotive manufacturers. These tests aim to ensure the functionality of locking systems in dusty conditions, minimize dust concentration inside the vehicle, and enhance customer comfort by preventing dust accumulation on the car body. Additionally, deposition on safety-critical parts, such as windshields and sensors, can pose threats to driver vision and autonomous driving capabilities. Currently, dust tests are primarily conducted experimentally at proving grounds. In order to gain early insights and reduce the need for costly physical tests, numerical simulations are becoming a promising alternative.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">Although simulations of vehicle contamination by dry dust have been studied in the past, they have often lacked detailed models for tire dust resuspension. In addition, few publications address the specifics of dust deposition on vehicles, especially in areas such as door gaps and locks. Many authors focus primarily on the environmental impact of vehicles due to non-exhaust emissions, such as tire and road wear particles (TRWP) and brake wear on paved roads.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">To close this gap, this paper presents an experimental test in which a vehicle drives through a dry dust track. Using special dust measurement techniques positioned in the wheelhouse, we determine the number and size distribution of the dust particle field around the tire circumference. The results of this experiment provide a deeper understanding of the dust dispersion patterns generated by tires on unpaved surfaces and serve as valuable data for boundary conditions and for the validation of CFD (computational fluid dynamics) simulations.</div></div>

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Yigci, Ibrahim, Veith Strohbücker, and Markus Schatz. "Numerical Investigations of the Dust Deposition Behavior at Light Commercial Vehicles." In Automotive Technical Papers. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2023-01-5022.

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Dry dust testing of vehicles on unpaved dust roads plays a crucial role in the development process of automotive manufacturers. One of the central aspects of the test procedure is ensuring the functionality of locking systems in the case of dust ingress and keeping the dust below a certain concentration level inside the vehicle. Another aspect is the customer comfort because of dust deposited on the surface of the car body. This also poses a safety risk to customers when the dust settles on safety-critical parts such as windshields and obstructs the driver’s view. Dust deposition on sensors is also safety critical and is becoming more important because of the increasing amount of sensors for autonomous driving. Nowadays, dust tests are conducted experimentally at dust proving grounds. To gain early insights and avoid costly physical testing, numerical simulations are considered a promising approach.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">Simulations of vehicle contamination by dry dust have been studied in the past. However, they lack detailed tire resuspension models, and none of the publications focus on the dust deposition at the vehicle in detail, such as door gaps and locks. Moreover, the emphasis of many authors is the environmental impact of vehicles resulting from non-exhaust emissions, such as tire and road wear, brake wear, and dust emissions.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper introduces a novel method for simulating the production of dust resulting from vehicles driving on a dry and dusty, unpaved road, as well as the subsequent deposition mechanisms that occur within door gaps and locks. To achieve this, both a basic, generic vehicle model and a more complex, detailed model of a Volkswagen (VW) Caddy are used in the context of a multiphase computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation with Lagrangian particles.</div></div>

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Karthikeyan, C., Sivakumar Venugopal, and Vijaysankar Gopalan. "Importance of Metallurgical Properties to Prevent Shaft Failures in Off-road Vehicle Validation." In International Conference on Automotive Materials and Manufacturing AMM 2023. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2023-28-1319.

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Globally, automotive sector is moving towards improving off-road performance, durability and safety. Need of off-road performance leads to unpredictable overload to powertrain system due to unpaved roads and abuse driving conditions. Generally, shafts and gears in the transmission system are designed to meet infinite life. But, under abuse condition, it undergo overloads in both torsional and bending modes and finally, weak part in the entire system tend to fail first. This paper represents the failure analysis of one such an incident happened in output shaft under abuse test condition. Failure mode was confirmed as torsional overload using Stereo microscope and SEM. Application stress and shear strength of the shaft was calculated and found overstressing was the cause of failure. To avoid recurrence of breakage, improvement options were identified and subjected to static torsional test to quantify the improvement level.</div></div>

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Mitchell, Kimberly, Xiaopeng Zhao, John Hooten, Robert Bray, and Luke Macdougall. "Designing a Multi-disciplinary Class to Create a Social Robot for Alzheimer's." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002538.

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and is associated with memory loss and cognitive impairments that affect daily life. Approximately 5.8 million older adults in the U.S. are living with AD (Alzheimer’s Association, 2020). People with AD often require high levels of care and assistance to maintain daily activities. The majority of care provided to a person living with AD or other forms of dementia is from a family caregiver, representing 18.6 billion hours of unpaid care valued at $244 billion (Alzheimer’s Association, 2020). The long duration, time-intensive nature of caregiving imposes high burdens on caregivers. To ease the burden on caregivers and to help assist those living with AD and other forms of dementia, several social robots have been developed. The existing robots on the market have high price points, and because of this are not accessible to a majority of the population. To address this issue, in the fall 2021 semester, undergraduate and graduate students in mechanical, aerospace, and biomedical engineering, computer science, graphic design, and architecture studied and created a low-cost social robot option. This study poses two research questions: 1. How can students understand the functional problems and needs associated with AD? 2. How can different disciplines work together to create a social robot? Students read literature reviews, conducted stakeholder meetings, designed two low-cost prototypes and performed preliminary user testing. The paper will outline guidelines for the build, interaction, and capabilities of a multi-disciplinary class in evaluating and creating new and existing social robots for dementia and Alzheimer’s care. Keywords: Social Robots, Alzheimer’s, Caregivers

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Kaka, Vaibhav, and Arvind Jain. "Vehicle Drop Test Correlation for Two-Wheeler (Motorcycle) Using Multibody Simulation." In WCX SAE World Congress Experience. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2024-01-2308.

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Off-roading is the scenario of driving a vehicle on unpaved surfaces such as sand, gravel, riverbeds, rocks, and other natural terrain. Vehicle designed for that purpose requires jumping from height due to uneven surfaces/patches. This also requires them to sustain a high amount of loads acting upon them on impact. Thus, off-roading vehicles should not only provide intended vehicle dynamics performance but at the same time should be durable as well.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">Drop test which is done in a controlled environment is a widely used method to validate the durability of vehicle in such scenarios wherein the vehicle is dropped from a certain predefined height.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">In Multibody dynamics simulation, drop test was replicated and acceleration data computed at different locations in the vehicle were correlated with actual physical test data. Correlation was done for different drop heights. This paper presents relevant details of the virtual vehicle modeling, loadcase, test data & subsequent correlation. This correlation helps in building the simulation robustness which eventually helps improve design so as to be capable of overcoming such practical scenarios.</div></div>

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Kumar, Sourav, Ritvik Babbar, Rohan Pattankar, Nithin Venkatarama, Srinivasa Yenugu, and Ravi Duggirala. "Numerical Modelling of Stone Lofting by a Treaded Tyre." In Symposium on International Automotive Technology. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2024-26-0270.

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">In passenger cars, exterior damage due to external objects is a common and repetitive problem for the costumer. A vehicle running over an unpaved or granular road undergoes such damages where the tyre picks up stones (<span class="xref">Figure 1</span>) [<span class="xref">1</span>] and ejects them towards the vehicle exterior surfaces. These stones cause mechanical damage to the vehicle: affecting aesthetics, accelerating corrosion, and reducing safety. This mechanical damage is more severe in case of electrical vehicles as batteries are placed at the underside of the vehicle. <span class="xref">Figure 2</span> [<span class="xref">2</span>] shows an example damaged caused by stone chipping. Induced erosion due to chipping cause corrosion propagation on the peeled surface, <span class="xref">Figure 2</span> shows an example of such corrosion. So far, physical testing and analytical mathematical methods are the most common ways to evaluate damages. However, there is a need of computationally inexpensive, repeatable, and accurate method, which can account for the complex system. This paper describes a validated Multiphysics numerical model for stone lofting, using a stand- alone all-weather tyre. The presented Multiphysics model couples Discrete Element Method (DEM), Finite Element Method (FEM), Multi-body Dynamics (MBD). Results of this work correlate well with experimental findings from Andreas Schönberger [<span class="xref">3</span>]. These experiments were performed in a controlled environment with a standalone treaded tyre and for three different velocities of 30kmph, 50kmph and 80kmph which accounts for tyre rotation. The results presented in this work show that method used is capable to capture relevant physics and predict stone lofting numerically. This method is anticipated as a starting point for the development of more sophisticated numeric models for stone chipping prediction.</div></div>

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Kang, Junhan, Jijun byun, Um Jin, Kunsoo Huh, and Chanuk Yang. "A study on estimation of stuck probability in off-road based on AI." In WCX SAE World Congress Experience. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2024-01-2866.

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">After the COVID-19 pandemic, leisure activities and cultures have undergone significant transformations. Particularly, there has been an increased demand for outdoor camping. Consequently, the need for capabilities that allow vehicles to navigate not only paved roads but also unpaved and rugged terrains has arisen. In this study, we aim to address this demand by utilizing AI to introduce a 'Stuck Probability Estimation Algorithm' for vehicles on off-road.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">To estimate the 'Stuck Probability' of a vehicle, a mathematical model representing vehicle behavior is essential. The behavior of off-road driving vehicles can be characterized in two main aspects: firstly, the harshness of the terrain (how uneven and rugged it is), and secondly, the extent of wheel slip affecting the vehicle's traction.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">To achieve this, we constructed two AI learning models to quantify each aspect of vehicle behavior, and integrated them into a single computational meta-model to create the 'Stuck Score Calculation Model.' For this purpose, we used internal vehicle signals as inputs to the AI models.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">We conducted 'Stuck Probability Estimation' evaluations while vehicles were driving on selected off-road terrains. The accuracy of the first model, the 'Road Depth Estimation Model,' reached 97.1%, and the second model, the 'Off-road Vehicle Slip Estimation Model,' achieved an MAE of 2.98%. The decision time result of 'Stuck Probability Estimation' using these two models is less than 13.9 seconds (5.5 seconds for sand, 13.9 seconds for pebble road).</div></div>

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Lauritano, Steven. "The Case for Survey Eclecticism." In 108th Annual Meeting Proceedings. ACSA Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.am.108.95.

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Imagine an architectural history survey course in which the diversity of interpretive approaches takes precedence over any attempted comprehensiveness of content. This paper examines the merits, and possible pitfalls, of such a class. Instead of asking students to work through a single textbook, an “eclectic survey” presents a chapter from a different book every week with each chapter carefully selected to highlight a distinctive interpretive tradition: Sigfried Giedion on Paleolithic Europe, Vibhuti Sachdev on Ancient South Asia, George Kubler on Ancient America . . . and so on. Together with the relevant details of buildings and artifacts, lectures in an “eclectic survey” course unpack the contexts and strategies that shaped each author’s approach to history. Working through such historiographical variety poses challenges for students and instructors alike, but the difficulties created by this “eclectic” approach are worth embracing – or so this paper argues – to the extent that they escape the expansionist mode of today’s global surveys, many of which are fueled by the misguided belief that an ever-more-granular expertise will one day deliver an all-encompassing picture of historical reality. If history has taught us anything, it is that its own interpretation remains perpetually in flux. Historians’ methodologies shift, often seismically, from one generation to the next. Why not equip architectural students to understand such changes and their motivations? Ultimately, an architectural survey guided by an ethos of eclecticism creates a better framework to discuss the consequences of choices historians have made and are still making.

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Singai, Chetan, T. R. Kumaraswamy, and Ajay Chandra. "Reforming Higher Education in India: In Pursuit of Excellence." In Sixth International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head20.2020.11237.

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Higher education has emerged as one of the most critical factors for the Nation’s economic, political, social and cultural growth and development. Reforming the higher education sector has become an emergent norm across the globe, especially in the developing world. India is one such emerging nation, witnessing a major shift in its ideological, pragmatic and policy directions in the last few years. The higher education sector in India has witnessed unprecedented expansion. However, given the distinctive social-political-economic context and its complexity in India, expansion in higher education is often linked with ensuring equity and access. Whereas in the developed world, expansion is often associated with quality or excellence in higher education i.e. creating world-class universities. Further, excellence in higher education is arguably the most critical component for the survival, sustenance and growth of the sector. To this end, the paper examines the convergence and divergence in policies and practices related to the pursuit of excellence in higher education and its institutions in India vis-à-vis the dominant global reforms in higher education. Erstwhile policies related to quality in higher education and the current draft National Education Policy-2019, provide a reference to the local-distinctive strategies for seeking excellence at the systemic and the institutional level, with an aspiration for global reputation. For instance, National Institutional Ranking Framework, University Grants Commission’s graded autonomy, Institutional restructuring, National Accreditation and Assessment Council and Quacquarelli Symonds- India rating and so on. The paper also sets direction on how Local strategies for global aspirations could unpack a series of issues regarding the reforms in education and delineate in what ways that these emerging global reforms, strategies are effective and appropriate to the local higher education system and its institutions.

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Boodhna, Anoushka, Anais Mangin, and Tamara Beradze. How Can We Bring About Meaningful Change for Women by Investing Differently in Small Enterprises? Oxfam, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2022.9059.

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Oxfam-supported enterprises have generated high impact and demonstrated strong business performance. Now, the shift to make women’s economic empowerment a more central focus and the opportunity to generate more meaningful impact has put us on track to transition towards a new enterprise investment model. In the future, more attention will be paid to the structural injustices that women face, to change enterprise practices and generate evidence to influence institutional change so that women can exercise their agency and claim their rights. Increasing the number of women in paid jobs can only be meaningful when unpaid care and domestic work and gender-based violence are recognized and action is taken to address them.

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Birchall, Jenny. Intersectionality and Responses to Covid-19. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/cc.2021.003.

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There is a small but growing body of literature that discusses the benefits, challenges and opportunities of intersectional responses to the socioeconomic impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic. There is a strong body of evidence pointing to the disproportionate impact of Covid-19 borne by women, who have suffered record job losses, been expected to take on even greater unpaid care burdens and home schooling responsibilities, and faced a “shadow pandemic” of violence against women and girls. However, gender inequalities cannot be discussed in isolation from other inequalities. Emerging literature stresses the importance of a Covid-19 recovery plan that addresses how gender intersects with class, race, disability, age, sexual orientation, geography, immigration status and religion or belief, and other factors such as employment, housing (and homelessness) and environmental and political stressors.

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Khemani, Shreya, Jharna Sahu, Maya Yadav, and Triveni Sahu. Interrogating What Reproduces a Teacher: A Study of the Working Lives of Teachers in Birgaon, Raipur. Indian Institute for Human Settlements, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24943/tesf1307.2023.

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This study, situated in an industrial working-class neighbourhood in Raipur, Chhattisgarh, aims to look at what sustains and reproduces an elementary school teacher in low-fee private schools. Within a highly stratified system of education such as ours (NCERT 2005), both at the level of school and teacher education itself, as well as in the context of a highly stratified society—where the imagination and reality of ‘a teacher’ is informed as much by a historical domination of teaching by specific caste groups as it is by a contemporary reality in which the bulk of the teachers in schools across the country are women (UDISE+ 2019-20)—how do we understand the working lives of teachers and the work of teaching? This study thinks through this question by inquiring into the labouring lives of teachers in our fieldsite—centring tensions between productive and unproductive labour and paid and unpaid work.

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Shamblin, Robert, Kevin Whelan, Mario Londono, and Judd Patterson. South Florida/Caribbean Network early detection protocol for exotic plants: Corridors of invasiveness. National Park Service, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2293364.

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Exotic plant populations can be potentially catastrophic to the natural communities of South Florida. Aggressive exotics such as Brazillian Pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius) and Melaleuca (Melaleuca quinquinervia) have displaced native habitats and formed monocultures of exotic stands (Dalrymple et al. 2003). Nearby plant nurseries, especially the ones outside the boundaries of Biscayne National Park (BISC) and Everglades National Park (EVER), are a continuous source of new exotic species that may become established within South Florida’s national parks. Early detection and rapid response to these new species of exotic plants is important to maintaining the integrity of the parks’ natural habitats and is a cost-effective approach to management. The South Florida/Caribbean Network (SFCN) developed the South Florida/Caribbean Network Early Detection Protocol for Exotic Plants to target early detection of these potential invaders. Three national parks of South Florida are monitored for invasive, exotic plants using this protocol: Big Cypress National Preserve (BICY), Biscayne National Park (BISC), and Everglades National Park (EVER). These national parks include some 2,411,000 acres (3,767.2 square miles [mi2]) that encompass a variety of habitat types. To monitor the entire area for new species would not be feasible; therefore the basic approach of this protocol is to scan major “corridors of invasiveness,” e.g., paved and unpaved roads, trails, trail heads, off road vehicle (ORV) trails, boat ramps, canals, and campgrounds, for exotic plant species new to the national parks of South Florida. Sampling is optimized using a two- to three-person crew: a trained botanist, a certified herbicide applicator, and optionally a SFCN (or IPMT [Invasive Plant Management Team]) staff member or park staff to take photographs and help with data collection. If infestations are small, they are treated immediately by the herbicide applicator. If large, they are reported to park staff and the Invasive Plant Management Team. The sampling domain is partitioned into five regions, with one region sampled per year. Regions include the terrestrial habitats of Biscayne National Park, the eastern region of Everglades National Park, the western region of Everglades National Park, the northern region of Big Cypress National Preserve, and the southern region of Big Cypress National Preserve. Monitoring of roads, trails, and canals occurs while traveling into and through the parks (i.e., travel at 2–10 mph) using motorized vehicles, airboats, and/or hiking. Campgrounds, boat launches, trailheads, and similar areas, involve complete searches. When an exotic plant is observed, a GPS location is obtained, and coordinates are taken of the plant. Photographs are not taken for every exotic plant encountered, but photographs will be taken for new and unusual species (for example a coastal exotic found in inland habitats). Information recorded at each location includes the species name, size of infestation, abundance, cover class, any treatment/control action taken, and relevant notes. During the surveys, a GPS “track” is also recorded to document the areas surveyed and a field of view is estimated. Field notes, pictures, and GPS data are compiled, entered, and analyzed in a Microsoft Access database. Resource briefs (and optional data summary reports) and associated shapefiles and data are then produced and sent to contacts within the corresponding national parks.

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