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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Tropical rainforest"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 6 вересня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Tropical rainforest"

Lin, Meizhi, Qingping Ling, Huiqing Pei, Yanni Song, Zixuan Qiu, Cai Wang, Tiedong Liu, and Wenfeng Gong. "Remote Sensing of Tropical Rainforest Biomass Changes in Hainan Island, China from 2003 to 2018." Remote Sensing 13, no. 9 (April 27, 2021): 1696. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13091696.

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The largest area of tropical rainforests in China is on Hainan Island, and it is an important part of the world’s tropical rainforests. The structure of the tropical rainforests in Hainan is complex, the biomass density is high, and conducting ground surveys is difficult, costly, and time-consuming. Remote sensing is a good monitoring method for biomass estimation. However, the saturation phenomenon of such data from different satellite sensors results in low forest biomass estimation accuracy in tropical rainforests with high biomass density. Based on environmental information, the biomass of permanent sample plots, and forest age, this study established a tropical rainforest database for Hainan. Forest age and 14 types of environmental information, combined with an enhanced vegetation index (EVI), were introduced to establish a tropical rainforest biomass estimation model for remote sensing that can overcome the saturation phenomenon present when using remote sensing data. The fitting determination coefficient R2 of the model was 0.694. The remote sensing estimate of relative bias was 2.29%, and the relative root mean square error was 35.41%. The tropical rainforest biomass in Hainan Island is mainly distributed in the central mountainous and southern areas. The tropical rainforests in the northern and coastal areas have been severely damaged by tourism and real estate development. Particularly in low-altitude areas, large areas of tropical rainforest have been replaced by economic forests. Furthermore, the tropical rainforest areas in some cities and counties have decreased, affecting the increase in tropical rainforest biomass. On Hainan Island, there were few tropical rainforests in areas with high rainfall. Therefore, afforestation in these areas could maximize the ecological benefits of tropical rainforests. To further strengthen the protection, there is an urgent need to establish a feasible, reliable, and effective tropical rainforest loss assessment system using quantitative scientific methodologies.

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Álvarez-Lopeztello, Jonás, Rafael F. Del Castillo, Celerino Robles, and Laura V. Hernández-Cuevas. "Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi improve the growth of pioneer tree species of tropical forests on savanna and tropical rainforest soils under nursery conditions." Scientia Fungorum 51 (April 20, 2021): e1296. http://dx.doi.org/10.33885/sf.2021.51.1296.

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Background: Tropical rainforests and savannas are often spatially distributed at close distances. The combined effects of soil type and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) might contribute to explain the preference of tropical rainforest tree species for forest areas over those of savannas. However, few studies have examined such effects on pioneer tropical tree species. Objective: Evaluate the effects of soil type and inoculation with an AMF consortium on the growth of seedlings of pioneer tree species of tropical rainforest. Methods: A factorial 2 x 2 experiment was conducted to evaluate the role of soil type (rainforest or savanna) and native AMF consortium on growth (height and stem diameter) of four native pioneer tree seedling species under tree nursery conditions. Results and conclusions: The highest growth was detected on rainforest soils inoculated with AMF. Uninoculated plants growing on savanna soils rendered the lowest performance. AMF inoculation could be a valuable procedure in ecological restoration projects of tropical forests.

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Liu, Zhihao, Hong Li, Fangtao Wu, Hui Wang, Huai Chen, Qiuan Zhu, Gang Yang, et al. "Quantification of Ecosystem-Scale Methane Sinks Observed in a Tropical Rainforest in Hainan, China." Land 11, no. 2 (January 19, 2022): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11020154.

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Tropical rainforest ecosystems are important when considering the global methane (CH4) budget and in climate change mitigation. However, there is a lack of direct and year-round observations of ecosystem-scale CH4 fluxes from tropical rainforest ecosystems. In this study, we examined the temporal variations in CH4 flux at the ecosystem scale and its annual budget and environmental controlling factors in a tropical rainforest of Hainan Island, China, using 3 years of continuous eddy covariance measurements from 2016 to 2018. Our results show that CH4 uptake generally occurred in this tropical rainforest, where strong CH4 uptake occurred in the daytime, and a weak CH4 uptake occurred at night with a mean daily CH4 flux of −4.5 nmol m−2 s−1. In this rainforest, the mean annual budget of CH4 for the 3 years was −1260 mg CH4 m−2 year−1. Furthermore, the daily averaged CH4 flux was not distinctly different between the dry season and wet season. Sixty-nine percent of the total variance in the daily CH4 flux could be explained by the artificial neural network (ANN) model, with a combination of air temperature (Tair), latent heat flux (LE), soil volumetric water content (VWC), atmospheric pressure (Pa), and soil temperature at −10 cm (Tsoil), although the linear correlation between the daily CH4 flux and any of these individual variables was relatively low. This indicates that CH4 uptake in tropical rainforests is controlled by multiple environmental factors and that their relationships are nonlinear. Our findings also suggest that tropical rainforests in China acted as a CH4 sink during 2016–2018, helping to counteract global warming.

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Yang, Jianbo, Youxin Ma, Yang Bai, and Hui Cao. "Temporal variation of tree diversity of main forest vegetation in Xishuangbanna." Sustainable Forestry 4, no. 1 (May 18, 2021): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.24294/sf.v4i1.1602.

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In order to evaluate the temporal changes in tree diversity of forest vegetation in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, the study collected tree diversity data from four main forest vegetation in the region through a quadrat survey including tropical rainforest (TRF), tropical coniferous forest (COF), tropical lower mountain evergreen broad-leaved forest (TEBF), tropical seasonal moist forest (TSMF). We extracted the distribution of four forest vegetation in the region in four periods of 1992, 2000, 2009, and 2016 in combination with remote sensing images, using simp son Shannon Wiener and scaling species diversity indexes compare to the differences of tree evenness of four forest vegetation and use the scaling ecological diversity index and grey correlation evaluation model to evaluate the temporal changes of forest tree diversity in the region in four periods. The results show that: (1) The proportion of forest area has a trend of decreasing first and then increasing, which is shown by the reduction from 65.5% in 1992 to 53.42% in 2000, to 52.49% in 2009, and then to 54.73% in 2016. However, the tropical rainforest shows a continuous decreasing trend. (2) There are obvious differences in the contributions of the four kinds of forest vegetation to tree diversity. The order of evenness is tropical rainforest > tropical mountain (low mountain) evergreen broad-leaved forest > warm coniferous forest > tropical seasonal humid forest, and the order of richness is tropical rainforest > tropical mountain (low mountain) evergreen broad-leaved forest > tropical seasonal humid forest > warm coniferous forest, The order of contribution to tree diversity in tropical rainforest > tropical mountain (low mountain) evergreen broad-leaved forest > tropical seasonal humid forest > warm tropical coniferous forest. (3) The tree diversity of tropical rainforests and tropical seasonal humid forests showed a continuous decreasing trend. The tree diversity of forest vegetation in Xishuangbanna in four periods was 1992 > 2009 > 2016 > 2000. The above results show that economic activities are an important factor affecting the biodivesity of Xishuangbanna, and the protection of tropical rainforest is of great significance to maintain the biodiversity of the region.

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M. J. S. Bowman, D., and J. C. Z. Woinarski. "Biogeography of Australian monsoon rainforest mammals: implications for the conservation of rainforest mammals." Pacific Conservation Biology 1, no. 2 (1994): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc940098.

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Monsoon rainforests form an archipelago of small habitat fragments throughout the wet-dry tropics of northern Australia. According to the definition of Winter (1988) the current monsoon rainforest mammal assemblage contains only one rainforest specialist mammal species (restricted to Cape York Peninsula), and is dominated by eutherian habitat generalists (murids and bats) that mostly occur in surrounding savannah habitats. The mammal assemblages in monsoon rainforests across northern Australia (Cape York Peninsula, Northern Territory and the Kimberley) are essentially regional subsets of the local savannah and mangrove mammal assemblages, and consequently share only a limited number of species in common (most of which are bats). The lack of rainforest specialists in northwestern Australia is thought to be due to: (i) the lack of large tracts (> 1 000 ha) of monsoon rainforest habitat; (ii) the possible substantial contraction of these habitats in the past; and (iii) the limited extent of gallery rainforests, such rainforests being important habitats for rainforest mammals in South American savannahs. Unfortunately it is not possible to identify the threshold of habitat area required to maintain populations of monsoon rainforest specialist mammal species because of an impoverished fossil record pertaining to the past spatial distribution of monsoon rainforests. The implications of the lack of a specialist mammal fauna in Australian monsoon rainforests for the future of heavily fragmented tropical rainforests elsewhere in the world is briefly discussed. It is concluded that the analogy of habitat fragments to true islands is weak, that rainforest plant species are less vulnerable to local extinction than mammals, that the loss of mammal rainforest specialists may not result in a dramatic loss of plant species, and that corridors of rainforest may be critical for maintenance of rainforest mammal assemblages in areas currently subject to forest clearance.

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Kikkawa, Jiro, and Len Webb. "The Tropical Rain Forest: An Ecological Study." Pacific Conservation Biology 3, no. 2 (1997): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc970165.

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This long-awaited book would seem to mark the end of classical tropical botany and phytogeography as subjects for scholarly pursuits. Since the middle of the century, when the first edition of The Tropical Rain Forest appeared, the wet tropical lowlands of the world have become an industrial battleground and, today at the end of the "Second Millennium", the future of the remaining rainforests that have evolved over millions of years looks bleak. Indeed, the book may well become "a record of what the rainforest was like in the twentieth century", as stated on its first page. This elegiac declaration not only reflects world concern about its pending extinction, but also Professor Richards' increasingly personal involvement with rainforest conservation in his later years.

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Burnham, Robyn J., and Kirk R. Johnson. "South American palaeobotany and the origins of neotropical rainforests." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 359, no. 1450 (October 29, 2004): 1595–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2004.1531.

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Extant neotropical rainforest biomes are characterized by a high diversity and abundance of angiosperm trees and vines, high proportions of entire–margined leaves, high proportions of large leaves (larger than 4500 mm 2 ), high abundance of drip tips and a suite of characteristic dominant families: Sapotaceae, Lauraceae, Leguminosae (Fabaceae), Melastomataceae and Palmae (Arecaceae). Our aim is to define parameters of extant rainforests that will allow their recognition in the fossil record of South America and to evaluate all known South American plant fossil assemblages for first evidence and continued presence of those parameters. We ask when did these critical rainforest characters arise? When did vegetative parameters reach the level of abundance that we see in neotropical forests? Also, when do specific lineages become common in neotropical forests? Our review indicates that evidence of neotropical rainforest is exceedingly rare and equivocal before the Palaeocene. Even in the Palaeocene, the only evidence for tropical rainforest in South America is the appearance of moderately high pollen diversity. By contrast, North American sites provide evidence that rainforest leaf physiognomy was established early in the Palaeocene. By the Eocene in South America, several lines of evidence suggest that neotropical rainforests were diverse, physiognomically recognizable as rainforest and taxonomically allied to modern neotropical rainforests. A mismatch of evidence regarding the age of origin between sites of palaeobotanical high diversity and sites of predicted tropical climates should be reconciled with intensified collecting efforts in South America. We identify several lines of promising research that will help to coalesce previously disparate approaches to the origin, longevity and maintenance of high diversity floras of South America.

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Donald, Julian, Pete Maxfield, Don Murray, and M. D. Farnon Ellwood. "How Tropical Epiphytes at the Eden Project Contribute to Rainforest Canopy Science." Sibbaldia: the International Journal of Botanic Garden Horticulture, no. 14 (January 17, 2017): 55–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.24823/sibbaldia.2016.188.

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Understanding the ecological patterns and ecosystem processes of tropical rainforest canopies is becoming increasingly urgent in the face of widespread deforestation. However, accessing rainforest canopies is far from simple, and performing manipulative experiments in the canopy is particularly challenging. Botanic gardens provide an ideal ‘halfway house’ between field experiments and controlled laboratory conditions. As an ideal venue for testing equipment and refining ideas, botanic gardens also provide scientists with a direct route to public engagement, and potentially to research impact. Here we describe the ‘fernarium’, an adjustable canopy research platform for the standardisation, manipulation and detailed study of epiphytic bird’s nest ferns (Asplenium nidus) at the Eden Project in Cornwall. The fernarium provides a platform not only for the scientific study of bird’s nest ferns, but for public engagement, science communication and a wider understanding of the urgent environmental issues surrounding tropical rainforests. We include some preliminary results from an experiment in which the microbial community of a fern soil at the Eden Project was found to be similar in composition to that of a fern from lowland tropical rainforest in Malaysian Borneo. This study illustrates how preliminary experiments in an indoor rainforest can inform experimentaltechniques and procedures fundamental to the scientific study of genuine rainforest canopies.

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Malhi, Yadvinder, and James Wright. "Spatial patterns and recent trends in the climate of tropical rainforest regions." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 359, no. 1443 (March 29, 2004): 311–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2003.1433.

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We present an analysis of the mean climate and climatic trends of tropical rainforest regions over the period 1960–1998, with the aid of explicit maps of forest cover and climatological databases. Until the mid–1970s most regions showed little trend in temperature, and the western Amazon experienced a net cooling probably associated with an interdecadal oscillation. Since the mid–1970s, all tropical rainforest regions have experienced a strong warming at a mean rate of 0.26 ± 0.05 °C per decade, in synchrony with a global rise in temperature that has been attributed to the anthropogenic greenhouse effect. Over the study period, precipitation appears to have declined in tropical rainforest regions at a rate of 1.0 ± 0.8% per decade ( p < 5%), declining sharply in northern tropical Africa (at 3–4% per decade), declining marginally in tropical Asia and showing no significant trend in Amazonia. There is no evidence so far of a decline in precipitation in eastern Amazonia, a region thought vulnerable to climate–change–induced drying. The strong drying trend in Africa suggests that this should be a priority study region for understanding the impact of drought on tropical rainforests. We develop and use a dry–season index to study variations in the length and intensity of the dry season. Only African and Indian tropical rainforests appear to have seen a significant increase in dry–season intensity. In terms of interannual variability, the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the primary driver of temperature variations across the tropics and of precipitation fluctuations for large areas of the Americas and southeast Asia. The relation between ENSO and tropical African precipitation appears less direct.

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Venkataraman, Vivek V., Andrew K. Yegian, Ian J. Wallace, Nicholas B. Holowka, Ivan Tacey, Michael Gurven, and Thomas S. Kraft. "Locomotor constraints favour the evolution of the human pygmy phenotype in tropical rainforests." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 285, no. 1890 (November 7, 2018): 20181492. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.1492.

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The convergent evolution of the human pygmy phenotype in tropical rainforests is widely assumed to reflect adaptation in response to the distinct ecological challenges of this habitat (e.g. high levels of heat and humidity, high pathogen load, low food availability, and dense forest structure), yet few precise adaptive benefits of this phenotype have been proposed. Here, we describe and test a biomechanical model of how the rainforest environment can alter gait kinematics such that short stature is advantageous in dense habitats. We hypothesized that environmental constraints on step length in rainforests alter walking mechanics such that taller individuals are expected to walk more slowly due to their inability to achieve preferred step lengths in the rainforest. We tested predictions from this model with experimental field data from two short-statured populations that regularly forage in the rainforest: the Batek of Peninsular Malaysia and the Tsimane of the Bolivian Amazon. In accordance with model expectations, we found stature-dependent constraints on step length in the rainforest and concomitant reductions in walking speed that are expected to compromise foraging efficiency. These results provide the first evidence that the human pygmy phenotype is beneficial in terms of locomotor performance and highlight the value of applying laboratory-derived biomechanical models to field settings for testing evolutionary hypotheses.

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Дисертації з теми "Tropical rainforest"

Prescott, T. A. K. "Antimicrobial compounds from tropical rainforest plants." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.660747.

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Ethnobotanical fieldwork was carried out in New Guinea. An antibacterial field assay kit was developed using freeze-dried strains of S. epidermidis and E. coli which allowed plants used in traditional medicines to be screened in situ without having to take them back to a laboratory. This approach identified Lunasia amara (Blanco) as a candidate species; the use of its bark by tribes of the Whitman Range to treat tropical ulcers, supported by clear zones of inhibition with S. aureus. Samples of the bark were collected for analysis and through activity-guided fractionation, the anti- S. aureus activity of the bark extract was pinned down to a single well resolved HPLC peak (MIC S. aureus NCTC 6571 64μg/ml) which subsequent NMR analysis revealed to be the quinoline alkaloid lunacridine; 2’-O-trifluoroacetyl lunacridine was found to be a more stable derivative however. Lunacridine’s planar cationic structure suggested it might act as a DNA intercalator; 220μM giving 50% binding in an ethidium bromide displacement assay. This in turn suggested DNA topoisomerase II as a likely target for the compound which was confirmed with a kDNA decatenation assay revealing complete inhibition of the enzyme at 5μM. Cell viability assays with MRC-5, H226 and HELA cells showed the compound to be cytotoxic in a time dependent manner producing non-linear dose response curves indicative of a topoisomerase poison mode of action. Activation of the apoptosis pathway enzymes caspase 3/7 was also detected, reaching maximal activity between 24 and 48 hours for the H226 cell line. Thus, lunacridine does not represent a selective antibiotic but with the right structural modifications could be developed as an antineoplastic agent.

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Healey, John Robert. "Regeneration in a Jamaican montane tropical rainforest." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335160.

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Thomas, Raquel Simone. "Productivity and resource availability in lowland tropical rainforest in Guyana." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.404769.

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Gilman, Alex Caroline. "Biodiversity patterns in tropical montane rainforest flora of Costa Rica." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1472126481&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Nik, Abdul Rahim H. "The effects of selective logging methods on hydrological parameters in Peninsular Malaysia." Thesis, Bangor University, 1990. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-effects-of-selective-logging-methods-on-hydrological-parameters-in-peninsular-malaysia(9ed5e3d1-33ab-4cb1-91b0-7c043891921f).html.

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An experimental forest watershed, consisting of three small catchments at Berembun, Negeri Sembilan, in Peninsular Malaysia has been monitored from 1979 to 1987. Adequate instruments were installed for continuous collection of hydrologic and climatic data. The calibration and post-treatment phases lasted for three and four years respectively. Two types of treatments were imposed -namely commercial selective logging and supervised selective logging in catchment 1 and catchment 3 whilst catchment 2 remained as a control. Pertinent logging guidelines were prescribed and assessed in C3 in terms of hydrological responses. Significant water yield increases were observed after forest treatment in both catchments amounting to 165 mm (70%) and 87 mm (37%) respectively in the first year; increases persisted to the fourth year after treatment. Magnitude and rate of water yield increase primarily depended on the amount of forest removed and the prevailing rainfall regime and the increase was largely associated with baseflow augmentation. Interestingly, both types of selective loggings produced no significant effect on peak discharge while the commercial logging resulted in a significant increase in stormflow volume and initial discharge. Such responses can be explained by the extensive nature of selective logging which normally left a substantial area of forest intact and minimal disturbance to flow channels. Thus, conservation measures introduced in this study - the use of buffer strips, cross drains, an appropriate percentage for the forest road network,- were found to be effective and beneficial in ameliorating the hydrological impacts.

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Paul, Miriam. "Restoring Rainforest – the Capacities of Three Different Reforestation Pathways to Re-establish Ecosystem Properties." Thesis, Griffith University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366066.

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The broad scale destruction of tropical and subtropical rainforests has been one of the largest land-cover conversions taking place on earth, with a wide range of deleterious consequences at local, landscape, and global scales. While the resulting loss of biodiversity and habitat for rainforest-dependent fauna and flora has been well-studied as a major effect, clearing of rainforests also significantly influences soil processes such as biochemical cycles and microbial functions. More recently, there has been a growing public interest in reforestation activities. There are a range of different pathways by which rainforest cover can be restored to cleared land, including autogenic, or „natural‟, regrowth, management of this autogenic regrowth, and tree planting for ecological restoration. However, little is known about the recovery processes of ecosystem properties under different reforestation pathways in the same landscape. The broad objective of this thesis was to assess both the effects of deforestation on a range of ecosystem processes and the potential of different reforestation pathways to restore these processes. The study was conducted in the Big Scrub area in subtropical eastern Australia, a basaltic plateau that once supported the continent‟s largest continuous stand of lowland subtropical rainforest, which was mostly cleared for pasture in the mid to late 19th century. In this landscape, the properties of five site-types were compared, with five replicate sites in each. The site-types consisted of two reference conditions, pasture and intact rainforest, and three different reforestation pathways. These pathways were: autogenic regrowth dominated by the non-native tree species camphor laurel (Cinnamomum camphora); similar regrowth managed in order to remove the camphor laurel and release the growth of recruited rainforest seedlings; and ecological restoration plantations. Camphor laurel is a dominant species in the Big Scrub region, where it readily colonises abandoned pastures and is known to facilitate the recruitment of later successional rainforest tree species. In ecological restoration plantings, a high diversity of native rainforest tree seedlings is planted to restore biodiversity. The main ecosystem properties studied within the sites were as follows: 1. size and composition of viable soil seed banks; and 2. soil physical properties and nutrient cycles. This study also assessed the consequences of altered soil properties and nutrient dynamics for the early growth of rainforest pioneer seedlings. To assess the effects of deforestation and reforestation on soil seed banks, germination experiments were conducted using soil from all five site-types (three reforestation pathways, pasture, and rainforest sites). Germination trays were positioned in a shade-house and seedling emergence was monitored over a period of six months. Germinated seedlings were classified into functional groups according to their life-form, origin, successional stage, and dispersal mode. Additionally, floristic data from a subset of the study sites was used to examine how the seed bank was related to the standing vegetation. Despite a much larger total abundance of seeds in seed banks from pasture sites, these sites contained very few native woody plants and were dominated by grasses and herbaceous species. Further, seed banks of reforested and rainforest sites were mainly composed of pioneer and early secondary species, whereas late secondary and mature phase species appeared almost solely in the standing vegetation. The abundance and diversity of most of the functional groups that were impacted by deforestation showed values similar to rainforest in at least one of the three reforestation pathways; whilst the three pathways differed only slightly in their capacities to restore soil seed banks. In the initial phases of reforestation, however, seed banks play no vital role after long-term pasture establishment. The effects of deforestation and reforestation on the physical and biochemical properties of soil were tested by measuring a range of properties in soil samples from all five site-types. The main emphasis was placed on carbon- and nitrogen-related soil properties, as they are major nutrients in terrestrial ecosystems. Before these data were collected, a study was performed in a subset of the sites to identify the variation of soil properties at different spatial scales (subplot, site, and site-type level) and to develop a spatial design for the collection of soil samples within sites. For each of the five site-types, two replicate sites were measured, with 16 subplots in each site. Subplots were seven cm in diameter and regularly aligned with a spacing of 10 m. The seven soil properties measured in this soil variability study were: gravimetric water content; soil organic matter; pH; total organic carbon; microbial biomass carbon; nitrate-nitrogen, and nitrification rate. Across all sites, water content, soil organic matter, and pH showed a consistently low variability at all three spatial scales. In contrast, soil properties related to microbial processes exhibited higher degrees of spatial variability at the site and the subplot level. However, even in soil properties with a high tendency for spatial variability, the physical mixing of subsamples from subplots within a site, in contrast to analysing subsamples individually, could be validated as a useful technique to reduce analytical effort and cost. In the main study of soil properties under deforestation and reforestation, 19 properties were measured at each of five sites in each of the five site-types (the same 25 sites used for the seedling germination experiment). These properties consisted of: eight nitrogen-related variables (total nitrogen (N), ammonium-N, nitrate-N, total inorganic N, plant-available ammonium-N, plant-available nitrate-N, nitrification rates, and denitrification rates); six carbon-related properties (total carbon (C), total organic carbon, soil organic matter, 13C value, microbial biomass carbon, and soil microbial activity); and five general soil properties (gravimetric water content, pH, bulk density, fine root biomass, and plant-available phosphate). Of the 19 soil properties, nine differed significantly between rainforest and pasture. Nitrate-N levels, plant-available nitrate-N levels, nitrification rates, and fine root biomass were significantly greater in rainforest than in pasture sites, while plant-available ammonium-N levels, 13C values, pH, bulk density, and plant-available phosphate concentrations showed greater levels in pasture sites. Apart from fine root biomass, all of these soil properties were re-established to a level similar to that in rainforest in at least one of the three reforestation pathways. However, the capacity to re-establish soil properties varied among the three reforestation pathways. For example, autogenic regrowth dominated by camphor laurel showed a good recovery of nitrification, ammonium, and phosphate levels, but did not significantly facilitate the re-establishment of nitrate-N and bulk density. The impacts of soil properties – and hence deforestation and reforestation – on early seedling development were tested by measuring the growth of rainforest pioneer seedlings in soils collected from the three different reforestation pathways, as well as from pasture and rainforest soils. Three species, Alphitonia excelsa, Guioa semiglauca, and Omalanthus nutans, all fast-growing pioneer species that are common in the Big Scrub region, were chosen for this study. The seedlings were kept in a shade-house over a period of about seven months, and height and diameter were measured at regular time intervals. Although the three species varied significantly in height and diameter growth, they responded similarly to the five site-types, with generally lower growth rates in untreated autogenic regrowth and higher rates in soils from all other site-types, including pasture. However, there was little evidence that seedling performance was directly influenced by soil properties. Across all three species and all 25 sites, seedling growth rates...
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith School of Environment
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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Nitsch?Velasquez, Lucia. "Bioprospecting Three Plants from the Tropical Rainforest as Potential Antimicrobial Adjuvants." Thesis, State University of New York at Buffalo, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=13428243.

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The ‘resistance bacteria era’ is intrinsically related to the hospital acquired infections (HAI). The most frequent HAI causal agent in USA is multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) a priority of the Center for Disease Control for development for development of new drug treatments. A HAI key treatment is the oto and nephrotoxic aminoglycosides. One strategy is to enhance the antibiotic activity of antibiotics by combination with NPs, e.g., amoxicillin and the beta–lactamase inhibitor clavulanate.

Solutions for this urgent worldwide need can derive from bioprospecting species, specially from biodiversity rich countries e.g., the Guatemalan rainforests. Bioprospecting studies are envisioned under a business framework that are economic, social and eco–sustainable in the long term.

The enhancement of the bactericidal activity of commercially available aminoglycosides (_GEN, VAN) by polar extracts from three Guatemalan rain forest plants were evaluated: the cosmetic oil producer palm Attalea cohune (Ac and fraction Ac11k), the Catholic relic Bourreria huanita (Bh), and the food spice Dysphania ambrosioides (Da). The antibiotics’ minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) against MRSA–USA–300: Ac11k was reduced to 1/16MBC_GEN at 9.9 Ac11k mg/mL (synergistic effects), and to 1/2MBC_VAN at 94 Ac11k mg/mL (additive effects), and to 1/4MBC_GEN at 136 mg/mL ethanolic extract of Bh. The Da–ascaridol–less leaves’ extracts reduced Erwinia carotovora doubling time from 17 min to 12.5 min. hinting out that they may be potentially useful for the probiotics’ industry.

With an emphasis in natural products dereplication by chemoinformatics tools, the experimental data gathered (HR–MS, FTIR, ¹H–NMR spectroscopies) and the computational–assisted structure elucidation scheme were applied to derive the proposed structure of a new chemical entity probably present in Ac11k sample, Corozine A: a non–basic alkaloid with several putative ring types: (Z)-4-ethyl-1,2,6,7- tetrahydro-6,9-(methanoazenometheno)pyrrolo[2,1-d][1,5]oxazonine. Two additional potential targets related to sugars metabolism were found with ligand similarity search engines.

Corozine A and the other extracts studied are of interest for further research to improve its commercial exploitation. The vision of new commercial products derived from A. cohune would require a pilot project that re–engineers the extraction of fatty acids, essential oil, and alkaloids from the same raw material.

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Azim, Amir Affan Abdul. "Growth ring formation of selected tropical rainforest trees in Peninsular Malaysia." Master's thesis, Kyoto University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/188776.

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Kyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(農学)
甲第18338号
農博第2063号
新制||農||1023(附属図書館)
学位論文||H26||N4845(農学部図書室)
31196
京都大学大学院農学研究科森林科学専攻
(主査)教授大澤晃, 教授髙部圭司, 教授北山兼弘
学位規則第4条第1項該当

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Kroc, Jonathan Fleming. "Tucson's Rainforest: Data Processing for Tracing Carbon in Soil, Plants, and Atmosphere in the Tropical Rainforest of Biosphere 2." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/323455.

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Grainger, A. "The future role of the tropical rain forests in the world forest economy." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.377888.

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Книги з теми "Tropical rainforest"

Champion, Neil. Tropical rainforest. London: Franklin Watts, 2006.

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Michael, Bright. Tropical rainforest. New York: Gloucester Press, 1991.

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Rick, Bizzoco, ed. Tropical rainforest letters. Alpine, CA: California Trader Publications, 1993.

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W, Frith Dawn, ed. Australian tropical rainforest life. Paluma via Townsville, Queensland: Tropical Australia Graphics, 1986.

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Cranbrook, Gathorne Gathorne-Hardy. Belalong: A tropical rainforest. London, U.K: Royal Geographical Society, 1994.

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Edwards, D. S., W. E. Booth, and S. C. Choy, eds. Tropical Rainforest Research — Current Issues. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1685-2.

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Tscharntke, Teja, Christoph Leuschner, Manfred Zeller, Edi Guhardja, and Arifuddin Bidin, eds. Stability of Tropical Rainforest Margins. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-30290-2.

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Jackes, Betsy R. Plants of the tropical rainforest. Townsville, Qld., Australia: Botany Dept., James Cook University of North Queensland, 1990.

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1949-, Bernard George, and Mitchell Andrew 1937-, eds. Vanishing paradise: The tropical rainforest. Woodstock, N.Y: Overlook Press, 1990.

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Cowcher, Helen. Rainforest. London: André Deutsch Children's Books, 1988.

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Частини книг з теми "Tropical rainforest"

McFarland, Brian Joseph. "Tropical Rainforest Ecology." In Conservation of Tropical Rainforests, 59–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63236-0_3.

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Gale, Fred P. "The Tropical Rainforest Crisis." In The Tropical Timber Trade Regime, 1–11. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230371521_1.

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Gale, Fred P. "Tropical Deforestation and Rainforest Degradation." In The Tropical Timber Trade Regime, 42–60. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230371521_4.

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Gale, Fred P. "Explaining Tropical Deforestation and Rainforest Degradation." In The Tropical Timber Trade Regime, 204–26. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230371521_12.

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Ellen, Roy F. "Indigenous Knowledge of the Rainforest." In Human Activities and the Tropical Rainforest, 87–99. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1800-4_5.

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Claudino-Sales, Vanda. "Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Sumatra, Indonesia." In Coastal World Heritage Sites, 563–69. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1528-5_82.

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McFarland, Brian Joseph. "Green Bonds, Landscape Bonds, and Rainforest Bonds." In Conservation of Tropical Rainforests, 609–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63236-0_16.

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Barkmann, Jan, Klaus Glenk, Handian Handi, Leti Sundawati, Jan-Patrick Witte, and Rainer Marggraf. "Assessing economic preferences for biological diversity and ecosystem services at the Central Sulawesi rainforest margin — a choice experiment approach." In Stability of Tropical Rainforest Margins, 179–206. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-30290-2_10.

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Perfecto, Ivette, Inge Armbrecht, Stacy M. Philpott, Lorena Soto-Pinto, and Thomas V. Dietsch. "Shaded coffee and the stability of rainforest margins in northern Latin America." In Stability of Tropical Rainforest Margins, 225–61. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-30290-2_12.

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Börner, Jan, Manfred Denich, Arisbe Mendoza-Escalante, Bettina Hedden-Dunkhorst, and Tatiana Deane de Abreu Sá. "Alternatives to slash-and-burn in forest-based fallow systems of the eastern Brazilian Amazon region: Technology and policy options to halt ecological degradation and improve rural welfare." In Stability of Tropical Rainforest Margins, 333–61. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-30290-2_17.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Tropical rainforest"

Guillen, Gwennael. "Progressive reclamation in a tropical rainforest – French Guiana." In Sixth International Conference on Mine Closure. Australian Centre for Geomechanics, Perth, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.36487/acg_rep/1152_26_guillen.

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Long, David G., and Gary B. Skouson. "Calibration of spaceborne scatterometers using the Amazon tropical rainforest." In Optical Engineering and Photonics in Aerospace Sensing, edited by James C. Shiue. SPIE, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.152609.

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Westlund, Dave M., and Mark William Thurber. "Best Environmental Practices for Seismic Exploration in Tropical Rainforest." In SPE International Conference on Health, Safety and Environment in Oil and Gas Exploration and Production. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/126844-ms.

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Thurber, Mark William, Sebastian Valdivieso, Gabriel Noboa, and Francisco Silva. "Microhabitat Protection during Geophysical Exploration in High Diversity Tropical Rainforest." In SPE International Conference on Health, Safety, and Environment in Oil and Gas Exploration and Production. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/111536-ms.

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Prihatmanti, Rani. "Multi-Layer Balcony Planting: A Biomimetic Concept Of Tropical Rainforest." In ICRP 2019 - 4th International Conference on Rebuilding Place. Cognitive-Crcs, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epms.2019.12.17.

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Somers, Ben, and Gregory P. Asner. "Mapping tropical rainforest canopies using multi-temporal spaceborne imaging spectroscopy." In SPIE Remote Sensing, edited by Christopher M. U. Neale and Antonino Maltese. SPIE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2028508.

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Shuo, L., and J. Xu. "Multiple Vesicles of Double Lung from the Tropical Rainforest of China." In American Thoracic Society 2020 International Conference, May 15-20, 2020 - Philadelphia, PA. American Thoracic Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2020.201.1_meetingabstracts.a5753.

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Benalcazar, Fernando L., Mark William Thurber, and David M. Westlund. "Environmental and Social Management of Seismic Operations in Sensitive Tropical Rainforest." In SPE International Health, Safety & Environment Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/98556-ms.

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Latif, Zulkiflee Abd, Rabiatul Adawiyah Nasir, and Wan Mohd Naim Wan Mohd. "Diurnal microclimate variations in tropical rainforest: Case study of Kuala Tahan, Pahang." In 2012 IEEE Colloquium on Humanities, Science and Engineering (CHUSER). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/chuser.2012.6504356.

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Thurber, Mark William, David M. Westlund, and Fernando L. Benalcazar. "Reducing the Footprint of 3D Seismic in the Tropical Rainforest of Ecuador." In SPE Asia Pacific Health, Safety and Environment Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/95384-ms.

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Patrick Gonzalez, Benjamin Kroll, and Carlos R. Vargas. Forest Restoration Carbon Analysis of Baseline Carbon Emissions and Removal in Tropical Rainforest at La Selva Central, Peru. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/876495.

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Hirota, Marina, Carlos A. Nobre, Ane Alencar, Julia Areiera, Francisco de Assis Costa, Bernardo Flores, Clarissa Gandour, et al. Policy Brief: A call for global action to move the Amazon rainforest system away from tipping points. Sustainable Development Solutions Network (SDSN), November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55161/jvyw3199.

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Global climate change, the conversion of large areas of tropical forest to agriculture and rangelands, and forest degradation driven by wildfires are pushing the Amazon towards irreversible thresholds, often called tipping points. We need an immediate deforestation moratorium in areas more likely to cross a tipping point (e.g., Southern Amazon), and in protected areas and Indigenous territories; so that there is zero deforestation in the Amazon by 2030.

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Touzi, R., and A. Sasitiwarih. On the Use of Radarsat and JERS-1 Satellite SARs for Trail and Road Detection in Tropical Rainforests. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/219360.

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