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Статті в журналах з теми "Types of corruption"
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Anderson, Beverlee B. "Corrupting activities and economic development." World Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development 11, no. 1 (March 9, 2015): 64–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wjemsd-07-2014-0020.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationships of different types of corruption and selected economic measures that appear to contribute to a country’s sustainable economic development. Design/methodology/approach – The research used selected data from the World Economic Forum Executive Opinion Survey on corruption activities (Irregular Payments and Bribes, the Diversion of Public Funds, Organised Crime, and Favouritism in Decisions of Government Officials) and Ethical Behaviour of Firms. The economic data (FDI, GDP, GDP Growth and Capital Formation among others) is from the World Bank database. A series of statistical models were developed to examine the relationships among different types of corruption and a country’s economic development. Findings – The findings are mixed, showing that some types of corruption have greater negative impact on specific aspects of economic development. Research limitations/implications – The research is limited by the availability of data from reliable sources and the availability of data on a limited number of corruption activities. Only four aspects of corruption are examined in this paper. Only selected aspects of a country’s economy were examined. The variables analysed in the study were not available for each of the 179 countries. Practical implications – A country may learn the types of corrupting activities that must be controlled to aid in the targeted growth of specific economic development, such as Direct Foreign Investment. Originality/value – This study builds on previous work by Anderson (2012, 2013) that used Transparency International’s Corruption Perception Index (CPI) as a global measure of corruption. This study, in contrast, uses the results of the World Economic Forum Executive Opinion Survey, to indicate the perceived level of different types (components) of corruption. By using more specific measure of corruption, there is a better understanding of the relationships between corruption and economic development.
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Gromov, Vladimir G. "Corruption in Russia: concept, types, determinants." Forensic Research & Criminology International Journal 7, no. 4 (July 18, 2019): 168–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/frcij.2019.07.00282.
Повний текст джерела
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Khamraev, Iskandar Tursunovich, Alisher Temirovich Toshev, and Alim Khaidarovich Itolmazov. "CHARACTERISTIC FEA TERISTIC FEATURES AND T TURES AND TYPES OF CORRUPTION IN YPES OF CORRUPTION IN EDUCATION." Scientific Reports of Bukhara State University 4, no. 3 (June 26, 2020): 227–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.52297/2181-1466/2020/4/3/8.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Based on an analysis of the scientific literature and anti-corruption legislation, the article reveals the characteristic features of corruption in education: the sphere of existence, the specifics of subjects of corruption in education, features of corruption goals, types of corruption are classified for various reasons (depending on the type of educational organizations that implement the main educational programs). At the end of the article, the author's definition of corruption in education is proposed, which is understood as a negative social and legal phenomenon existing in public relations in the field of education and consisting in the unlawful use of official position, status of participants in relations in the field of education in order to derive benefits of a tangible or intangible nature.
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Hoke, Tara. "Engineers Must Avoid All Types of Corruption." Civil Engineering Magazine Archive 88, no. 1 (January 2018): 40–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/ciegag.0001257.
Повний текст джерела
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Mikhailov, D. V. "Distribution of corruption crimes by types of economic activity." Voprosy regionalnoj ekonomiki 34, no. 1 (March 20, 2018): 58–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.21499/2078-4023-2018-34-1-58-69.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This work is an analysis of the distribution of committed crimes of corruption by economic activities in Russia on the basis of the data of internal affairs bodies. The author makes a grouping and determines the types of economic activity most susceptible to committing crimes of corruption in them.
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McMann, Kelly M., Brigitte Seim, Jan Teorell, and Staffan Lindberg. "Why Low Levels of Democracy Promote Corruption and High Levels Diminish It." Political Research Quarterly 73, no. 4 (July 17, 2019): 893–907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1065912919862054.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Theory predicts democracy should reduce corruption. Yet, scholars have found that while corruption is low at high levels of democracy, it is high at modest levels, as well as low when democracy is absent. A weakness of studies that aim to explain this inverted curvilinear relationship is that they do not disaggregate the complex concepts of democracy and corruption. By contrast, this paper disaggregates both. We demonstrate that the curvilinear relationship results from the collective impact of different components of democracy on different types of corruption. Using Varieties of Democracy data, we examine 173 countries from 1900 to 2015, and we find freedom of expression and freedom of association each exhibit an inverted curvilinear relationship with corruption—both overall corruption and four different types. The introduction of elections and the quality of elections each act in a linear fashion—positively and negatively with corruption, respectively—but jointly form a curvilinear relationship with both overall corruption and many of its types. Judicial and legislative constraints exhibit a negative linear relationship with executive corruption. We offer a framework that suggests how these components affect costs and benefits of engaging in different types of corruption and, therefore, the level of corruption overall.
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Goel, Rajeev K., and James W. Saunoris. "International corruption and its impacts across entrepreneurship types." Managerial and Decision Economics 40, no. 5 (April 9, 2019): 475–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mde.3017.
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Marysyuk, Kostyantyn. "Concepts, types and general characteristics of corruption offenses." Visnik Nacional’nogo universitetu «Lvivska politehnika». Seria: Uridicni nauki 8, no. 32 (December 24, 2021): 138–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/law2021.32.138.
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Van Vu, Huong, Tuyen Quang Tran, Tuan Van Nguyen, and Steven Lim. "Corruption, Types of Corruption and Firm Financial Performance: New Evidence from a Transitional Economy." Journal of Business Ethics 148, no. 4 (January 18, 2016): 847–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10551-016-3016-y.
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Mulyana, Agus, Aulia Iskandarsyah, Ahmad Gimmy Prathama Siswadi, and Wilis Srisayekti. "Social Value Orientation On Corruption Prisoners." MIMBAR : Jurnal Sosial dan Pembangunan 35, no. 1 (June 24, 2019): 245–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.29313/mimbar.v35i1.4479.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Social value orientation is a psychological factor that can influence cooperative behavior. In social values orientation, the prosocial type promotes cooperation while proself type is not. A social dilemma is a situation where to be cooperative or not. Corruption behavior is one of the contexts of social dilemmas. Someone who commits corruption means he/she shows non-cooperative behavior. It is hypothesized that someone who commits corruption is a self-type social values orientation because he/she prioritizes personal interests and is not cooperative. This study aims to explore how social value orientation types on corruption prisoners. Data collection in this study used a questionnaire distributed to participants and interview. The study found that not all corruptors are proself types and focused on personal interest. Individuals of prosocial types who focus on common interests can also commit corruption. Corruption perpetrators believe that anyone who is in their position will commit corruption. There is another psychological aspect that can encourage someone to commit corruption.
Дисертації з теми "Types of corruption"
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Silva, Valter Jovenil Avila da. "Fraudes nas fundações privadas : o papel do Ministério Público." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/149325.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Atualmente, são constantes as notícias de fraudes e corrupção, tais como ―Mensalão‖, ―Operação Lava Jato‖, ―Operação Zelotes‖, ―Leite Compen$ado‖ (MPRS), dentre outras, envolvendo políticos de todos os escalões, empresários, gerentes, administradores, empregados e funcionários públicos. Como se não bastasse esse quadro no setor público (primeiro setor) e nas empresas privadas (segundo setor), passamos ainda a conviver com nova onda de desvios em outro setor. Agora o alvo são as entidades que prestam serviços de interesse público sem a finalidade de lucro, o terceiro setor, como se viu na ―CPI das ONGs‖ (2010). Aqui, no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, o cenário de golpes praticados contra o erário, contra consumidores, e ainda contra o patrimônio das entidades de interesse social, não é diferente da realidade nacional. Basta ver os noticiários sobre ações do Ministério Público Estadual no combate às sonegações de impostos, fraudes e irregularidades cometidas contra entidades do terceiro setor, especialmente contra fundações privadas. Nesse caso específico, com o intuito de identificar quais são os principais tipos de fraudes cometidas contra essas instituições e o que fazer para evitá-las, foram analisadas algumas notícias no período de 2005 a 2013. A pesquisa visa, ainda, identificar o papel do Ministério Público perante essas instituições e às fraudes.Nowadays, newscasts about frauds and corruption are continuously taking place, as ―Mensalão‖, ―Operação Lava Jato‖, ―Operação Zelotes‖, ―Leite Compen$ado‖ (MPRS – Public Ministry of Rio Grande do Sul), among others, involving politicians from all echelons, businessmen, managers, administrators and public servants. As if not enough this picture in the public sector (first sector) and in the private companies (second sector), we also have to deal with a new wave of embezzlement in another sector. Now, the target is the companies which provide public interest service without the purpose of making profit, the third sector, as it have been seen in the ―CPI das ONGs‖ – 2010 (Parliamentary Commission of Inquiry against Non Governmental Organizations).Here, in the Rio Grande do Sul State, the scenery of coups against the Exchequer, against consumers, and also against the patrimony of public interest, is not different from the national reality. Just watch the newscasts about the Public Ministry (MP) combating tax evasion, frauds, and irregularities committed against entities from the third sector, specially, against private foundations. In this specific case, in order to identify what are the main types of fraud committed against these institutions and what to do to avoid them were analyzed some news from 2005 to 2013. The research also aims to identify the role of prosecutors before those institutions and fraud.
2
Shih, Yuchen, and 石昱真. "Discriminant Analysis for the Police Corruption Prosecution Types." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/31491293637902896316.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國防大學管理學院
資源管理及決策研究所
100
Police department is a relatively close organization which faces complicated and dangerous situation, and deals with critical decisions of affairs like the safety of lives and properties of the people. As a policeman must made decision by personal judgement made, the low visibility of their actions to the public, and the subculture of confidentiality between their peers, it is hard to discover and prevent from corruptions by the administrator of the policeman. Therefore, this study aims at taking precaution to prevent from severe damage of national interest or people’s property before the police corruptions. In this study, 139 cases which have already decided judges or taken disciplinary action are collected and then both typical and stepwise discrimination analysis, with and without hold out procedure are used to build up discrimination functions with given factors of violation of discipline to discriminate new cases. The results show that the typical discrimination analysis could provide accurate judgement with 74.8% of whole discrimination. This study also found that three high risk factors of police corruptions, i.e. the policeman who visits abnormal place closely, contact with abnormal person closely (e.g., gangsters, credit information service, elected representative, and sand transporter), and violates the rules of inquiring confidential information. As the symptom and factors of police corruptions might change with the time and the locations, this study expects to provide contributions to the designing concrete prevention to decrease or eliminate the violation of discipline and corruptions. Keyword: police corruptions, discriminant analysis, violation of discipline
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Liou﹐Jing-Hong and 劉璟鴻. "Study on the Types and Influence of Judicial Officers' Corruption and Dereliction of Duty." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/e33v34.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立中正大學
戰略暨國際事務研究所
107
The purpose of this paper is to understand the current situation, criminal patterns, methods and related influencing factors of corruption crimes of judicial personnel in Taiwan. In view of this, this paper studies the corruption crimes of judicial personnel by means of literature analysis and content analysis. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to summarize the types and characteristics of judicial personnel's duty crimes based on the existing literature and local court judgments, and to study the judicial personnel's greed crimes are affected by those facets, and to study the conclusions to propose specific strategies to prevent greed crimes with suggestions. According to the research results, it is found that the characteristics of judging the crimes of judicial personnel are characterized by hiddenness, accomplice structure, confession and difficulty in prosecuting crimes. Therefore, this study suggests: First, strengthen the internal control of the judiciary; Second, amend the appraisal system; Third, establish a system of integrity and discipline; Fourth, implement job rotation; Fifth, re-educate the concept of ethics and law; 6. Legal internal handling Administrative orders; 7. Judicial police officers (investigation bureaus, sea patrols, police officers) are not allowed to make the case smooth, and often entertained with the judicial officer’s banquet to build the anti-corruption concept of the judicial personnel. Towards the road to judicial and incorruptible politics.
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Wang, Yung-Fu, and 王永福. "An Investigation on the Characteristics and the Influential Factors of Different Types of Corruption Among Public Servants." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/84917584981285300115.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立臺北大學
犯罪學研究所
97
The purpose of this study is to investigate issues relating to corruption among public servants: (1)Incorruption policy is a key policy of our current government. It has drawn a high degree of public attention (2)Overview of the current situation of corruption and its preventative strategies (3)Understand what the aspects are to affect different types of corruption among public servants (4)Based on the conclusion drawn from the current investigation, ways and suggestions of anti-corruption are proposed Besides collecting relevant case studies and official statistical database as well as conducting field investigations, this study attempts to use the analysis of previous studies and surveying quantitative method in order to understand the composition of corruption. The 194 investigated subjects (including public servants and non-public servants) who were inmates accused of malpractice, benefit others or corruption during the time of June, 2008 undertook the questionnaire type survey. The content includes the following five aspects: types of public service undertaken, social categories, self-control factor analysis, opportunity factor analysis and other references. The statistical method of SPSS software was used to cross-reference (1) time allocation (2) chi-square distribution (3) related coefficient (4) factor analysis of the collected data to analyze the factors of corruption formation as well as the sameness and similarities of the characteristics recognition. The findings are as follows: (1) Major means of corruption include accepting bribery, defraud, and stealing or taking public property and money illegally. (2) About half of the criminals of corruption attributed their crime to the system; there were thirty percent of them claimed either that they were not familiar with the rules or that they were accustomed to opportunity crime on duty. (3) Factors influence the result significantly are sex, degree of education, and previous convictions, etc… (4) Degree of illegally behavioral control and degree of law threat do not take actual effect. Instead individual sense of shame and societal ethical consciousness of public servants ought to be strengthened. (5) For the public servants who tend to show misconduct, supervisors should reinforce administrative audit in order to check the accuracy of their work and pay more attention to the possibilities of illegal behaviors, which may lead to corruption in the end. To conclude the research findings and the viewpoint of the current incorruption policy, strategies of prevention and suggestions regarding current corruption are proposed in respective of administration, legislation and judicature: (1) Administration: [a] To propagate incorruption and strengthen communication as well as to eliminate doubts between public servants and the public. [b] Organizational incorruption functions are to be established [c] To establish audit system to prevent corruption and over-expenditure [d] For pro-corrupt official institutions, duty alteration, absence from duty and application of proxy should be strongly implemented [e] Sunshine Law should be put into effect from executive level to people’s representatives (2) Legislation: [a] To continue put Sunshine Law into effect and establish incorruption network. [b] To establish incorruption department and implement incorruption policy [c] To establish complete judicial system so that public servants are willing to enforce the law without hesitation. (3) Judicature: [a] Raise the ratio of convicting the guilty people of corruption. [b] Establish professional corruption law court. [c] Increase punishment to eliminate bribery phenomenon. [d] Reinforce judicature power to prosecute.
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Dragomir, Catalina Bianca. "Le tonneau des Danaïdes ou de l’européanisation à l’Est : la grande corruption en Roumanie – types, causes, conséquences." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/11991.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Pourquoi la Roumanie ne réussit-elle pas l'épreuve de l'européanisation? À travers quatre études de cas, ce mémoire souligne le rôle central occupé par les partis politiques dans le développement de la corruption en Roumanie. En adaptant la théorie créée par Jonathan Pinto, Carrie Leana et Frits Pil, il montre que le type le plus répandu de corruption n'est pas individuel mais organisationnel et se propage à travers les partis. Plus précisément, les études de cas servent à comparer les phénomènes de l'Organisation d'Individus Corrompus (OIC) et de l'Organisation Corrompue (OC). En Roumanie, les deux types coexistent. Toutefois, de par l’étendue et la puissance supérieure dans le fonctionnement de l’OC par rapport à l’OIC, de par la définition et tel que le montre l'analyse des études de cas choisies, le phénomène de l’Organisation Corrompue dans sa manifestation à l'intérieur des partis politiques a plus de conséquences négatives sur le développement économique, politique et sur l’intégration européenne du pays comprise dans le sens d’idéal démocratique et de modernité dont tout État membre de l’Union européenne tente de se rapprocher.Why does Romania fail the Europeanization test? Using four case studies, this thesis emphasizes the central role played by political parties in the development of corruption in Romania. By adapting the theory first developed by Jonathan Pinto, Carrie Leana and Frits Pil, it shows that the most common type of corruption is not individual but organizational and spreads through political parties. More precisely, the case studies are used to compare the phenomena of Corrupt Organization (CO) and Organization of Corrupt Individuals (OCI), respectively. In Romania, the two types coexist. However, due to its extent and strength revealed by the case studies, the phenomenon of Corrupt Organization in its manifestation within political parties has more negative consequences on the economic and political development as well as on the European integration of the country.
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Бондаренко, О. С. "Концепція кримінально-правової протидії корупції в Україні". Thesis, 2021. https://openarchive.nure.ua/handle/document/19740.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
У дисертації наведено теоретичне узагальнення й запропоновано нове вирішення наукової проблеми, яке полягало у розробленні на основі аналізу існуючих наукових підходів, чинного вітчизняного та зарубіжного законодавства і практики їх реалізації комплексної науково та практично обґрунтованої концепції кримінально-правової протидії корупції в Україні, що спиралася б на галузевий підхід. Об‘єктом дослідження є суспільні відносини, що виникають у процесі протидії корупції в Україні. Предметом дослідження є концепція кримінальноправової протидії корупції в Україні. Висвітлено генезис наукового та легального розвитку поняття «корупція» з античних часів до сьогодення. Проаналізовано окремі ключові наукові праці присвячені корупції, як негативному соціально-економічному явищу, та проблемі протидії корупції на всіх рівнях і напрямах, розслідуванню корупційних діянь. Установлено, що важливим елементом успіху наукового дослідження є вибір правильної методології, що повністю забезпечить комплексність і системність дослідження та дозволить б розробити такі висновки й рекомендації, які дійсно матимуть вагоме значення для наукової та практичної діяльності. Наголошено, що явище корупції є надзвичайно складним, так само як і поняття, що позначає це явище. Виділено основні аспекти формування поняття «корупція»: історичний, міжнародний, зарубіжний, легальний та доктринальний. Обґрунтовано, що поняття «корупція» є міждисциплінарним та широковживаним, оскільки досліджується не лише фахівцями в галузі права, а й соціології, політології, економіки, 3 державного управління та психології. Досліджено передумови появи поняття «кримінальне правопорушення» та наголошено на доцільності доповнення антикорупційного законодавства поняттям «корупційне кримінальне правопорушення». Ґрунтовно проаналізовано ознаки корупційного кримінального правопорушення. Виділено кілька підстав для класифікації корупційних кримінальних правопорушень: за видом родового об‘єкта за організацією групування у тексті примітки до ст. 45 КК України, за повнотою ознак корупційності, за предмет, за суб‘єктом, за метою, за підслідністю. Доведено необхідність криміналізації трьох адміністративних правопорушень, що пов‘язані з корупцією. По-перше, порушення встановлених законом обмежень щодо одержання подарунків. Подруге, порушення вимог щодо запобігання та врегулювання конфлікту інтересів. По-третє, невжиття заходів щодо протидії корупції. З‘ясовано, що з огляду на значущість завдання з протидії корупції держава розробила розгалужену та відносно замкнену систему спеціалізованих антикорупційних органів. Водночас певні стратегічні повноваження у сфері протидії корупції зберегли й органи загальної компетенції (Верховна Рада України, Президент України, Кабінет Міністрів України). Більше того, певні антикорупційні компетентності набули мало не всі органи державної влади та місцевого самоврядування. Надано визначення, названо ознаки та види політичної корупції, а також охарактеризовано сутність економічної корупції. Проаналізовано заходи запобігання корупції у залежності від моделі її розвитку: європейської (Фінляндія, Норвегія), азійської (Японія, Сінгапур), англо-американської (США, Канада). З числа проаналізованих заходів обрано окремі, які можуть бути запозичені у вітчизняне правозастосування. Запропоновано виділити чотири підходи до обрання покарань за корупційні кримінальні правопорушення: м‘який (Швеція, Данія), помірний (Великобританія, ФРН), суворий (Італія) та особливо суворий (США, КНР). Обґрунтовано, що корупція є глобальною проблемою людства. Тому, контроль над рівнем корупції є завданням всієї світової спільноти. Основна акумуляція зусиль у антикорупційній сфері відбувається в рамках міжнародних організацій. З‘ясовано, що міжнародне співробітництво у сфері протидії корупції реалізується Україною шляхом укладання конвенцій та угод, а також реалізації положень які містять рекомендації щодо ефективної протидії корупції. The thesis provides a theoretical generalization and offers a new solution to the scientific problem. This problem is to develop based on existing scientific approaches analysis, current domestic and foreign legislation, and practice of implementing a comprehensive, scientifically, and practically defensible concept of the criminal legal fight against corruption in Ukraine based on a branching approach. The object of the thesis is public relations that arise in the process of combating corruption in Ukraine. The subject of the thes is concept of criminal-legal counteraction of corruption in Ukraine. The genesis of the scientific and legal development of the notion of "corruption" from ancient times to the present is highlighted. Some vital scientific works were analyzed on corruption as a negative socio-economic phenomenon, the problem of combating corruption at all levels and areas, and the investigation of corruption. It was established that an essential element of the success of scientific research is the choice of the correct methodology, which would fully ensure the complexity and systematization of study and would develop such conclusions and recommendations that will be important for scientific and practical activities. It was emphasized that the phenomenon of corruption is highly complex and the notion that denotes this phenomenon. The main aspects of forming the notion of "corruption" were highlighted: historical, international, foreign, legal, and doctrinal. It is substantiated that the concept of "corruption" is interdisciplinary and widely used, as it is studied not only by specialists in the field of law, but also by sociology, political science, economics, public administration and psychology. It was proposed to classify corruption on the following grounds: the pace of development, areas of implementation, frequency, sustainability, level of organization and spread of corruption, sectoral orientation, the form of expression. The essence of the concept of "anti-corruption, " a symbiotic combination of prevention and control, is described. Emphasis is placed on the justification of the position on the identification of combating corruption and anti-corruption policy. The nature of anti-corruption principles has been formed and revealed. It is proposed to divide the principles of anti-corruption into general, i.e. specific to all branches of law, and special, which are specific only to anti-corruption activities and due to its specifics. The preconditions for the emergence of the notion of "criminal offense" were studied. The practicality of supplementing the anti-corruption legislation with the notion of "corruption criminal offense" was emphasized. The signs of a criminal corruption offense are thoroughly analyzed. It was found that, given the importance of the task of combating corruption, the state has developed an extensive and relatively closed system of specialized anticorruption bodies. At the same time, certain strategic powers in the field of anticorruption were retained by bodies of general competence (the Verkhovna Rada of 8 Ukraine, the President of Ukraine, the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine). Moreover, almost all state and local government bodies have acquired specific anti-corruption competencies. The legal nature of mass media was described, and the main directions of their anti-corruption activity are named. The critical role of the public in combating corruption is revealed, which is because none of the anti-corruption measures will be successful if there is no public support during its implementation. It was given the definition, peculiarities, and types of political corruption and the essence of economic corruption. It was stressed that ensuring the proper level of combating political and economic corruption is a priority for the state, as it will promote economic growth, strengthen the role of state institutions and local governments, restore confidence in them and improve the country's image at the international level. It has been proven that corruption in the judiciary is a commonplace phenomenon that undermines the principles of the rule of law, the rule of law, equality before the courts, and the independence and impartiality of the administration of justice. Measures to prevent corruption depending on the model of its development were analyzed: European (Finland, Norway), Asian (Japan, Singapore), AngloAmerican (USA, Canada). From the number of analyzed measures, some were selected that can be borrowed from domestic law enforcement. It is proposed to distinguish four approaches to the choice of punishment for corruption offenses: mild (Sweden, Denmark), moderate (UK, Germany), severe (Italy), and particularly authoritarian (USA, PRC). It is substantiated that corruption is a global problem of humankind. Therefore, controlling the level of corruption is the task of the entire world community. The central accumulation of efforts in the anti-corruption sphere takes place within the framework of international organizations. It was found out that international cooperation in the field of anti-corruption is implemented in Ukraine through the conclusion of conventions and agreements and the implementation of provisions that contain recommendations for effective anti-corruption.
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Grobler, Elizabeth. "A criminological examination of police criminality." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/1530.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The primary objective of this research was to study and explain police criminality from a criminological point of view. Police criminality was addressed from a scientific perspective and this was achieved by using scientific measures and procedures including theoretical explanations and recognised research methodology.
The secondary objectives included the undertaking of a comprehensive literature study on police criminality in addition to conducting interviews with specialists in order to gain expert information from knowledgeable sources in the field of police criminality. Interviews conducted with police offenders addressed police criminality from the viewpoint of the individual offender.
The findings of the empirical study reflect significant individual and organisational factors. The individual factors highlighted characteristics such as power, greed, aggression, feelings of invincibility, gullibility, propensity to criminality and psychological factors including Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, which contributed to crimes committed by police members. Perhaps the most significant organisational contributors highlighted by this study related to managerial shortcomings. It is evident that police organisations with high levels of untrained, inexperienced and incompetent managers experience high levels of internal criminality. Poor supervision and the lack of corruption controls create an enabling environment for the perpetuation of police deviance.
Additional organisational factors that encourage criminality include negative aspects of police culture such as the code of silence, where police members are more apt to protecting corrupt colleagues than reporting them. The lack of discipline gives rise to insubordination and familiarity, which encourages impunity. In the South African Police Service at present, the policy of Affirmative Action is causing widespread dissatisfaction and the lowering of morale amongst certain members. Inadequate recruitment and training do not prepare members adequately for their job and it literally allow the "worm into the apple."
The researcher's contribution to this study is an interventionist model, which contains essential recommendations primarily for the benefit of the South African Police Service. These include the expeditious implementation of a comprehensive anti-corruption strategy and the creation of an independent investigation unit. Management shortcomings must be rectified and professionalism encouraged. Recruits need to be thoroughly vetted and ethics and integrity must be included in police training.Criminology
D. Litt. et Phil. (Criminology)
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Van, Heerden Anjelee. "Drug trafficking : the use of South African drug mules in crossborder smuggling." Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/19039.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study was conducted in order to gain a better understanding of the phenomenon of drug trafficking with specific reference as to how South African drug mules are used in crossborder drug smuggling. Through media analysis, semi-structured interviews with drug trafficking experts and a literature study the researcher was able to make findings and recommendations as per the objectives of the study. The objectives of the study included examining how drug mules smuggle drugs across South African borders; what role drug mules play in drug trafficking syndicates and the motivations and reasons why South Africans are increasingly being recruited as drug mules. The researcher also attempted to determine the nature and extent of the drug demand supply in and to South Africa. By making the deduction that drug demand and drug supply are interrelated the researcher was ultimately able to conclude that drug mules will continue to engage in drug smuggling as long as there is a demand for drugs and readily available drug supply routes to and from a county.
From the media reports analysed cocaine, methamphetamine and heroin were the drugs most smuggled by South African drug mules. It is also clear from the media reports that cocaine and methamphetamine are smuggled in the largest quantities by South African drug mules. The quantities of heroin found in the possession of South African drug mules were insignificantly small. This contradicts treatment centre data analysed that indicated heroin and methamphetamine users were almost double in numbers in comparison to cocaine users being treated at centres.
Most South African drug mules are used to smuggle drugs to the cocaine markets in Europe and South Africa; the cannabis/marijuana (herb) market in Europe; the cannabis (resin) hashish market in Canada and the United States of America; the crystal methamphetamine market in the Far East (largely Japan and Korea) and the heroin market in South Africa.
Using criminology theories as a basis, the researcher attempted to describe why people are vulnerable to being recruited as drug mules. Findings concluded that structural factors such as poverty and unemployment and substance abuse-related problems, particularly in marginalised and disadvantaged communities, all contribute to South Africans becoming drug mules.
Recommendations by the researcher focused on identifying specific vulnerabilities associated with drug mule recruiting and its consideration in legislation relating to drug trafficking in South Africa. The recommendations focus on the specific prosecution of drug abusers, drug mules, drug distributors and drug mule recruiters. Lastly it is projected by the researcher that the drug demand in South Africa will continue to increase if the drug supply routes and drug smuggling operations by syndicates are not addressed more firmlyCriminology
M.A. (Criminology)
Книги з теми "Types of corruption"
1
Caroll, Robin. Bayou corruption. Waterville, Me: Thorndike Press, 2009.
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Caroll, Robin. Bayou corruption. Waterville, Me: Thorndike Press, 2009.
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3
Mills, Kyle. Lords of corruption. Waterville, Me: Thorndike Press, 2009.
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4
Mills, Kyle. The lords of corruption. New York: Vanguard Press, 2009.
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Lewis, Norman. A suitable casefor corruption. Leicester: Ulverscroft, 1985.
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A suitable case for corruption. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1986.
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A new criminal type in Jakarta: Counter-revolution today. Durham, [N.C.]: Duke University Press, 1998.
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Buddy boys: When good cops turn bad. New York: Putnam, 1987.
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Buddy boys: When good cops turn bad. South Yarmouth, Ma: Curley Pub., 1989.
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Hiaasen, Carl. Skin tight. New York: Putnam, 1989.
Знайти повний текст джерелаЧастини книг з теми "Types of corruption"
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Holmes, Leslie. "Types and scale of police corruption." In Comparing Police Corruption, 49–98. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003156871-2.
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Kratcoski, Peter C. "Introduction: Overview of Major Types of Fraud and Corruption." In Fraud and Corruption, 3–19. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92333-8_1.
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Spence, Edward H. "Media Corruption – Types, Causes and Contexts." In Library of Public Policy and Public Administration, 63–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61612-0_4.
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Bratu, Roxana. "Bottom-Up European Integration: EU Ideal Types Versus Romanian Innovations." In Corruption, Informality and Entrepreneurship in Romania, 97–122. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66667-9_4.
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Kutnjak Ivković, Sanja, Jon Maskály, Ahmet Kule, and Maria Maki Haberfeld. "The Code of Silence and Organizational Justice." In SpringerBriefs in Criminology, 57–75. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-96844-1_4.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractThis chapter focuses on how the police officers’ willingness to report is shaped by their perceptions of organizational justice. With a few exceptions, bivariate analyses revealed a negative relationship between the adherence to the code of silence and the perceptions of organizational justice. Multivariate analyses indicated that the effect of perceived organizational justice varies across the types of scenarios. While the effect of organizational justice on the adherence to the code of silence is negative for the corruption scenarios, organizational justice exerts an inconsistent relationship on the adherence to the code of silence for organizational deviance scenarios and interpersonal deviance scenarios. Yet, the perceptions of organizational justice seem to have no effect on the use of excessive force scenarios. Additionally, the estimated other police officers’ adherence to the code of silence is the strongest predictor of an officer’s own adherence to the code of silence.
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García Portilla, Jason. "c) Cuba: A Sui Generis Case Study (Communist Proxy)." In “Ye Shall Know Them by Their Fruits”, 309–17. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78498-0_20.
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AbstractThe anti-clerical elements of the Revolution helped Cuba succeed in various indicators (e.g. education quality and coverage, equality, health). The Cuban regime seized, dismantled, and limited the institutional influence of Roman Catholicism on these areas of public life. However, a strong cultural influence of a highly syncretised Roman Catholicism persists in Cuba even if its institutional influence has been curbed. Also, the Communist regime, by adopting Marxism, “threw the baby out with the bathwater” through persecuting all types of religion, including Protestant liberals. Finally, the Cuban regime conveniently turned to Rome to legitimise itself after the collapse of the Soviet Union and to silence Protestantism with a corporatist strategy. The socialist legal tradition had an effect opposite to its claims (e.g. lack of freedom, corruption), even if its anti-clerical element was an advantage. Comparing the Cuban experience to other Latin American countries with leftist dictatorships (e.g. Venezuela) helps understand their failure to achieve the Cuban indicators (e.g. education). The crucial factor in this regard is whether or not the power and influence of the Roman Church-State are reduced.
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Shumilina, Vera, and Igor Sim. "EXCEEDING OFFICIAL AUTHORITY." In Socio-economic and legal problems of modern society, 97–106. au: AUS PUBLISHERS, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26526/chapter_61e7f12a9445f7.42619895.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Exceeding of official powers, and in connection with them crimes of corruptive nature, today constitute a great threat to the security of any state. The purpose of this article is to analyze and compare the abuse of power and abuse of office in order to clarify: how to combat and minimize the occurrence of this type of crime
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Otero, Pilar. "The EU Defence Against a New Type of Threat: Corruption. The Norwegian Legal Responses an Example to Be Followed." In Security and Defence in Europe, 23–34. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12293-5_2.
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Szynkiewicz, Paweł. "Signature-Based Detection of Botnet DDoS Attacks." In Cybersecurity of Digital Service Chains, 120–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04036-8_6.
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AbstractThe distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack is an attempt to disrupt the proper availability of a targeted server, service or network. The attack is achieved by corrupting or overwhelming the target’s communications with a flood of malicious network traffic. In the current era of mass connectivity DDoS attacks emerge as one of the biggest threats, staidly causing greater collateral damage and heaving a negate impacting on the integral Internet Infrastructure. DDoS attacks come in a variety of types and schemes, they continue to evolve, steadily becoming more sophisticated and larger at scale. A close investigation of attack vectors and refining current security measures is required to efficiently mitigate new DDoS threats. The solution described in this article concerns a less explored variation of signature-based techniques for DDoS mitigation. The approach exploits one of the traits of modern DDoS attacks, the utilization of Packet generation algorithms (PGA) in the attack execution. Proposed method performs a fast, protocol-level detection of DDoS network packets and can easily be employed to provide an effective, supplementary protection against DDoS attacks.
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Larmour, Peter. "Seven Types of Corruption." In Interpreting Corruption, 100–115. University of Hawai'i Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21313/hawaii/9780824835149.003.0006.
Повний текст джерелаТези доповідей конференцій з теми "Types of corruption"
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Shurekova, Ksenia. "SOCIO-LEGAL ESSENCE OF CORRUPTION. SIGNS OF CORRUPTION. TYPE OF CORRUPTION." In Current problems of jurisprudence. ru: Publishing Center RIOR, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/02032-6/194-204.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article deals with the problem of understanding corruption as a social and legal phenomenon. The author, taking into account the definition of the term "corruption", by applying such approaches to the definition of corruption as General and criminological, analyzed the main features of the corruption phenomenon and its types.
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Siswandari, Susilaningsih, and Binti Muchsini. "Seven Types of Student Behavior That Trigger Corruption." In International Conference on Anti-Corruption and Integrity. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0009401301430151.
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Nikonov, Pavel Vladimirovich. "Analysis of Sanctions of Corruption Crimes Related to Bribery and Other Types of Illegal Remuneration." In VII INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC-PRACTICAL CONFERENCE “CRIMINAL LAW AND OPERATIVE SEARCH ACTIVITIES: PROBLEMS OF LEGISLATION, SCIENCE AND PRACTICE”. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0010629800003152.
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Мезенцева, Юлия, Yuliya Mezentseva, Ксения Вердеш, and Ksenia Verdesh. "CORPORATE FRAUD AS A THREAT TO THE ECONOMIC SECURITY OF THE COMPANY." In Topical issues of ensuring economic security in the Russian Federation in the digital economy. AUS PUBLISHERS, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.26526/2317.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article presents the author's view on corporate fraud, considers the main causes of their occurrence, studied their types. The concept of "corporate corruption"has been clarified. Corporate fraud is considered as a significant threat to the economic security of the company.
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Naydenov, Egor. "CORRUPTION CRIMES AS ONE OF THE GROUNDS FOR IMPEACHMENT IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES." In Current problems of jurisprudence. ru: Publishing Center RIOR, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/02032-6/153-164.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article deals with the regulation of impeachment proceedings in foreign countries on the example of the United States and Brazil. The types of impeachment, stages and procedures, and grounds for initiating and removing officials from office are analyzed. The article compares the procedure of impeachment of the President in Russia and in these countries. Special attention is paid to the impeachment process against Rousseff, who is accused of corruption crimes.
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Kim, Jinseon, Minsoo Kim, Minju Shin, Incheol Nam, Daesun Kim, Hongsun Hwang, Sangjae Rhee, Kangyong Cho, and Seongjin Jang. "A Study on Error Corrected Code Failure-Induced Latent Defect in between High-k MIM Capacitors." In ISTFA 2017. ASM International, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2017p0424.
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Abstract For fault management, various types of error-correcting codes (ECC) have been widely used for most computers and memory. From a memory perspective, the ECC technique is generally adopted for DRAM modules to correct data corruption among multiple chips, not in-chip level. Recently, increased soft single-bit failures have accelerated introduction of the ECC technique into DRAM components. For reliability, fault generation technique by high voltage at high temperature, also known as burn-in stress, has been widely used in the IC manufacturing process. In DRAM, burn-in stress is also useful to screen latent defects or to predict device lifetime. In this paper, we studied un-correctable errors which occurred due to various types of storage node bridge defects in ECC DRAM. 12 faulty cells among 1,000 cells are observed after burn-in stress. Retention time of each cell is measured with automatic test equipment under the various temperature conditions, and activation energy were extracted from measurement results. Results of activation energy show that there were two types of faults, one was metal-metal hard bridge (0.14eV) and the other was dielectric-dielectric soft bridge (0.35eV), in comparison with normal cells (0.53eV). Moreover, soft bridge was carefully analyzed with TEM and nanoprobing showing that activation energy analysis was well-matched.
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Petersen, Harry C., Andrzej Markowski, Paul Sullivan, and Robert Petersen. "Computer-Generated Virtual/Physical Reality: Blurring the Lines." In ASME 2001 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2001/cie-21671.
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Abstract As computers grow in ability to access and process ever-larger blocks of data within real-time responses, their ability to generate virtual reality responses has multiplied exponentially. Simultaneously, computer capabilities of using huge data files to control manufacturing processes, create rapid prototypes, augment human senses, and control vehicles and machines have given them the ability to control and even create physical reality. But computers now have the ability to blur the lines between virtual and physical realities in areas which include video manipulation, virtual reality with tactile feedback, and physical training devices such as flight training simulators. This paper investigates types of computer-generated virtual/physical realities and their uses and implications for industry and consumers alike. Examples of research by the authors in video manipulation and training, solid modeling, animated simulation, manufacturing, rapid prototyping, and reverse engineering will be presented, along with data base corruption, and data manipulation methods and problems. Finally, applications and future implications of this technology will be presented.
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Teraura, Nobuyuki, Kunio Ito, Naoki Takahashi, and Kouichi Sakurai. "The Development of Radiation-Resistant RF Tags for Use at Nuclear Power Plants." In 2013 21st International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone21-16605.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
RF tags based on RFID (Radio-frequency Identification) technology have been widely used in various fields including power plant construction and maintenance for the purpose of improving the identification and traceability of the many components in the facility. To date, various types of tags have been developed, including tags that are resistant to chemicals or high-temperature environments, which are used in specialized fields. When considering widespread use of RF tags in nuclear power plants, there is a concern about the effects of radiation on the RF tags, because the data stored in the tag may receive radiation damage, resulting in corruption of data. Here, we describe a newly designed RF tag that achieves resistance to radiation damage by attaching a radiation shield layer and incorporating automatic data-correction software. This radiation-resistant RF tag has been tested under real radiation exposure fields to verify the intended radiation-resistant functions. It is expected that the use of these radiation-resistant RF tags with a data reader and database system will increase the capabilities of RF tags applied to nuclear power plants and it is also expected to lead to reductions in worker radiation exposure doses.
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Timirbulatov, R. R., and N. A. Babkina. "BRIBE AS A TYPE OF CORRUPTION OFFENSE BY THE EXAMPLE OF THE AMUR REGION." In RUSSIA AND CHINA: A VECTOR OF DEVELOPMENT. Amur State University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.22250/rc.2019.1.92.
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Chang, Yanni, and Mingxing He. "CCA secure type-based proxy re-encryption in the adaptive corruption model without random oracle." In 3rd International Conference on Computer Science and Service System. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/csss-14.2014.69.
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