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Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 27 липня 2024
Оновлено: 28 липня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "United States. Forest Service – History"

1

Robbins, William G. "The United States Forest Service and the Problem of History." Public Historian 15, no. 3 (1993): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3378714.

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2

Hall, O. F. "New Zealand's Privatization of Forest Lands: Policy Lessons for the United States and Elsewhere?" Forest Science 43, no. 2 (May 1, 1997): 181–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestscience/43.2.181.

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Abstract Two forest policy questions are examined: 1. What particular problems in New Zealand's privatization of public forest lands (1985 to 1995) need thorough examination prior to proposing it in the United States or elsewhere? 2. What light does the New Zealand experience throw on the question of whether privatization and subdivision of forest lands is the solution to multiple use conflicts among forest land uses and users? A brief history of the origin and implementation of New Zealand's forest privatization policy is given, including the disestablishment of its national Forest Service. Two unique features of New Zealand made privatization especially appropriate there: the history of many government-operated businesses, and the great area and productivity of a very distinctive and differentiated forest type—radiata pine plantations. Nine objectives of privatization stated in New Zealand, 5 specifically on forestry, are analyzed. Six of the 9 were concluded to be successful in New Zealand. Possibilities of success in the United States are examined. As a solution for multiple-use problems, both positive and negative results of the policy are found. Finally, 6 tentative "lessons" are concluded that should be reviewed in countries where a similar policy is proposed: 1. Privatization should involve either leasing or fee simple sale of forested land primarily suited to rapid tree growth of commercially valuable species suitable for being managed for successive crops of timber at a profit, with covenants for regeneration after harvest. 2. Lands critical for recreational, aesthetic, or habitat values should remain publicly owned. 3. Lands on which re-investment of some of the income in regeneration is of questionable profitability should not be entered into the policy. 4. The policy could be successful in avoiding many but not all multiple-use conflicts for the managers. 5. In public forests retained for exclusively noncommodity uses, questions of the availability of some useful and valuable woods may require arbitration of conflicts. 6. Privatization doesn't solve the struggle to financially support park and wilderness and special wildlife habitat. For. Sci. 43(2):181-193.
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3

Freeman, Richard. "The EcoFactory: The United States Forest Service and the Political Construction of Ecosystem Management." Environmental History 7, no. 4 (October 2002): 632. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3986060.

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4

Klyza, Christopher McGrory. "Ideas, Institutions, and Policy Patterns: Hardrock Mining, Forestry, and Grazing Policy on United States Public Lands, 1870–1985." Studies in American Political Development 8, no. 2 (1994): 341–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0898588x00001279.

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From the mid–1800s through the mid–1980s, the federal government initiated programs to manage three types of resources on the lands that it controlled. The discovery of gold in California and elsewhere in the West prompted the first government policy in the 1860s. Debate over the nation's forests began in the 1870s, and a system of national forests to be managed by a federal Forest Service was created in the late 1800s and early 1900s. And in the 1930s, the government finally began to manage the lands no one wanted, its grazing lands. The federal government continues to be an active manager of national resources. Indeed, with control of nearly 30 percent of the nation's land, it is the largest land manager in the country.
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5

Bengston, David N., Jim Dator, Michael J. Dockry, and Aubrey Yee. "Alternative Futures for Forest-Based Nanomaterials." World Futures Review 8, no. 4 (August 19, 2016): 197–221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1946756716659650.

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Forestry and forest products research has entered into a robust research agenda focused on creating nano-sized particles and nanoproducts from wood. As wood-based materials can be sustainably produced, the potential of these renewable products could be limitless and include high-end compostable electronics, paint-on solar panels, and lightweight materials for airplanes and cars. Others warn about potential serious negative health and environmental consequences. Either way, wood-based nanomaterials could disrupt forestry as we know it. This article is a summary and analysis of a collaborative research project exploring the futures of wood-based nanomaterials within the context of the futures of forests and forest management within the United States. We start by describing the history of forestry through the lens of the U.S. Forest Service, then describe nanotechnology in general and wood-based nanocellulose specifically. Next, we outline the Manoa School alternative futures method, and how we used it to design and carry out a “complete futures of x” project. Following the Manoa School approach, we describe four alternative futures for forestry and forest management. We conclude with implications for the future of forestry, forests, and forest-based nanomaterials, as well as a discussion on the implementation of a complete “futures of x” project.
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6

Coufal, James, Carl Wiedemann, Jacob Gorman, Larry Teeter, Yaoqi Zhang, Michael Kilgore, Kristell Miller, et al. "Consulting Forestry / Certification and Ecosystem Services." Journal of Forestry 109, no. 8 (December 1, 2011): 530–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jof/109.8.530.

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Abstract 45The industrialization of the United States throughout the 19th century resulted in the exploitation of millions of acres of timberland across the country. Logging during that era was described by critics as “cut out and get out” because the land was usually abandoned after the merchantable timber was exhausted. Concern about future timber supplies and the effect of logging on watersheds spurred the development of professional forestry after the Civil War. The first forestry leaders, including Bernhard Fernow and Gifford Pinchot, encouraged private non-industrial forest owners to sustainably manage their woodlands and specifically warned against destructive logging practices—including “cutting the best and leaving the rest”—aka high-grading. During the 1920s and 30s both the Forest Service and SAF spurred initiatives to encourage sustainable timber harvesting practices on private forestland. Although great progress has been made in forest management, logging on most private non-industrial forest land in the east has not changed significantly since the 19th century. Landowners usually sell timber without using the services of a forester, allowing the buyer to selectively cut the most valuable trees in the woodlot. Although this can reduce future value by 70-90%, it remains common practice because both the landowner and the timber buyer maximize short term income. The timber value and productivity of millions of acres of woodland throughout the United States have been significantly degraded as a result. This paper will trace the history of high-grading as described by forestry leaders from the 19th century through the 21st and will show that much work remains unfinished.
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7

Lugo, Ariel, and Grizelle González. "Introduction to the Special Issue on Tropical Forests: Management and Ecology in the Anthropocene." Forests 10, no. 1 (January 10, 2019): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10010048.

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This Special Issue of Forests is based on papers presented at the 75th anniversary of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service International Institute of Tropical Forestry as well as other papers relevant to the topic of the Special Issue. The Institute is but one leg of a conservation relay among cultures and institutions that began in Puerto Rico a millennium ago. The Institute began operations in 1939 and celebrated its 75th anniversary on May, 2014. Over its 75 years of operation, the Institute has focused its research on tropical forests, with the scope of the research expanding over the years. An analysis of the lines of research of the Institute showed that over its history about 69 lines of research have been established and that of the original 17 lines of research between 1939 and 1949, all but one remained active in 2014. This history and continuity of the research program has allowed the Institute to observe ecological phenomena over decades, including the evolving forest structure and functioning on degraded land restoration experiments that began before the formal establishment of the Institute and are now over 80 years old.
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8

Greiner, S. Michelle, Kerry E. Grimm, and Amy E. M. Waltz. "Managing for Resilience? Examining Management Implications of Resilience in Southwestern National Forests." Journal of Forestry 118, no. 4 (March 12, 2020): 433–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jofore/fvaa006.

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Abstract The United States Forest Service 2012 Planning Rule prioritizes making lands resilient to climate change. Although researchers have investigated the history of “resilience” and its multiple interpretations, few have examined perceptions or experiences of resource staff tasked with implementing resilience. We interviewed Forest Service staff in the Southwestern Region to evaluate how managers and planners interpret resilience as an agency strategy, execution of resilience in management, and climate change’s impact on perception of resilience. Interviewees identified resilience as a main driver of agency response to land management but, when applying the concept, experienced barriers including ambiguity; scale; management specificity versus broad, adaptive landscape approach; and lack of metrics or examples. Interviewees found restoring ecosystem function to promote resilience while planning for future changed landscapes difficult. They desired landscape-scale collaboration to understand how to operationalize the resilience directive. Our findings revealed obstacles and opportunities for resilience in a managerial context.
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9

Kauppi, P. E., R. A. Birdsey, Y. Pan, A. Ihalainen, P. Nöjd, and A. Lehtonen. "Effects of land management on large trees and carbon stocks." Biogeosciences 12, no. 3 (February 12, 2015): 855–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-855-2015.

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Abstract. Large trees are important and unique organisms in forests, providing ecosystem services including carbon dioxide removal from the atmosphere and long-term storage. Some reports have raised concerns about the global decline of large trees. Based on observations from two regions in Finland and three regions in the United States we report that trends of large trees during recent decades have been surprisingly variable among regions. In southern Finland, the growing stock volume of trees larger than 30 cm at breast height increased nearly five-fold during the second half of the 20th century, yet more recently ceased to expand. In the United States, large hardwood trees have become increasingly common in the Northeast since the 1950s, while large softwood trees declined until the mid 1990s as a consequence of harvests in the Pacific region, and then rebounded when harvesting there was reduced. We conclude that in the regions studied, the history of land use and forest management governs changes of the diameter-class distributions of tree populations. Large trees have significant benefits; for example, they can constitute a large proportion of the carbon stock and affect greatly the carbon density of forests. Large trees usually have deeper roots and long lifetimes. They affect forest structure and function and provide habitats for other species. An accumulating stock of large trees in existing forests may have negligible direct biophysical effects on climate through transpiration or forest albedo. Understanding changes in the demography of tree populations makes a contribution to estimating the past impact and future potential of forests in the global carbon budget and to assessing other ecosystem services of forests.
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10

Stansfield, Sally K., Charles H. Calisher, Ann R. Hunt, and William G. Winkler. "Antibodies to arboviruses in an Alaskan population at occupational risk of infection." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 34, no. 11 (November 1, 1988): 1213–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m88-213.

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A total of 435 United States Geological Survey and United States Forest Service workers in Alaska were studied for serologic evidence of past infections with four arboviruses known or suspected to be human pathogens. Of the personnel tested, 36 (8.3%) had the neutralizing antibody to Jamestown Canyon but not snowshoe hare virus, 6 (1.4%) had the antibody to snowshoe hare but not Jamestown Canyon virus, 53 (12.2%) had the antibody to both viruses, 17 (3.9%) had the antibody to Northway virus, and 15 (3.4%) had the antibody to Klamath virus. The indices most significantly correlated with presence of the Jamestown Canyon and snowshoe hare antibodies were the amount of field work (p < 0.0001 for both antibodies) and the duration of employment by the agencies (p < 0.0001 for Jamestown Canyon and 0.004 for snowshoe hare). The antibody to the four arboviruses also correlated strongly with a history of travel in certain remote or wilderness areas in Alaska (p values ranged from < 0.001 to 0.086).
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Дисертації з теми "United States. Forest Service – History"

1

Bennett, Cathy. "The U.S. Forest Service : business as usual." Scholarly Commons, 2003. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/583.

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There are two prevailing views today about our forests and natural resources. Both views are considered the "right" view, each position comprising a set of values by which we make decisions and choices about using our natural resources. The "dominant world view," is anthropocentric and agriculturally based, with a strong belief that we can "fix" environmental problems through the use of technology. The key result of this view is a belief in the efficiency of economic expansion and its continued growth. The second view maintains we are part of nature, not masters of it, and that we have developed an arrogant attitude toward nature, believing we have the right to do as we wish regardless of the consequences. The result of this view is a belief in the interconnectedness of all life, thus all life has rights. This work argues that the "dominant" worldview shaped the policies of the U.S. Forest Service (USFS). Consistent with this worldview, the USFS management. paradigm was to provide the greatest return, a commodity-driven focus. However, when public values changed towards a more ecocentric view, the USFS should have reevaluated its method of doing business. Instead, it remained entrenched in its management objective- timber production. After the courts enjoined the USFS against cutting in the Pacific Northwest, aftet struggling with confrontational environmentalists and increased activism within the agency, the USFS attempted to re-write its management paradigm. However even though the policy sounds eco-friendly, the USFS is still mandated by Congress, and forced by appropriations approved by Congress, to cut trees. Different ideologies are accommodated only when they do not conflict with economics. Thus, in spite of changing values, it is still business as usual.
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2

Ryan, Molly Michelle. "The house that Smokey built the Forest Service management of historic structures in wilderness /." Diss., [Missoula, Mont.] : The University of Montana, 2009. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-06252009-083658.

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3

Bennett, Cathy. "The U.S. Forest Service : business as usual : a thesis." Scholarly Commons, 2001. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/583.

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Анотація:
There are two prevailing views today about our forests and natural resources. Both views are considered the "right" view, each position comprising a set of values by which we make decisions and choices about using our natural resources. The "dominant world view," is anthropocentric and agriculturally based, with a strong belief that we can "fix" environmental problems through the use of technology. The key result of this view is a belief in the efficiency of economic expansion and its continued growth. The second view maintains we are part of nature, not masters of it, and that we have developed an arrogant attitude toward nature, believing we have the right to do as we wish regardless of the consequences. The result of this view is a belief in the interconnectedness of all life, thus all life has rights. This work argues that the "dominant" worldview shaped the policies of the U.S. Forest Service (USFS). Consistent with this worldview, the USFS management. paradigm was to provide the greatest return, a commodity-driven focus. However, when public values changed towards a more ecocentric view, the USFS should have reevaluated its method of doing business. Instead, it remained entrenched in its management objective- timber production. After the courts enjoined the USFS against cutting in the Pacific Northwest, aftet struggling with confrontational environmentalists and increased activism within the agency, the USFS attempted to re-write its management paradigm. However even though the policy sounds eco-friendly, the USFS is still mandated by Congress, and forced by appropriations approved by Congress, to cut trees. Different ideologies are accommodated only when they do not conflict with economics. Thus, in spite of changing values, it is still business as usual.
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4

Sinclair, Donna Lynn. "Caring for the Land, Serving People: Creating a Multicultural Forest Service in the Civil Rights Era." PDXScholar, 2015. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2463.

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This qualitative study of representative bureaucracy examines the extension and limitations of liberal democratic rights by connecting environmental and social history with policy, individual decision making, gender, race, and class in American history. It documents major cultural shifts in a homogeneous patriarchal organization, constraints, advancement, and the historical agency of women and minorities. "Creating a Multicultural Forest Service" identifies a relationship between natural and human resources and tells a story of expanding and contracting civil liberties that shifted over time from women and people of color to include the differently-abled and LGBT communities. It includes oral history as a key to uncovering individual decision points, relational networks, organizational activism, and human/nature relations to shape meaningful explanations of historical institutional change. With gender and race as primary categories, this inquiry forms a history that is critical to understanding federal bureaucratic efforts to meet workforce diversity goals in natural resource organizations.
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5

Shackelford, Philip Clayton. "On the Wings of the Wind: The United States Air Force Security Service and Its Impact on Signals Intelligence in the Cold War." Kent State University Honors College / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ksuhonors1399284818.

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6

Bilger, Kristie A. "The Women's Army Corps and Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service a fashioning of American womanhood and citizenship /." Bowling Green, Ohio : Bowling Green State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=bgsu1256571475.

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7

Pinto, Robin Lothrop. "Cattle Grazing in the National Parks: Historical Development and History of Management in Three Southern Arizona Parks." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3625734.

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This dissertation traces the history of cattle grazing at Saguaro NP, Organ Pipe Cactus NM and Fort Bowie NHS in southern Arizona. This collection of studies examines the factors affecting that use, the ranchers who made their living from the landscape, and the federal land managers responsible for sustaining the natural and cultural resources.

A dominant industry on arid public lands since the Civil War, grazing was altered by a variety of influences: environmental and human-derived. Ranching communities developed from homesteading settlements. Success was determined by climate, topography, and natural resources; social and cultural pressures; economic events and political legislation; and later federal regulations and decisions.

The first agency to oversee grazing, USFS was under constant pressure to maximize short-term human benefits. The NPS Organic Act of 1916 mandated conservation of natural resources "by such means as will leave them unimpaired for future generations" and yet approved cattle grazing, an extractive use, under USFS management. Park managers were frustrated by grazing practices not under their control. Parks were at a cultural and social disadvantage. Residents and politicians often expressed displeasure at park reservations; communities feared that parks would interfere with local industries.

Park employees supervised visitors and developed recreation infrastructure; they came with little experience to manage livestock. Lack of funding for research, limited manpower, and political and administrative interference allowed cattle grazing to continue unregulated for decades altering vegetation and enhancing erosion. In the 1960s, changing values from the environmental movement, the waning power of the livestock industry, and the rise of activist scientists impelled NPS to act. Without monitoring data, NPS turned to legal opinions to terminate grazing.

Now grazing is regulated and carefully monitored. NPS is mandated to incorporate research results into management decisions. Older grazing permits are being retired, but land acquisitions for park additions add new management challenges. Purchasing permits offers a new but financially limited opportunity to protect sensitive lands. Grazing has ended at all three parks, yet ecological changes and historic structures remain. As cultural and administrative legacies, those remnants offer opportunities to interpret a significant regional tradition and an untold controversy.

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8

Shackelford, Philip Clayton. "Fighting for Air: Cold War Reorganization and the U.S. Air Force Security Service, 1945-1952." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1461432022.

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9

Leifer, Nancy Leigh. "Democratic Administration in the United States Forest Service." The University of Montana, 2008. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-09202007-123734/.

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Pluralism, the dominant theory in citizen involvement in the United States Forest Service since the 1950s, has prolonged the process of determining the public interest by promoting the use of appeals and lawsuits. The advent of more collaborative public involvement strategies in the past fifteen years offers the opportunity to assess whether participatory democracy offers a better paradigm for determining the public interest. This research focused on four cases of reported successful collaboration in Region One of the Forest Service and involved in-person interviews with 17 Forest Service officials and 24 citizen and interest group leaders. The researcher translated pluralist and participatory democracy paradigms into characteristic human actions and behavior in the setting of Forest Service public involvement, then analyzed reported actions and behaviors accordingly. Interviewees were asked to choose between two contrasting descriptions of group culture to characterize interactions with the Forest Service, one drawn from the rational choice model in the pluralist paradigm, the other from collaborative literature in the participatory democracy paradigm. Collaboration was rejected as a term for analysis because it lacked specific definition among both Forest Service and public interviewees. Instead, the researcher analyzed the cases using characteristics of participatory democracy drawn from civic republican theorists that also encompassed the characteristics contained in textbook descriptions of collaboration. Two of the cases had all characteristics and provided empirical examples of participatory democracy at work. Another of the cases used stakeholder negotiation that contained some of the aspects of participatory democracy, but lacked the characteristics of being voluntary and of fostering a sense of community. The last case used informed consent and was found to be a combination of participatory culture and synoptic administration. Based on these cases, the researcher concluded that public involvement that uses a participatory democracy paradigm has the potential to increase public trust in the Forest Service and to minimize appeals and lawsuits by creating strong diverse support for Forest Service decisions. The research also examined characteristics of the leadership in the cases and found trust and integrity to be essential to creating a participatory democracy paradigm.
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Hirt, Paul Wayne. "A conspiracy of optimism: Sustained yield, multiple use, and intensive management on the national forests, 1945-1991." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185680.

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This is a historical study of the intersection of political economy with natural resources management, as played out on the national forests between 1945-1991. Specifically, it focuses on two core national forest management policies; sustained yield and multiple use. These two policy directives represent an attempt by the public and elected officials to apply principles of sustainable development to publicly-owned forest lands, and to ensure that a wide variety of both market and nonmarket forest values are preserved for the benefit of present and future generations. Interest groups, the Forest Service, and policy makers have conceived of sustained yield and multiple use in different and evolving ways over the years. This study explores how these principles have been variously defined and either implemented or thwarted. After World War Two, with escalating demands on national forest resources, the U.S. Forest Service turned to "intensive management" as a technological method of enhancing natural forest productivity and mitigating the environmental effects of increased use. But the agency's optimistic vision of efficient, sustained production of forest commodities through technical mastery over nature has met overwhelming fiscal, environmental, technical, and political obstacles. Nevertheless, agency leaders, industry advocates, and politicians have consistently promulgated an optimistic faith that intensive applications of labor, capital, and technology can maximize and harmonize multiple uses, rehabilitate damaged resources, and sustain high levels of outputs in perpetuity--despite repeated failures to achieve balanced multiple use management and to manage grazing and timber extraction at sustainable levels. The conspiracy of optimism ideologically justifies continued unsustainably high levels of resource extraction. Changing public values since the 1960s and the popularization of ecology have initiated a growing skepticism toward the premises of intensive management. At the same time, field level forest managers have grown frustrated with top-down imposition of resource production quotas and the lack of adequate political, fiscal, and organizational support for sound forest management. As the last old growth forests fall to the chainsaw, and as the federal subsidies required to access these remote timber stands on the national forests escalate, public controversy deepens. In this decade of the national forest centennial a revolt of conscience has erupted among grassroots Forest Service personnel, and a strong challenge from the environmental community has gained momentum. Another major period of policy evaluation and revision appears to be taking place. Whether the conspiracy of optimism can continue to sustain the old status quo is questionable.
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Книги з теми "United States. Forest Service – History"

1

Joslin, Les. Ponderosa promise: A history of U.S. Forest Service research in central Oregon. Portland, OR: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 2007.

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2

Bramwell, Lincoln. Forest management for all: State and private forestry in the U.S. Forest Service. Durham, North Carolina: Forest History Society, 2013.

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3

Clary, David A. Timber and the Forest Service. Lawrence, Kan: University Press of Kansas, 1986.

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4

Service, United States Forest, ed. Voices of the forest: A collection of memories from the Colville National Forest and the US Forest Service. Washington, DC]: [U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service], 2008.

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5

Williams, Gerald W. The Forest Service: Fighting for public lands. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press, 2007.

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6

Strausberg, Stephen F. The Ouachita and Ozark-St. Francis National Forests, a history of the lands and USDA Forest Service tenure. [Asheville, N.C.]: United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station, 1997.

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7

Strausberg, Stephen F. The Ouachita and Ozark-St. Francis National Forests, a history of the lands and USDA Forest Service tenure. [Asheville, NC]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station, 1997.

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Strausberg, Stephen F. The Ouachita and Ozark-St. Francis National Forests, a history of the lands and USDA Forest Service tenure. [Asheville, N.C.]: United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station, 1997.

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9

The U.S. Forest Service: An overview. Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, 2009.

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10

Arnold, R. Keith. View from the top: Forest Service research. Durham, N.C: Forest History Society, 1994.

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Частини книг з теми "United States. Forest Service – History"

1

Abrams, Jesse. "Late 20th-Century Forest History." In Forest Policy and Governance in the United States, 51–71. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003043669-4.

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2

Abt, Karen L., Jeffrey P. Prestemon, and Krista Gebert. "Forecasting Wildfire Suppression Expenditures for the United States Forest Service." In The Economics of Forest Disturbances, 341–60. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4370-3_17.

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3

Damon-Moore, Helen. "The History of Women and Service in the United States:." In Practice Of Change, 47–55. New York: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003446415-6.

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4

Will-Wolf, S. "Monitoring Regional Status and Trends in Forest Health with Lichen Communities: The United States Forest Service Approach." In Monitoring with Lichens — Monitoring Lichens, 353–57. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0423-7_34.

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5

McGuire, Frederick L. "Enter the Medical Service Corps." In Psychology aweigh! A history of clinical psychology in the United States Navy, 1900-1988., 49–53. Washington: American Psychological Association, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/10069-006.

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6

Mayfield, Albert E., Steven J. Seybold, Wendell R. Haag, M. Tracy Johnson, Becky K. Kerns, John C. Kilgo, Daniel J. Larkin, et al. "Impacts of Invasive Species in Terrestrial and Aquatic Systems in the United States." In Invasive Species in Forests and Rangelands of the United States, 5–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45367-1_2.

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AbstractThe introduction, establishment, and spread of invasive species in terrestrial and aquatic environments is widely recognized as one of the most serious threats to the health, sustainability, and productivity of native ecosystems (Holmes et al. 2009; Mack et al. 2000; Pyšek et al. 2012; USDA Forest Service 2013). In the United States, invasive species are the second leading cause of native species endangerment and extinction, and their costs to society have been estimated at $120 billion annually (Crowl et al. 2008; Pimentel et al. 2000, 2005). These costs include lost production and revenue from agricultural and forest products, compromised use of waterways and terrestrial habitats, harm to human and animal health, reduced property values and recreational opportunities, and diverse costs associated with managing (e.g., monitoring, preventing, controlling, and regulating) invasive species (Aukema et al. 2011; Pimentel et al. 2005). The national significance of these economic, ecological, and social impacts in the United States has prompted various actions by both legislative and executive branches of the Federal Government (e.g., the Nonindigenous Aquatic Nuisance Prevention and Control Act of 1990; the Noxious Weed Control and Eradication Act of 2002; Executive Order 13112 of 1999, amended in 2016).
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7

Machnik, Lisa K., Justin Ewer, and Jonathan Erickson. "The Use of Spatial Technology in United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service Wilderness Recreation Site Surveys." In Mapping Wilderness, 55–68. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-7399-7_4.

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8

Reeves, Matt, Inés Ibáñez, Dana Blumenthal, Gang Chen, Qinfeng Guo, Catherine Jarnevich, Jennifer Koch, et al. "Tools and Technologies for Quantifying Spread and Impacts of Invasive Species." In Invasive Species in Forests and Rangelands of the United States, 243–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45367-1_11.

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AbstractThe need for tools and technologies for understanding and quantifying invasive species has never been greater. Rates of infestation vary on the species or organism being examined across the United States, and notable examples can be found. For example, from 2001 to 2003 alone, ash (Fraxinus spp.) mortality progressed at a rate of 12.97 km year −1 (Siegert et al. 2014), and cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) is expected to increase dominance on 14% of Great Basin rangelands (Boyte et al. 2016). The magnitude and scope of problems that invasive species present suggest novel approaches for detection and management are needed, especially those that enable more cost-effective solutions. The advantages of using technologically advanced approaches and tools are numerous, and the quality and quantity of available information can be significantly enhanced by their use. They can also play a key role in development of decision-support systems; they are meant to be integrated with other systems, such as inventory and monitoring, because often the tools are applied after a species of interest has been detected and a threat has been identified. In addition, the inventory systems mentioned in Chap. 10.1007/978-3-030-45367-1_10 are regularly used in calibrating and validating models and decision-support systems. For forested areas, Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) data are most commonly used (e.g., Václavík et al. 2015) given the long history of the program. In non-forested systems, national inventory datasets have not been around as long (see Chap. 10.1007/978-3-030-45367-1_10), but use of these data to calibrate and validate spatial models is growing. These inventory datasets include the National Resources Inventory (NRI) (e.g., Duniway et al. 2012) and the Assessment Inventory and Monitoring program (AIM) (e.g., McCord et al. 2017). Similarly, use of the Nonindigenous Aquatic Species (NAS) database is growing as well (e.g., Evangelista et al. 2017). The consistent protocols employed by these programs prove valuable for developing better tools, but the data they afford are generally limited for some tools because the sampling intensity is too low.
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9

Shackelford, Scott J., and Scott O. Bradner. "Regulating Online Speech." In Forks in the Digital Road, 99–114. Oxford University PressNew York, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197617762.003.0005.

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Abstract This chapter offers a brief history of online speech regulation in the United States and how it shaped the road to Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act (CDA), which is the now (in)famous “twenty-six words that created the Internet,” according to Jeff Kosseff. Those 26 words released Internet service providers and web-hosting companies from legal responsibility for information their customers posted or shared online, provided protections to websites that decided to moderate their communities, and provided legal security that allowed U.S. tech firms to flourish. That protection allowed companies to feel comfortable creating a consumer-focused Internet filled with grassroots media outlets, bloggers, customer reviews, and user-generated content. However, Section 230 also allows social media sites to operate largely without regulation, which has fueled a wave of disinformation. This chapter analyzes widespread misinformation and disinformation online and how an array of countries around the world are dealing with the fallout.
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10

Congdon, Lee. "For a Mature Foreign Policy." In George Kennan for Our Time, 27–53. Cornell University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501765186.003.0003.

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This chapter traces the history of American foreign policy from the realism and restraint of George Washington and Alexander Hamilton to the moralizing interventionism of Woodrow Wilson and his successors. It places George Kennan squarely in the realist camp and identifies the principles that informed his teachings and guided his conduct during long years in the Foreign Service. Kennan recommended to US diplomats and to the American people a foreign policy devoid of messianic tendencies and of any belief that the United States has answers to everybody else's problems. A mature foreign policy would be restrained and cognizant of the realities of power in the relations between states. Such realities, Kennan argued in his Chicago lectures, should be accepted “without feeling the obligation of moral judgment, to take them as existing and inalterable human forces, neither good or bad, and to seek their point of maximum equilibrium rather than their reform or their repression.” Ultimately, he advocated a balance-of-power rather than a legalistic approach to international problems.
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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "United States. Forest Service – History"

1

Shepard, M. J. "Laser Shock Processing: Applications and Future Trends in U.S. Air Force Service." In ASME 2005 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2005-71796.

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To date, the United States Air Force is the largest end-user of laser shock processing services. Laser shock processing (LSP) is in successful day-to-day service and production for several USAF engine lines for increased foreign object damage tolerance. In this application LSP has yielded substantial increases in foreign object damage tolerance along with associated increases in safety. The history and current application of laser shock processing for US Air Force applications will be reviewed. Current and future USAF applications of laser shock processing and other surface treatments will be reviewed.
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2

Hauck, Paul L., Anthony M. LoRe, and Kevin Trytek. "Has the Time Come for More Publicly Operated WTE Facilities in the United States?" In 19th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec19-5416.

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When the current generation of U.S. waste-to-energy (WTE) facilities was developed during the 1980s and early 1990s, there were a large number of companies competing to design, build, operate and maintain them under a long term contract. Over the years, almost all of these firms have left the WTE business for a variety of reasons leaving essentially only two U.S. firms actively competing for renewed operating and maintenance (O&M) contracts for publicly owned WTE facilities. This consolidation has significantly reduced the level of competition for public owners who are interested in rebidding their WTE O&M contracts at the end of their initial or extended terms and, as a result, has the potential to increase the cost of service. Consolidation has likewise reduced the level of competition for potential new WTE projects in the U.S. This paper reviews the history of public sector operation of WTE facilities in the U.S., the unique challenges presented by public operation and whether it is time for more public owners to consider this alternative for existing WTE facilities in light of the lack of competition by private operating companies. Perceived risks and impediments to public operation of WTE facilities and suggestions on how to overcome them are presented as well as the benefits and opportunities available to public owners. The keys to a successful public WTE operating venture are also discussed based on the experiences of ecomaine, a consortium of 21 member municipalities in southern Maine that have operated and maintained their own 550 ton per day (tpd) WTE facility for more than 20 years. Public versus private operating practices for European WTE facilities are also explored as well as public ownership and operation of new WTE facilities including those based on alternative or emerging technologies.
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3

Donohue, Brian P. "Review of Passenger Railroad EMU and MU Rolling Stock in the US and Canada – Part I, New York State Region." In 2024 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2024-122275.

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Abstract Since the invention of the first electrified, self-propelled rail vehicles by Siemens & Halske in 1879 followed by the pioneering innovations of Frank Sprague starting in 1886, self-propelled, passenger, electric traction rail vehicles have evolved into an amazing variety of use cases, shapes and sizes to the present date. With the amelioration of each generation, the electrical and mechanical engineering disciplines have developed a high degree of cooperation and integration to what has evolved into a seamless systems approach that allows agencies and railroads to enjoy record breaking, yet safe commuter and short-haul passenger railroad service with an array of amenities and technical advancements. The core of these rail vehicles are and were humble looking Electric Multiple Unit (EMU) (also referred to as Multiple Unit (MU)) trains that unceremoniously ply the rails around major cities with hundreds of daily riders on board. These otherwise, non-descript vehicles often have mundane identifications such as “MP-54” or “M-9.” Once in a while, one of these workhorses garners brief notoriety that leads to a full name such as “Metroliner.” But these full names, more often than not, are simply duplicated by analogy much in the same way the term “Watergate” has been overused. The identification of each fleet and the uniqueness / advancements that each have brought to the passenger rail industry since 1904 is the goal of this paper series. This paper is the first in a short series that will present a simple historic review of the electric, self-propelled railroad vehicles (EMUs) that were or are currently in service in the United States and Canada. The review begins with the transition away from wooden cars when steel cars were necessary by design. These early cars helped to define the EMU (and MU) benchmark and how they differ from other rail rolling stock of the early 1900s such as elevated / subway cars, interurbans, and locomotive-drawn coach cars. Regulation was part of the progress, but ever-increasingly heavy passenger, mail and cargo loads, tunnel designs and general progress of design evolution helped to define this classification of rolling stock that eventually has folded into the United States-defined FRA (Federal Railroad Administration) Tier 1 passenger fleet. This first paper will begin with a focus on EMUs of the New York State region, starting with Long Island and Westchester, New York branch lines. A future, second history paper will feature equipment from the States of Connecticut and New Jersey. The third history paper will feature equipment serving the cities of Philadelphia and Chicago. And the fourth and final history paper will feature other regions of the United States and Canada.
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Holmes, R. "Safety Management Systems for Offshore Energy - We Can Learn from Each Other." In Offshore Technology Conference Brasil. OTC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/32818-ms.

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Abstract For more than a decade, the Center for Offshore Safety, established by the American Petroleum Institute (API), has been at the forefront of promoting safety, environmental protection, operational integrity and risk management on the United States Outer Continental Shelf. Since its creation, the COS has driven advancements in offshore safety by fostering effective leadership, communication, teamwork, disciplined management systems and independent third-party auditing and certification. Membership includes oil and gas producers, drillers, service and supply companies, regulators, academia, and other industry stakeholders. To truly understand the significance of COS and its mission, a short look back at the industry's history is helpful.
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5

Mira Rico, Juan Antonio. "Defensive architecture and heritage education: analysis of the National Park Service and Parks Canada actions." In HERITAGE2022 International Conference on Vernacular Heritage: Culture, People and Sustainability. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/heritage2022.2022.15263.

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Defensive architecture is a heritage typology of great interest for society due to various reasons, such as its monumentality, history, beauty or ability to fascinate thanks to cinema, literature or television. Like other cultural assets, its management is based on research, preservation, restoration, didactics, dissemination and participation following current approaches. In this sense, heritage education plays a fundamental role since it is a tool that connects cultural heritage with people. This fact becomes a key aspect to guarantee its knowledge, preservation, use and enjoyment over time. This paper will analyse the actions on heritage education of the National Park Service (United States of America) and Parks Canada which are focused on defensive architecture. Both offices have been chosen because they manage examples of defensive architecture and are world leaders in heritage education. Therefore, the main purpose is to know their actions and make proposals for the Spanish context. This is an interesting fact because Spain has a rich and varied defensive architecture but heritage education still has little presence, which is surprising because heritage education favours society commitment when preserving cultural heritage. To this end, the qualitative work methodology will be used, specifically the analysis technique applied to the contents of the National Park Service and Parks Canada web pages.
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6

Sakai, Hajar. "Machine Learning Approaches for Stroke Classification." In 2023 IISE Annual Conference & Expo. Curran Associates, Inc., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21872/2023iise_1127.

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Stroke is known for being one of the severe silent diseases that cause sudden death. It may as well cause permanent disabilities and also shorten the patient's life expectancy. Its related number of occurrences keeps increasing in the United States which makes it a threatening medical emergency for which healthcare providers need a decision support tool. All these reasons aggregated are the motive behind this research. The prognosis of stroke disease can be improved promptly such that its early detection will increase the probability of getting cured easily or being identified at risk for urgent care. Therefore, an analytical approach is suggested for support. Multiple machine learning algorithms are applied and compared using a dataset recording 5110 patients, 5% of them with stroke history. They include Logistic Regression, two Tree-based Algorithms, Linear Discriminant Analysis, and Multilayer Perceptron. The dataset comprises variables describing the physiological features of a patient such as the Body Mass Index (BMI), and the average glucose level as well as information related to the patient’s clinical history. As a result, Random Forest outperforms the others in terms of both Accuracy (94%) and F1-score (92%). While Logistic Regression and Linear Discriminant Analysis equally show the best results in terms of AUC score (84%).
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7

Smith, Clayton T., Peter den Boer, and Lonnie Corley. "The Use of TOFD for Enhancement of HDPE Pipe Fusion Inspection." In 17th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone17-75997.

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HDPE piping has been historically used in place of steels in petrochemical, power, and mining industries to mitigate corrosion and erosion issues. Additionally as HDPE pipe is resistant to Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (MIC) and fouling, it appears to be a perfect fit for nuclear safety related cooling water applications. To this end, HDPE was first used in an ASME Class 3 emergency service water system, in 2005 at Sizewell B, operated by British Energy, in the United Kingdom. The long successful history of non-nuclear HDPE pipe operating experience along with the successful operation at Sizewell B and other non-safety related nuclear applications has now resulted in the first use of HDPE pipe for a safety related class 3 application in the United States nuclear industry at the AmerenUE-Callaway nuclear power plant. The application of nuclear quality assurance requirements coupled with stringent procurement, manufacturing and fabrication controls create a reasonable assurance that the production fusion joint should be sound; using Ultrasonic Time of Flight Diffraction (TOFD) inspection of the fusion joints is a volumetric, nondestructive examination tool available to provide additional assurance of the fusion joint integrity.
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8

A. Lipinski, Tomas. "To Speak or Not to Speak: Developing Legal Standards for Anonymous Speech on the Internet." In 2002 Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/2526.

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This paper explores recent developments in the regulation of Internet speech, in specific, injurious or defamatory speech and the impact such speech has on the rights of anonymous speakers to remain anonymous as opposed to having their identity revealed to plaintiffs or other third parties. The paper proceeds in four sections. First, a brief history of the legal attempts to regulate defamatory Internet speech in the United States is presented. As discussed below this regulation has altered the traditional legal paradigm of responsibility and as a result creates potential problems for the future of anonymous speech on the Internet. As a result plaintiffs are no longer pursuing litigation against service providers but taking their dispute directly to the anonymous speaker. Second, several cases have arisen in the United States where plaintiffs have requested the identity of the anonymous Internet speaker be revealed. These cases are surveyed. Third, the cases are analyzed in order to determine the factors that courts require to be present before the identity of an anonymous speaker will be revealed. The release is typically accomplished by the enforcement of a discovery subpoena issued by the moving party. The factors courts have used are as follows: jurisdiction, good faith (both internal and external), necessity (basic and sometimes absolute), and at times proprietary interest. Finally, these factors are applied in three scenarios—e-commerce, education, and employment—to guide institutions when adopting policies that regulate when the identity of an anonymous speaker— a customer, a student or an employee—would be released as part of an internal initiative, but would nonetheless be consistent with developing legal standards.
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9

Albert, Blace C., and A. O¨zer Arnas. "Integration of Gas Turbine Education in an Undergraduate Thermodynamics Course." In ASME Turbo Expo 2002: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2002-30153.

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The mission of the United States Military Academy (USMA) is “To educate, train, and inspire the Corps of Cadets so that each graduate is a commissioned leader of character committed to the values of Duty, Honor, Country; professional growth throughout a career as an officer in the United States Army; and a lifetime of selfless service to the nation.” [1] In order to accomplish this mission, USMA puts their cadets through a 47-month program that includes a variety of military training, and college courses totaling about 150 credit-hours. Upon completion of the program, cadets receive a Bachelor of Science degree and become Second Lieutenants in the United States Army. A very unique aspect of the academic program at USMA is that each cadet is required to take a minimum of five engineering classes regardless of their major or field of study. This means that about 500 cadets will have taken the one-semester course in thermodynamics. The thermodynamics course taught at USMA is different from others throughout the country because within every class there is a mixture of cadets majoring in engineering and those that are in other majors, i.e. languages, history [2]. Topics on gas turbine machinery have been integrated into this unique thermodynamics course. Because the cadets will encounter gas turbines throughout their service in the Army, we feel that it is important for all of the students, not just engineering majors, to learn about gas turbines, their operation, and their applications. This is accomplished by four methods. The first is in a classroom environment. Cadets learn how actual gas turbines work, how to model them, and learn how to solve problems. Thermodynamics instructors have access to several actual gas turbines used in military applications to aid in cadet learning. The second method occurs in the laboratory where cadets take measurements and analyze an operational auxiliary power unit (APU) from an Army helicopter. The third method occurs in the form of a design project. The engineering majors redesign the cogeneration plant that exists here at West Point. Many of them use a topping cycle in this design. The final method is a capstone design project. During the 2001–02 academic year, three cadets are improving the thermodynamic laboratories. Among their tasks are designing a new test stand for the APU, increasing the benefit of the gas turbine laboratory through more student interaction, and designing a web-based gas turbine pre-laboratory instruction to compliment the actual laboratory exercise.
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10

Canilang, Benjamin, and James Hampshire. "Refined Operating Profile Generation for Air Cushion Vehicles." In ASME Turbo Expo 2010: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2010-23488.

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This paper examines the utilization of Landing Craft, Air Cushion (LCAC) historical operational data, empirical knowledge and emergent lifecycle topics to refine the operational profile of LCAC and other air cushion vehicles. Since 1986, the United States Navy’s (USN) LCAC vehicle has accumulated sizeable operational hours in a unique and rigorous environment. Such a distinctive operating environment prohibits singular application of a surface ship or aircraft operational profile. Addressing emergent lifecycle issues, such as fleet wide main engine 4th nozzle failures, the need for a refined operating profile has been identified. Presently, all component life limit forecasting and inspection criterion are dictated by an antiquated notional operating profile, which utilize inadequate cycling assumptions. Furthermore, existing practice records total operational hours and main engine start data. Neither variable correspond to cyclic data. Improved accuracy of the mission profile will assist in drive-train component life limit assessment and critical inspection criteria. This paper will expand upon generation of a refined operation profile tailored to air cushion vehicle operation based upon service history, mission requirements and testing.
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Звіти організацій з теми "United States. Forest Service – History"

1

Caputo, Jesse, Brett J. Butler, Sarah M. Butler, Amanda Robillard, Emma M. Sass, Marla Markowski-Lindsay, and Andrew J. Hartsell. Corporate forest ownerships of the United States, 2018: results from the USDA Forest Service, National Woodland Owner Survey. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/nrs-gtr-216.

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Loeffler, Dan, Stu Hoyt, and Nathaniel Anderson. Production rates for United States Forest Service brush disposal planning in the northern Rocky Mountains. Ft. Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/rmrs-gtr-358.

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3

Loeffler, Dan, Stu Hoyt, and Nathaniel Anderson. Production rates for United States Forest Service brush disposal planning in the northern Rocky Mountains. Ft. Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/rmrs-gtr-358.

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4

Schey, Stephen, Jim Francfort, and Ian Nienhueser. AVTA Federal Fleet PEV Readiness Data Logging and Characterization Study for the United States Forest Service: Caribou-Targhee National Forest. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1164859.

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Oswalt, Sonja N., W. Brad Smith, Patrick D. Miles, and Scott A. Pugh. Forest Resources of the United States, 2012: a technical document supporting the Forest Service 2010 update of the RPA Assessment. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/wo-gtr-91.

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6

Joyce, Linda A., David T. Price, David P. Coulson, Daniel W. McKenney, R. Martin Siltanen, Pia Papadopol, and Kevin Lawrence. Projecting climate change in the United States: A technical document supporting the Forest Service RPA 2010 Assessment. Ft. Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/rmrs-gtr-320.

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7

Anderson, N., J. Young, K. Stockmann, K. Skog, S. Healey, D. Loeffler, J. G. Jones, and J. Morrison. Regional and forest-level estimates of carbon stored in harvested wood products from the United States Forest Service Northern Region, 1906-2010. Ft. Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/rmrs-gtr-311.

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8

Mockrin, Miranda H., Richard A. Aiken, and Curtis H. Flather. Wildlife-associated recreation trends in the United States: a technical document supporting the Forest Service 2010 RPA Assessment. Ft. Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/rmrs-gtr-293.

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Mitchell, John E. Rangeland resource trends in the United States: A technical document supporting the 2000 USDA Forest Service RPA Assessment. Ft. Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/rmrs-gtr-68.

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10

Wear, David N., Robert Huggett, Ruhong Li, Benjamin Perryman, and Shan Liu. Forecasts of forest conditions in regions of the United States under future scenarios: a technical document supporting the Forest Service 2010 RPA Assessment. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/srs-gtr-170.

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