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Статті в журналах з теми "United states history - 19th century - civil war"
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Luo, Shan. "The Influence of American Slavery on American Economy." Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media 8, no. 1 (September 14, 2023): 191–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7048/8/20230095.
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The only time in American history that the United States has ever fought against each other was the Civil War. How did the Civil War start? Why did the North abolish slavery? What impact did the Civil War have on the American economy? This paper analyzes the background of the American Civil War and the measures taken by the North and South during the war, and puts forward some opinions about the influence of the Civil War on the American economy. The Civil War was a watershed or a turning point in the development of American capitalist economy. However, the success of American economy in the 19th century was not decided by the sudden change brought by a "war" or a "revolution". It was actually the result of the long-term development of a variety of factors that could not be covered by the civil War, this study offers some references for the research of American economy.
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Latypova, Nataliya. "Discussion on the Causes of the American Civil War (1861–1865): Periodization of Historiography." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, no. 2 (April 2022): 8–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2022.2.1.
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Introduction. The Civil War in the United States (1861–1865) has been of considerable interest to historians, lawyers, economists, and political scientists for more than 150 years. The internal political struggle that broke out in the middle of the 19th century between the two regions of the young democratic state seems to be a valuable object of research. However, scientific approaches to the study of the causes of the “inevitable conflict”, their transformation and rebirth depending on the historical period and the political situation are of even greater interest. This article attempts to summarize the main trends in the historiography of the causes of the Civil War in the United States, mainly in foreign historiography. Methods of research and materials. The methodological basis of the study was made up of general scientific and private scientific methods. The historical-legal, comparative method, as well as sociological, concrete-historical and systemic methods are used. The theoretical basis of the study was the work of mainly foreign historians, lawyers, political scientists and state historians. Analysis. Without denying the centrality of slavery among the causes of the Civil War, researchers identify religious, economic, political and social factors as the key determinants of the separatist movement in the South. A special place in American studies is occupied by the consideration of the role of African Americans in inciting conflict, the personality factor of A. Lincoln, as well as the influence of the abolitionist movement and journalists on the growing confrontation between the North and the South. At the same time, all directions, one way or another, boil down to the fact that it was slavery that was the fundamental cause of the Civil War. The peculiarities of the formation of each of the scientific directions were determined by the socio-economic and political conditions that took place in a particular historical period. Results. The periodization of scientific approaches to the study of the causes of the Civil War in the United States in the historical and legal literature can be carried out by dividing the research into three main periods: the “confrontational” (second half of the 19th century); the “socio-economic” (beginning – middle of the 20th century); the “industrial” (middle of the 20th century – the beginning of the 21st century). In the period from the beginning of the 21st century to the present, there is an obvious consensus on the central role of slavery among the determinants of war, but approaches to this problem in recent years have been characterized by interdisciplinarity, complexity, taking into account completely different sides of the conflict. Each of these areas has contributed to the formation of a holistic view of the causes of the Civil War, allowing us to realize the complex, multifaceted nature of the causes of the conflict and to reject two-dimensional approaches to their understanding. Key words: American Civil War, causes of the Civil War, Abraham Lincoln, slavery in the United States, the Missouri Compromise, abolitionists, history of the USA.
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Selivanova, Irina. "Formation of historical science and social thought in Mexico in the 19th century." Latin-American Historical Almanac 39, no. 1 (August 30, 2023): 142–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.32608/2305-8773-2023-39-1-142-163.
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This article analyzes the process of formation of historical science and social thought in Mexico in the 19th century. The author focuses on the important works of some of the most famous researchers of Mexican history, which laid the foundation for Mexican historiography. The au-thor notes that the origin and formation of Mexican national historiog-raphy and social thought was associated with key political events in the country's history: War of Independence 1810-1824, creation of the first liberal constitutions, Mexican-American War 1846-1848. and territorial disputes with the United States, bourgeois reforms, the civil war of 1854–1860, the Anglo-French-Spanish intervention, the liberation war of the Mexican people of 1861–1867. These events occupied an im-portant place in the works of the first Mexican historians, who often personally took part in the process of the political formation of an in-dependent state and became the starting points around which the historical concepts of the Mexican history of the national period were formed. these events primarily attracted the attention of historians and became the starting points around which the historical concepts of the Mexican history.
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TESTA, STEPHEN M. "DR. THOMAS ANTISELL (1817–1893): 19th CENTURY MEDICAL GEOLOGIST." Earth Sciences History 42, no. 2 (July 1, 2023): 353–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/1944-6187-42.2.353.
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ABSTRACT In America, Dr. Thomas Antisell (1817–1893) is best known for his work as a geologist with the Pacific Railroad Survey under Lt. Parke. Prior to his participation with the survey, his background was in medicine, chemistry and geology, with accomplishments in all three areas, notably writing on the geology and soils of his native Ireland. As a political outcast, his arrival in America in 1854 found him teaching chemistry and practicing medicine, until his relationship with fellow Irish botanist and physician John Torrey landed him a position as geologist with that part of the survey exploring portions of southern California, notably the Coastal Range, and southern portions of Arizona and New Mexico. Although his involvement with the survey would be his last large-scale federally-sponsored geological endeavor, he would continue to pursue interests in applied geology, among his other varied interests in medicine and chemistry. These interests would include federal positions as Chemical Examiner with the United States Patent Office, Capital Chemist with the United States Department of Agriculture, surgeon during the Civil War, consultant as a Foreign Advisor in Japan, and Professor at Georgetown University, among other schools of medicine. Although many early American geologists received their academic education at medical schools, and were physicians that made career moves to geology and remained professional geologists throughout their career, Antisell was primarily a physician, with varied interests in applied chemistry and applied geology as evident from his writings. Thus, Antisell is one of America’s early Medical Geologists; a term that would not become familiar and commonplace to the geological community until the 1990s. Moreover, as with other geologists of his time, he got some things right, and others not so, but his work set a geological foundation in new regions of the country, and raised questions that would eventually be addressed more fully by later investigators.
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Huret, Romain. "The contested state: Revenue agents, resistance, and popular consent in the United States from the early republic to the end of the nineteenth century." Tocqueville Review 33, no. 2 (January 2012): 87–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/ttr.33.2.87.
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In Ohio, during the Civil War, one Thomas H. Hanner imposed himself upon a Revenue Officer of the 19th district as a special agent of the Bureau of Internal Revenue and made “decisions as to the effect of the law, giving directions as to the management of cases involving large amounts and borrowing money upon the strength of his alleged position.”1 Another usurpation of identity occurred in Philadelphia where a person named Gillepsie collected taxes in the city. In many States, an impostor under the name of Thomas Glanner also sought to collect federal taxes.
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Coufal, James, Carl Wiedemann, Jacob Gorman, Larry Teeter, Yaoqi Zhang, Michael Kilgore, Kristell Miller, et al. "Consulting Forestry / Certification and Ecosystem Services." Journal of Forestry 109, no. 8 (December 1, 2011): 530–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jof/109.8.530.
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Abstract 45The industrialization of the United States throughout the 19th century resulted in the exploitation of millions of acres of timberland across the country. Logging during that era was described by critics as “cut out and get out” because the land was usually abandoned after the merchantable timber was exhausted. Concern about future timber supplies and the effect of logging on watersheds spurred the development of professional forestry after the Civil War. The first forestry leaders, including Bernhard Fernow and Gifford Pinchot, encouraged private non-industrial forest owners to sustainably manage their woodlands and specifically warned against destructive logging practices—including “cutting the best and leaving the rest”—aka high-grading. During the 1920s and 30s both the Forest Service and SAF spurred initiatives to encourage sustainable timber harvesting practices on private forestland. Although great progress has been made in forest management, logging on most private non-industrial forest land in the east has not changed significantly since the 19th century. Landowners usually sell timber without using the services of a forester, allowing the buyer to selectively cut the most valuable trees in the woodlot. Although this can reduce future value by 70-90%, it remains common practice because both the landowner and the timber buyer maximize short term income. The timber value and productivity of millions of acres of woodland throughout the United States have been significantly degraded as a result. This paper will trace the history of high-grading as described by forestry leaders from the 19th century through the 21st and will show that much work remains unfinished.
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Dunlavy, Colleen A. "Mirror Images: Political Structure and Early Railroad Policy in the United States and Prussia." Studies in American Political Development 5, no. 1 (1991): 1–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0898588x00000158.
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As conventional thinking once had it, Vormärz Prussia and the antebellum United States mapped out opposite ends of a “strong-state, weak-state” spectrum. But several decades of research have rendered both images increasingly untenable. Revisions began on the American side in the 1940s when a group of scholars set out to re-evaluate the state governments' role in antebellum American industrialization. These studies of state legislation and political rhetoric—the first to take federalism seriously, one might say—collectively laid to rest the myth of laissez-faire during the antebellum period. Since then scholars of the antebellum political economy have examined the American state from another angle, shifting attention to the role of the state and federal courts in economic growth. Others, mean-while, have taken a closer look at the federal government's role before the Civil War and discerned interventionist tendencies in the federal legislature and executive as well. The cumulative effect is clear: it has become impossible to speak of laissez-faire in the antebellum American context. On the Prussian side, too, historians have begun to rethink the state's role in industrialization as mounting evidence has undermined the conventional image. Initially, few historians questioned the extent of the state's involvement in economic activity during the first half of the 19th century; instead, they debated its consequences—beneficial or not, intended or not. On balance the first round of revisions judged Vormdrz Prussian policies to have been rather contradictory in nature, some encouraging industrialization but others either hampering economic change or proving irrelevant.5 Historian Clive Trebilcock has gone a step further, however, debunking what he labels “myths of the directed economy” in nineteenth-century Germany.
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Merskey, Harold. "History of Pain Research and Management in Canada." Pain Research and Management 3, no. 3 (1998): 164–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1998/270647.
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Scattered accounts of the treatment of pain by aboriginal Canadians are found in the journals of the early explorers and missionaries. French and English settlers brought with them the remedies of their home countries. The growth of medicine through the 18th and 19th centuries, particularly in Europe, was mirrored in the practice and treatment methods of Canadians and Americans. In the 19th century, while Americans learned about causalgia and the pain of wounds, Canadian insurrections were much less devastating than the United States Civil War. By the end of that century, a Canadian professor working in the United States, Sir William Osler, was responsible for a standard textbook of medicine with a variety of treatments for painful illnesses. Yet pain did not figure in the index of that book. The modern period in pain research and management can probably be dated to the 20 years before the founding of the International Association for the Study of Pain. Pride of place belongs toThe management of painby John Bonica, published in Philadelphia in 1953 and based upon his work in Tacoma and Seattle. Ideas about pain were evolving in Canada in the 1950s with Donald Hebb, Professor of Psychology at McGill University in Montreal, corresponding with the leading American neurophysiologist, George H Bishop. Hebb's pupil Ronald Melzack engaged in studies of early experiences in relation to pain and, joining with Patrick Wall at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, published the 1965 paper in Science that revolutionized thinking. Partly because of this early start with prominent figures and partly because of its social system in the organization of medicine, Canada became a centre for a number of aspects of pain research and management, ranging from pain clinics in Halifax, Kingston and Saskatoon - which were among the earliest to advance treatment of pain - to studying the effects of implanted electrodes for neurosurgery. Work in Toronto by Moldofsky and Smythe was probably responsible for turning ideas about fibromyalgia from the quaint concept of 'psychogenic rheumatism' into the more fruitful avenue of empirical exploration of brain function, muscle tender points and clinical definition of disease. Tasker and others in Toronto made important advances in the neurophysiology of nociception by the thalamus and cingulate regions. Their work continues while a variety of basic and clinical studies are advancing knowledge of fundamental mechanisms, including work by Henry and by Sawynok on purines; by Salter and by Coderre on spinal cord mechanisms and plasticity; by Katz on postoperative pain; by several workers on children's pain; and by Bushnell and others in Montreal on cerebral imaging. Such contributions reflect work done in a country that would not want to claim that its efforts are unique, but would hope to be seen as maintaining some of the best standards in the developed world.
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Tatsumi, Takayuki. "The Magic Realist Unconscious: Twain, Yamashita and Jackson." Literature 2, no. 4 (October 12, 2022): 257–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/literature2040021.
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The literary topic of Siamese twins is not unfamiliar. American literary history tells us of the genealogy from Mark Twain’s pseudo-antebellum story The Tragedy of Pudd’nhead Wilson and the Comedy Those Extraordinary Twins (1894), Karen Tei Yamashita’s postmodern metafiction “Siamese Twins and Mongoloids: Cultural Appropriation and the Deconstruction of Stereotype via the Absurdity of Metaphor” (1999), down to Shelley Jackson’s James Tiptree, Jr. award winner Half-Life (2006). Rereading these works, we are easily invited to notice the political unconscious hidden deep within each plot: Twain’s selection of the Italian Siamese twins based upon Chang and Eng Bunker, antebellum stars of the Barnum Museum, cannot help but recall the ideal of the post-Civil War world uniting the North and the South; Yamashita’s figure of the conjoined twins Heco and Okada derives from Hikozo Hamada, an antebellum Japanese who made every effort to empower the bond between Japan and the United States, and John Okada, the Japanese American writer well known for his masterpiece No No Boy (1957); and Jackson’s characterization of the female conjoined twins Nora and Blanche Olney represents a new civil rights movement in the post-Cold War age in the near future, establishing a close friendship between the humans and the post-humans. This literary and cultural context should convince us that Yamashita’s short story “Siamese Twins and Mongoloids” serves as a kind of singularity point between realist twins and magic realist twins. Influenced by Twain’s twins, Yamashita paves the way for the re-figuration of the conjoined twins not only as tragi-comical freaks in the Gilded Age but also as representative men of magic realist America in our Multiculturalist Age. A Close reading of this metafiction composed in a way reminiscent of Jorge Luis Borges, Stanislaw Lem and Bruce Sterling will enable us to rediscover not only the role conjoined twins played in cultural history, but also the reason why Yamashita had to feature them once again in her novel I Hotel (2010) whose plot centers around the Asian American civil rights movement between the 1960s and the 1970s. Accordingly, an Asian American magic realist perspective will clarify the way Yamashita positioned the figure of Siamese Twins as representing legal and political double standards, and the way the catachresis of Siamese Twins came to be naturalized, questioned and dismissed in American literary history from the 19th century through the 21st century.
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Rizescu, Marilena. "U.S. TRADE STRATEGY (1890-1909): PROTECTION AT HOME VERSUS FREE TRADE ABROAD." Analele Universităţii din Craiova seria Istorie 27, no. 2 (January 23, 2023): 73–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.52846/aucsi.2022.2.05.
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American trade strategy is defined by a combination of economic interest groups and competition between political parties. In the economic acts passed by Congress the almost infinitely divisible nature of the tariff, which often allowed the charges to be tailored to particular producers, created a norm of mutual noninterference and a process of legislative award in which virtually all claimants could be satisfied. As a result, the American tariff aimed for equality and uniformity in universally applied taxes. The role of political parties fluctuates depending on the interest group. The Republicans, who had an electoral base in the Northeast and Midwest, were identified as the party of protection, and the Democrats, relying increasingly on the traditionally trade-dependent South, asserted themselves as the party of free trade. From this perspective, tariff fluctuations were explained by changes in party dominance. There were multiple rapid and dramatic changes in American trade strategy; after the Civil War and before 1887, the United States was a relatively passive and highly protectionist nation-state. The rates set were high, non-negotiable and non-discriminatory. The transition from America's passive protectionism of the mid-19th century to its active liberalism of the mid-20th represents an extreme turning point. During the period 1890-1909, there was no unidirectional position regarding American trade strategy on a regular or periodic basis. Rather, trade strategy oscillated and was inferred from debates over tariff policy, the central trade issue of the age and the main instrument through which the strategy was implemented. Trade strategy is, however, different and more general than tariff policy; two (or more) tariff acts may differ in their details, but reflect a single commercial strategy. During this period, five tariff acts were passed by Congress: McKinley Tariff (1890), Wilson-Gorman Tariff (1894), Dingley Tariff (1897) and Payne-Aldrich Tariff (1909).
Дисертації з теми "United states history - 19th century - civil war"
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Brill, Kristen Cree. "Rewriting southern womanhood in the American Civil War." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608254.
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Slider, Chad W. "Window making in America : a study of craftsmen, sawmills, glassworks, and hardware from Jamestown to the Civil War." Virtual Press, 2007. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1366296.
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Windows are a significant feature of building construction that have largely escaped notice in terms of their design and fabrication in America from the time of European colonization to the mid-nineteenth century. This thesis tells the story of the glass, woodworking, and hardware technologies that transformed windows from hand-crafted to mass-produced building components. It also explores the stylistic, social, and economic factors that underlie the development and usage of windows in America.Department of Architecture
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Stites, Russell. "Creating the Character of North Texas: Demographics and Geography, 1841-1861." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2019. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1609095/.
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Several historians have identified North Texas as constituting a unique cultural region in antebellum Texas, due to the more limited cotton and slave economies and greater opposition to secession. Different settlement patterns have been put forward as an explanation for the distinct "character" of North Texas, with North Texas being portrayed as being settled largely by migrants from the Upper South while the rest of the state was primarily settled by Lower Southerners. The argument rests on the assumption of differing economic and political cultures between Upper and Lower Southerners. This study investigates migration into North Texas counties and the economic life and secession vote in those counties. It challenges the simplistic dichotomy between migrants from the Upper and Lower South by demonstrating the similar rates at which these two groups grew cotton and owned slaves. It also illustrates how geographic considerations better explain the apparent distinctions between North Texas and the rest of the state. Transportation limitations are likely the reason for the more limited cultivation of cotton and, consequently, the lowered importance of slavery in North Texas. Concerns about Indian depredations following the removal of federal troops in the case of secession also seem to have promoted Unionist turnout in the secession vote. The seemingly unique qualities of North Texas appear to have been more practical than political.
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Leach, Kristine. "Nineteenth and twentieth century migrant and immigrant women : a search for common ground." Scholarly Commons, 1994. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2280.
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This study considers the question of whether immigrant women in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries had similarities in their experiences as immigrants to the United States. Two time periods were examined : the years between 1815 and the Civil War and the years since 1965 . As often as was possible, first- person accounts of immigrant women were used. For the nineteenth century women, these consisted of published letters and diaries and an occasional autobiography. For the contemporary women, published accounts and interviews were used. Twenty- six women from sixteen different countries were interviewed by the author. The interviewees were from a broad spectrum of educational, socioeconomic, and religious backgrounds. The first chapter discusses reasons for emigration, the difficulties of leaving one's home, and the problems of the journey.
The second chapter considers some of the problems of adjusting to a new environment, such as adapting to new kinds of food and housing, feelings of isolation, separation from family and friends, language problems, and prejudice. The third chapter deals with family issues. It examines how living in a culture with new freedoms and opportunities affected relationships with husbands and children. Many immigrant women, either by choice or necessity, worked outside the home for the first time after immigrating, which changed a woman's role within the family. This chapter also looks at the difficulty of watching one's children grow up in a culture with different expectations and standards of behavior. The conclusion drawn from this study is that many women who have immigrated to the United States, even those from very different times and situations, have had a surprising number of experiences and emotions in common as part of their immigrant experience
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Coon, Katherine E. "The Sisters of Charity in Nineteenth-Century America: Civil War Nurses and Philanthropic Pioneers." Thesis, Connect to resource online, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/2185.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Indiana University, 2010.Title from screen (viewed on July 19, 2010). Departments of History and Philanthropic Studies, School of Liberal Arts, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI). Advisor(s): Nancy Marie Robertson, Jane E. Schultz, Patricia Wittberg. Includes vitae. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 158-169).
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Martin, Johnathan Paul. ""The Great Hanging"." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2005. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc849655/.
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"The Great Hanging" is a documentary film that tells the story of the largest extra-legal mass hanging in U.S. History. This story is told through stage play recital of "October Mourning" written by historian and professor Dr. Pat Ledbetter. Using the stage play as a vehicle, the film showcases cinematic re-enactments based in the events in Gainesville, Texas during October 1862. These events show how a small community became overwhelmed by the fog of war and delved into madness as the Civil War crept closer and closer to their doorstep.
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Ballou, Charles F. "Hospital medicine in Richmond, Virginia during the Civil War : a study of Hospital No. 21, Howard's Grove and Winder hospitals /." Thesis, This resource online This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-02092007-102013/.
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Martin, Johnathan Paul. "The Great Hanging." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2016. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc849655/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
"The Great Hanging" is a documentary film that tells the story of the largest extra-legal mass hanging in U.S. History. This story is told through stage play recital of "October Mourning" written by historian and professor Dr. Pat Ledbetter. Using the stage play as a vehicle, the film showcases cinematic re-enactments based in the events in Gainesville, Texas during October 1862. These events show how a small community became overwhelmed by the fog of war and delved into madness as the Civil War crept closer and closer to their doorstep.
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Murphy, Michael B. "The Kimberlins Go To War: A Union Family in Copperhead Country." Thesis, Connect to resource online, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/2230.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Indiana University, 2010.Title from screen (viewed on July 29, 2010). Department of History, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI). Advisor(s): John R. Kaufman-McKivigan, Robert G. Barrows, Kevin C. Robbins. Includes vitae. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 145-151).
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Ballesteros, Nicholas A. "Forging Their Legacy: Cooperation and Accommodation in the Lower Rio Grande Valley, 1848-1870." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1404527/.
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Forging Their Legacy: Cooperation and Accommodation in the Lower Rio Grande Valley is an examination of the relationships created during the mid-nineteenth century between Anglo and Tejano elites in the five counties that make up the Lower Rio Grande Valley. Conducted through a quantitative lens, the five-chapter study seeks to demonstrate that, although the period between 1848 and 1870 was fraught with conflict and violence, the Anglo and Tejano elite of the Lower Rio Grande Valley came together in cooperation in order not only to survive these troubling times but to prosper. The thesis begins by identifying and analyzing the economic and political elite in the Lower Rio Grande Valley during the 1850s. A new crop of Anglo immigrants arrived with the Mexican-American War, but only a small number willing to assimilate to local Tejano culture were able to leave their mark on the Lower Valley. Chapter 4 relates the effect of the Civil War on the elite of the Lower Valley. It explores the profitable cotton trade during the war and the struggle that both Anglo and Tejano elites faced during Reconstruction. The thesis concludes with a macro-analysis of the twenty-two-year period from 1848-1870. It summarizes overall trends found in both the Anglo and Tejano elite communities and challenges the often-repeated argument of rapid dispossession by Anglos.
Книги з теми "United states history - 19th century - civil war"
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Barney, William L. The passage of the republic: An interdisciplinary history of nineteenth-century America. Lexington, Mass: D.C. Heath, 1987.
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Rappaport, Doreen. United no more!: Stories of the Civil War. New York: HarperCollinsPublishers, 2007.
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Rappaport, Doreen. United no more!: Stories of the Civil War. New York: HarperCollinsPublishers, 2007.
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Fellman, Michael. This terrible war: The Civil War and its aftermath. New York: Longman, 2003.
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J, Gordon Lesley, and Sutherland Daniel E, eds. This terrible war: The Civil War and its aftermath. New York: Pearson Longman, 2008.
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J, Gordon Lesley, and Sutherland Daniel E, eds. This terrible war: The Civil War and its aftermath. New York: Longman, 2003.
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Onuf, Nicholas Greenwood. Nations, markets, and war: Modern history and the American Civil War. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia Press, 2005.
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A bohemian brigade: The Civil War correspondents, mostly rough, sometimes ready. New York: Wiley, 2000.
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1968-, Schroeder Patrick A., ed. Civil War soldier life: In camp & battle. 3rd ed. Daleville, VA: Schroeder Publications, 2001.
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Anderson, Dale. A soldier's life in the Civil War. Milwaukee: World Almanac Library, 2004.
Знайти повний текст джерелаЧастини книг з теми "United states history - 19th century - civil war"
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Foster, Travis M. "Elegies, White Dissent, and the Civil War Dead." In Genre and White Supremacy in the Postemancipation United States, 61–85. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198838098.003.0003.
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American literary history tends to discount Civil War elegies as unvaryingly predictable and, with a few canonical exceptions, unworthy of sustained attention. Chapter 3 proposes instead that we reconsider the genre as an essential archive of white plasticity and incorporation. When considered together, the hundreds of elegies to the Civil War dead printed and reprinted between 1861 and the turn of the century constitute perhaps the best archive we have for assessing, first, the conflicted nature of Northern white feeling in response to sectional reconciliation and, second, the capacity for white nationalism to transform such dissent into a technology for supremacist belonging. As a genre, Civil War elegies thus organized those psychic, social, and political incorporations that enabled the white subject to assert misrecognition without disrupting belonging, dissent from nationalism’s projections without disrupting citizenship, and occupy several competing strands of attachment without disrupting white supremacy’s defining claim to racial exceptionalism.
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Cushman, Stephen. "Coda." In The Generals' Civil War, 161–76. University of North Carolina Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469666020.003.0007.
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Without Mark Twain, the Civil War memory market would not have developed as it did, and without the Civil War there never would have been a Mark Twain. Although his short piece “The Private History of a Campaign That Failed” has received more attention, Twain’s longest meditations on Civil War memory and Civil War imagination appeared in Life on the Mississippi (1883). In that book the changeableness of the Mississippi River becomes a metaphor for the changeableness of Civil War memory, which combines with imagination in Civil War memoir writing. What Twain understood about the market for Civil War memoirs is that first-person narratives by leading actors satisfy readers’ appetites for both generalization and specificity. Such narratives began the twentieth-century memoir boom that continues today. We now take it for granted that leading actors in political and cultural events will write first-person memoirs, but in the United States they have not always done so. The ascendancy of the memoir genre, now so dominant, began in the late nineteenth-century with Civil War generals’ first-person accounts.
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Robins, Jonathan. "Cotton." In The Oxford Handbook of Agricultural History, 394–410. Oxford University Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190924164.013.21.
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Abstract Cotton agriculture emerged independently in at least four places across the tropics. Cotton became a versatile and highly valued fiber for making textiles, spreading across the Old and New Worlds. The American South became the world’s leading exporter of cotton in the nineteenth century, relying on slave labor. Colonial states forced peasants across Africa and Asia to grow cotton in competition with the South during and after the US Civil War, but the United States remained a dominant exporter into the twentieth century. Large-scale irrigation projects brought cotton agriculture to arid regions in Africa, America, and Asia, but the most cotton continued to be rain-fed, grown by small-scale farmers. Mechanization gradually drove small producers out in the United States, but small-scale cotton cultivation remains viable in many parts of the world.
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Clinton, Catherine. "“Public Women” and Sexual Politics During the American Civil War." In Battle Scars, 61–77. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195174441.003.0004.
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Abstract War produces cultural shifts so dramatic that sexual attitudes, mores, and morality undergo sea changes when nations are under siege. Why should the American Civil War be any different? Yet unearthing evidence on this topic continues to be challenging, for as Civil War scholar Bell Wiley complained, families censored soldiers’ letters, and veterans avoided this topic in their reminiscences. A legacy of silence on sexual subjects remained in force for nearly a century after the war. Regardless of reticence, the Civil War created the largest increase in the sex trade in nineteenth-century America, perhaps the single greatest growth spurt in the nation’s history. During the antebellum period, brothels flourished throughout the United States, in bustling port cities as well as rural hamlets. “Blue” guides were published for major cities along the eastern seaboard; New Orleans had its own guide, which ran to several editions. Many women who sold sexual services were affiliated with “houses,” but even larger numbers operated independently as “streetwalkers.” Evidence indicates that hundreds, perhaps thousands, of nineteenth-century women were involved with a system of concubinage of “kept women” through private contractual arrangements with individual men. Whatever these combined numbers amounted to, they were overshadowed by the figures for those who participated in a more “casual” sex trade.
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Friedman, Lawrence M. "The Legal Profession: At Work." In A History of American Law, 617–40. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190070885.003.0021.
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This chapter discusses changes in the legal profession in the second half of the nineteenth century covering the organization of the bar and admission to the bar. In 1850, there were an estimated 21,979 lawyers in the United States. The number grew very rapidly after the Revolution. In the last half of the century, there was even greater increase. The transformation of the American economy after the Civil War profoundly affected the demand for lawyers, and hence the supply. By 1880, there were perhaps 60,000 lawyers; by 1900, about 114,000. For most of the nineteenth century, no organization even pretended to speak for the bar as a whole, or any substantial part, or to govern the conduct of lawyers. Lawyers formed associations, mainly social, from time to time; but there was no general bar group until the last third of the century.
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Snead, James E. "Idol Pursuits: Artifacts and Authority after the Civil War." In Relic Hunters. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198736271.003.0009.
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A particularly baroque literary appearance of the Kentucky Mummy highlights the transformation of public perceptions of indigenous antiquities in the United States in the Civil War decade. An imaginary romance of Mammoth Cave, Legends of the South (Smith 1869), describes a mysterious, annual journey of a “venerable Indian” down into the cavern. Ultimately the old man disappears into its depths, never to return. Decades later the author pursues the subterranean trail, encountering marvels that include the warning Siste viator—“Stop, traveler”— chalked on the cave wall. Nearby he finds the deceased elder, reduced to a “mummy-like dessication” clad in deerskin. Armed with an amulet taken from the body he pushes onward, ultimately entering a vast sepulcher in which . . . lay the warrior tribe, in their panoply complete. Supine—with their hands crossed upon their breasts, with their faces turned upward, as if acknowledging the presence of a superior being, they lay, like the marble effigies of the knights of old upon their sarcophagi. . . . In this catacomb the author is haunted by a ghostly “Sachem” who chides: “Are you not satisfied that your cruel warfare has exterminated us from the surface of the earth? Must you follow us to these chambers of death to scatter our ashes?” The supernatural figure then describes the wars of his dead people, prophesying that those events would be repeated in post-Civil War United States. “Nations from the rising sun shall make war upon the conquerors,” he pronounces “and then shall the Southern panther rise from his lair, and avenge his wrongs.” This subterranean tale amplified the myriad accounts of the Kentucky Mummy—a discovery two generations in the past by that time. By the mid-nineteenth century such visions of indigenous antiquity were increasingly commonplace, but the linkage between these histories and current events indicate increasingly deep associations with the American landscape. It was not simply abstract indigenous history that was being co-opted, however, but the material legacy of that experience—the ruins and artifacts that were ubiquitous in the increasingly populated countryside.
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Berlin, Ira. "American Slavery in History and Memory." In Slavery, Resistance, Freedom, 1–20. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195102222.003.0001.
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Abstract The ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution in December 1865 abolished slavery in the United States. In the years that followed, Southern planters and their allies proved extraordinarily resourceful in inventing new forms of labor extraction and racial oppression, but—try as they might—they could not reinstate chattel bondage. Yet, almost a century and a half later, the question of slavery again roils the water of American life. Indeed, the last years of the twentieth and the first years of the twenty-first centuries have witnessed an extraordinary popular engagement with slavery. Slavery has a greater presence in American life now than at any time since the Civil War ended.
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Jovanović, Andrija. "American sanctions against the Soviet Union and construction of the Urengoy – Pomari – Uzhgorod gas pipeline." In Topics of the history of the countries of Central and South-Eastern Europe in the 19th–21st centuries, 363–90. Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/7576-0495-4.18.
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Energy cooperation during the Cold War represented a unique phenomenon in a period of world division into two opposing blocs. Throughout most of the Cold War, there was a significant export of Soviet energy resources, such as oil and gas, to capitalist Western European countries, which had limited reserves of these resources and benefited from the favourable prices offered by the Soviet Union. The main recipients of these exports were Italy, Austria, West Germany, and France. Considering the extensive and long-lasting nature of this cooperation, it can be concluded that it represented a form of integration of the European continent, despite the political and ideological conflict that divided Europe into East and West. The collaboration between Western European countries and the Soviet Union in this area reached its peak in the early 1980s with the signing of the agreement to construct the Urengoy–Pomari–Uzhhorod gas pipeline, which was referred to as the “Deal of the Century.” However, the United States, as the other superpower during the Cold War, particularly during Ronald Reagan’s administration with its strongly anti-Soviet stance, did not remain silent about these developments. The U.S. aimed to undermine this agreement through sanctions, considering it a security threat to American allies. However, Western European states, driven by economic principles and logic, did not participate in American sanctions, rendering them ineffective and soon revoked. Nevertheless, many countries, including Yugoslavia, sought to take advantage of this situation and involve their construction organizations in Soviet energy projects, thereby participating in the process of energy integration on the European continent.
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McNeilly, Mark. "The Changing Character of War." In Sun Tzu and The Art of Modern Warfare, 181–200. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195133400.003.0008.
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Abstract “Here begins our tale. The empire, long divided, must unite; long united, must divide. Thus it has ever been.” So begins Three Kingdoms, the ancient historical Chinese novel. It tells the story of three warring kingdoms that fought each other during the civil war at the end of the Han dynasty. The situation Three Kingdoms speaks of, a world of everchanging political situations and continual conflict between states, has been true throughout history and rings true even today. After the end of the Cold War some wrote of “the endofhistory”—a world in which further military conflict would not occur, a world that would live primarily in peace. Unfortunately, that hoped-for dream has not become reality. Instead, small nations continue to fight one another, factions within nations battle in civil wars, and large nations exert influence and flex their muscles to gain strategic advantage. A count of conflicts within and between nations at the turn of the twenty-first century by the National Defense Council Foundation listed sixty-eight conflicts throughout the world. This was much higher than the thirty-five conflicts occurring at the end of the Cold War. While many of these struggles are being fought with conventional weapons, many nations are also deploying increasingly powerful weapons, including weapons of mass destruction (WMD).
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Cantor, Brian. "The Gibbs Phase Rule." In The Equations of Materials, 45–65. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198851875.003.0003.
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Materials are made up of regions of space that are homogeneous in structure and properties, called phases. The number of different phases in a material depends on its temperature, pressure and composition, as given when the material is at equilibrium by the Gibbs phase rule. This was discovered by the American scientist J. Willard Gibbs during his ground-breaking investigations in the late 19th century into the thermodynamics of heterogeneous materials. This chapter explains the differences between solutions, mixtures and compounds; the use of phase diagrams to determine the structure of a material; and the way in which phase transformations can be used to change the structure of a material. Gibbs grew up in an academic family at Yale University in New Haven at the time of the American Civil War. He was the first person to receive an engineering doctorate in the United States, and he later became a fundamental theoretician of thermodynamics, statistical mechanics and vector fields.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "United states history - 19th century - civil war"
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Iliev, Andrej, Lazar Gjurov, and Zoran Cikarski. "HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF STRATEGIC LEADERSHIP IN WARFARE." In SECURITY HORIZONS. Faculty of Security- Skopje, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.20544/icp.2.5.21.p19.
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The Industrial Revolution of the 19th century had a profound effect on the way the wars were fought. Historians often refer to the American Civil War (1861-65) as the first genuine modern war. History has shown that the effects of technological advances in industry are processes which follow the revolution in the history of war. Napoleon's military campaigns formed the basis of formal military education and lidership in the Western world. Wars as a social phenomenon were more effective through the use of the first modern railways, roads, and warships, which in most military operations changed the doctrine and tactics of warfare and the deployment of military forces on the battlefield. The first and second generation of modern warfare was dominated by the massive use of military force, and numerous armies. This generation of warfare culminates in the Renaissance with the wars of the french emperor and one of the famoust strategic military leaders in that time, Napoleon Bonaparte. The third generation of warfare was a product of the First World War and was generally developed by the German army and was better known as “Blitzkrieg” or maneuver warfare. The strategic military leader in this generation of warfare was Adolf Hitler. The fourth generation of warfare is an evolved form of rebellion that uses all available networks: political, economic, social, and military, in order to create an imaginary image of the adversary. Also, the fifth generation of warfare is defined as contactless warfare, which states and destroys a specific goal without the physical presence of a human. This generation of warfare begins with long-range artillery and naval firearms and longrange missile systems and has been studied since the US terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. Strategic leadership in the fourth and fifth generation of warfare have been most developed by US military strategic leaders especially after the US terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. World-class warriors are strategic leaders which have moved beyond tactical and operational competence in the employment of the future force. They understand and implement a full spectrum of operations at the strategic level to include theater and campaign strategy, joint force, interagency in multinational operations. At the end, the military strategic leaders are using all spectrum of military elements of national political 208 power and technology in the execution of the national security strategy. The aim of this paper is to analyze the historical development of strategic lidership in warfare throughout history, taking into account the comprehensive social changes that have taken place in the world over the last two centuries. Keywords: historical development, strategic lidership, generations of warfare, strategy, tactics