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Статті в журналах з теми "Tree species effect":
1
Zhang, Rongfei, and Ziyan Zhao. "Giant Trees Exhibited Great Cooling Effect in Residential Area Southwest of China." Forests 13, no. 9 (September 19, 2022): 1516. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13091516.
Анотація:
In recent years, extreme weather has become more and more frequent. The extreme heat in summer is a serious threat to human health. Chongqing is one of the hottest cities in China, and the high temperature in summer can cause skin cancer and heat stroke. Green plants in residential areas play a great role in cooling down air temperature. However, there are no accurate numerical references for which plants have a better cooling effect. Therefore, seven species of trees with the highest planting rate were selected in seven residential areas as research objects in this study. By measuring the temperature under the trees and related control factors, this study was conducted to clarify the following: (1) Which species of tree has the best cooling effect? (2) Whether tree species and size matter with the cooling effect. (3) What are the controlling factors and principles that affect the tree cooling effect? The results showed that: (1) Giant trees have the best cooling effect. (2) The cooling effects of Ficus virens, Camphor tree, and Ficus macrocarpa were significantly better than the other four species of trees. (3) The high rate of water replenishment in plants gives giant trees a greater cooling effect. This study is of great practical significance to the selection of plants in the green belt of residential communities, and has great theoretical significance to understand the principle of the plant cooling effect.
2
Feliksik, Edward, and Sławomir Wilczyński. "The Effect of Climate on Tree-Ring Chronologies of Native and Nonnative Tree Species Growing Under Homogenous Site Conditions." Geochronometria 33, no. -1 (January 1, 2009): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10003-009-0006-4.
Анотація:
The Effect of Climate on Tree-Ring Chronologies of Native and Nonnative Tree Species Growing Under Homogenous Site ConditionsDendroclimatic studies were carried out in the experimental stands composed of many tree species situated in the Polish part of the Baltic sea-coast. Increment cores were taken from a 100-years old trees of 2 native species: Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.), and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestrisL.) and 3 nonnative species: Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii(Mirb.) Franco), Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis(Bong.) Carr.) and Silver fir (Abies albaMill.). Thirty trees of each species were cored. The relationships between the diameter increment and the thermal and pluvial conditions during the period from 1925 to 2005 were analyzed on the basis of standardized tree-ring chronologies and climatic data. It was found that precipitation and temperature of the growing season and months preceding that season affected the annual diameter increment of all investigated tree species. The current year winter and early spring temperatures as well as February and August precipitation had a similar effect on the variation of diameter increment of trees. On the other hand thermal and pluvial conditions of the current year June differentiated the increment rhythm of individual species. A very strong negative effect on diameter growth of trees was observed in the case of winter and early spring frosts. Norway spruce turned out to be a species most resistant to low temperatures. The investigated tree species, especially Norway spruce, was susceptible to water deficiency in the soil during spring and summer. In the case of Scots pine a high precipitation in June stimulated its growth. The diameter increments of Douglas fir, Sitka spruce, Scots pine, and Silver fir were more strongly connected with air temperature than with precipitation. So called all-species chronology of tree-ring width, constructed during this study, permitted to verify the factors having a similar effect on growth response of the investigated tree species. It reflected the mutual characteristics of diameter increments of trees of various species.
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Cysneiros, Vinicius Costa, Allan Libanio Pelissari, Tatiana Dias Gaui, Luan Demarco Fiorentin, Daniel Costa de Carvalho, Telmo Borges Silveira Filho, and Sebastião do Amaral Machado. "Modeling of tree height–diameter relationships in the Atlantic Forest: effect of forest type on tree allometry." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 50, no. 12 (December 2020): 1289–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2020-0060.
Анотація:
Tree height is one of the most important variables for quantitative assessment of forest stocks, but it is difficult to directly measure. Such allometric relationships of trees can vary between geographical regions, however, mainly due to climatic, edaphic, and floristic gradients. Based on the hypothesis that different forest types influence the generic modeling of tree height–diameter relationships on geographical scales, this study aimed to (i) fit equations to estimate tree height in Atlantic Forest types in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; (ii) compare efficiency and precision between generic and specific equations for forest types; and (iii) test the effect of different forest types and species on the height–diameter relationship. Four allometric models were tested for all forests (generic) and three main forest types (specific). Effects of tree size, forest types, and species on tree height estimation were analyzed using multiple linear models and mixed-effect linear models. A significant effect of forest type and species on tree height was seen, showing the need to apply local specific equations to minimize the effects that are not captured by generic equations. Differences in tree allometry between forest types were associated with temperature, rainfall, soil, and forest structure. These results confirm the effect of the local environment on the height–diameter relationship of trees as found over large scales in tropical forests.
4
OLIVAL, Alexandre de Azevedo, Saulo Eduardo Xavier Franco de SOUZA, Jozivaldo Prudêncio Gomes de MORAES, and Mariana CAMPANA. "Effect of Amazonian tree species on soil and pasture quality in silvopastoral systems." Acta Amazonica 51, no. 4 (December 2021): 281–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-4392202004692.
Анотація:
ABSTRACT With the expansion of livestock in the Amazon region, a high percentage of pasture areas are degraded and unproductive. Novel strategies are needed, including the use of native tree species, to simultaneously achieve economic and ecosystem benefits. This study aimed at assessing the effects of five multipurpose native tree species on soil fertility and forage quality of Urochloa brizantha pastures in the southern Amazon. Soil and forage samples were collected under the crown and adjacent to 25 isolated trees belonging to five species during a dry and a rainy season. The presence of native trees positively affected the level of potassium, calcium and manganese in the soil, as well as the mineral matter and crude protein of the forage, especially in the dry season, suggesting a protective effect against the seasonal drought. The tree species had variable effects on soil fertility and forage quality. Soil under Apeiba tibourbou had higher potassium levels, while the forage under Handroanthus serratifolius had higher protein and fiber content. Our results indicate that it is important to diversify silvopastoral systems in the Amazon through the use of native tree species, contributing to the design of novel silvopastoral strategies in the region. Common multipurpose tree species with widespread natural distribution could be used as a complementary aspect of pasture management to provide a protective effect against drought, contribute to enhanced nutrient cycling and even increase forage quality.
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Janda, Milan, and Martina Konečná. "Canopy assemblages of ants in a New Guinea rain forest." Journal of Tropical Ecology 27, no. 1 (December 17, 2010): 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467410000623.
Анотація:
Abstract:The ant assemblages in two common tree species in primary lowland forest of New Guinea were explored using direct canopy access and tuna bait traps. The 19 trees investigated were occupied by 21 ant species of which 18 were canopy inhabitants. On average only 3.6 ant species per tree and 3 species per bait were found. Height of bait position was positively related to ant species richness, with the upper parts of the canopy being occupied by the highest number of species. On the other hand, tree species and study site did not have any effect on ant species richness nor on structure of the ant assemblages. Ant species appeared to be distributed randomly and we did not detect any effect of distance on similarity of ant assemblage occurring on the trees. The dominant species (Crematogaster polita) had certain negative effects on the presence of some species at food sources co-occurring at the same tree, but it did co-occur with the other ants to some extent as well. The majority of species found in the canopy were generalist omnivores (depending mainly on trophobionts or plant exudates).
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Monegi, P., N. R. Mkhize, T. J. Tjelele, D. Ward, and Z. Tsvuura. "The impact of tree removal on standing grass biomass, seedling establishment and growth of woody species." Rangeland Journal 44, no. 1 (April 6, 2022): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj21003.
Анотація:
The removal of trees in rangelands can create gaps and lead to increased grass production that could suppress subsequent tree seedling establishment and growth. However, gaps can also enhance the growth of remaining trees. We conducted a field experiment at two savanna sites with different soil texture and woody species. We used 24 plots at each site to determine the effect of tree-removal intensities (0%, 10%, 20%, 50%, 75% and 100%) on grass production, tree-seedling establishment and growth, and growth of the remaining large trees. Site 1 was on previously cultivated severely-eroded clay-dominated soils, encroached by a monospecific stand of Vachellia tortilis. Site 2 had never been cultivated, and was on sandy soils with several woody species. At Site 1, 75 and 100% tree removal significantly reduced standing grass biomass towards the end of the first growing season, with no differences towards the end of the second season. At Site 2, tree removal significantly increased standing grass biomass. There was no significant effect of tree removal on tree seedling establishment at Site 1, but at Site 2 tree removal had a significantly negative effect on overall tree seedling establishment. At both sites, there were no significant differences in tree seedling growth. Moderate (50%) to high (75%) removal of trees had a positive effect on the growth of remaining large trees at both study sites. We found that tree seedling establishment could be affected by the level of grass biomass following tree removal, but other factors including soil erosion are also important considerations. Reduced tree competition facilitates growth of remaining large trees. An implication of these findings is that, regardless of the substantial costs of woody plant control, the recovery of key ecosystem services such as an increased forage production may not be realised. However, we recognise that this may be system-specific.
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Rola, Kaja, Vítězslav Plášek, Katarzyna Rożek, and Szymon Zubek. "Effect of tree species identity and related habitat parameters on understorey bryophytes – interrelationships between bryophyte, soil and tree factors in a 50-year-old experimental forest." Plant and Soil 466, no. 1-2 (July 16, 2021): 613–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11104-021-05074-w.
Анотація:
Abstract Aim Overstorey tree species influence both soil properties and microclimate conditions in the forest floor, which in turn can induce changes in ground bryophyte communities. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of tree species identity and the most important habitat factors influencing understorey bryophytes. Methods We assessed the effect of 14 tree species and related habitat parameters, including soil parameters, vascular plant presence and light intensity on bryophytes in monospecific plots covered by nearly fifty-year-old trees in the Siemianice Experimental Forest (Poland). Results The canopy tree species determined bryophyte species richness and cover. The strongest differences were observed between plots with deciduous and coniferous trees. Soils with a more acidic pH and lower content of macronutrients supported larger bryophyte coverage. We also found a positive correlations between vascular plants and availability of light as well as bryophyte species richness. Conclusion Tree species identity and differences in habitat conditions in the forest floor lead to changes of ground bryophyte richness, cover and species composition. Consequently, the changes in the dominant tree species in the stand may result in significant repercussions on ground bryophyte communities. We indicated that the introduction of alien tree species, i.e. Quercus rubra, has an adverse effect on bryophyte communities and suggested that the selection of tree species that contribute to the community consistent with the potential natural vegetation is highly beneficial for maintaining ground bryophyte biodiversity.
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Shekanino, Anette, Avaleen Agustin, Annette Aladefa, Jason Amezquita, Demetri Gonzalez, Emily Heldenbrand, Alyssa Hernandez, et al. "Differential Stomatal Responses to Surface Permeability by Sympatric Urban Tree Species Advance Novel Mitigation Strategy for Urban Heat Islands." Sustainability 15, no. 15 (August 3, 2023): 11942. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151511942.
Анотація:
As urbanization draws more people to metropolitan areas, a steadfast increase in impervious surfaces ultimately contributes to a pronounced urban heat island effect. While city greening strategies to mitigate urban thermal effects often tout street-tree cover expansion, many plant species are susceptible to heat stress, limiting survivorship, primary productivity, and ecosystem services. Our research objective was to characterize how urban imperviousness impacted the photosynthetic traits of four sympatric tree species in Old Town La Verne, California. We found that while Camphor trees (Camphora officinarum) and Carrotwood trees (Cupaniopsis anacardioides) did not differ significantly in photosynthetic traits at sites with impervious and pervious surfaces, both Coast Live Oak trees (Quercus agrifolia) and Olive trees (Olea europaea) showed significant differences in leaf stomatal length and density. Our findings suggest that the photosynthetic traits of some exotic tree species may be less susceptible to surface permeability than either native or floristically indigenous tree species. We propose that urban greening initiatives adopt a temporal strategy for mitigating urban heat island effects, starting with an urban canopy composed of exotic trees more resilient to impervious surfaces and later transitioning to a recombinant canopy ecology of floristically relevant tree species suited for the soil permeability native to southern California.
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Kambach, Stephan, Christopher Sadlowski, Derek Peršoh, Marco Alexandre Guerreiro, Harald Auge, Oliver Röhl, and Helge Bruelheide. "Foliar Fungal Endophytes in a Tree Diversity Experiment Are Driven by the Identity but Not the Diversity of Tree Species." Life 11, no. 10 (October 13, 2021): 1081. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11101081.
Анотація:
Symbiotic foliar fungal endophytes can have beneficial effects on host trees and might alleviate climate-induced stressors. Whether and how the community of foliar endophytes is dependent on the tree neighborhood is still under debate with contradicting results from different tree diversity experiments. Here, we present our finding regarding the effect of the tree neighborhood from the temperate, densely planted and 12-years-old Kreinitz tree diversity experiment. We used linear models, redundancy analysis, Procrustes analysis and Holm-corrected multiple t-tests to quantify the effects of the plot-level tree neighborhood on the diversity and composition of foliar fungal endophytes in Fagus sylvatica, Quercus petraea and Picea abies. Against our expectations, we did not find an effect of tree diversity on endophyte diversity. Endophyte composition, however, was driven by the identity of the host species. Thirteen endophytes where overabundant in tree species mixtures, which might indicate frequent spillover or positive interactions between foliar endophytes. The independence of the diversity of endophytes from the diversity of tree species might be attributed to the small plot size and the high density of tree individuals. However, the mechanistic causes for these cryptic relationships still remain to be uncovered.
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Chen, Ya-Jun, Frans Bongers, Kun-Fang Cao, and Zhi-quan Cai. "Above- and below-ground competition in high and low irradiance: tree seedling responses to a competing liana Byttneria grandifolia." Journal of Tropical Ecology 24, no. 05 (September 2008): 517–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467408005233.
Анотація:
Abstract:In tropical forests, trees compete not only with other trees, but also with lianas, which may limit tree growth and regeneration. Liana effects may depend on the availability of above- and below-ground resources and differ between tree species. We conducted a shade house experiment to test the effect of light (4% and 35% full sun, using neutral-density screen) on the competitive interactions between seedlings of one liana (Byttneria grandifolia) and three tree species (two shade-tolerant trees,Litsea dilleniifoliaandPometia tomentosa, and one light-demanding tree,Bauhinia variegata) and to evaluate the contribution of both above- and below-ground competition. Trees were grown in four competition treatments with the liana: no competition, root competition, shoot competition and root and shoot competition. Light strongly affected leaf photosynthetic capacity (light-saturated photosynthetic rate,Pn), growth and most morphological traits of the tree species. Liana-induced competition resulted in reducedPn, total leaf areas and relative growth rates (RGR) of the three tree species. The relative importance of above- and below-ground competition differed between the two light levels. In low light, RGR of the three tree species was reduced more strongly by shoot competition (23.1–28.7% reduction) than by root competition (5.3–26.4%). In high light, in contrast, root competition rather than shoot competition greatly reduced RGR. Liana competition affected most morphological traits (except for specific leaf area and leaf area ratio ofLitseaandPometia), and differentially altered patterns of biomass allocation in the tree seedlings. These findings suggest that competition from liana seedlings can greatly suppress growth in tree seedlings of both light-demanding and shade-tolerant species and those effects differ with competition type (below- and above-ground) and with irradiance.
Дисертації з теми "Tree species effect":
1
Lisi, Claudio S., Luiz C. R. Pessenda, Mario Tomazello, and Kazimiers Rozanski. "¹⁴C Bomb Effect in Tree Rings of Tropical and Subtropical Species of Brazil." Tree-Ring Society, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/251653.
Анотація:
Atmospheric nuclear tests in the early 1960s introduced large amounts of radiocarbon into the atmosphere, which resulted in an increase of tropospheric ¹⁴CO₂ concentration by nearly 100% during the years 1964-1965. The bomb-produced ¹⁴C was then gradually incorporated within the global carbon cycle. The history of ¹⁴C concentration in the troposphere is preserved within annual growth layers of trees and can be reconstructed for those areas where direct measurements of 14C in the atmosphere were not performed. The paper presents results of ¹⁴C activity measurements in tree rings of tropical and subtropical species from Brazil, for the period 1945-1997. We investigated two species ( Araucaria angustifolia and Parkia sp.) growing at three sites covering the latitudinal band between 7 °S and 24 °S. The results indicate that the maximum ¹⁴C activity in the Southern Hemisphere occurred in 1965, with the Δ¹⁴C values reaching around 700%. Significant differences in Δ¹⁴C were recorded among the studied sites for the period of maximal ¹⁴C levels in the atmosphere, with the highest level observed at the tropical site and lowest in the subtropical zone. This reflects the dynamics of interhemispheric transport of ¹⁴C during the years of high spatial and temporal gradients of this isotope in the atmosphere.
2
Morrissey, T. "The effect of tree species on fluxes of nitrous oxide from forest soils." Thesis, University of York, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.428519.
3
Gindaba, Jiregna. "Water and nutrient relations of selected tree species of Ethiopia." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/16050.
Анотація:
Dissertation (PhD (Bosb))--University of Stellenbosch, 2003.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study was conducted to evaluate and compare the water and nutrient relations of three indigenous deciduous tree species, viz., Cordia africana Lam., Croton macrostachyus Del., Millettia ferruginea (Hochst.) Baker and two widely planted eucalypts, viz., Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh and Eucalyptus globulus Labill from Ethiopia. The study was organized as glasshouse and field observations in Ethiopia. Owing to the lack of baseline studies on the water and nutrient relations of the deciduous tree species, the glasshouse experiments involved a wide range of water and nutrient applications. Seedlings were grown with the supply of various levels of water and nutrients during which gas exchange, water potential, relative water content, tissue nutrient content and biomass production were measured. The field observations were limited to the study of surface root distribution and leaf nutrient composition of mature trees and their effects on soil nutrient pool. The observations were made on isolated trees and mixed or pure stands of trees in Badessa area, Eastern Ethiopia. The field site was selected because of the availability of the study species and suitability of the trees for the study. In the glasshouse, increased water deficit significantly reduced predawn leaf water potential, relative water content, stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rate, whole plant water use efficiency, plant height, diameter, leaf area and biomass production. Both of the eucalypts did not grow faster than the deciduous species under well-watered conditions unlike under water stress conditions. C. macrostachyus and C. africana had higher transpiration rates and tissue nutrient accumulations than the other species. They also demonstrated higher biomass allocation to roots than all the other species to support the intensive water and nutrient uptake rate. Due to the ability to re-orient its leaves to avoid direct solar irradiance, M. ferruginea maintained higher tissue water potential and relative water content than all the other species under water stress regimes. The impact of imposed drought was quick and more damaging to the eucalypts compared to the deciduous tree species indicating that the eucalypts may not survive extreme drought conditions unlike the deciduous species that drop their leaves and may remain dormant for weeks. The current study gave new experimental proof that E. globulus was more vulnerable to drought than E. camaldulensis. Soil N stress resulted in an overall reduction of tissue N concentration, N:P ratio, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and photosynthetic water use efficiency in all the species studied. Pants with high foliar nitrogen concentration had higher photosynthetic capacities indicating that N plays a key role in photosynthesis and growth of all the studied species. The current study showed that for all the tree species, more attention has to be given to soil N than to P as soil P had minor effects on the photosynthetic activities of plants of all species compared to N.The investigation on tissue nutrient composition confirmed that N:P ratio could be used to detect Plimitation in plants. However, N:P ratio could not distinguish between N-limitation and combined limitations of N and P. The study of isolated C. africana and C. macrostachyus trees on soils in Badessa, Eastern Ethiopia indicated improved soil N, P and K under tree canopies whereas no effects were observed on the other soil nutrients studied. Similar to glasshouse conditions, C. macrostachyus and C. africana produced extensive surface roots, interfering with crops grown in association. Due to their high nutrient cycling potential the net effect on soil was positive. Comparison of E. camaldulensis woodlot and a mixed stand composed of deciduous species indicated that the fine root biomass in the surface soil under E. camaldulensis was about three times that under the mixed stand. The fine root biomass of E. camaldulensis inside the stand and 10 meters away from the stand were comparable in the surface soils showing the presence of root competition with adjacent crops. Therefore, planting of E. camaldulensis in association or adjacent to croplands should be avoided. Nutrient and carbon pool of soil inside the mixed stand was generally higher than that of E. camaldulensis indicating that trees of the mixed stand recycled more nutrients to the soil.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie studie was om die verskille tussen water- en voedingstofverhoudings van drie inheemse blaarwisselemde boomsoorte te vergelyk, viz., Cordia africana Lam., Croton macrostachyus Del., Millettia ferruginea (Hochst.) Baker en twee bekende eucalyptus spesies, viz., Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh en Eucalyptus globulus Labil van Etiopië. Die studie het bestaan uit kweekhuis- en veldobservasies in Etiopië. As gevolg van beperkte navorsing ten opsigte van water- en voedingstofverhoudings in bladwisselende boomsoorte, het die kweekhuis-eksperimente bestaan uit 'n wye verkeidenheid water- en voedingstoftoetse. Saailinge is gegroei deur verskillende vlakke van water- en voedingstowwe by te voeg. Gaswisseling, waterpotensiaal, relatiewe hoeveelheid water, hoeveelheid voedingstowwe en produksie van biomassa is gemeet. Die veldobservasies was beperk tot oppervlak-wortelverspreiding en blaarvoedingstof hoeveelhede van volwasse bome, sowel as die effek op grondvoedingstowwe. Observasies was beperk tot geïsoleerde, gemengde en een spesie opstande, in die Badessa area, Oos Etiopië. Die studiearea was gekies op grond van die voorkoms van die gekose boomsoorte, sowel as die toepaslikheid van die bome vir die studie. In die kweekhuis is gevind dat die verhoogte watertekort die pre-sonop blaarwaterpotensiaal, relatiewe hoeveelheid water, stomatiese geleiding, fotosintetiese tempo, heelplant water-gebruikseffektiwiteit, plant hoogte, diameter, blaararea en biomassa produksie beduidend verminder het. Nie een van die eucalyptus spesies het vinniger as die bladwisselende spesies onder voldoende hidrasie gegroei nie. Dit was egter nie die geval onder die waterbeperkte toestande nie. C. macrostachyus en C. africana het ‘n hoër transpirasie tempo sowel as weefselvoedingstof waardes gehad as die ander spesies. Hierdie boomsoorte se wortelbiomassa was ook meer as die ander spesies, om vir die tempo van water- en voedingstofopname te akkomodeer. As gevolg van die vermoë om blare te kan oriënteer om direkte sonlig te vookom, het M. ferruginea ‘n hoër water-weefselpotensiaal en relatiewe waterinname gehad in vergelyking met die ander boomsoorte in beperkte water toestande. Die impak van gëinisieerde droogte het vinnig voorgekom en het meer skade aan die eucalyptus aangerig in vergelyking met die bladwisselende boomsoorte. Dit dui aan dat die eucalyptus-spesie nie ekstreme droogte kan oorleef nie, waar bladwisselende spesies hul blare laat afval en vir weke aan een dormant kan bly. Hierdie studie gee eksperimentele bewyse dat E. globulus minder bestand is teen droogte as E. camaldulensis. Beperkte N in die grond het veroorsaak dat daar ‘n algemene vermindering van weefsel Nkonsentrasie, N:P ratio, fotosintetiese tempo, stomatiese geleiding en fotosintetiese watergebruiks effektiwiteit in al die bestudeerde spesies was. Plante wat oor hoër blaar-stikstofkonsentrasiesbeskik, het hoër fotosintetiese kapasiteite wat aandui dat N ‘n belangrike rol in fotosintese en die groei van al die bestudeerde spesies speel. Die oorhoofse bevindings van die studie was, dat daar meer aandag gegee moet word aan grond-N as P omdat grond-P net ‘n kleiner rol speel in die fotosintetiese aktiwiteite van plante van al die spesies in vergelyking met N. Die ondersoek na weefselvoedingstof hoeveelhede het bewys dat die N:P ratio gebruik kan word om P-tekorte in plante aan te dui. Die N:P ratio kan egter nie die verskil in N-tekorte en gekombineerde tekorte van N en P aandui nie. Die studie van die geïsoleerde C. africana en C. macrostachyus bome op grondtipes in Badessa, Oos Etiopië het verbeterde grond-N, P en K onder kroondak gebiede getoon, daar was egter geen verskille in die ander grondvoedingstowwe wat bestudeer is nie. In toestande gelykstaande aan die van die kweekhuis, het C. macrostachyus en C. africana meer oppervlaksswortels ontwikkel. Die toename aan oppervlakswortels het ingedring op gewasse wat in assosiasie gegroei is, dit het egter ‘n positiewe effek op die grond gehad as gevolg van die hoë voedingstof-siklus-potensiaal. Die E. camaldulensis opstand is gevergelyk met ‘n gemengde opstand van bladwisselende spesies waar daar gevind is dat die fynwortel biomassa in die oppervlak grond onder die E. camaldulensis ongeveer drie keer soveel was as die van onder die gemengde opstand. Kompetisie met aangrensende gewasse is aangeui deurdat die fynwortel biomassa van E. camaldulensis binne die opstand en 10 meter weg van die opstand vergelykbaar was in die oppervlakgronde. Dit dui dus aan dat die plant van E. camaldulensis in assosiasie of aangrensend aan gewasse vermy moet word. Die teenwoordigheid van voedingstowwe en koolstof in die grond van die gemengde opstand was oor die algemeen hoër as die van die E. camaldulensis. Dit is ‘n aanduiding dat die bome van die gemengde opstand meer voedingstowwe aan die grond verskaf.
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Hill, J. L. "The effect of forest spatial geometry on tree species diversity in tropical forest patches." Thesis, Swansea University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.637276.
Анотація:
Species loss in fragmented tropical forest is the greatest single threat to biodiversity. Fragmentation involves changes in the size, shape and spatial distribution of existing forest. Understanding these effects and comparing their impact with the influence of other environmental variables is of utmost importance in prioritising forest blocks for conservation. The spatial geometry of forest blocks in Ghana, West Africa, was examined with respect to tree species number and composition. Tree species number proved to be positively related to forest block area, according to laws of probability and ecological determinism. In addition, tree species composition was dictated by forest block size, with larger reserves recording significantly more rate species than smaller ones. Additional species encountered in reserves of increasing size followed a predictable pattern, which allowed the identification of species vulnerable to habitat loss. An effect of forest block shape on the structure and composition of tree species was visible using coarse spatial resolution satellite sensor imagery. Fragmentation of a previously continuous canopy led to distinct forest edge effects. This was verified by ground data, which showed an increase in the proportions of common pioneer species along reserve peripheries. Significant trends were only detected across small areas: indicating that shape is not an important consideration in the design of larger forest reserves. The effect of forest block proximity on tree species number was examined using regression analysis, but any rôle of proximity was dominated by the influence of area. The influence of climate and fire activity was strongly expressed throughout the examination of spatial geometry in the form of residual variation about the regression line. Results of multivariate analysis indicated that the management of size and disturbance should be considered in preference to shape and proximity if higher levels of diversity and bioquality are to be maintained.
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Chappelka, Arthur H. "The combined effects of ozone, sulfur dioxide and simulated acid rain on the growth of three forest tree species." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/74726.
Анотація:
Nine-week-old yellow-poplar and green and white ash were exposed to various concentrations of O₃ (0.00 to 0.15 ppm) and/or SO₂ (0.08 ppm), 4 hr/d, 5d/wk in combination with simulated rain (pHs 5.6, 4.3, 3.0), 1 hr/d, 2 d/wk, for 5 or 6 wk under controlled laboratory conditions. Pollutant exposures resulted in alterations in seedling biomass accumulation, growth rates, changes in carbon allocation among plant parts and modification in physiological processes associated with gas exchange. Ozone (0.010 ppm) and SO₂ together caused a significant decrease in height growth and biomass and an increase in leaf area ratio (LAR) in yellow-poplar. Ozone and SO₂ exposures resulted in linear decreases and increases, respectively, in root dry weight, leaf area increase, relative growth rates of all yellow-poplar plant parts and unit leaf rate with decreasing rain pH. Chlorophyll content increased in both O₃ and SO₂ treatments with increasing rain acidity. In green and white ash experiments height growth was inhibited by O₃, SO₂ and O₃ + SO₂ for green ash, whereas only leaf dry weight was decreased by O₃ exposure in white ash. Decreasing rain pH resulted in linear decreases in root/shoot ratio (RSR) and LAR, for white ash. In green ash, a quadratic response to rain pH occurred with these growth variables. Ozone and O₃ + SO₂-treated green ash exhibited a significant quadratic response in leaf weight ratio with increasing rain acidity. Leaf area ratio and RSR exhibited linear increases and decreases, respectively, for O₃ and rain acidity. In SO₂-treated white ash with increasing white ash and yellow-poplar seedlings exposed to various O₃ concentrations and simulated rain for 5 and 6 weeks, respectively, increasing O₃ concentrations caused linear decreases in height and biomass of white ash. Linear decreases in root growth rate and biomass and RSR occurred with decreasing rain pH, across O₃ treatments. Ozone (0.05 or 0.10 ppm) caused linear decreases in these variables in combination with increasing rain acidity. For yellow-poplar, increasing O₃ concentrations caused linear increases in RSR and specific leaf area. At 0.05 and 0.10 ppm O₃, stem and leaf biomass, their relative growth rates and leaf area all decreased with decreasing rain pH. Ozone (0.10 ppm) exposure caused a decrease in stomatal conductance, and decreasing variable. rain pH resulted in a linear decrease in this A linear decrease in net photosynthesis also occurred with increasing rain acidity in O₃-treated (0.10 ppm) plants. These results demonstrate that gaseous pollutants in combination with simulated acid rain can have detrimental effects on growth of three forest tree species, under controlled laboratory conditions.Ph. D.
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Schaap, James Cornelis. "Nitrogen fertilization and tree species effect on the soil microbial communities and consequences for soil carbon." Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of Biological Sciences, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/6582.
Анотація:
In the face of ever increasing atmospheric CO₂ a better understanding of soil properties and processes and the effect of management practices, such as the application of nitrogen fertilizer is of importance and could potentially improve our ability to sustainably manage forestry systems. With that in mind this study was conducted in order to investigate the effects of tree species and fertilization on soil carbon and the soil microbial community. To this end, soil from fertilized and unfertilized plots at Berwick forest, under stands of Pinus radiata and Sequoia sempervirens at Hanmer and under six different tree species at Holt forest was sampled. Two glasshouse pot trials were established using soil collected from the Hanmer and Berwick forest sites and seedlings of Pinus radiata, Sequoia sempervirens, and Eucalyptus nitens were grown.
Soil properties were determined from both the field sites and pot trials including soil organic matter, carbon, nitrogen, and microbial biomass by chloroform fumigation extraction. Biolog ecoplates were used to determine the relative differences in diversity based on substrate utilization patterns of the soil microbial communities in soil sampled from the glasshouse pot trials.
Soil microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen and the ratio of microbial biomass carbon:nitrogen differed significantly between Pinus radiata and the other tree species sampled at Holt forest. Significant effects of fertilization and tree species on soil carbon and microbial biomass were observed in both pot trials. Soil carbon differed significantly between Eucalyptus nitens and both Pinus radiata and Sequoia sempervirens in the first pot trial and relative to both, E. nitens contributed significantly more carbon. No significant effect of either fertilization or tree species on the catabolic diversity of the soil microbial community in both glasshouse pot trials was observed. The results demonstrated the effects that fertilization and tree species can have. Particularly notable was the short-time period in which tree species effects became apparent coupled with the absence of any aboveground inputs to the soil.
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Diaz, Alexander P. "Effect of Diaprepes root weevil on leaf gas exchange and growth of select ornamental tree species." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0011363.
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Beggs, Margaret Ann. "The effect of different tree species on through fall and soil solution chemistry at Gisburn Forest." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1991. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU078985.
Анотація:
A study was carried out to investigate the effect of four tree species on the acidity and chemistry of rainwater as it passed down the forest profile. The four species, Norway spruce (Picea abies), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), oak (Quercus petraea) and alder (Alnus glutinosa) were all at the same site at Gisburn (Bowland Forest), north-west England. The water was collected as rain, beneath the canopy and the forest floor, at the boundary of the A and B horizons and within the B horizon. The water was collected and analysed for pH, PO43--P, NO3--N, NH4+-N, Cl, SO42--S, Na+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ every two weeks. There were occasional analyses for aluminium. Porous ceramic cups were used to collect water in the soil horizons and so volumes had to be estimated. A further correction had to be made to allow for the loss of water as runoff over the surface of the forest floor. There were consistent differences between the species. The species differed in both the processes responsible for and the location of the production of acidity. Under all species there was a great reduction in acidity in the deep soil horizons. The source and nature of the anion thought to be associated with cation leaching also differed under the species. Most of the species differences could be attributed to processes occurring in the forest floor. Of most importance were: the fixation of atmospheric nitrogen by alder and its subsequent release as NO3--N; the rate of decomposition of the various litters; and the horizon where most root uptake occurred. The differences observed in the throughfall were not reflected in the forest floor or soil horizons. There was no evidence of depletion of cations in the mineral soils after thirty years of tree growth but it was considered that the risk was greater under alder and pine than under spruce and least under oak.
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Redwood, Mame S. "The Effect of Silviculture Management on the Spread of Three Invasive Species." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1337273012.
10
Chen, Hsiang Ling. "Barrier Effects Of Roads And Traffic On Animal Occurrence, Space Use, And Movements." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/555947.
Анотація:
Habitat fragmentation and destruction caused by linear infrastructure, including roads, railways, and power line corridors, are recognized as major threats to biodiversity around the world. Roads can act as barriers by impeding animal movement and restricting animal space use. An understanding of factors that influence barrier effects is important to discern the impacts of habitat fragmentation and to develop appropriate mitigation. The barrier effects of roads are driven by several distinct but not mutually exclusive mechanisms that include traffic, edge, and gap avoidance. We used an endangered forest obligate, the Mount Graham red squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus grahamensis), as our study organism to assess effects of traffic noise on animal occurrence and demonstrated that traffic noise had spatially extensive and negative effects on site occupancy after accounting for effects of distance from roads and the environment. We investigated barrier effects of forest roads and assessed effects of traffic, road edges, and canopy gaps on space use of Mt. Graham red squirrels and compared to the response of introduced, edge-tolerant Abert's squirrels (Sciurus aberti). Forest roads acted as partial barriers for red squirrels regardless of traffic volume likely due to avoidance of canopy gap created by roads, whereas Abert's squirrels showed no avoidance of roads. Therefore, roads restricted movement and space use of a native forest-dependent species while creating habitat preferred by an introduced, edge-tolerated species. Through a meta-analysis of studies that quantified road crossing behavior by mammals, we found that all types of roads, from major highways to narrow forest roads, can impede movement for certain species of mammals. Magnitude of barrier effects of roads decreased as species body mass increased, and was affected positively by increasing road width. We suggest that the species-specific magnitude of barrier effects of roads may be anticipated with basic information from life history traits and road characteristics that are readily accessed through open resources or easily measured.
Книги з теми "Tree species effect":
1
A, Darabant, Renewable Natural Resources Research Centre (Jakar, Bhutan), and Conifer Research and Training Partnership., eds. Light requirements of the main tree species in Bhutan's conifer belt. [Bumthang, Bhutan: RNR RC Jakar, 2001.
2
McKinnon, L. M. The effects of soil temperature and site preparation on subalpine and boreal tree species: A bibliography. Victoria, B.C: Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Pacific Forestry Centre, 2002.
3
Young, Reid Alan. Tree frog rescue. Lincolnwood, Ill: Publications International, 2006.
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Binkley, Dan, and Oleg Menyailo, eds. Tree Species Effects on Soils: Implications for Global Change. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3447-4.
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Dan, Binkley, Menyailo Oleg, and NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Trees and Soil Interactions: Implications for Climate Change (2004 : Krasnoi͡a︡rsk, Russia), eds. Tree species effects on soils: Implications for global change. Dordrecht: Springer in cooperation with NATO Public Diplomacy Division, 2005.
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Toast, Sarah. Tigger and the Christmas tree. Lincolnwood, Ill: Publications International, 2002.
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Gentry, Claude E. Effects of tree species on soil development and humus composition in minesoils. S.l: s.n, 1993.
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Larson, Merlyn M. Tree establishment on mined lands: effects of soil types and seeded herbaceious species. S.l: s.n, 1991.
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Cleveland, B. R. Deep tillage effects on water relations of selected tree species on reclaimed mine-soil. S.l: s.n, 1990.
10
Kirwan, Debra Giampapa. Oh, please help me save the tree. Newport Beach, CA: FunZone Co., 2001.
Частини книг з теми "Tree species effect":
1
Lau, Kevin Ka-Lun, Zheng Tan, Tobi Eniolu Morakinyo, and Chao Ren. "Effect of Tree Species on Outdoor Thermal Comfort." In SpringerBriefs in Architectural Design and Technology, 101–23. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5245-5_7.
2
Hill, Max, and Sebastien Roch. "On the Effect of Intralocus Recombination on Triplet-Based Species Tree Estimation." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 143–58. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04749-7_9.
3
Raulund-Rasmussen, Karsten, and Henrik Vejre. "Effect of tree species and soil properties on nutrient immobilization in the forest floor." In Nutrient Uptake and Cycling in Forest Ecosystems, 345–52. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0455-5_40.
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Ujházy, Karol, Eva Križová, Peter Glončák, Blažena Benčaťová, and Juraj Nič. "Tree Species and Management Effect on Herb Layer Species Composition in Mountain Fir-Beech Forests of the Western Carpathians." In The Carpathians: Integrating Nature and Society Towards Sustainability, 239–55. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12725-0_18.
5
Gucci, Riccardo, Rossano Massai, Salvatore Casano, Elisabetta Gravano, and Mariella Lucchesini. "The Effect of Drought on Gas Exchange and Water Potential in Leaves of Seven Mediterranean Woody Species." In Impacts of Global Change on Tree Physiology and Forest Ecosystems, 225–31. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8949-9_29.
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Groscheová, H., M. Novák, M. Havel, and J. Černý. "Effect of Altitude and Tree Species on δ34S of Deposited Sulfur (Jezeří Catchment, Czech Republic)." In Biogeochemical Investigations at Watershed, Landscape, and Regional Scales, 295–303. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0906-4_27.
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Taylor, Susan Jean. "Exploring the of Establishment of an Urban Forest in Phuthaditjhaba to Create a More Sustainable Future Urban Environment." In Sustainable Development Goals Series, 153–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15773-8_11.
Анотація:
AbstractThis document review evaluates modes of appropriate urban tree planting that could quickly (within 20 years) create a tree canopy in Phuthaditjhaba to provide social benefits, deal with a future urban heat island effect and create resilience to climate change. Phuthaditjhaba (pop. 54 000), a dense rural–urban settlement in QwaQwa, South Africa, faces looming threats linked to climate change, including health impacts as heat waves become more common and severe in southern Africa. One of the ways of creating a more liveable and sustainable urban environment is through tree planting in streets, schools, clinics and homesteads. Phuthaditjhaba, located in a montane grassland biome, is virtually treeless and a future tree canopy in this city would need to be envisaged and planned for. Challenges to growing trees here include the harsh climate and the shortage of water, the lack of a ‘green’ vision from the local municipality, as well as the cost of purchasing or growing thousands of suitable saplings. Modelling and various other forms of data and information gathering can assist in optimising tree species selection and planting, but data for Phuthaditjhaba is not available. Creating an urban tree canopy in Phuthaditjhaba would contribute to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 11 of making cities inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable. This study also reflects on ways to create livelihoods in this remote semi-urban setting through tree growing, tree planting, arbocare and landscape restoration measures.
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Raharilaza, Nathalie Viviane. "Degraded Landscape Transformed into Foodland and Woodland by Village Agroforestry." In Fostering Transformative Change for Sustainability in the Context of Socio-Ecological Production Landscapes and Seascapes (SEPLS), 37–60. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6761-6_3.
Анотація:
AbstractThis case study shares the results and lessons learned from agroforestry practices to restore a degraded and abandoned landscape, the production of seedlings of native and endemic tree species for forest restoration, and a trial of autochthones species transplantation at the village level in Madagascar. Awareness-raising and facilitation carried out by the NGO team on landscape changes and their effects on local people’s lives, food and natural resources, were the initial drivers of this process. A farmer led the landscape restoration experimentation by taking part of his poor, degraded land that had been long abandoned, and giving the green light to use it as a ‘farmer field school’. The community decided to keep the other side of the field untouched to enable comparison. Community members learned from each other by periodically sharing experiences. Community capacity-building on family accounting, production and harvest management helped community members to make decisions regarding the choice of crops and landscaping types suited to their needs. The community started to see results from the third year and increased the landscaped areas to boost future production. Some native trees like Harina (Bridelia tuleasneana), a highly preferred tree usually harvested from the rainforest for building materials, adapted very well to the village. The villagers learned to plant them rather than harvest them from the natural forest. The commitment, patience and courage of the community, and their immense pride in what they have achieved, created a cascading effect leading to sustainability.
9
Samejima, Hiromitsu, Motoko S. Fujita, and Ahmad Muhammad. "Impact of Industrial Tree Plantation on Ground-Dwelling Mammals and Birds in a Peat Swamp Forest in Sumatra." In Global Environmental Studies, 69–87. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-0906-3_4.
Анотація:
AbstractPeat swamp forests are one of the unique ecosystems of Southeast Asia. These forests are not only a large carbon stock, but also a refuge for rich biodiversity. To understand the faunal composition and the effect of land-use changes in peat swamp forests, we investigated ground-dwelling mammals and birds using camera traps in a natural peat swamp forest and acacia forests planted in two industrial tree plantations in the Giam Siak Kecil-Bukit Batu Biosphere Reserve, Riau, Indonesia, in the Island of Sumatra.We obtained a total of 1856 records, comprising 23 species and including 11 vulnerable or endangered species, in ten plots. The range of mean trapping rates (number of records per 100 camera working days) of all animals in each plot in natural peat swamp forests were 9.22–51.85 (mean: 29.16) and 8.75–31.76 (16.42) in the wildlife reserve and protected area of the plantations respectively. The range in planted acacia forest was 2.29–6.38 (4.02). Few species were recorded in the planted acacia forests, and the species composition was different from that in the natural peat swamp forests. These differences indicate that conversion from natural peat swamp forests to planted acacia forest through development of industrial tree plantations resulting in decreased density and species richness of ground-dwelling mammals and birds. Because the ground-dwelling mammal and bird community in natural peat swamp forest is vulnerable to land use change, conservation of the remnant natural peat swamp forests and appropriate landscape design of industrial tree plantations are considered important to maintain the ecosystem.
10
Panayotov, Momchil, Nickolay Tsvetanov, Evgeni Tsavkov, Georgi Gogushev, Peter Bebi, Petar Zhelev, and Stefan Yurukov. "Effect of Climate Change on the High-Mountain Tree Species and Their Genetic Resources in Bulgaria." In Advances in Global Change Research, 429–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95267-3_35.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Tree species effect":
1
PIVORAS, Ainis, Marius MIKALAJŪNAS, Diana JUONYTĖ, and Gintaras PIVORAS. "INTEGRATED EFFECT OF CLIMATE AND AIR POLLUTANTS ON DIURNAL TREE RING FORMATION OF SCOTS PINE, NORWAY SPRUCE AND SILVER AND DOWNY BIRCH TREES STEM CIRCUMFERENCE." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.099.
Анотація:
The integrated effect of climatic and other abiotic stress factors including surface ozone on diurnal tree ring width formation of the prevailing in Lithuania tree species as the main response parameter of tree capacity to adapt to and mitigate the recent global changes was investigated. The obtained data revealed that Norway spruce is better adapted to recent climatic conditions in temperate forest than birch trees. Even during the drought episode spruce stem increment exceeded increment of the rest of considered tree species. Silver and Downy birch tree reactions revealed the lowest sensitivity of these tree species not only to unfavorable environmental factors but also to favorable factors which should stimulate tree growth intensity. This is why the growth intensity of this tree species recently has been gradually decreasing. The hypothesis that the coniferous species are more adaptive to recent climate changes was confirmed. The study is based on the results obtained conducting national project supported by Lithuanian Council of Research “FOREstRESS” (SIT- 3/2015).
2
ŠIDLAUSKAS, Giedrius, Marius MIKALAJŪNAS, Ainis PIVORAS, Inga JUONYTĖ, and Gintaras PIVORAS. "INTEGRATED EFFECT OF METEOROLOGY, AIR POLLUTION AND SURFACE OZONE ON CROWN CONDITION AND STEM INCREMENT OF SCOTS PINE TREES UNDER DIFFERENT SITE CONDITIONS." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.174.
Анотація:
Adaptation of the local tree species to recent environmental conditions rather often is found to be very low even when it affects tree health integrally with air pollutants, and surface ozone. The aim of the study was to quantify the relationships between environmental factors, annual stem basal area increment and crown defoliation of Scots pine trees located in the north-eastern part of Lithuania. The obtained data revealed that Scots pine is the most sensitive species to environmental changes. Its reaction to both negative and favorable environmental factors was best expressed, what indicated its highest level of resilience and adaptive capacity to recent global changes. Air concentrations of sulphur species and ammonium as well as their deposition were the main drivers resulting in changes in mean defoliation of Scots pine trees in Lithuania. The data on stem basal area increment collected on two different forest sites (FS): mineral olygotrophic and organic mesoeutrophic soils confirmed that since the 1980 growing season the annual increment of the pine trees has increased. The causes of this rapid growth were as follows: higher air temperatures during the dormant period and, to a lower extent, the higher temperatures from May through August. The effect of precipitation was negligible. During vegetation nitrate deposition as fertilizing compound stimulated the pine tree stem BAI formation especially on mineral soil FS. Negative ozone effect on pine growth intensity was significant for pine trees on mineral soil FS. Higher moisture regime significantly increased the tolerance of pine trees to the negative effect of air concentration of acidifying compounds, their wet deposition and surface ozone. The study is based on the results obtained conducting national project supported by Lithuanian Council of Research “FOREstRESS” (SIT- 3/2015).
3
Cohen, Sophie, William Smisko, Matthew Harrison, Alex Blumenthal, and Jonathan P. Schmitkons. "DETERMINING THE EFFECT OF TREE CANOPY AND LICHEN SPECIES ON SORPTION CAPABILITIES OF LICHENS." In 54th Annual GSA Northeastern Section Meeting - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019ne-328313.
4
Webb, Susan J., David Ngobeni, Michael Jones, Tamiru Abiye, Nirocca Devkurran, Madeline Lee, Louise Pellerin, and Darren Burrows. "Hydrogeophysical investigations at the Dayspring Children's Village: Quantifying the effect of invasive tree species." In SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2011. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.3628227.
5
Lele, Anna, Inga Straupe, and Solveiga Luguza. "The vitality of Taxus Baccata L. in forest stands in Slitere National Park, Latvia." In Research for Rural Development 2023 : annual 29th international scientific conference proceedings. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/rrd.29.2023.003.
Анотація:
Taxus baccata L., a relic of the Atlantic flora, is fourth of Latvia’s coniferous tree species, and it is endangered with a limited utilization because of its rare distribution. Evaluation of species condition, tree vitality and unfavourable factors influencing tree growth is crucial to improve species status. Measurements of forest stands with T. baccata autochthon and anthropogenic populations were collected, crown condition was rated, damages of trees were assessed, and projective cover of vegetation (canopy closure, shrub and herbaceous layer) was evaluated to determine the effect on T. baccata populations in Slitere National Park, Latvia. Main results show that factors strongly influencing the vitality of T. baccata are soil reaction and light conditions. Mostly the light conditions were determined by the canopy closure. Major conditions of shade negatively influenced the vitality and distribution of T. baccata.
6
Thiel, Christian, and Christiane Schmullius. "Effect of tree species on PALSAR INSAR coherence over Siberian forest at frozen and unfrozen conditions." In IGARSS 2012 - 2012 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2012.6351605.
7
Boutheyna, Touafchia, Kadi Zahia, Redjaimia Lilia, and Rached-Kanouni Malika. "STRUCTURAL AND FLORISTIC CHARACTERIZATION OF THE OULED BECHIH FOREST (ALGERIA)." In GEOLINKS Conference Proceedings. Saima Consult Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/geolinks2021/b2/v3/22.
Анотація:
The objective of this study is the rational management of forest ecosystems for sustainable conservation of floristic biodiversity. Two types of analysis are carried out: structural analysis and analysis of the main species. A total of 22 families were identified, divided among 32 species. The dominant woody species are Quercus suber and Quercus canariensis. Fagaceae is the most represented family. The average values of species richness and Shannon diversity index are 4 ± 1.8 and 0.9 ± 0.30 species/plot respectively. The average density of woody species in the Oueld Bechih forest was 158 ± 28 tree/ha with an average basal area of 32.67 ± 0.74m²/ha. The height structure shows that trees in height classes is ≥ 6 has very high density, evidence of almost no natural regeneration. The total structure indicates that larger trees are more abundant. In effect, this work provides a database for the forest, but it represents only one facet to be considered in protecting and restoring it.
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Grbović, Filip, Gordana Gajić, Snežana Branković, Zoran Simić, Andrija Ćirić, Danijela Mišić, and Marina Topuzović. "MOGUĆNOSTI I RIZICI PRIMENE INVAZIVNIH DRVENASTIH VRSTA U OBNOVI VEGETACIJE NA DEGRADIRANIM STANIŠTIMA." In XXVII savetovanje o biotehnologiji. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Agronomy, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/sbt27.309g.
Анотація:
The aim of this study is to use a comparative analysis of the ecology of invasive species Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle, Amoprha fruticosa L. and Robinia pseudoacacia L. to assess the possibilities and risks of their application in the soil and vegetation restoration in different anthropogenically modified habitats. The results of the comparative study indicate that selected tree species can have a positive effect on biogeochemical cycles and the initiation of pedogenesis. However, when using A. altissima and A. fruticosa in soil and vegetation restoration projects there is a potentially higher risk than benefit, due to the high allelopathic effects on other species in the habitat, compared to R. pseudoacacia.
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Rawat, Monika. "Soil Respiration Variation under the Canopy of Dominant Tree Species across different seasons in Temperate Forest." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0021.
Анотація:
Soil respiration is defined as the production of carbon dioxide when soil organisms are active. It is an important process in the ecosystem and has direct influence on climate change. Therefore understanding it under different vegetation types is an essential goal in soil science. The major sources which effect the soil respiration rate are plant roots, the rhizosphere, microbes and soil fauna and these sources are control by various factors like temperature, moisture, nutreint content and oxygen in the soil. Soil respiration rate is important for understanding soil biological activity, nutrient cycling, soil microbial biomass, soil organic matter and its decomposition.Therefore soil respiration was studied under the canopy of ten dominant tree species of temperate forest. Our study determined that highest soil respiration was under the canopy of Eunonymous pendulus (EP) i.e. 20.01 μmolm−2 s−1 and across season it was high during the rains.
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Villeneuve, Pierre, Jeanne Duplessis-Kergomard, Melina Robert, Gilles Paboeuf, Nathalie Barouh, Olivier Schafer, Tim Wooster, Claire Bourlieu-Lacanal, and Veronique Vie. "Effect of Processing and Fat Content on the Oxidative Stability and Interfacial Behavior of Tree Nut Oil-bodies." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/djlm1220.
Анотація:
Oil bodies (OB) are the natural form of energy storage in oilseeds. They consist of a triacylglyceride core stabilized by proteins (mainly oleosins) embedded in a phospholipid membrane. In some tree nut species, OB contain an important amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids that make them interesting food ingredients but prone to oxidation. Due to the growing interest in minimally-processed nut-based beverages, the understanding and the preservation of the physico-chemical properties of these lipoprotein assemblies are of great interest. In this context, previous interfacial studies have led to the proposition of a new model of adsorption for minimally-processed OB that is useful to design functional emulsion or foam in which OB act as emulsifiers. The objective of the present study was to determine the impact of processing and fat content on the physico-chemical behavior of tree nut-based matrixes. The interfacial and oxidative behaviors of minimally-processed isolated OB were compared with processed complex nut-based matrixes (i.e. beverages) of different fat content. Processing operations (heat-treatment, homogenization) affected OB interfacial properties and oxidative stability but fat content had even stronger impact on this last parameter, with more concentrated systems more stable to oxidation. The results underline the good physico-chemical stability of tree nut OB, and raise the interest of their use in the minimally-processed form to fully exploit their beneficial properties.
Звіти організацій з теми "Tree species effect":
1
Sanders, Suzanne, and Jessica Kirschbaum. Forest health monitoring at Mississippi National River and Recreation Area: 2022 field season. National Park Service, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2301407.
Анотація:
The Mississippi National River and Recreation area (MISS), situated along a 116 km stretch of the Mississippi River through the Minneapolis and St. Paul urban corridor, encompasses ~21,800 ha of public and private land. In 2022, the Great Lakes Inventory and Monitoring Network (GLKN) resampled permanent forest monitoring sites in the park, marking the second assessment of these sites, which were established and initially sampled in 2011. The goal of this long-term monitoring project is to provides managers with routine updates on which to base management decisions; these data can also be used to tease apart impacts and elucidate causal agents when novel problems or situations arise. We initiated a comprehensive forest monitoring program at MISS in 2011, establishing 33 sites at that time. High water levels during our sampling window that year precluded sampling on many of our planned sites while on others, water levels had only recently subsided. Here, the full complement of herbs had not yet emerged. In 2022, we resampled existing sites and established additional locations, bringing the total to 50. Sampled and derived metrics included trees (density and basal area of live trees, seedlings, and snags (i.e., standing dead trees)), understory (herb and shrub frequency), browse (bite marks on woody species and presence and height of herbaceous species), and taxa richness. We classified sites into four broad forest types using the newer (2022) dataset, resulting in two upland types (upland rich, upland disturbed) and two floodplain types (box elder-dominated and silver maple-dominated). Because of sampling difficulties in 2011, we are only comparing tree, sapling, and snag data between years. At upland rich sites, overall tree (? 2.5 cm diameter at breast height [DBH]) density declined 22%, while that for just the small sapling component (? 2.5 cm, < 5 cm DBH) fell 41%. Species experiencing notable losses include basswood (Tilia americana L.), elm (Ulmus L.), bitternut hickory (Carya cordiformis (Wangenh.) K. Koch), and red oak (Quercus rubra L.). All three resampled sites are located in Spring Lake Park Reserve and subjected to high white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus Zimm.) browse pressure. We sampled seven sites in upland disturbed forests, where overall tree density fell 17% from 778 ? 215 trees/ha to 648 ? 72 trees/ha, largely due to declines in elm, ash (Fraxinus sp. L.), and hackberry (Celtis occidentalis L.). While changes in black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.) mirrored this pattern in diameter classes above 5 cm, density of saplings increased 12-fold, largely due to a swamping effect from one site, possibly in response to buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica L.) removal. In the nine box elder-dominated sites, overall tree density declined from 635 ? 47 in 2011 to 500 ? 58 trees/ha in 2022, mainly reflecting changes in box elder (Acer negundo L.), elm, and silver maple (Acer saccharinum L.). In these sites, density of large (? 30 cm DBH) snags increased from 2.5 ? 1.6 to 11.1 ? 4.4 snags/ha. In silver maple-dominated floodplain forests, tree density in the 12 sites fell from 421 ? 63 to 291 ? 23 trees/ha, with declines observed in all five dominant species. Sapling density was low in these sites, falling from 62.6 ? 36 in 2011 to 23.6 ? 11 saplings/ha in 2022. Our observations likely reflect both deer browse and alteration of the flow regime by river impoundment. At upland sites, deer browse is impeding regeneration of all major upland species: red oak, bitternut hickory, basswood, and elm. While browse is also occurring in floodplain sites, prolonged inundation may play a larger role in regeneration failure here. Saplings of silver maple, box elder, cottonwood, elm, and hackberry all have some degree of susceptibility to inundation, ranging from moderate tolerance to completely intolerant. The Mississippi River experienced flooding in 2014, 2017, and again in 2019 when flood stage was exceeded for a record number of days in St. Paul. Sapling decline at floodplain sites is likely a direct result of this. Forest management within the park should focus both on invasive species control and floodplain reforestation. Several sites with heavy invasive weed species are in areas where leveraging local volunteers for removal projects may be possible. Floodplain reforestation requires a dual approach of research and active management. Research is needed to determine preferred propagule types and planting stock, as well as the most effective ways to control invasives, especially reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.). Active floodplain reforestation can alleviate many of the issues we found here, although this is expensive, limited in scope, and carries with it a great deal of uncertainty. Nonetheless, projects undertaken at a small scale can provide lessons to managers, based on which aspects were successful and which were not. Many of the park forests at MISS are nearing an inflection point and are at risk of becoming irreversibly altered if countermeasures are not undertaken in the near future. At this point, steps taken to promote ecosystem integrity are likely to be less costly and more effective than those which may be needed after further ecosystem decline. The river system through the Twin Cities metro area provides numerous services, both ecological and otherwise. As the need to act is becoming a pressing issue, it is incumbent on land managers to recognize this, and address it.
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Boyle, M., and Elizabeth Rico. Terrestrial vegetation monitoring at Fort Matanzas National Monument: 2019 data summary. National Park Service, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrds-2293409.
Анотація:
The Southeast Coast Network (SECN) conducts long-term terrestrial vegetation monitoring as part of the nationwide Inventory and Monitoring Program of the National Park Service (NPS). The vegetation community vital sign is one of the primary-tier resources identified by SECN park managers, and it is currently conducted at 15 network parks (DeVivo et al. 2008). Monitoring plants and their associated communities over time allows for targeted understanding of ecosystems within the SECN geography, which provides managers information about the degree of change within their parks’ natural vegetation. 2019 marks the first year of conducting this monitoring effort at four SECN parks, including Fort Matanzas National Monument (FOMA). Nine vegetation plots, located on Anastasia and Rattlesnake Islands, were established at Fort Matanzas National Monument in June. Data collected in each plot included species richness across multiple spatial scales, species-specific cover and constancy, species-specific woody stem seedling/sapling counts and adult tree (greater than 10 centimeters [3.9 inches {in}]) diameter at breast height (DBH), overall tree health, landform, soil, observed disturbance, and woody biomass (i.e., fuel load) estimates. This report summarizes the baseline (year 1) terrestrial vegetation data collected at Fort Matanzas National Monument in 2019. Data were stratified across two dominant broadly defined habitats within the park (Maritime Upland Forests/Shrublands and Maritime Open Uplands). Noteworthy findings include: Eighty-two vascular plant taxa (species or lower) were observed across nine vegetation plots, including eight species not previously documented within the park. The most frequently encountered species in each broadly defined habitat included: Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands: saw palmetto (Serenoa repens), yaupon (Ilex vomitoria), southern/eastern red cedar (Juniperus silicicola + virginiana), American beautyberry (Callicarpa americana), and American burnweed (Erectites hieraciifolius). Maritime Open Uplands: sea oats (Uniola paniculata), earleaf greenbriar (Smilax auriculata), and dixie sandmat (Euphorbia bombensis). ne non-native species, Brazilian pepper (Schinus terebinthifolia), categorized as invasive by the Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council (FLEPPC 2019) was encountered in one Maritime Upland Forest and Shrubland plot during this monitoring effort. There were not any rare plants tracked by the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services (FDACS 2020) found during this monitoring effort. All plants located in these monitoring plots are fairly common throughout Florida, as well as across the Southeast Coast. Three species observed, however, are on the FDACS 2020 list of commercially exploited plants within the state. These include saw palmetto, cinnamon fern (Osmundastrum cinnamomeum), and coontie (Zamia integrifolia var. umbrosa). Southern/eastern red cedar and cabbage palmetto (Sabal palmetto) were the most dominant species within the tree stratum of the Maritime Upland Forest and Shrubland habitat type. Species that dominated the sapling and seedling strata of this type included yaupon and cabbage palmetto. More than 75% of the trees measured in the parks Maritime Upland Forest and Shrubland habitat type were alive and experiencing healthy vigor. Of the 22 trees that were dead, more than 50% of those were southern/eastern red cedar. Most of those individuals that were observed with moderate or severe decline and greater than 50% dieback were southern/eastern red cedars. Although red bay (Persea borbonia) was identified as one of the “principal understory tree” species within Fort Matanzas National Monument’s maritime forests in 2004 (Zomlefer et al. 2004), tree-sized individuals were rarely detected on plots during this monitoring effort. This may be in part due to the detection of laurel wilt disease within St. Johns County in 2006 (USDA 2021). Based on the low detection...
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Davis, Molly. Plant community composition and structure monitoring at Scotts Bluff National Monument: 2022 data report. National Park Service, April 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2295542.
Анотація:
This report presents the results of vegetation monitoring efforts in 2022 at Scotts Bluff National Monument (SCBL) by the Northern Great Plains Inventory and Monitoring Network (NGPN) and Fire Ecology Program (NGPFire). NGPN began vegetation monitoring at SCBL in 2011, and this was the twelfth year of combined monitoring efforts between NGPN and NGPFire at SCBL. NGPN did not visit SCBL in 2020 or 2021 due to travel restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, NGPFire was able to do vegetation monitoring at SCBL during these two years. Crew members from NGPN visited eight long-term monitoring plots to collect data on the plant communities at SCBL. This work is part of a long-term monitoring effort designed to provide a better understanding of the condition of the vegetation community and how it changes over time. NGPN staff measured species richness, herb-layer height, native and non-native species abundance, ground cover, and site disturbance at each of the plots. In plots where woody species were present, tree regeneration, tall shrub density, tree density, and woody fuel loads were also measured. The NGPFire crew visited an additional seven plots in the Eagle Rock and North Platte burn units to better understand the effects of prescribed fire on vegetation. The NGPFire crew measured herb-layer height, native and non-native species abundance, ground cover, and site disturbance at each of the plots. The NGPFire crew conducted one prescribed fire in 2022, in the Eagle Rock burn unit, on April 25, 2022. In 2022, the monitoring crews identified 73 unique plant species in 15 monitoring plots. Of those species, 12 were exotic species. Two species considered rare in Nebraska were observed in the plots, including spotted fritillary, Fritillaria atropurpurea. At every plot except for two, the absolute cover of native species was greater than the absolute cover of exotic species. Monitoring crews collected tree regeneration data in three plots and found one species of seedling (chokecherry) and one species of adult tree (Rocky Mountain juniper). Ground disturbances, observed in fourteen of the fifteen plots, included animal use, prescribed fire, erosion, and soil disturbance
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Melillo, Jerry M., James S. Clark, and Jacqueline Mohan. Effects of Warming on Tree Species’ Recruitment in Deciduous Forests of the Eastern United States. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1174286.
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Boyle, M., and Elizabeth Rico. Terrestrial vegetation monitoring at Cumberland Island National Seashore: 2020 data summary. National Park Service, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2294287.
Анотація:
The Southeast Coast Network (SECN) conducts long-term terrestrial vegetation monitoring as part of the nationwide Inventory and Monitoring Program of the National Park Service (NPS). The vegetation community vital sign is one of the primary-tier resources identified by SECN park managers, and it is currently conducted at 15 network parks (DeVivo et al. 2008). Monitoring plants and their associated communities over time allows for targeted understanding of ecosystems within the SECN geography, which provides managers information about the degree of change within their parks’ natural vegetation. 2020 marks the first year of conducting this monitoring effort at Cumberland Island National Seashore (CUIS). Fifty-six vegetation plots were established throughout the park from May through July. Data collected in each plot included species richness across multiple spatial scales, species-specific cover and constancy, species-specific woody stem seedling/sapling counts and adult tree (greater than 10 centimeters [3.9 inches {in}]) diameter at breast height (DBH), overall tree health, landform, soil, observed disturbance, and woody biomass (i.e., fuel load) estimates. This report summarizes the baseline (year 1) terrestrial vegetation data collected at Cumberland Island National Seashore in 2020. Data were stratified across three dominant broadly defined habitats within the park, including Coastal Plain Upland Open Woodlands, Maritime Open Upland Grasslands, and Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands. Noteworthy findings include: 213 vascular plant taxa (species or lower) were observed across 56 vegetation plots, including 12 species not previously documented within the park. The most frequently encountered species in each broadly defined habitat included: Coastal Plain Upland Open Woodlands: longleaf + pond pine (Pinus palustris; P. serotina), redbay (Persea borbonia), saw palmetto (Serenoa repens), wax-myrtle (Morella cerifera), deerberry (Vaccinium stamineum), variable panicgrass (Dichanthelium commutatum), and hemlock rosette grass (Dichanthelium portoricense). Maritime Open Upland Grasslands: wax-myrtle, saw greenbrier (Smilax auriculata), sea oats (Uniola paniculata), and other forbs and graminoids. Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands: live oak (Quercus virginiana), redbay, saw palmetto, muscadine (Muscadinia rotundifolia), and Spanish moss (Tillandsia usneoides) Two non-native species, Chinaberry (Melia azedarach) and bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum), categorized as invasive by the Georgia Exotic Pest Plant Council (GA-EPPC 2018) were encountered in four different Maritime Upland Forest and Shrubland plots during this monitoring effort. Six vascular plant species listed as rare and tracked by the Georgia Department of Natural Resources (GADNR 2022) were observed in these monitoring plots, including the state listed “Rare” Florida swampprivet (Forestiera segregata var. segregata) and sandywoods sedge (Carex dasycarpa) and the “Unusual” green fly orchid (Epidendrum conopseum). Longleaf and pond pine were the most dominant species within the tree stratum of Coastal Plain Upland Open Woodland habitat types; live oak was the most dominant species of Maritime Upland Forest and Shrubland types. Saw palmetto and rusty staggerbush (Lyonia ferruginea) dominated the sapling stratum within Maritime Upland Forest and Shrubland habitat types. Of the 20 tree-sized redbay trees measured during this monitoring effort only three were living and these were observed with severely declining vigor, indicating the prevalence and recent historical impact of laurel wilt disease (LWD) across the island’s maritime forest ecosystems. There was an unexpectedly low abundance of sweet grass (Muhlenbergia sericea) and saltmeadow cordgrass (Spartina patens) within interdune swale plots of Maritime Open Upland habitats on the island, which could be a result of grazing activity by feral horses. Live oak is the dominant tree-sized species across...
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Droby, Samir, Joseph W. Eckert, Shulamit Manulis, and Rajesh K. Mehra. Ecology, Population Dynamics and Genetic Diversity of Epiphytic Yeast Antagonists of Postharvest Diseases of Fruits. United States Department of Agriculture, October 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7568777.bard.
Анотація:
One of the emerging technologies is the use of microbial agents for the control of postharvest diseases of fruits and vegetables. A number of antagonistic microorganisms have been discovered which have the potential to effectively control postharvest diseases. Some of this technology has been patented and commercial products such as AspireTM (Ecogen Corporatin, Langhorne, PA, USA), Biosave 10TM and Biosave 11TM (Ecoscience Inc., Worchester, MA, USA) have been registered for commercial use. The principal investigator of this project was involved in developing the yeast-based biofungicide-AspireTM and testing its efficacy under commercial conditions. This research project was initiated to fill the gap between the knowledge available on development and commercial implementation of yeast biocontrol agents and basic understanding of various aspects related to introducing yeast antagonists to fruit surfaces, along with verification of population genetics. The main objectives of this study were: Study ecology, population dynamics and genetic diversity of the yeast antagonists Candida guilliermondii, C. oleophila, and Debaryomyces hansenii, and study the effect of preharvest application of the yeast antagonist C. oleophila naturally occurring epiphytic microbial population and on the development of postharvest diseases of citrus fruit during storage. Our findings, which were detailed in several publications, have shown that an epiphytic yeast population of grapefruit able to grow under high osmotic conditions and a wide range of temperatures was isolated and characterized for its biocontrol activity against green mold decay caused by Penicillium digitatum. Techniques based on random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and arbitrary primed polymerase chain reaction (ap-PCR), as well as homologies between sequences of the rDNA internal transcribed spacers (ITS) and 5.8S gene, were used to characterize the composition of the yeast population and to determine the genetic relationship among predominant yeast species. Epiphytic yeasts exhibiting the highest biocontrol activity against P. digitatum on grapefruit were identified as Candida guilliermondii, C. oleophila, C. sake, and Debaryomyces hansenii, while C. guilliermondii was the most predominant species. RAPD and ap-PCR analysis of the osmotolerant yeast population showed two different, major groups. The sequences of the ITS regions and the 5.8S gene of the yeast isolates, previously identified as belonging to different species, were found to be identical. Following the need to develop a genetically marked strain of the yeast C. oleophila, to be used in population dynamics studies, a transformation system for the yeast was developed. Histidine auxotrophy of C. oloephila produced using ethyl methanesulfonate were transformed with plasmids containing HIS3, HIS4 and HIS5 genes from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In one mutant histidin auxotrophy was complemented by the HIS5 gene of S. cerevisiae is functionally homologous to the HIS5 gene in V. oleophila. Southern blot analysis showed that the plasmid containing the S. cerevisiae HIS5 gene was integrated at a different location every C. oleophila HIS+ transformant. There were no detectable physiological differences between C. oleophila strain I-182 and the transformants. The biological control ability of C. oleophila was not affected by the transformation. A genetically marked (with b-glucuronidase gene) transformant of C. oleophila colonized wounds on orange fruits and its population increased under field conditions. Effect of preharvest application of the yeast C. oleophila on population dynamics of epiphytic microbial population on wounded and unwounded grapefruit surface in the orchard and after harvest was also studied. In addition, the effect of preharvest application of the yeast C. oleophila on the development of postharvest decay was evaluated. Population studies conducted in the orchard showed that in control, non-treated fruit, colonization of wounded and unwounded grapefruit surface by naturally occurring filamentous fungi did not vary throughout the incubation period on the tree. On the other hand, colonization of intact and wounded fruit surface by naturally occurring yeasts was different. Yeasts colonized wounded surface rapidly and increased in numbers to about two orders of magnitude as compared to unwounded surface. On fruit treated with the yeast and kept on the tree, a different picture of fungal and yeast population had emerged. The detected fungal population on the yeast-treated intact surface was dramatically reduced and in treated wounds no fungi was detected. Yeast population on intact surface was relatively high immediately after the application of AspireTM and decreased to than 70% of that detected initially. In wounds, yeast population increased from 2.5 x 104 to about 4x106 after 72 hours of incubation at 20oC. Results of tests conducted to evaluate the effect of preharvest application of AspireTM on the development of postharvest decay indicated the validity of the approach.
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Boyle, Maxwell, and Elizabeth Rico. Terrestrial vegetation monitoring at Cape Hatteras National Seashore: 2019 data summary. National Park Service, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2290019.
Анотація:
The Southeast Coast Network (SECN) conducts long-term terrestrial vegetation monitoring as part of the nationwide Inventory and Monitoring Program of the National Park Service (NPS). The vegetation community vital sign is one of the primary-tier resources identified by SECN park managers, and monitoring is currently conducted at 15 network parks (DeVivo et al. 2008). Monitoring plants and their associated communities over time allows for targeted understanding of ecosystems within the SECN geography, which provides managers information about the degree of change within their parks’ natural vegetation. The first year of conducting this monitoring effort at four SECN parks, including 52 plots on Cape Hatteras National Seashore (CAHA), was 2019. Twelve vegetation plots were established at Cape Hatteras NS in July and August. Data collected in each plot included species richness across multiple spatial scales, species-specific cover and constancy, species-specific woody stem seedling/sapling counts and adult tree (greater than 10 centimeters [3.9 inches {in}]) diameter at breast height (DBH), overall tree health, landform, soil, observed disturbance, and woody biomass (i.e., fuel load) estimates. This report summarizes the baseline (year 1) terrestrial vegetation data collected at Cape Hatteras National Seashore in 2019. Data were stratified across four dominant broadly defined habitats within the park (Maritime Tidal Wetlands, Maritime Nontidal Wetlands, Maritime Open Uplands, and Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands) and four land parcels (Bodie Island, Buxton, Hatteras Island, and Ocracoke Island). Noteworthy findings include: A total of 265 vascular plant taxa (species or lower) were observed across 52 vegetation plots, including 13 species not previously documented within the park. The most frequently encountered species in each broadly defined habitat included: Maritime Tidal Wetlands: saltmeadow cordgrass Spartina patens), swallow-wort (Pattalias palustre), and marsh fimbry (Fimbristylis castanea) Maritime Nontidal Wetlands: common wax-myrtle (Morella cerifera), saltmeadow cordgrass, eastern poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans var. radicans), and saw greenbriar (Smilax bona-nox) Maritime Open Uplands: sea oats (Uniola paniculata), dune camphorweed (Heterotheca subaxillaris), and seabeach evening-primrose (Oenothera humifusa) Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands: : loblolly pine (Pinus taeda), southern/eastern red cedar (Juniperus silicicola + virginiana), common wax-myrtle, and live oak (Quercus virginiana). Five invasive species identified as either a Severe Threat (Rank 1) or Significant Threat (Rank 2) to native plants by the North Carolina Native Plant Society (Buchanan 2010) were found during this monitoring effort. These species (and their overall frequency of occurrence within all plots) included: alligatorweed (Alternanthera philoxeroides; 2%), Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica; 10%), Japanese stilt-grass (Microstegium vimineum; 2%), European common reed (Phragmites australis; 8%), and common chickweed (Stellaria media; 2%). Eighteen rare species tracked by the North Carolina Natural Heritage Program (Robinson 2018) were found during this monitoring effort, including two species—cypress panicgrass (Dichanthelium caerulescens) and Gulf Coast spikerush (Eleocharis cellulosa)—listed as State Endangered by the Plant Conservation Program of the North Carolina Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services (NCPCP 2010). Southern/eastern red cedar was a dominant species within the tree stratum of both Maritime Nontidal Wetland and Maritime Upland Forest and Shrubland habitat types. Other dominant tree species within CAHA forests included loblolly pine, live oak, and Darlington oak (Quercus hemisphaerica). One hundred percent of the live swamp bay (Persea palustris) trees measured in these plots were experiencing declining vigor and observed with symptoms like those caused by laurel wilt......less
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Boyle, Maxwell. Terrestrial vegetation monitoring at Canaveral National Seashore: 2022 data summary. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2303291.
Анотація:
The Southeast Coast Network (SECN) conducts long-term terrestrial vegetation monitoring as part of the NPS Inventory and Monitoring Program. The vegetation community vital sign is one of the primary-tier resources identified by SECN park managers, and monitoring is conducted at 15 network parks (DeVivo et al. 2008). Monitoring plants and their associated communities over time allows for targeted understanding of ecosystems within the SECN geography, which provides managers information about the degree of change within their parks? natural vegetation. 2022 marked the first year of conducting this monitoring effort at Canaveral National Seashore (CANA). Fourteen vegetation plots were established throughout the park in April. Data collected in each plot included species richness across multiple spatial scales, species-specific cover and constancy, species-specific woody stem seedling/sapling counts and adult tree (greater than 10 centimeters [3.9 inches {in}]) diameter at breast height (DBH), overall tree health, landform, soil, observed disturbance, and woody biomass (i.e., fuel load) estimates. This report summarizes the baseline (year 1) terrestrial vegetation data collected at Canaveral National Seashore in 2022. Data were stratified across two dominant broadly defined habitats within the park, Coastal Plain Upland Open Woodlands and Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands. Noteworthy findings include: 176 vascular plant taxa were observed across 14 vegetation plots, including seven species not previously documented within the park. The most frequently encountered species in each broadly defined habitat included: Coastal Plain Upland Open Woodlands: saw palmetto (Serenoa repens), dune greenbrier (Smilax auriculata), Elliott?s milkpea (Galactia elliottii), myrtle oak (Quercus myrtifolia), Chapman oak (Quercus chapmanii), and southern evergreen blueberry (Vaccinium myrsinites). Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands: live oak (Quercus virginiana), muscadine (Muscadinia rotundifolia var. rotundifolia), saw palmetto, cabbage palmetto (Sabal palmetto), dune greenbrier, and Virginia creeper (Parthenocissus quinquefolia). Four non-native species categorized as invasive by the Florida Invasive Species Council (FISC 2019) were encountered within Maritime Upland Forest and Shrubland plots during this monitoring effort. These included Brazilian peppertree (Schinus terebinthifolia), cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica), common lantana (Lantana strigocamara), and caesarweed (Urena lobata). There were no invasive species observed in Coastal Plain Upland Open Woodland plots. Two species listed as Endangered by the state of Florida (FDACS 2021) were encountered on the park during this monitoring effort and included hand fern (Cheiroglossa palmata) and Atlantic Coast Florida lantana (Lantana depressa var. floridana). Hand fern was observed in 30%of Maritime Upland Forest and Shrubland plots, while lantana was observed in one (10%) of Maritime Upland Forest and Shrubland plots. An additional five vascular species categorized as Commercially Exploited by the state of Florida (FDACS 2021) were also observed in these vegetation plots. Slash pine (Pinus elliottii) or South Florida slash pine (Pinus densa) and sand live oak (Quercus geminata) were the most dominant species within the tree stratum of Coastal Plain Upland Open Woodlands within the park; cabbage palmetto and live oak were the most dominant species of Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands, although 11 other species large enough to be measured as trees (i.e., more than 1.37 meters (4.5 ft) in height and greater than or equal to 10 centimeters (3.9 in) in diameter at breast height (DBH) were also present within these plots. Based on these baseline findings, the most immediate threat to vegetation resources within Upland Open Woodlands of Canaveral National Seashore is related to exclusion of fire and an altered natural fire regime. These factors have likely led to a reduction of canopy species (pines) across all woody stem strata?tree, sapling, seedling?and an increase in abundance of woody shrub species (e.g., saw palmetto). These characteristics (low canopy species density and high woody shrub abundance) were observed in monitoring plots of this habitat type. The most immediate threat to Maritime Upland Forest and Shrubland habitat within the park is from potential expansion of non-native, invasive plant species, like Brazilian peppertree and cogongrass. All plots are scheduled to be resampled during the summer of 2026.
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Boyle, M. Terrestrial vegetation monitoring at Ocmulgee Mounds National Historical Park: 2021 data summary. National Park Service, July 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2299748.
Анотація:
The Southeast Coast Network (SECN) conducts long-term terrestrial vegetation monitoring as part of the NPS Inventory and Monitoring Program. The vegetation community vital sign is one of the primary-tier resources identified by SECN park managers, and monitoring is conducted at 15 network parks (DeVivo et al. 2008). Monitoring plants and their associated communities over time allows for targeted understanding of ecosystems within the SECN geography, which provides managers information about the degree of change within their parks’ natural vegetation. 2021 marks the first year of conducting this monitoring effort at Ocmulgee Mounds National Historical Park (OCMU). Eight vegetation plots were established throughout the park in early May. Data collected in each plot included species richness across multiple spatial scales, species-specific cover and constancy, species-specific woody stem seedling/sapling counts and adult tree (greater than 10 centimeters [3.9 inches {in}]) diameter at breast height (DBH), overall tree health, landform, soil, observed disturbance, and woody biomass (i.e., fuel load) estimates. This report summarizes the baseline (year 1) terrestrial vegetation data collected at Ocmulgee Mounds National Historical Park in 2021. Data were stratified across two dominant broadly defined habitats within the park, Coastal Plain Alluvial Wetlands and Coastal Plain Upland Forests. Noteworthy findings include: 142 vascular plant taxa (species or lower) were observed across eight vegetation plots, including 15 species not previously documented within the park. The most frequently encountered species in each broadly defined habitat included: Coastal Plain Alluvial Wetlands: Chinese privet (Ligustrum sinense), Chinese tallow (Triadica sebifera), Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica), eastern poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans var. radicans), and smallspike false nettle (Boehmeria cylindrica). Coastal Plain Upland Forests: sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua), muscadine (Muscadinia rotundifolia var. rotundifolia), winged elm (Ulmus alata), water oak (Quercus nigra), loblolly pine (Pinus taeda), yaupon (Ilex vomitoria), Japanese honeysuckle, American beautyberry (Callicarpa americana), ebony spleenwort (Asplenium platyneuron), and multiple species of woody vines. Eleven non-native species invasive (Category 1 or Category 2) by the Georgia Exotic Pest Plant Council (GA-EPPC 2023) were encountered within the park during this monitoring effort. Three of these species—Chinese privet, Chinese tallow, and Japanese honeysuckle—were among the most frequent and abundant of all species observed within Coastal Plain Alluvial Wetland plots. There were no observations of vascular plant species listed as rare and tracked by the Georgia Department of Natural Resources (GADNR 2023) within these monitoring plots. Sweetgum, red maple (Acer rubrum), swamp tupelo (Nyssa biflora), and Chinese tallow were the most dominant species within the tree stratum of Coastal Plain Alluvial Wetland sites; water oak, loblolly pine, and sweetgum were the most dominant species of Coastal Plain Upland Forests. There were very few observable disturbances to natural and semi-natural vegetation communities documented during this monitoring effort, including very little to no impact of browsing by white-tailed deer, rooting by feral hogs, or presence of diseased or dying trees. The two most pronounced threats to native vegetation on the park are (1) the high prevalence of non-native, invasive plant species (particular within alluvial habitat, and (2) the altered hydrology of the park’s alluvial wetlands from conversion of large berms for vehicle and railroad traffic. Long-term monitoring data will aid in understanding how these threats over time impact the park’s forest communities.
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Boyle, Maxwell, and Elizabeth Rico. Terrestrial vegetation monitoring at Timucuan Ecological and Historic Preserve: 2019 data summary—Version 2.0. National Park Service, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrds-2290196.
Анотація:
The Southeast Coast Network (SECN) conducts long-term terrestrial vegetation monitoring as part of the nationwide Inventory and Monitoring Program of the National Park Service (NPS). The vegetation community vital sign is one of the primary-tier resources identified by SECN park managers, and it is currently conducted on 15 network parks (DeVivo et al. 2008). Monitoring plants and their associated communities over time allows for targeted understanding of ecosystems within the SECN geography, which provides managers information about the degree of change within their parks’ natural vegetation. 2019 marks the first year of conducting this monitoring effort on four SECN parks, including Timucuan Ecological and Historic Preserve (TIMU). A total of 23 vegetation plots were established in the park in May and June. Data collected in each plot include species richness across multiple spatial scales, species-specific cover and constancy, species-specific woody stem seedling/sapling counts and adult tree (greater than 10 centimeters [3.9 inches (in)]) diameter at breast height (DBH), overall tree health, landform, soil, observed disturbance, and woody biomass (i.e., fuel load) estimates. This report summarizes the baseline (year 1) terrestrial vegetation data collected at Timucuan Ecological and Historic Preserve in 2019. Data were stratified across three dominant broadly defined habitats within the park (Coastal Plain Nonalluvial Wetlands, Coastal Plain Open Uplands and Woodlands, and Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands) and three land parcels (Cedar Point, Theodore Roosevelt, and Thomas Creek). Noteworthy findings include: A total of 157 vascular plant taxa (species or lower) were observed across 23 vegetation plots, including nine species not previously known from the park. Three plots were located in the footprint of the Yellow Bluff Fire, and were sampled only two weeks following the fire event. Muscadine (Muscadinia rotundifolia), cat greenbrier (Smilax glauca), water oak (Quercus nigra), and swamp tupelo (Nyssa biflora) were the most frequently encountered species in Coastal Plain Nonalluvial Wetland habitat; saw palmetto (Serenoa repens), slash pine (Pinus elliottii), and gallberry (Ilex glabra) were the most frequently encountered species in Coastal Plain Open Upland and Woodland habitat; and Darlington oak (Quercus hemisphaerica), Spanish moss (Tillandsia usenoides), and red bay (Persea borbonia) were the most frequently encountered species in Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands. There were no exotic species of the Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council list of invasive plants (FLEPPC 2020) observed on any of these plots. Both red bay and swamp bay (Persea palustris) were largely absent from the tree stratum in these plots; however, they were present (occasionally in high abundance) in the seedling and sapling strata across all habitat types. Buckthorn bully (Sideroxylon lycioides)—listed as Endangered in the state of Florida by the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services (FDACS 2020)—was observed in three Maritime Upland Forest and Shrubland plots. The tree strata in each broadly defined habitat were dominated by the following species: Coastal Plain Nonalluvial Wetlands-loblolly bay (Gordonia lasianthus) Coastal Plain Open Uplands and Woodlands-longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands-oaks (Quercus sp.) Most stems within the tree strata exhibited healthy vigor and only moderate dieback across all habitat types. However, there was a large amount of standing dead trees in plots within Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands. Downed woody biomass (fuel loads) were highest in the Cedar Point and Thomas Creek land parcels.