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Статті в журналах з теми "Unit process level"
1
Bray, KA. "Planning at the unit level." Critical Care Nurse 9, no. 6 (July 1, 1989): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/ccn1989.9.6.21.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In recent years, management responsibilities at the unit level have expanded considerably. In this evolution of the nurse-manager role, the importance of the planning process in the overall productivity and success of the unit has gained widespread acceptance. To meet the challenges of today's health care climate, the nurse manager and the unit staff must have a clear understanding of what our business is, what it should be, and finally, depending on the plans developed, what it will be.
2
Montanari, John R., and Jeffrey S. Bracker. "The strategic management process at the public planning unit level." Strategic Management Journal 7, no. 3 (May 1986): 251–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smj.4250070306.
Повний текст джерела
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Illés, Béla, and Gabriella Bognár. "On the Multi-Level Unit Load Formation Model." Key Engineering Materials 581 (October 2013): 519–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.581.519.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
One of the most important issues in storage and transport processes is the formation of unit loads. Our main goal is to investigate the homogeneous and multi-level unit load formation cases. We give a model involving the major factors and parameters of the unit load formations. The optimization process is introduced using the formulated objective functions and constraints related to the basic tasks. The aim of the optimization process is to maximize the volume of goods that can fit into the unit load formation equipment.
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Linnala, Mikko, and Jari Hämäläinen. "PAPER PHYSICS. Bi-level optimization in papermaking process design." Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal 27, no. 4 (November 1, 2012): 774–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3183/npprj-2012-27-04-p774-782.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Model-based optimization is a sophisticated design tool for papermaking processes. In this paper, the method is extended from the unit process design and single-level optimization to the simultaneaus design of the process structure and operations. This is enabled by using a bi-level optimization formulation which allows to avoid unnecessary iterations between the process and automation designs. The bi-level optimization approach is studied here from the perspective of multiobj ective optimization and decision making. The method is illustrated by a case study in which the broke and water system structures and the papermaking process operations are optimized simultaneously.
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Amar, Titus Do, and Sarma Haning. "Contextual learning in the education unit level curriculum faces obstacles." International Journal of Curriculum Development, Teaching and Learning Innovation 1, no. 1 (November 30, 2022): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.35335/curriculum.v1i1.52.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study examined Indonesia's education unit level adoption of the Contextual Teaching and Learning approach and its supportive and limiting elements. In the Education Unit Level Curriculum, Contextual Teaching and Learning works well. To make learning more relevant and the Education Unit Level Curriculum implementation successful, implementation must be context-based. The Unit Level Curriculum must match students, educators, learning media, the environment, and their natural traits. Because this must follow the method to attain educational goals. Thus, Contextual Teaching and Learning depends on the Education Unit Level Curriculum. To support and balance each other, the Unit Level Curriculum socialization process for instructors must function properly. If the Education Unit Level Curriculum implementation goes successfully, the Contextual Teaching and Learning approach will be the same
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Cai, Miao Miao. "Based on Adaptive Control in the Process of the Liquid Level Instrumentation Control System Design." Advanced Materials Research 605-607 (December 2012): 1692–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.605-607.1692.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
On complex process control frequently encountered in nonlinear, inertia big, delay time longer phenomenon, is put forward based on adaptive control in the process of the liquid level instrumentation control let more model, hardware design on the input signal processing channel unit, regulators unit, output signal processing channel of unit, use control system has the deviation of the signal, may make the output of the best control signal. The control mode can not dependent on the mathematical model of the object, can be applied to many order, nonlinear, multivariate occasion. This paper provides the simulation model, and the simulation results show that the system has to level good robustness and controlling, and the controller is simple and relatively easy to implement, and has the obvious engineering application value.
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Zhou, Qiu Zhong, and Hao Yu Zha. "Multi-Level BOP Based Assembly Process Data Organization Model." Advanced Materials Research 186 (January 2011): 292–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.186.292.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
To deeply promote the digital enterprise construction, it’s necessary to provide an assembly process data organization model which meet all the requirements of product design and production management. Assembly process data requirement was analyzed on the basis of reference the foreign and internal research achievement. Then an idea of multi-level assembly process flow was proposed by analyzing the procedure of product design and production. At the same time, Multi-level BOP based assembly process data model which fit all the requirement of assembly procedure was constructed through the analyzing of material flow and assembly resource relationship among each unit of assembly flow. In addition, data endorsement and application of this model in the work of product design, production plan and production prepare was expounded. Accordingly, the bridge and bond function resulted by this model between product design and production was certified.
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Laurijssen, Jobien, André Faaij, and Ernst Worrell. "Benchmarking energy use in the paper industry: a benchmarking study on process unit level." Energy Efficiency 6, no. 1 (July 13, 2012): 49–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12053-012-9163-9.
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Ali, Anwer, and Mofeed Rashid. "Design PI Controller for Tank Level in Industrial Process." Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering 18, no. 1 (March 5, 2022): 82–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.37917/ijeee.18.1.10.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In today’s chemical, refinery, and petrochemical sectors, separation tanks are one of the most significant separating processes. One or more separation tanks must operate consistently and reliably for multiple facilities’ safe and efficient operation. Therefore, in this paper, a PI controller unit has been designed to improve the performance of the tank level controller of the industrial process in Basrah Refinery Station. The overall system mathematical model has been derived and simulated by MATLAB to evaluate the performance. Further, to improve the performance of the tank level controller, optimal PI parameters should be calculated, which Closed-Loop PID Autotuner has been used for this task. Several experiments have been conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed system. The results indicated that the PI controller based on the Autotuner Method is superior to the conventional PI controller in terms of ease to implement and configuration also less time to get optimal PI gains.
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Atrinawati, L. H., E. Ramadhani, T. P. Fiqar, Y. T. Wiranti, A. I. N. F. Abdullah, H. M. J. Saputra, and D. B. Tandirau. "Assessment of Process Capability Level in University XYZ Based on COBIT 2019." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1803, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 012033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1803/1/012033.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract University XYZ is a state university in East Kalimantan, which established in 2014. All of its academic and non-academic activities are supported by information technology managed by the Information and Communication Technology Unit (ICT Unit). University XYZ implements an information technology governance system that aims to support the University XYZ business strategy and goals optimally. Information technology governance systems must be well managed to support business process activities in University XYZ. This study aims to evaluate the capability of information technology governance system using the COBIT 2019 framework. This study uses COBIT 2019 design tools and core model to evaluate University XYZ governance system, then provide assistance in determining a governance system that is adjusted to the COBIT 2019 capability level assessment. The result of this research is a recommendation of the core model or process and the capability level that must be implemented by University XYZ. This research will conclude that there are 11 Governance and Management Objectives that have a priority of more than 50%. This study conducts an evaluation phase of the core model or process so that recommendations are obtained for the development of information technology governance.
Дисертації з теми "Unit process level"
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Chiluvuri, Nayana Teja. "A Trusted Autonomic Architecture to Safeguard Cyber-Physical Control Leaf Nodes and Protect Process Integrity." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/56572.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cyber-physical systems are networked through IT infrastructure and susceptible to malware. Threats targeting process control are much more safety-critical than traditional computing systems since they jeopardize the integrity of physical infrastructure. Existing defence mechanisms address security at the network nodes but do not protect the physical infrastructure if network integrity is compromised. An interface guardian architecture is implemented on cyber-physical control leaf nodes to maintain process integrity by enforcing high-level safety and stability policies.
Preemptive detection schemes are implemented to monitor process behavior and anticipate malicious activity before process safety and stability are compromised. Autonomic properties are employed to automatically protect process integrity by initiating switch-over to a verified backup controller. Subsystems adhere to strict trust requirements safeguarding them from adversarial intrusion. The preemptive detection schemes, switch-over logic, backup controller, and process communication are all trusted components that are separated from the untrusted production controller.
The proposed architecture is applied to a rotary inverted pendulum experiment and implemented on a Xilinx Zynq-7000 configurable SoC. The leaf node implementation is integrated into a cyber-physical control topology. Simulated attack scenarios show strengthened resilience to both network integrity and reconfiguration attacks. Threats attempting to disrupt process behavior are successfully thwarted by having a backup controller maintain process stability. The system ensures both safety and liveness properties even under adversarial conditions.Master of Science
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LUNETTO, VINCENZO. "Energy efficiency and circular economy implications of additive manufacturing." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2897008.
Повний текст джерела
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Thnarudee, Chatchai. "Interaction dynamics of strategic planning within m-form based firms." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Management, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/6576.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A crucial limitation of research on strategic planning is that it has always viewed
strategic planning as a single process in a corporation. In practice, strategic
planning in complex multi-business corporations has evolved into a network of
multi-level and multi-unit strategic planning processes. This makes it challenging
for managers and strategists to undertake the activities needed to run those strategic
planning systems effectively. The interactions between strategy practitioners as
they enact those planning processes play a crucial role in determining effectiveness
of the planning process as a whole.
Therefore, this thesis is based on a conceptual framework that represents strategic
planning as a network of collaboration amongst quasi-independent processes taking
place across multiple levels and units. This thesis adopts an embedded design
within two in-depth case studies and one pilot case study to examine the
strategising activities, practices and interaction dynamics of strategic planning
within the M-form based firms. The result articulates the dynamics of strategy
practitioners’ interactions in a series of four generic interaction patterns: (1) the
Bilateral Scheme, (2) the Cohesive Facilitation Scheme, (3) the Ambassadorial
Coordination Scheme, and (4) the Supervisory Driven Scheme. The result also sheds
light on the extended roles of strategic planning within a multi-level and multi-unit
environment, and on how different actors contribute to the vertical and horizontal
aspects of strategic planning.
The findings of this research have implications for both theory and practice. This
thesis mainly contributes to strategy as practice perspective, strategic planning
literature, organisational theory, situated learning literature, sensemaking
perspective on practice, power theory, and agency theory. Theoretically, this study
introduces a new method for examining the practice of strategic planning based on
studying strategic planning links between practitioners representing horizontally as
well as vertically differentiated units. In doing so, I have represented strategic
planning as a multi-unit as well as a multi-level process, and hence have been able
to show how it operates as a network of collaborative relationships and activities.
This extends the view of strategic planning prevailing in the literature, which
portrays a largely hierarchical, vertically-based structure.
Practically, the results provide managers and practitioners with an illustration of
how different practitioner roles and managerial levels contribute in distinctive ways
to strategic planning from both horizontal and vertical perspectives. It is apparent
from my investigation of the case study firms that their planning and decentralised
decision-making mechanisms are linked together heterarchically as well as
hierarchically.
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Štoková, Daniela. "Postavení regionů v evropském integračním procesu." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-81936.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Over time, the position of the regions within the European integration process was gaining on significance. The emancipation processes of the 1970s and 1980s set off by advancing decentralization on one hand, and a wave of new regionalism on the other later evolved into a debate about a "Europe of the regions". Although it is obvious that this concept does not have a broad support any more, the regional level was able to seize the opportunity and secure itself a better position in the integration process -- not only as an object and instrument of EU policies, but also as another actor in the decision-making process. The aim of the thesis was to analyze the position of the regions in the European integration process as well as to deal with the topic in a broader theoretical perspective (regionalism, multi-level governance, paradiplomacy). To fulfill this aim the thesis answered following research questions: "What incited the debate about the Europe of the regions and what were the imminent outcomes of the debate?" "Which structures can the regions use to access the European policy level and what influences their efficiency?" and "To what extent are these structures used by Czech regions? Methods used to answer these research questions included analysis of available sources and literature, historical analysis and a survey.
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Teng, Sin Yong. "Intelligent Energy-Savings and Process Improvement Strategies in Energy-Intensive Industries." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-433427.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
S tím, jak se neustále vyvíjejí nové technologie pro energeticky náročná průmyslová odvětví, stávající zařízení postupně zaostávají v efektivitě a produktivitě. Tvrdá konkurence na trhu a legislativa v oblasti životního prostředí nutí tato tradiční zařízení k ukončení provozu a k odstavení. Zlepšování procesu a projekty modernizace jsou zásadní v udržování provozních výkonů těchto zařízení. Současné přístupy pro zlepšování procesů jsou hlavně: integrace procesů, optimalizace procesů a intenzifikace procesů. Obecně se v těchto oblastech využívá matematické optimalizace, zkušeností řešitele a provozní heuristiky. Tyto přístupy slouží jako základ pro zlepšování procesů. Avšak, jejich výkon lze dále zlepšit pomocí moderní výpočtové inteligence. Účelem této práce je tudíž aplikace pokročilých technik umělé inteligence a strojového učení za účelem zlepšování procesů v energeticky náročných průmyslových procesech. V této práci je využit přístup, který řeší tento problém simulací průmyslových systémů a přispívá následujícím: (i)Aplikace techniky strojového učení, která zahrnuje jednorázové učení a neuro-evoluci pro modelování a optimalizaci jednotlivých jednotek na základě dat. (ii) Aplikace redukce dimenze (např. Analýza hlavních komponent, autoendkodér) pro vícekriteriální optimalizaci procesu s více jednotkami. (iii) Návrh nového nástroje pro analýzu problematických částí systému za účelem jejich odstranění (bottleneck tree analysis – BOTA). Bylo také navrženo rozšíření nástroje, které umožňuje řešit vícerozměrné problémy pomocí přístupu založeného na datech. (iv) Prokázání účinnosti simulací Monte-Carlo, neuronové sítě a rozhodovacích stromů pro rozhodování při integraci nové technologie procesu do stávajících procesů. (v) Porovnání techniky HTM (Hierarchical Temporal Memory) a duální optimalizace s několika prediktivními nástroji pro podporu managementu provozu v reálném čase. (vi) Implementace umělé neuronové sítě v rámci rozhraní pro konvenční procesní graf (P-graf). (vii) Zdůraznění budoucnosti umělé inteligence a procesního inženýrství v biosystémech prostřednictvím komerčně založeného paradigmatu multi-omics.
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Walldén, Göran. "Lever vi som vi lär? : transportplaneringsprocessen ur ett teoretiskt och praktiskt perspektiv." Thesis, Swedish National Defence College, Swedish National Defence College, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-190.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Operation Atalanta är en EU gemensam marin operation utanför Somalias kust som syftar till att skydda Word Food Program sjötransporter från piratattacker i området. Försvarsmaktens styrkebidrag till operationen består i huvudsak av Internationella Korvettstyrkan (IKS) som innehåller korvetterna HMS Stockholm, HMS Malmö och stödfartyget HMS Trossö. Förbandet transporterades till insatsområdet med strategisk sjötransport. Att transportera svenska örlogs-fartyg på detta sätt är tämligen nytt inom marinen. Strategiska sjötransporter kräver framförhållning då sjötransportresurserna i vissa fall kan vara svårt att få tillgängliga på den tid som önskas. Därför har denna uppsats inriktats på transportplaneringen av operation Atalanta.
Uppsatsen syftar till att undersöka och jämföra teori med praktik där kvalitativ textanalys har ställts mot kvalitativa intervjuer. Genom en undersökning av transportplaneringen under operation Atalanta som jämförts med Handbok Försvarsmaktens Transporter Grunder (H FM Tp Grunder) har skillnader identifieras. Dessa skillnader har senare värderas mot hur transportplanerings- processen följdes.
Processen har i denna uppsats begränsats till att undersöka de tre första delprocesserna, som författaren valt kalla för faser: inhämtning, bedömning och upphandling. Faserna används genomgående genom empirin där underaktiviteterna i respektive fas presenteras. Faktorer att beakta under planeringen är kostnadseffektivitet, tid och kvalitet. Dessa faktorers inverkan undersöks närmare i respektive fas.
Fallstudien visar att transportplaneringsprocessen inte följts enligt H FM Tp Grunder. Den främsta orsaken är tidsbrist som forcerat planeringen. Erfarenhet hos dem som varit involverade i planeringen har dock medgett att kontrollerade avsteg från processen kunnat göras.
Operation Atalanta is an EU combined maritime operation outside Somalia’s coasts. The main objective of the operation is to protect World Food Program sea transports in the area from pirate attacks. The Swedish Armed Forces has contributed with a maritime task force containing two corvettes and a supply ship. The ships were transported by a strategic sealift to area of operations. The knowledge of transporting Swedish naval vessels this way is limited due to lack of experience. Sea transports of this kind need to be planned with a long-term view due to the competitive situation on the sea transport market and the limitation of resources.
This essay is therefore focused on the planning process of the described transport where an investigation of theory and practice is done. The theory comes from an internal handbook which describes The Swedish Armed Forces planning process for military transports. This planning process will be compared to the case study, operation Atalanta in order to sort out differences. These differences will show how well the planning process was followed in this particular case.
The author has limited the planning process to involve three different stages in the planning process, these are: Information gathering, Assessment and Procurement and hereafter called phases. The stages will in time be set from the political directive to a sea transport has been procured. Different aspects are to be considered during the planning process. These are cost efficiency, time and quality. These aspects will be examined in each phase in order to investigate how they have affected the planning process.
The case study shows that the planning process has not been followed according to what the handbook describes. The main reason is the lack of time. The time has been a crucial factor which has driven the transport planning to make deviations. However this deviation has been done with good knowledge about the planning process thru experience.
Книги з теми "Unit process level"
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McCrory, Ita. The identification of training and development needs in the Housing Executive: An examination of the process at the organisational, unit and individual levels. [s.l: The Author], 1994.
Знайти повний текст джерела
2
Stepanova, Galina, Vladimir Biryukov, Mayya Livson, Robert Chvanov, and Svetlana Borisova. Strategic management. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1863109.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The textbook discusses the theoretical, methodological and practical aspects of strategic management in the current interpretation of the XXI century. The vision of the strategic process as proactive management in conditions of a high level of complexity of the external environment is presented. The tools of strategic management, the technology of strategic analysis, the procedure for the development and implementation of the strategy, the principles of management of strategic business units are considered. To consolidate knowledge, self-control questions, practical tasks and test simulators are provided at the end of each chapter.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
For students of the direction of training 38.03.02 "Management", graduate students, researchers, specialists.
3
Packevich, Alla. Architecture of Evolution. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1079356.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The monograph, on the one hand, examines the period of development of the descending cycle of evolution and the associated progressive changes that show the irreversibility of the processes of formation of the planetary system. The end of one cycle and the beginning of another leads to the transformation of the system of life and the expansion of consciousness at a new energy level. On the other hand, the questions of potential opportunities for the development of the ascending phase of evolution, which goes both along the path of complexity of the organization and along the path of diversity, are considered. In the ascending evolutionary stream, what has been differentiated into the corresponding levels in the descending cycle is brought together and thus prepared to enter into new, more perfect forms of unity. It is shown that the development of humanity along its entire path depends on the interaction of energies of various forms and potentials. Understanding the relationships between different types of energy and their use provides insight into many important issues in the evolution of society. The material introduces the modern features of the existence of the male and female sexes from the energy point of view. The idea of a way out of the current conflict situation that has arisen between the sexes at the present stage of evolution is proposed. It will be useful for those interested in the problems of scientific knowledge, architects, philosophers,historians, physicists and methodologists of science, students and students of secondary schools.
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Jaworski, Barbara, Josef Rebenda, Reinhard Hochmuth, Stephanie Thomas, Michèle Artigue, Inés Gómez-Chacón, Sarah Khellaf, et al. Inquiry in University Mathematics Teaching and Learning. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.m210-9983-2021.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The book presents developmental outcomes from an EU Erasmus+ project involving eight partner universities in seven countries in Europe. Its focus is the development of mathematics teaching and learning at university level to enhance the learning of mathematics by university students. Its theoretical focus is inquiry-based teaching and learning. It bases all activity on a three-layer model of inquiry: (1) Inquiry in mathematics and in the learning of mathematics in lecture, tutorial, seminar or workshop, involving students and teachers; (2) Inquiry in mathematics teaching involving teachers exploring and developing their own practices in teaching mathematics; (3) Inquiry as a research process, analysing data from layers (1) and (2) to advance knowledge inthe field. As required by the Erasmus+ programme, it defines Intellectual Outputs (IOs) that will develop in the project. PLATINUM has six IOs: The Inquiry-based developmental model; Inquiry communities in mathematics learning and teaching; Design of mathematics tasks and teaching units; Inquiry-based professional development activity; Modelling as an inquiry process; Evalutation of inquiry activity with students. The project has developed Inquiry Communities, in each of the partner groups, in which mathematicians and educators work together in supportive collegial ways to promote inquiry processes in mathematics learning and teaching. Through involving students in inquiry activities, PLATINUM aims to encourage students` own in-depth engagement with mathematics, so that they develop conceptual understandings which go beyond memorisation and the use of procedures. Indeed the eight partners together have formed an inquiry community, working together to achieve PLATINUM goals within the specific environments of their own institutions and cultures. Together we learn from what we are able to achieve with respect to both common goals and diverse environments, bringing a richness of experience and learning to this important area of education. Inquiry communities enable participants to address the tensions and issues that emerge in developmental processes and to recognise the critical nature of the developmental process. Through engaging in inquiry-based development, partners are enabled and motivated to design activities for their peers, and for newcomers to university teaching of mathematics, to encourage their participation in new forms of teaching, design of teaching, and activities for students. Such professional development design is an important outcome of PLATINUM. One important area of inquiry-based activity is that of “modelling” in mathematics. Partners have worked together across the project to investigate the nature of modelling activities and their use with students. Overall, the project evaluates its activity in these various parts to gain insights to the sucess of inquiry based teaching, learning and development as well as the issues and tensions that are faced in putting into practice its aims and goals.
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D’Attoma, Sara. Famiglie interrotte Violenza domestica e divorzio nella recente legislazione della Repubblica Popolare Cinese. Venice: Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-602-2.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Gender-based violence perpetrated within the family is an issue of global importance. It is no coincidence that the statistics on domestic violence committed during the ongoing pandemic have shown it as a worrying phenomenon crossing national borders and social levels. In China the consideration of domestic violence as an element of destabilisation of the family unit is rather recent. In fact, the traditional patriarchal values on which the Chinese family based its relations considered intra-family violence – particularly towards women – an accepted and fully integrated component in the normal course of relations among people belonging to the same lineage. The Pandora’s Box, which for centuries has concealed and neglected the problem, has only been uncovered since the Fourth World Conference on Women held in Beijing in 1995, which started the debate on the issue of gender-based violence and brought China to draw up annual reports on the female condition. The inclusion of the category “domestic violence” in a national law dates back to 2001 (Marriage Law) and the first ad hoc legislation to 2016. The relationship between domestic violence, social and family stability was the leitmotif that accompanied the official documents of the legislative process that led to the drafting of the Law against Domestic Violence of the PRC. This latter has focused on a prevention network aiming primarily to empower civil society, but overshadowing mere legal instruments. By analysing all the phases of this legislative process, the book aims to reflect on the regulatory instruments – in particular, divorce and the system of protection orders – and on the features of these institutions created to limit and control the problem of family violence. Furthermore, this analysis will provide insights into the social and linguistic implications that the issue of domestic violence has determined in China in the past up to nowadays.
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Zhulidov, Sergey. Trade organization. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/987233.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The book describes the main stages of organization and technology of trade processes at the enterprises of wholesale and retail trade in the market. Separate chapters are devoted to retail trade services, technological solutions shops, as well as the protection of consumer rights and the fundamental rules of trade.
Given the schema, table, topics interdisciplinary course, accompanied by explanatory text. Schemes allow to consider the material on the theoretical and practical level in their unity, which provides the opportunity to see the structure of the problem being studied, its logical relations, theoretical approaches, and therefore provides a more in-depth study of the discipline.
The textbook will help students acquire new knowledge and skills in the field of trade in the sphere of circulation of goods and services and to prepare them for successful practical activity in the conditions of market economy.
Meets the requirements of Federal state educational standards of secondary professional education on a speciality "Commerce (on branches)" PM.01 "Organization and management of trade marketing activities of" MDK 01.02 "Organization of trade".
For students on specialities "Commerce (on branches)" and "commodity research and quality expertise of consumer goods" and for listeners of system of improvement of qualification of workers of trade.
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Takala, Jukka. Resource management and budgeting in critical care. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0021.
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Resource management is a core task for intensive care unit (ICU) leadership. Budgeting covers optimizing resource use, planning for future needs, and continuous monitoring of actual resource use. Short-term budgeting is operational planning, whereas mid- and long-term budgeting should focus on strategy. Resource management is an integral and continuous part of the ICU management process. Hence, the regional and local availability of health care services rarely depends on rational or objective factors alone. For budgeting purposes, the needs for intensive care for the population of the main referral area of the hospital, the actual structure of the local health care system and probable changes during the strategic planning period should be considered. The resources needed for emergency admissions is relatively constant as long as the referral population the indications for intensive care and the treatments offered do not change. The ICU is part of a multidisciplinary, horizontal care process. The amount and level of care provided in all the participating units must be considered.
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Galbraith, Jay R. Designing Organizations: Strategy, Structure, and Process at the Business Unit and Enterprise Levels. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2014.
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Galbraith, Jay R. Designing Organizations: Strategy, Structure, and Process at the Business Unit and Enterprise Levels. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2014.
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Designing organizations: Strategy, structure, and process at the business unit and enterprise levels. Jossey-Bass, 2014.
Знайти повний текст джерелаЧастини книг з теми "Unit process level"
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Stenner, A. Jackson. "Theory Referenced Measurement: Combining Substantive Theory and the Rasch Model." In Explanatory Models, Unit Standards, and Personalized Learning in Educational Measurement, 121–25. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3747-7_9.
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AbstractA construct theory is the story we tell about what it means to move up and down the scale for a variable of interest (e.g., temperature, reading ability, short term memory). Why is it, for example, that items are ordered as they are on the item map? The story evolves as knowledge regarding the construct increases. We call both the process and the product of this evolutionary unfolding "construct definition" (Stenner et al., Journal of Educational Measurement 20:305–316, 1983). Advanced stages of construct definition are characterized by calibration equations (or specification equations) that operationalize and formalize a construct theory. These equations, make point predictions about item behavior or item ensemble distributions. The more closely theoretical calibrations coincide with empirical item difficulties, the more useful the construct theory and the more interesting the story. Twenty-five years of experience in developing the Lexile Framework for Reading enable us to distinguish five stages of thinking. Each subsequent stage can be characterized by an increasingly sophisticated use of substantive theory. Evidence that a construct theory and its associated technologies have reached a given stage or level can be found in the artifacts, instruments, and social networks that are realized at each level.
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del Río, M., H. Pretzsch, A. Bončina, A. Avdagić, K. Bielak, F. Binder, L. Coll, et al. "Assessment of Indicators for Climate Smart Management in Mountain Forests." In Climate-Smart Forestry in Mountain Regions, 59–105. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80767-2_3.
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AbstractThis chapter addresses the concepts and methods to assess quantitative indicators of Climate-Smart Forestry (CSF) at stand and management unit levels. First, the basic concepts for developing a framework for assessing CSF were reviewed. The suitable properties of indicators and methods for normalization, weighting, and aggregation were summarized. The proposed conceptual approach considers the CSF assessment as an adaptive learning process, which integrates scientific knowledge and participatory approaches. Then, climate smart indicators were applied on long-term experimental plots to assess CSF of spruce-fir-beech mixed mountain forest. Redundancy and trade-offs between indicators, as well as their sensitivity to management regimes, were analyzed with the aim of improving the practicability of indicators. At the management unit level, the roles of indicators in the different phases of forest management planning were reviewed. A set of 56 indicators were used to assess their importance for management planning in four European countries. The results indicated that the most relevant indicators differed from the set of Pan-European indicators of sustainable forest management. Finally, we discussed results obtained and future challenges, including the following: (i) how to strengthen indicator selections and CSF assessment at stand level, (ii) the potential integration of CSF indicators into silvicultural guidelines, and (iii) the main challenges for integrating indicators into climate-smart forest planning.
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Ramadhan, Ramli, Soetrisno Karim, Micah R. Fisher, Harsanto Mursyid, and Mochamad Indrawan. "Assessing the Governance Modes of Indonesia’s Forest Management Unit." In Environment & Policy, 151–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15904-6_9.
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AbstractDiscussions about forestry governance systems in Indonesia have always been an important area of policy and practice given the sector’s outsized role in natural resources management. In recent years, the forest management system has been intimately linked to the concept of a Forest Management Unit (FMU), which was established to conduct scientifically sound forest management practices. FMUs were created in response to the historical failures of rule-based forest management and privatization, which resulted in the emergence of the notion of professional forestry. However, forest governance systems are once again changing as a result of the aftermath of Indonesia’s Job Creation Act (a.k.a. Omnibus Law) and its derivative regulations. In this chapter, we apply a governance approach for assessing anticipated changes in the forestry sector. We understand governance as a process operationalized by actors, powers, and rules. Accordingly, we applied the lens of four governance modes in our analysis, which includes hierarchical governance, closed co-governance, open co-governance, and self-governance. FMUs assist the central government as a facilitating institution and provide a window into understanding ongoing forestry changes. Policy changes indicate that nongovernment actors are gaining increased access to permit-based forest use, thus potentially replacing the envisioned role of FMUs as key actors at the site level. Nevertheless, although forest use is increasingly being entrusted to nongovernment actors, governance will remain hierarchical, wherein the central government serves as the dominant actor enacting regulatory mechanisms and guiding actor interactions and participation. As a result, we show that previous modes of forestry sector governance are likely to endure and deepen in the post-Omnibus era.
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Pedretti, Giacomo. "One Step in-Memory Solution of Inverse Algebraic Problems." In Special Topics in Information Technology, 63–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62476-7_6.
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AbstractMachine learning requires to process large amount of irregular data and extract meaningful information. Von-Neumann architecture is being challenged by such computation, in fact a physical separation between memory and processing unit limits the maximum speed in analyzing lots of data and the majority of time and energy are spent to make information travel from memory to the processor and back. In-memory computing executes operations directly within the memory without any information travelling. In particular, thanks to emerging memory technologies such as memristors, it is possible to program arbitrary real numbers directly in a single memory device in an analog fashion and at the array level, execute algebraic operation in-memory and in one step. In this chapter the latest results in accelerating inverse operation, such as the solution of linear systems, in-memory and in a single computational cycle will be presented.
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Matzke, Nicholas J. "Science Without Species: Doing Science with Tree-Thinking." In Speciesism in Biology and Culture, 47–61. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99031-2_3.
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AbstractThe focus of this volume is speciesism. While the concepts of species and speciation remain the focus of a great deal of research, it is worth exploring how in recent decades evolutionary biology has, in several ways, moved away from species as the key unit of analysis of biological questions. I begin by outlining how phylogenetic comparative methods have become essential methodological tools in statistical analyses of relationships between traits. Species are not statistically independent observations, because the reality is that they are related, genetically and statistically, on a phylogenetic tree. Phylogeny also plays a key role in modern analyses of spatial patterns in biodiversity, and in fact relying on phylogenetic biodiversity measures can avoid a number of problems created by attempting to impose a uniform species rank across different continents and clades. Similarly, a major challenge in modern studies of diversification and extinction concerns the units of analysis and how they are defined and recognized. Both “genus” and “species” are human-defined ranks imposed on the phylogenetic tree. The phylogenetic tree is the more fundamental reality that is produced by the macroevolutionary process, and it could include every level of gradation of genetic and morphological divergence. Once ranks are imposed upon it, a variety of methodological problems are created as scientists attempt to make these ranks standardized and comparable across different datasets and timescales. I outline how phylogenetic thinking might help provide a solution. I conclude with other examples where cutting-edge science is done with phylogenies without much need of the “species” rank—for example, in the battle against Covid-19.
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Goddek, Simon, Alyssa Joyce, Sven Wuertz, Oliver Körner, Ingo Bläser, Michael Reuter, and Karel J. Keesman. "Decoupled Aquaponics Systems." In Aquaponics Food Production Systems, 201–29. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15943-6_8.
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AbstractTraditional aquaponics systems were arranged in a single process loop that directs nutrient-rich water from fish to the plants and back. Given the differing specific nutrient and environmental requirements of plants and fish, such systems presented a compromise to the ideal conditions for rearing of both, thus reducing the efficiency and productivity of such coupled systems. More recently, designs that allow for decoupling of units provide for a more finely tuned regulation of the process water in each of the respective units while also allowing for better recycling of nutrients from sludge. Suspended solids from the fish (e.g. faeces and uneaten feed) need to be removed from the process water before water can be directed to plants in order to prevent clogging of hydroponic systems, a step that represents a significant loss of total nutrients, most importantly phosphorus. The reuse of sludge and mobilization of nutrients contained within that sludge present a number of engineering challenges that, if addressed creatively, can dramatically increase the efficiency and sustainability of aquaponics systems. One solution is to separate, or when there are pathogens or production problems, to isolate components of the system, thus maximizing overall control and efficiency of each component, while reducing compromises between the conditions and species-specific requirements of each subsystem. Another potential innovation that is made possible by the decoupling of units involves introducing additional loops wherein bioreactors can be used to treat sludge. An additional distillation loop can ensure increased nutrient concentrations to the hydroponics unit while, at the same time, reducing adverse effects on fish health from high nutrient levels in the RAS unit. Several studies have documented the aerobic and anaerobic digestion performance of bioreactors for treating sludge, but the benefits of the digestate on plant growth are not well-researched. Both remineralization and distillation components consequently have a high unexplored potential to improve decoupled aquaponics systems.
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Gao, Chenglin, and Shuo Tong. "Research on the Design of Community Residential Space from the Perspective of Digitization." In Proceeding of 2021 International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Applications, 550–59. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2456-9_56.
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AbstractThe residential architecture in the process of urban digital development has become a living complex with real and virtual mirrors, in which people are the unity of connection between spatial environment, identity and living relationship. In this paper, the new value orientation of community residential design is analyzed by sorting out the meaning of community; within the design system of residential space, the intimacy and public consciousness of residents’ neighborhood relationship is enhanced through spatial transition and cultivation of shared living space. The argument is developed from three levels: individual residents’ self-reconstruction, residents’ new behavioral decisions, and spatial behavioral output. Through a series of argumentation, the relationship between community and residential space planning and design is explored, and the data on the interaction between users, usage behavior and space usage of different households are statistically obtained. At the same time, this paper simulates and designs the community residential space module system based on this data and combined with the computer 3D model derivation. The residential block formed by the combination of the smallest modules, as the smallest residential unit, continues to form the design path of a sustainable residential system through the process of combination and deformation of space.
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Tardieu, Hubert. "Role of Gaia-X in the European Data Space Ecosystem." In Designing Data Spaces, 41–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93975-5_4.
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AbstractThe Gaia-X project was initiated in 2019 by the German and French Ministers of Economy to ensure that companies would not lose control of their industrial data when it is hosted by non-EU cloud service providers.Since then, Gaia-X holds an international association presence in Belgium with more than 334 members, representing both users and providers across 20 countries and 16 national hubs and 5 candidate countries.The Association aims to increase the adoption of cloud services and accelerate data exchanges by European businesses through the facilitation of business data sovereignty with jointly approved (user and provider) policy rules on data portability and interoperability.Although for many enterprises, data sovereignty is seen as a prerequisite for using the cloud, a significant driver to boost the digital economy in business is incentivizing business data sharing. Two decades of cost optimization have constrained business value creation, driving many companies to neglect the opportunity to create shared value within a wider industry ecosystem.Now, thanks to the participation of large numbers of cloud users in the domains of Finance, Health, Energy, Automotive, Travel Aeronautics, Manufacturing, Agriculture, and Mobility, among others, Gaia-X is ideally positioned to help industries define appropriate data spaces and identify/develop compelling use cases, which can then be jointly deployed to a compliant-by-design platform architecture under the Gaia-X specifications, trust, and labeling frameworks.The creation of national Gaia-X hubs that act as independent think tanks, ambassadors, or influencers of the Association further facilitates the emergence of new data spaces and use/enabler cases at a country level, before these are subsequently extended to a European scope and beyond. Gaia-X partners share the view that data spaces will play a similar role in digital business as the web played 40 years ago to help the Internet take off.The Gaia-X Working Groups are at the core of the Gaia-X discussions and deliverables. There are three committees: the Technical, the Policies and Rules, and the Data Spaces and Business.The Technical Committee focus on key architectural elements and their evolution, such as and not limited to: Identity and Access Management: bridge the traditional X509 realm and new SSI realm, creating a decentralized network of identity federations Service Composition: how to assemble services in order to create new services with higher added value Self-Description: how to build digital trust at scale with measurable and comparable criteria The Policy and Rules Committee creates the deliverables required to develop the Gaia-X framework (compliance requirements, labels and qualification processes, credentials matrix, contractual agreements, etc.): The Labels and Qualification working group defines the E2E process for labels and qualification, from defining and evolving the levels of label, the process for defining new labels, and identifying and certifying existing CABS. The Credentials and Trust Anchors working group will develop and maintain a matrix of credentials and their verification methods to enable the implementation of compliance through automation, contractual clauses, certifications, or other methods. The Compliance working group collects compliance requirements from all sources to build a unique compliance requirements pool. The Data Spaces Business Committee helps the Association expanding and accelerating the creation of new Gaia-X service in the market: The Finance working group focuses on business modeling and supports the project office of the Association. The Technical working group analyzes the technical requirements from a business perspective. The Operational Requirements working group is the business requirements unit. The Hub working groups hold close contact with all Gaia-X Hubs and support the collection and creation of the Gaia-X use and business cases. These working groups maintain the international list of all use cases and data spaces and coordinate the Hubs.
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Parmiggiani, Elena, and Patrick Mikalef. "The Way Forward: A Practical Guideline for Successful Digital Transformation." In Digital Transformation in Norwegian Enterprises, 187–92. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05276-7_11.
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AbstractThis chapter presents key lessons learned and implications for practice resulting from the analysis of the empirical cases included in this book. We map emerging themes across five layers: unit or project, organization, organization ecosystem, ethical and environmental sustainability, and society. We identify two emerging trends: the co-evolution of organizational forms and new technologies and the fact that digital transformation increasingly happens on the organizational ecosystem level. This has consequences in terms of increased data work, new work processes, and the need to actively engage with sustainability policies. We highlight the need for a focus on the long-term effects of digital transformation initiatives with attention to their ripple effects over time.
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Babic, Danijel, and Andreas Pfennig. "Direct modeling of unit operations on molecular level." In 16th European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering and 9th International Symposium on Process Systems Engineering, 359–64. Elsevier, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1570-7946(06)80072-6.
Повний текст джерелаТези доповідей конференцій з теми "Unit process level"
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Maulana, Fuad, and Dedi Prestiadi. "The Process of Instructional Supervision Planning at the Formal Education Unit Level." In International Conference on Information Technology and Education (ICITE 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.211210.022.
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Alessandri, Silvia, Antonio C. Caputo, Daniele Corritore, Renato Giannini, and Fabrizio Paolacci. "Seismic Quantitative Risk Assessment of Process Plants Through Monte Carlo Simulations." In ASME 2016 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2016-63064.
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This paper describes the application of Monte Carlo method for the quantitative seismic risk assessment (QSRA) of process plants. Starting from the seismic hazard curve of the site where the plant is located, the possible chains of accidents are modelled using a sequence of propagation levels in which Level 0 is represented by the components directly damaged by the earthquake whereas the subsequent Levels represent the resulting consequence propagation. In greater detail all units damaged by energy and materials releases from level 0 units are included in level 1 and so forth, so that referring to process units belonging to a generic i-th Level, they are damaged by level (i-1) units and damage units of level (i+1). The sequence of levels represents the damage propagation across the plant through any multiple interacting sequences of accidents. For each unit a damage (DM) - loss of containment (LOC) matrix is generated allowing to estimate the amount of energy and material releases as well as resulting physical effects based on which the scenario at i-th level is generated. The process stops when no further damage propagation is allowed.
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Sajjad, Saqib, and Haseeb Ali. "Energy Performance Benchmarking of Process Refrigeration Units." In Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition & Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/207404-ms.
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Abstract Process refrigeration units are one of the major energy consumers at gas processing plants. Owing to the higher energy consumption, evaluation and benchmarking of energy performance of the refrigeration units is very important for identification of energy saving opportunities. In this regard, an energy performance benchmarking study was performed by detailed assessment and evaluation of the existing process refrigeration units to identify potential of energy efficiency improvement. The study encompassed twenty-one (21) process refrigeration units installed at five (05) different sites. The methodology included collection and analysis of design & operation data and review of key variables like percent load, anti-surge valve opening, condensing temperature & pressure and chilling temperature etc. Energy Performance Indicators (EnPIs) considered for the benchmarking were compressor's specific energy, coefficient of performance (COP) and relative COP (RCOP). A thermodynamic model was developed for each unit to ascertain the refrigeration load. Instead of usual high level benchmarking techniques, the study considered unit and equipment level benchmarking which provided better insight of the systems and helped in finding opportunities for energy efficiency improvement. Further, COP which is generally considered as a benchmarking EnPI, only considers refrigeration load and energy consumption, whereas, this study introduced a new EnPI named "Relative COP" which additionally takes into account the chilling and condensing temperatures and gives true energy performance benchmarking.
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Song, Li, and Briana Branesky. "Air Handling Unit Level Fault Signature Development Using EnergyPlus." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-87574.
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In the effort to create more energy efficient buildings, an effective fault detection process must be developed for monitoring and diagnosing malfunctions in the Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system. This study provides energy loss signatures that can be used to diagnose a specific faulty component at the unit level. An analysis has been performed on a single air handling unit (AHU) to determine how faulty HVAC components effect the overall energy consumption of the unit. To begin the process, the Engineering Laboratory building on the campus of the University of Oklahoma was modeled for the simulation, using EnergyPlus 7.0, Google Sketchup 8, and OpenStudio 0.6.0. The building has an existing single duct system with a 3hp AHU with a forward curved fan that discharges 2500 cfm (1.175 m3/s) that covers approximately 2809 square feet (261 m2). Inputs into the simulation included building constructions, architecture, internal loads, and external loads from weather, sun, and shade objects. Simulations were run using the stated software, and a base case was established for energy consumption. Next, components and variables on the AHU, such as minimum outside air intake, economizer outside damper control, cooling coil valve, duct work pressurization, and various sensors were individually modified to reflect a malfunction or inefficiency. The energy loss caused from these changes in inputs was quantified and analyzed for the purpose of establishing a graphical range of energy loss signatures associated with each faulty component. Building Engineers and operators will be able to not only detect the exact malfunction faster, but also to ascertain the associated energy loss cost associated with the fault. The results of the study will be used to automate an online energy monitoring fault detection and diagnosis process.
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Koriyama, Tomoki, and Hiroshi Saruwatari. "Utterance-Level Sequential Modeling for Deep Gaussian Process Based Speech Synthesis Using Simple Recurrent Unit." In ICASSP 2020 - 2020 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icassp40776.2020.9052935.
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Smullin, Matteo M., Ian C. Garretson, and Karl R. Haapala. "Composability of Unit Manufacturing Process Models for Manufacturing Systems Analysis." In ASME 2016 11th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2016-8804.
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Manufacturing accounts for 31% of all energy consumed in the United States. Of increasing concern to industry decision makers is how to make their manufacturing processes more sustainable. Current sustainable assessment methods do not consider the parameters of unit manufacturing processes (UMPs) and, thus, do not provide the granular level of modeling required for accurate sustainability performance assessment. Further, there is little research within the field of sustainable manufacturing into how to recompose UMPs to form a unified model of a manufacturing system. This research attempts to rectify this deficiency by investigating the feasibility of composing (linking) disparate processes by incorporating the workpiece as an information repository. This enables modeling the information flows between processes as a co-product of the transformations imparted to the workpiece by the selected manufacturing processes. The result is a method for assessing the sustainability performance of a manufacturing system. This method would provide value to decision makers through more capable tools to better understand the sustainability performance of their manufacturing system.
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Campanelli, Mark, Jonatan Berglund, and Sudarsan Rachuri. "Integration of Life Cycle Inventories Incorporating Manufacturing Unit Processes." In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-48500.
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Sustainable manufacturing (SM) concerns the manufacture of products with regard to environmental, social, and economic impacts over the entire life cycle. With a primary focus on environmental concerns, life cycle assessment (LCA) can support SM practices. The life cycle inventory (LCI) is a key phase of LCA, and this paper considers the integration of manufacturing unit processes (MUPs) into system-level LCIs, which requires consideration of process flow diagrams at different levels of abstraction. Furthermore, uncertainty quantification is an important component of LCA interpretation, and this paper proposes a method to synthesize LCIs from the process-level to the system-level that consistently quantifies uncertainty in the inventories. The method can incorporate MUP data derived from measurements and/or modeling and simulation. Further development towards a complete methodology is discussed.
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Eastwood, Michael D., Karl R. Haapala, Matthew D. Carter, and Paul W. Liner. "Product and Process Design for Sustainable Assembly." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-63272.
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Abstract Design and manufacturing engineers often focus on technical performance and cost as primary factors in the design of components and assemblies. With a changing market and a growing list of regulations, however, manufacturing decision makers must address economic, environmental, and social aspects of sustainability in product design and manufacturing. Current methods and tools for conducting such sustainability assessments often consider corporate level metrics and lack the detail necessary to assist engineering decision making at the product and process level. A sustainability assessment method is presented that takes advantage of unit process modeling and life cycle assessment (LCA) approaches to assist in product assembly design. The combination of these two approaches facilitates process level sustainability assessment by addressing unit manufacturing and assembly operations, while identifying relevant economic, environmental, and social metrics. This method is demonstrated to evaluate alternate product and process designs for an aircraft-like assembly.
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Nannapaneni, Saideep, and Sankaran Mahadevan. "Manufacturing Process Evaluation Under Uncertainty: A Hierarchical Bayesian Network Approach." In ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-59226.
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This paper proposes a Hierarchical Bayesian Network (HBN) approach to estimate the uncertainty in performance prediction of manufacturing processes by aggregating the uncertainty arising from multiple models at multiple levels. A HBN is an extension of a Bayesian network (BN) for modeling hierarchical or multi-level systems where each node may represent a lower-level BN. The BNs at different levels can be constructed either using physics-based models or available data or by a hybrid approach through a combination of physics-based models and data. An improved BN learning algorithm is presented where the topology is learnt using an existing algorithm but different parametric and non-parametric models are fit to represent the conditional probabilities. Data for model calibration may be available at multiple levels such as at the unit process level or line level or sometimes at the factory level. Using all the data for calibration can be computationally expensive; therefore, a multi-level segmented approach for model calibration is developed. The injection molding process is used to demonstrate the proposed methodologies for uncertainty prediction in its energy consumption.
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Tyler, Christopher W., Russell D. Hamer, and Lei Liu. "Can human cones process one million quanta per millisecond?" In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1988.mcc8.
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Can the photochemical processes involved in light transduction perform linearly under extreme levels of illumination? The space between each outer segment disk appears to act as an independent transduction unit, and there are about 600 disks in human peripheral cones. Thus linearity would be expected up to levels of ~300 quanta absorbed per cone (50% of the independent processing units) within the cone response time (i.e., simultaneously). Beyond this level, increasing numbers of quanta must be processed simultaneously within each interdiscal space. We measured human light response properties at flux levels up to nine million quanta per cone per millisecond [15 million trolands (Td) incident on peripheral cones]. We used conditions in which brief flashes at this intensity were at psychophysical threshold: a 30′ field of 660 nm at 35° eccentricity with an equiluminant white surround. Temporal integration for pulses of different durations was measured in these conditions to determine the response linearity as stimulus duration was reduced. Complete linearity was obtained for durations down to 100 ps, where about one million quanta were absorbed at threshold (more than 1000 quanta absorbed for each outer segment disk).
Звіти організацій з теми "Unit process level"
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Henderson, Tim, Mincent Santucci, Tim Connors, and Justin Tweet. National Park Service geologic type section inventory: Chihuahuan Desert Inventory & Monitoring Network. National Park Service, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2285306.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A fundamental responsibility of the National Park Service is to ensure that park resources are preserved, protected, and managed in consideration of the resources themselves and for the benefit and enjoyment by the public. Through the inventory, monitoring, and study of park resources, we gain a greater understanding of the scope, significance, distribution, and management issues associated with these resources and their use. This baseline of natural resource information is available to inform park managers, scientists, stakeholders, and the public about the conditions of these resources and the factors or activities which may threaten or influence their stability. There are several different categories of geologic or stratigraphic units (supergroup, group, formation, member, bed) which represent a hierarchical system of classification. The mapping of stratigraphic units involves the evaluation of lithologies, bedding properties, thickness, geographic distribution, and other factors. If a new mappable geologic unit is identified, it may be described and named through a rigorously defined process that is standardized and codified by the professional geologic community (North American Commission on Stratigraphic Nomenclature 2005). In most instances when a new geologic unit such as a formation is described and named in the scientific literature, a specific and well-exposed section of the unit is designated as the type section or type locality (see Definitions). The type section is an important reference section for a named geologic unit which presents a relatively complete and representative profile for this unit. The type or reference section is important both historically and scientifically, and should be recorded such that other researchers may evaluate it in the future. Therefore, this inventory of geologic type sections in NPS areas is an important effort in documenting these locations in order that NPS staff recognize and protect these areas for future studies. The documentation of all geologic type sections throughout the 423 units of the NPS is an ambitious undertaking. The strategy for this project is to select a subset of parks to begin research for the occurrence of geologic type sections within particular parks. The focus adopted for completing the baseline inventories throughout the NPS was centered on the 32 inventory and monitoring networks (I&M) established during the late 1990s. The I&M networks are clusters of parks within a defined geographic area based on the ecoregions of North America (Fenneman 1946; Bailey 1976; Omernik 1987). These networks share similar physical resources (geology, hydrology, climate), biological resources (flora, fauna), and ecological characteristics. Specialists familiar with the resources and ecological parameters of the network, and associated parks, work with park staff to support network level activities (inventory, monitoring, research, data management). Adopting a network-based approach to inventories worked well when the NPS undertook paleontological resource inventories for the 32 I&M networks. The network approach is also being applied to the inventory for the geologic type sections in the NPS. The planning team from the NPS Geologic Resources Division who proposed and designed this inventory selected the Greater Yellowstone Inventory and Monitoring Network (GRYN) as the pilot network for initiating this project. Through the research undertaken to identify the geologic type sections within the parks of the GRYN, methodologies for data mining and reporting on these resources was established. Methodologies and reporting adopted for the GRYN have been used in the development of this type section inventory for the Chihuahuan Desert Inventory & Monitoring Network. The goal of this project is to consolidate information pertaining to geologic type sections which occur within NPS-administered areas, in order that this information is available throughout the NPS...
2
Henderson, Tim, Vincent Santucci, Tim Connors, and Justin Tweet. National Park Service geologic type section inventory: Mojave Desert Inventory & Monitoring Network. National Park Service, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2289952.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A fundamental responsibility of the National Park Service (NPS) is to ensure that park resources are preserved, protected, and managed in consideration of the resources themselves and for the benefit and enjoyment by the public. Through the inventory, monitoring, and study of park resources, we gain a greater understanding of the scope, significance, distribution, and management issues associated with these resources and their use. This baseline of natural resource information is available to inform park managers, scientists, stakeholders, and the public about the conditions of these resources and the factors or activities that may threaten or influence their stability and preservation. There are several different categories of geologic or stratigraphic units (supergroup, group, formation, member, bed) that represent a hierarchical system of classification. The mapping of stratigraphic units involves the evaluation of lithologies, bedding properties, thickness, geographic distribution, and other factors. Mappable geologic units may be described and named through a rigorously defined process that is standardized and codified by the professional geologic community (North American Commission on Stratigraphic Nomenclature 2005). In most instances when a new geologic unit such as a formation is described and named in the scientific literature, a specific and well-exposed section or exposure area of the unit is designated as the type section or other category of stratotype (see “Definitions” below). The type section is an important reference exposure for a named geologic unit which presents a relatively complete and representative example for this unit. Geologic stratotypes are important both historically and scientifically, and should be available for other researchers to evaluate in the future.. The inventory of all geologic stratotypes throughout the 423 units of the NPS is an important effort in documenting these locations in order that NPS staff recognize and protect these areas for future studies. The focus adopted for completing the baseline inventories throughout the NPS was centered on the 32 inventory and monitoring networks (I&M) established during the late 1990s. The I&M networks are clusters of parks within a defined geographic area based on the ecoregions of North America (Fenneman 1946; Bailey 1976; Omernik 1987). These networks share similar physical resources (e.g., geology, hydrology, climate), biological resources (e.g., flora, fauna), and ecological characteristics. Specialists familiar with the resources and ecological parameters of the network, and associated parks, work with park staff to support network-level activities such as inventory, monitoring, research, and data management. Adopting a network-based approach to inventories worked well when the NPS undertook paleontological resource inventories for the 32 I&M networks. The planning team from the NPS Geologic Resources Division who proposed and designed this inventory selected the Greater Yellowstone Inventory & Monitoring Network (GRYN) as the pilot network for initiating this project. Through the research undertaken to identify the geologic stratotypes within the parks of the GRYN methodologies for data mining and reporting on these resources were established. Methodologies and reporting adopted for the GRYN have been used in the development of this report for the Mojave Desert Inventory & Monitoring Network (MOJN). The goal of this project is to consolidate information pertaining to geologic type sections that occur within NPS-administered areas, in order that this information is available throughout the NPS to inform park managers and to promote the preservation and protection of these important geologic landmarks and geologic heritage resources. The review of stratotype occurrences for the MOJN shows there are currently no designated stratotypes for Joshua Tree National Park (JOTR) or Manzanar National Historic Site (MANZ); Death Valley...
3
Henderson, Tim, Vincet Santucci, Tim Connors, and Justin Tweet. National Park Service geologic type section inventory: North Coast and Cascades Inventory & Monitoring Network. National Park Service, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2293013.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A fundamental responsibility of the National Park Service (NPS) is to ensure that park resources are preserved, protected, and managed in consideration of the resources themselves and for the benefit and enjoyment by the public. Through the inventory, monitoring, and study of park resources, we gain a greater understanding of the scope, significance, distribution, and management issues associated with these resources and their use. This baseline of natural resource information is available to inform park managers, scientists, stakeholders, and the public about the conditions of these resources and the factors or activities which may threaten or influence their stability and preservation. There are several different categories of geologic or stratigraphic units (supergroup, group, formation, member, bed) that form a hierarchical system of classification. The mapping of stratigraphic units involves the evaluation of lithologies (rock types), bedding properties, thickness, geographic distribution, and other factors. Mappable geologic units may be described and named through a rigorously defined process that is standardized and codified by the professional geologic community (North American Commission on Stratigraphic Nomenclature 2021). In most instances, when a new geologic unit (such as a formation) is described and named in the scientific literature, a specific and well-exposed section or exposure area of the unit is designated as the stratotype (see “Definitions” below). The type section is an important reference exposure for a named geologic unit that presents a relatively complete and representative example for this unit. Geologic stratotypes are important both historically and scientifically, and should be available for other researchers to evaluate in the future. The inventory of all geologic stratotypes throughout the 423 units of the NPS is an important effort in documenting these locations in order that NPS staff recognize and protect these areas for future studies. The focus adopted for completing the baseline inventories throughout the NPS was centered on the 32 inventory and monitoring (I&M) networks established during the late 1990s. The I&M networks are clusters of parks within a defined geographic area based on the ecoregions of North America (Fenneman 1946; Bailey 1976; Omernik 1987). These networks share similar physical resources (geology, hydrology, climate), biological resources (flora, fauna), and ecological characteristics. Specialists familiar with the resources and ecological parameters of the network, and associated parks, work with park staff to support network-level activities (inventory, monitoring, research, and data management). Adopting a network-based approach to inventories worked well when the NPS undertook paleontological resource inventories for the 32 I&M networks. The planning team from the NPS Geologic Resources Division who proposed and designed this inventory selected the Greater Yellowstone Inventory and Monitoring Network (GRYN) as the pilot network for initiating this project. Through the research undertaken to identify the geologic stratotypes within the parks of the GRYN methodologies for data mining and reporting on these resources were established. Methodologies and reporting adopted for the GRYN have been used in the development of this report for the North Coast and Cascades Inventory & Monitoring Network (NCCN). The goal of this project is to consolidate information pertaining to geologic type sections that occur within NPS-administered areas, in order that this information is available throughout the NPS to inform park managers and to promote the preservation and protection of these important geologic landmarks and geologic heritage resources. The review of stratotype occurrences for the NCCN shows there are currently no designated stratotypes for Fort Vancouver National Historic Site (FOVA), Lewis and Clark National Historical Park (LEWI), or San Juan...
4
Henderson, Tim, Vincent Santucci, Tim Connors, and Justin Tweet. National Park Service geologic type section inventory: Central Alaska Inventory & Monitoring Network. National Park Service, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2293381.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A fundamental responsibility of the National Park Service (NPS) is to ensure that park resources are preserved, protected, and managed in consideration of the resources themselves and for the benefit and enjoyment by the public. Through the inventory, monitoring, and study of park resources, we gain a greater understanding of the scope, significance, distribution, and management issues associated with these resources and their use. This baseline of natural resource information is available to inform park managers, scientists, stakeholders, and the public about the conditions of these resources and the factors or activities which may threaten or influence their stability and preservation. There are several different categories of geologic or stratigraphic units (supergroup, group, formation, member, bed) that form a hierarchical system of classification. The mapping of stratigraphic units involves the evaluation of lithologies (rock types), bedding properties, thickness, geographic distribution, and other factors. Mappable geologic units may be described and named through a rigorously defined process that is standardized and codified by the professional geologic community (North American Commission on Stratigraphic Nomenclature 2021). In most instances when a new geologic unit such as a formation is described and named in the scientific literature, a specific and well-exposed section or exposure area of the unit is designated as the stratotype (see “Definitions” below). The type section is an important reference exposure for a named geologic unit that presents a relatively complete and representative example for this unit. Geologic stratotypes are important both historically and scientifically, and should be available for other researchers to evaluate in the future. The inventory of all geologic stratotypes throughout the 423 units of the NPS is an important effort in documenting these locations in order that NPS staff recognize and protect these areas for future studies. The focus adopted for completing the baseline inventories throughout the NPS is centered on the 32 inventory and monitoring networks (I&M) established during the late 1990s. The I&M networks are clusters of parks within a defined geographic area based on the ecoregions of North America (Fenneman 1946; Bailey 1976; Omernik 1987). These networks share similar physical resources (geology, hydrology, climate), biological resources (flora, fauna), and ecological characteristics. Specialists familiar with the resources and ecological parameters of the network, and associated parks, work with park staff to support network level activities (inventory, monitoring, research, data management). Adopting a network-based approach to inventories worked well when the NPS undertook paleontological resource inventories for the 32 I&M networks. The planning team from the NPS Geologic Resources Division who proposed and designed this inventory selected the Greater Yellowstone Inventory and Monitoring Network (GRYN) as the pilot network for initiating this project (Henderson et al. 2020). Through the research undertaken to identify the geologic stratotypes within the parks of the GRYN methodologies for data mining and reporting on these resources were established. Methodologies and reporting adopted for the GRYN have been used in the development of this report for the Arctic Inventory & Monitoring Network (ARCN). The goal of this project is to consolidate information pertaining to geologic type sections that occur within NPS-administered areas, in order that this information is available throughout the NPS to inform park managers and to promote the preservation and protection of these important geologic landmarks and geologic heritage resources. The review of stratotype occurrences for the ARCN shows there are currently no designated stratotypes for Cape Krusenstern National Monument (CAKR) and Kobuk Valley National Park (KOVA)...
5
Henderson, Tim, Vincent Santucciq, Tim Connors, and Justin Tweet. National Park Service geologic type section inventory: San Francisco Bay Area Inventory & Monitoring Network. National Park Service, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2293533.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A fundamental responsibility of the National Park Service (NPS) is to ensure that the resources of the National Park System are preserved, protected, and managed in consideration of the resources themselves and for the benefit and enjoyment by the public. Through the inventory, monitoring, and study of park resources, we gain a greater understanding of the scope, significance, distribution, and management issues associated with these resources and their use. This baseline of natural resource information is available to inform park managers, scientists, stakeholders, and the public about the conditions of these resources and the factors or activities that may threaten or influence their stability and preservation. There are several different categories of geologic or stratigraphic units (supergroup, group, formation, member, bed) that form a hierarchical system of classification. The mapping of stratigraphic units involves the evaluation of lithologies (rock types), bedding properties, thickness, geographic distribution, and other factors. Mappable geologic units may be described and named through a rigorously defined process that is standardized and codified by the professional geologic community (North American Commission on Stratigraphic Nomenclature 2021). In most instances when a new geologic unit such as a formation is described and named in the scientific literature, a specific and well-exposed section or exposure area of the unit is designated as the stratotype (see “Definitions” below). The type section is an important reference exposure for a named geologic unit that presents a relatively complete and representative example for this unit. Geologic stratotypes are important both historically and scientifically, and should be available for other researchers to evaluate in the future. The inventory of all geologic stratotypes throughout the 423 units of the NPS is an important effort in documenting these locations in order that NPS staff recognize and protect these areas for future studies. The focus adopted for completing the baseline inventories throughout the NPS is centered on the 32 inventory and monitoring networks (I&M) established during the late 1990s. The I&M networks are clusters of parks within a defined geographic area based on the ecoregions of North America (Fenneman 1946; Bailey 1976; Omernik 1987). These networks share similar physical resources (geology, hydrology, climate), biological resources (flora, fauna), and ecological characteristics. Specialists familiar with the resources and ecological parameters of the network, and associated parks, work with park staff to support network-level activities (inventory, monitoring, research, data management). Adopting a network-based approach to inventories worked well when the NPS undertook paleontological resource inventories for the 32 I&M networks. The planning team from the NPS Geologic Resources Division who proposed and designed this inventory selected the Greater Yellowstone Inventory & Monitoring Network (GRYN) as the pilot network for initiating this project (Henderson et al. 2020). Through the research undertaken to identify the geologic stratotypes within the parks of the GRYN methodologies for data mining and reporting on these resources were established. Methodologies and reporting adopted for the GRYN have been used in the development of this report for the San Francisco Bay Area Inventory & Monitoring Network (SFAN). The goal of this project is to consolidate information pertaining to geologic type sections that occur within NPS-administered areas, in order that this information is available throughout the NPS to inform park managers and to promote the preservation and protection of these important geologic landmarks and geologic heritage resources. The review of stratotype occurrences for the SFAN shows there are currently no designated stratotypes for Fort Point National Historic Site (FOPO) and Muir Woods National Monument (MUWO)...
6
Henderson, Tim, Vincent Santucci, Tim Connors, and Justin Tweet. National Park Service geologic type section inventory: Northern Colorado Plateau Inventory & Monitoring Network. National Park Service, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2285337.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A fundamental responsibility of the National Park Service (NPS) is to ensure that park resources are preserved, protected, and managed in consideration of the resources themselves and for the benefit and enjoyment by the public. Through the inventory, monitoring, and study of park resources, we gain a greater understanding of the scope, significance, distribution, and management issues associated with these resources and their use. This baseline of natural resource information is available to inform park managers, scientists, stakeholders, and the public about the conditions of these resources and the factors or activities which may threaten or influence their stability. There are several different categories of geologic or stratigraphic units (supergroup, group, formation, member, bed) which represent a hierarchical system of classification. The mapping of stratigraphic units involves the evaluation of lithologies, bedding properties, thickness, geographic distribution, and other factors. If a new mappable geologic unit is identified, it may be described and named through a rigorously defined process that is standardized and codified by the professional geologic community (North American Commission on Stratigraphic Nomenclature 2005). In most instances when a new geologic unit such as a formation is described and named in the scientific literature, a specific and well-exposed section of the unit is designated as the type section or type locality (see Definitions). The type section is an important reference section for a named geologic unit which presents a relatively complete and representative profile. The type or reference section is important both historically and scientifically, and should be available for other researchers to evaluate in the future. Therefore, this inventory of geologic type sections in NPS areas is an important effort in documenting these locations in order that NPS staff recognize and protect these areas for future studies. The documentation of all geologic type sections throughout the 423 units of the NPS is an ambitious undertaking. The strategy for this project is to select a subset of parks to begin research for the occurrence of geologic type sections within particular parks. The focus adopted for completing the baseline inventories throughout the NPS was centered on the 32 inventory and monitoring networks (I&M) established during the late 1990s. The I&M networks are clusters of parks within a defined geographic area based on the ecoregions of North America (Fenneman 1946; Bailey 1976; Omernik 1987). These networks share similar physical resources (geology, hydrology, climate), biological resources (flora, fauna), and ecological characteristics. Specialists familiar with the resources and ecological parameters of the network, and associated parks, work with park staff to support network level activities (inventory, monitoring, research, data management). Adopting a network-based approach to inventories worked well when the NPS undertook paleontological resource inventories for the 32 I&M networks. The network approach is also being applied to the inventory for the geologic type sections in the NPS. The planning team from the NPS Geologic Resources Division who proposed and designed this inventory selected the Greater Yellowstone Inventory and Monitoring Network (GRYN) as the pilot network for initiating this project. Through the research undertaken to identify the geologic type sections within the parks of the GRYN methodologies for data mining and reporting on these resources was established. Methodologies and reporting adopted for the GRYN have been used in the development of this type section inventory for the Northern Colorado Plateau Inventory & Monitoring Network. The goal of this project is to consolidate information pertaining to geologic type sections which occur within NPS-administered areas, in order that this information is available throughout the NPS...
7
Henderson, Tim, Vincent Santucci, Tim Connors, and Justin Tweet. National Park Service geologic type section inventory: Klamath Inventory & Monitoring Network. National Park Service, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2286915.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A fundamental responsibility of the National Park Service (NPS) is to ensure that park resources are preserved, protected, and managed in consideration of the resources themselves and for the benefit and enjoyment by the public. Through the inventory, monitoring, and study of park resources, we gain a greater understanding of the scope, significance, distribution, and management issues associated with these resources and their use. This baseline of natural resource information is available to inform park managers, scientists, stakeholders, and the public about the conditions of these resources and the factors or activities which may threaten or influence their stability. There are several different categories of geologic or stratigraphic units (supergroup, group, formation, member, bed) which represent a hierarchical system of classification. The mapping of stratigraphic units involves the evaluation of lithologies, bedding properties, thickness, geographic distribution, and other factors. If a new mappable geologic unit is identified, it may be described and named through a rigorously defined process that is standardized and codified by the professional geologic community (North American Commission on Stratigraphic Nomenclature 2005). In most instances when a new geologic unit such as a formation is described and named in the scientific literature, a specific and well-exposed section of the unit is designated as the type section or type locality (see Definitions). The type section is an important reference section for a named geologic unit which presents a relatively complete and representative profile. The type or reference section is important both historically and scientifically, and should be protected and conserved for researchers to study and evaluate in the future. Therefore, this inventory of geologic type sections in NPS areas is an important effort in documenting these locations in order that NPS staff recognize and protect these areas for future studies. The documentation of all geologic type sections throughout the 423 units of the NPS is an ambitious undertaking. The strategy for this project is to select a subset of parks to begin research for the occurrence of geologic type sections within particular parks. The focus adopted for completing the baseline inventories throughout the NPS was centered on the 32 inventory and monitoring networks (I&M) established during the late 1990s. The I&M networks are clusters of parks within a defined geographic area based on the ecoregions of North America (Fenneman 1946; Bailey 1976; Omernik 1987). These networks share similar physical resources (geology, hydrology, climate), biological resources (flora, fauna), and ecological characteristics. Specialists familiar with the resources and ecological parameters of the network, and associated parks, work with park staff to support network level activities (inventory, monitoring, research, data management). Adopting a network-based approach to inventories worked well when the NPS undertook paleontological resource inventories for the 32 I&M networks. The network approach is also being applied to the inventory for the geologic type sections in the NPS. The planning team from the NPS Geologic Resources Division who proposed and designed this inventory selected the Greater Yellowstone Inventory and Monitoring Network (GRYN) as the pilot network for initiating this project. Through the research undertaken to identify the geologic type sections within the parks of the GRYN methodologies for data mining and reporting on these resources were established. Methodologies and reporting adopted for the GRYN have been used in the development of this type section inventory for the Klamath Inventory & Monitoring Network. The goal of this project is to consolidate information pertaining to geologic type sections which occur within NPS-administered areas, in order that this information is available throughout the NPS to inform park managers...
8
Lindo-Ocampo, Gloria Inés, and Hilda Clarena Buitrago-García. English for Business Course. Thematic Unit: Business Events. Ediciones Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.16925/gcnc.24.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This didactic unit is aimed at the fifth semester students of the Business Administration, Marketing and International Business program, who have already completed the four basic levels of the Open Lingua program. This proposal seeks to develop skills and competencies that allow them to perform in different fields related to private, public and solidarity economy companies, and in various mediation and negotiation processes at national and international levels. The instructional design of this unit contains real-life situations, focused on the world of business, that allow students to interact in various types of business events. The grammatical and lexical concepts, necessary to interact successfully in these types of communicative situations, are introduced and applied. The educational activities are designed to offer opportunities to interact in business conferences, international exhibitions, and seminars, among others. The contents are framed in natural and meaningful contexts. This leads to a greater understanding of the type of language used in business and the way it is used to communicate. The contents are structured in three lessons in which the level of complexity of the topics, tasks, texts and transitions (4Ts) have been considered. Also, various types of activities that activate and reinforce previous knowledge and that, subsequently, evaluate the progress of the students, are included.
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Iyer, R., J. P. Shulka, and A. Verma. Community Leave No One Behind: Lessons from a Pilot. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/slh.2021.014.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In 2020, WSSCC’s India Support Unit (now UNOPS) piloted a new participatory approach called Community Leave No One Behind (CLNOB) to support the Swachh Bharat Mission Grameen (SBM-G) Phase II. The pilot took place in five districts in India (Mirzapur in Uttar Pradesh, Ranchi in Jharkhand, Kamrup in Assam, South 24 Paragnas in West Bengal and Purnea in Bihar). A Prerak (facilitator) was appointed in each district to support this process and work within villages at community level. The Sanitation Learning Hub supported an accompanying learning component of the pilot, facilitating learning sessions between the preraks and the development of a Handbook based on the experience. This learning brief outlines the purpose of CLNOB, the actions generated by the pilot and our reflections of the CLNOB approach. The CLNOB Handbook, a handbook on Community Leave No One Behind, accompanies this Learning Brief. CLNOB was designed to ensure a participatory method to enable sustained access to safely managed sanitation facilities for people who have been ‘left behind’ or left out of the first phase of India’s national sanitation campaign.
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Gillen, Emily, Nicole M. Coomer, Christopher Beadles, and Amy Mills. Constructing a Measure of Anesthesia Intensity Using Cross-Sectional Claims Data. RTI Press, October 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2019.mr.0040.1910.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
With intensifying emphasis on episodes of care and bundled payments for surgical admissions, anesthesia expenditures are increasingly important in assessing variation in expenditures for surgical episodes. When comparing anesthesia expenditures across surgical settings, adjustment for anesthesia case complexity and duration of anesthesia services, also known as anesthesia service intensity, is desirable. A single anesthesia intensity measure allows researchers to make more direct comparisons between anesthesia outcomes across settings and services. We describe a process for creating a claims-based anesthesia intensity measure using Medicare claims. We create the measure using two fields: base units associated with American Medical Association Current Procedural Terminology codes on the anesthesia claim and time units associated with the service. We rescaled the time component of the anesthesia intensity measure to equally represent base units and time units. For illustration, we applied the measure to Medicare anesthesia expenditures stratified by rural/urban location. We found that adjustments for intensity were greater in urban settings because the level of intensity is greater. Compared with rural settings, unadjusted expenditures in urban settings are roughly 26 percent higher, whereas adjusted expenditures in urban settings are only 20 percent higher. Even absent longitudinal data, researchers can adjust anesthesia outcomes for intensity using our cross-sectional claims-based intensity method.