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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Transport of particles"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 5 жовтня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Transport of particles"

DiBenedetto, Michelle H., Nicholas T. Ouellette, and Jeffrey R. Koseff. "Transport of anisotropic particles under waves." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 837 (December 21, 2017): 320–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2017.853.

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Using a numerical model, we analyse the effects of shape on both the orientation and transport of anisotropic particles in wavy flows. The particles are idealized as prolate and oblate spheroids, and we consider the regime of small Stokes and particle Reynolds numbers. We find that the particles preferentially align into the shear plane with a mean orientation that is solely a function of their aspect ratio. This alignment, however, differs from the Jeffery orbits that occur in the residual shear flow (that is, the Stokes drift velocity field) in the absence of waves. Since the drag on an anisotropic particle depends on its alignment with the flow, this preferred orientation determines the effective drag on the particles, which in turn impacts their net downstream transport. We also find that the rate of alignment of the particles is not constant and depends strongly on their initial orientation; thus, variations in initial particle orientation result in dispersion of anisotropic-particle plumes. We show that this dispersion is a function of the particle’s eccentricity and the ratio of the settling and wave time scales. Due to this preferential alignment, we find that a plume of anisotropic particles in waves is on average transported farther but dispersed less than it would be if the particles were randomly oriented. Our results demonstrate that accurate prediction of the transport of anisotropic particles in wavy environments, such as microplastic particles in the ocean, requires the consideration of these preferential alignment effects.

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Hofmann, Eileen E., John M. Klinck, Ricardo A. Locarnini, Bettina Fach, and Eugene Murphy. "Krill transport in the Scotia Sea and environs." Antarctic Science 10, no. 4 (December 1998): 406–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102098000492.

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Historical observations of the large-scale flow and frontal structure of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current in the Scotia Sea region were combined with the wind-induced surface Ekman transport to produce a composite flow field. This was used with a Lagrangian model to investigate transport of Antarctic krill. Particle displacements from known krill spawning areas that result from surface Ekman drift, a composite large-scale flow, and the combination of the two were calculated. Surface Ekman drift alone only transports particles a few kilometres over the 150-day krill larval development time. The large-scale composite flow moves particles several hundreds of kilometres over the same time, suggesting this is the primary transport mechanism. An important contribution of the surface Ekman drift on particles released along the continental shelf break west of the Antarctic Peninsula is moving them north-northeast into the high-speed core of the southern Antarctic Circumpolar Current Front, which then transports the particles to South Georgia in about 140–160 days. Similar particle displacement calculations using surface flow fields obtained from the Fine Resolution Antarctic Model do not show overall transport from the Antarctic Peninsula to South Georgia due to the inaccurate position of the southern Antarctic Circumpolar Current Front in the simulated circulation fields. The particle transit times obtained with the composite large-scale flow field are consistent with regional abundances of larval krill developmental stages collected in the Scotia Sea. These results strongly suggest that krill populations west of the Antarctic Peninsula provide the source for the krill populations found around South Georgia.

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Won, Jongmuk, Dongseop Lee, Khanh Pham, Hyobum Lee, and Hangseok Choi. "Impact of Particle Size Distribution of Colloidal Particles on Contaminant Transport in Porous Media." Applied Sciences 9, no. 5 (March 5, 2019): 932. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9050932.

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The presence of retained colloidal particles causes the retardation of contaminant transport when the contaminant is favorably adsorbed to colloidal particles. Although the particle size distribution affects the retention behavior of colloidal particles, the impact of particle size distribution on contaminant transport has not been reported to date. This study investigates the impact of the particle size distribution of the colloidal particles on contaminant transport through numerical simulation by representing the particle size distribution as a lognormal distribution function. In addition, the bed efficiency and contaminant saturation of simulated breakthrough curves were calculated, and a contaminant transport model with the Langmuir isotherm for the reaction between the contaminant–sand and contaminant–colloidal particle was introduced and validated with experimental data. The simulated breakthrough curves, bed efficiency, and contaminant saturation indicated that an increase in the mean and standard deviation of the particle size distribution causes the retardation of contaminant transport.

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Douglas-Hamilton, D. H., and C. Taylor. "Particles and particle transport in ion implanters." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 6, no. 1-2 (January 1985): 196–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-583x(85)90633-0.

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Kim, T., H. S. Ko, and Oh Chae Kwon. "Simulation Assisted Measurement of Nanoparticle Concentration Generated during High-Density Plasma CVD of Poly-Silicon Films." Key Engineering Materials 326-328 (December 2006): 349–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.326-328.349.

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To study nanoparticles generated within the high-density plasma system, it is necessary to know the particle concentration (#/cm3), which is typically measured using laser light scattering of particles trapped inside the plasma. This technique has limitations because particles are localized due to the forces that act on the trapped particles inside the plasma and the localization point varies as the particles grow. Unless spatially averaged particle concentrations are obtained by scanning through the plasma, laser light scattering measurements of particle concentration might represent only the local variation of particle concentration. In this paper, novel method is presented to measure the particle concentration employing TEM measurement results and the simulation of particle transport for calculation of transport efficiency from the plasma region where the particles are generated to the TEM grid. As the particles were collected on the TEM grid after the plasma was extinguished, the simulation includes the effects of Brownian diffusion, aerodynamic drag and gravitational sedimentation but not electrostatic or ion drag force. Simulation results were obtained for particles ranging from 5 to 100 nm. For each particle size, transport efficiencies from 56 different starting positions were evaluated. It was found that transport efficiencies of particles in the 20 to 50 nm diameter range were highest, since these particles tend to follow the gas flow. Sampling efficiencies of particles smaller than this decreased due to Brownian diffusion. For larger particles, sampling efficiencies also decreased, due to gravitational sedimentation. The measured particle concentrations were found to be ~108 #/cm3 and roughly constant over time.

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Jones, Benjamin T., Andrew Solow, and Rubao Ji. "Resource Allocation for Lagrangian Tracking." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 33, no. 6 (June 2016): 1225–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-15-0115.1.

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AbstractAccurate estimation of the transport probabilities among regions in the ocean provides valuable information for understanding plankton transport, the spread of pollutants, and the movement of water masses. Individual-based particle-tracking models simulate a large ensemble of Lagrangian particles and are a common method to estimate these transport probabilities. Simulating a large ensemble of Lagrangian particles is computationally expensive, and appropriately allocating resources can reduce the cost of this method. Two universal questions in the design of studies that use Lagrangian particle tracking are how many particles to release and how to distribute particle releases. A method is presented for tailoring the number and the release location of particles to most effectively achieve the objectives of a study. The method detailed here is a sequential analysis procedure that seeks to minimize the number of particles that are required to satisfy a predefined metric of result quality. The study assesses the result quality as the precision of the estimates for the elements of a transport matrix and also describes how the method may be extended for use with other metrics. Applying this methodology to both a theoretical system and a particle transport model of the Gulf of Maine results in more precise estimates of the transport probabilities with fewer particles than from uniformly or randomly distributing particle releases. The application of this method can help reduce the cost of and increase the robustness of results from studies that use Lagrangian particles.

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Wang, Jiayi, Yitian Li, Zhiqiang Lai, Lianjun Zhao, and Zhongmei Wang. "Study on the Motion Characteristics of Particles Transported by a Horizontal Pipeline in Heterogeneous Flow." Water 14, no. 19 (October 9, 2022): 3177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14193177.

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The worldwide problem of reservoir sedimentation has perplexed the water conservancy industry. The problem of reservoir sedimentation is particularly serious in sandy rivers in China and directly affects the normal function of reservoirs. Due to its effect on the economy and environmental protection, the self-priming pipeline dredging and sediment discharge technology has broad application prospects. Nevertheless, there are pressing problems in the transportation of slurry particles in the pipeline system of this new technology. The purpose of this study is to use physical model tests to analyze the influence of the sediment transport rate and pipeline velocity on the motion state of particles (aggregation transport, jump transport, and suspension transport) when a heterogeneous flow with different particle sizes is transported in the pipeline. The results indicate that under the same pipeline velocity and sediment transport rate, the thickness of the static particle accumulation layer decreases with the increase in particle size in the state of aggregation and transportation, and the smaller the particle size, the greater the particle movement speed in the case of aggregation and suspension transportation. During jump transportation, the velocity of particles above the critical inflection point Y’ increases with the decrease in particle size. The opposite is found below the critical inflection point Y’. At the same particle size and sediment transport rate, when the pipeline velocity increases, the particle transport transits from aggregation transport to jump transport and then to suspension transport. The larger the pipeline velocity, the greater the overall movement speed of particles. When gathering and conveying, if the pipeline flow rate increases by 1.5, the maximum movement speed of particles increases by 3.3. The curvature of the vertical velocity curve of the particles during jump transportation is not affected by the pipeline velocity. The particle velocity at the highest point increases with the increase in the pipeline velocity. During suspension transportation, the difference between the maximum and minimum vertical particle distribution velocities is exponentially related to the pipeline velocity. At the same pipe velocity and particle size, the overall particle velocity decreases with the increase in sediment transport rate.

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Noorani, Azad, Gaetano Sardina, Luca Brandt, and Philipp Schlatter. "Particle transport in turbulent curved pipe flow." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 793 (March 15, 2016): 248–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2016.136.

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Direct numerical simulations (DNS) of particle-laden turbulent flow in straight, mildly curved and strongly bent pipes are performed in which the solid phase is modelled as small heavy spherical particles. A total of seven populations of dilute particles with different Stokes numbers, one-way coupled with their carrier phase, are simulated. The objective is to examine the effect of the curvature on micro-particle transport and accumulation. It is shown that even a slight non-zero curvature in the flow configuration strongly impact the particle concentration map such that the concentration of inertial particles with bulk Stokes number $0.45$ (based on bulk velocity and pipe radius) at the inner bend wall of mildly curved pipe becomes $12.8$ times larger than that in the viscous sublayer of the straight pipe. Near-wall helicoidal particle streaks are observed in the curved configurations with their inclination varying with the strength of the secondary motion of the carrier phase. A reflection layer, as previously observed in particle laden turbulent S-shaped channels, is also apparent in the strongly curved pipe with heavy particles. In addition, depending on the curvature, the central regions of the mean Dean vortices appear to be completely depleted of particles, as observed also in the partially relaminarised region at the inner bend. The turbophoretic drift of the particles is shown to be affected by weak and strong secondary motions of the carrier phase and geometry-induced centrifugal forces. The first- and second-order moments of the velocity and acceleration of the particulate phase in the same configurations are addressed in a companion paper by the same authors. The current data set will be useful for modelling particles advected in wall-bounded turbulent flows where the effects of the curvature are not negligible.

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Yang, Wenwu, Bo-Fu Wang, Shuai Tang, Quan Zhou, and Yuhong Dong. "Transport modes of inertial particles and their effects on flow structures and heat transfer in Rayleigh–Bénard convection." Physics of Fluids 34, no. 4 (April 2022): 043309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0086017.

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We investigate the flow characteristics and kinetic behaviors of particles in turbulent Rayleigh–Bénard convection particulate flows. Direct numerical simulations combined with a Lagrangian point-particle strategy were carried out in the range of Stokes numbers [Formula: see text] for Rayleigh numbers from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text] at the Prandtl number [Formula: see text]. A two-way coupling model is employed in which the momentum exchange between the dispersed particles and the carrier fluid is taken fully into account. Based on various patterns of particle motion, we find three transport modes of inertial particles which are labeled as the circling transport (CCT) mode, the channel transport (CNT) mode, and the downpour transport (DPT) mode, respectively. These modes can switch to each other when Stokes numbers and Rayleigh numbers vary and exhibit different effects of particle motions on the flow field and heat transfer. For the CCT and DPT modes, compared with the CNT, a weakening alteration of flow structures and thermal plumes leads to no significant effect on the transport of momentum and heat. For the CNT mode, a pronounced effect of particles on enhancements of the turbulent momentum transport and heat transfer relates to the strong interaction between the particle clusters and the chaotic structures of eddies. What is more, the particles tend to homogeneously distribute for the CCT and DPT modes, although the particles exhibit different transport states. As for the CNT mode, under both preferential sweeping and centrifugal effects, particles accumulate into clusters that hover toward the region of high strain rate and the edges of eddies. We found that the averaged particle settling speeds are almost proportional to the Stokes number. The particle settling speeds are larger than the terminal velocity of Stokesian particles for the CCT and CNT modes as particles tend to settle in the downward fluid. In contrast, it becomes smaller than the terminal velocity for the DPT mode due to the drag of the upward fluid.

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Yang, Chun-bo, Lin-bing Wang, Yuan Wang, Qing-wen Li, and Jing-qi Huang. "Transport Characteristics of Tailing Sand Particles under Slotted Tube Overlapped with Geotextile and Steel Mesh." Geofluids 2023 (January 16, 2023): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/1270931.

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Compared with a one-dimensional test, a two-dimensional test has the potential to study the transport characteristics of particles in tailings under different filtration materials. Due to the different test conditions and the complex test environment, the existing devices generally have limited measuring range or high accuracy. Thus, it is urgent to develop an advanced device to improve the ability of the transport characteristics of particles. In this study, a two-dimensional radial flow device is designed for analyzing the transport characteristics of particles which combine the water tank with adjustable pressure and the seepage body providing a tailing sand environment. An experimental system is built, and a seepage process is carried out to explore the transport characteristics of particles. The results indicate that when head difference remains stable, the mixture consisting of the tailing sand and water gradually transports to the vicinity of the slotted tube along the diameter direction. With an increase in head difference, the tailing sand particle size in the mixture shows a slow upward trend, which migrates in the tailing sand. And the proportion of tailing sand particles with different sizes varies under different head differences. Separation of the mixture consisting of tailing sand particles and water occurs near infiltration material, while the mixture has different transportation laws under different filtration materials. Under geotextile, most fine tailing sand particles which transport from the edge remain in geotextiles, causing an increase in the proportion of fine particles around the slotted tube. However, most fine particles pass through steel mesh, leading to a decrease in the proportion of fine particles.

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Дисертації з теми "Transport of particles"

Imoto, Yu, and Takashi Odagaki. "Diffusion on diffusing particles." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-193282.

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We investigate random walk of a particle constrained on cells, where cells behave as a lattice gas on a two dimensional square lattice. By Monte Carlo simulation, we obtain the mean first passage time of the particle as a function of the density and temperature of the lattice gas. We find that the transportation of the particle becomes anomalously slow in a certain range of parameters because of the cross over in dynamics between the low and high density regimes; for low densities the dynamics of cells plays the essential role, and for high densities, the dynamics of the particle plays the dominant role.

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Jiang, Wenchao. "Spin dependent transport in ferromagnetic particles." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/52204.

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Spintronics is an emerging technology that arises from the interplay between spin of the charge carrier and the magnetic property of the materials. The miniaturization of spintronic devices requires a deep understanding of ferromagnetic materials at the nanometer scale. This thesis studies the properties of ferromagnetic particles (2-5nm in diameter) using electron transport measurements. A technique to fabricate nanoparticle devices and incorporate microwave in the electron tunneling measurement of the particles is presented. Repeated microwave pulses can directly excite the magnetization of the particles without heating the electrons. Results of the transport measurements on Co particles will be discussed, which demonstrate that electron tunneling through a ferromagnetic particle can induce magnetization excitations in that particle. A physical model regarding the mesoscopic fluctuations is presented to address the current driven magnetization noise. Numerical simulations based on that model are performed to explain the experimental data and validate the model. Electron transport measurements on Ni, Fe, and Ni??Fe?? are conducted. The hysteretic behaviors of the particles in presence of electron tunneling have strong material dependence, which is mainly due to the magnetic shape anisotropy. Electron tunneling is a main source of magnetization noise, while other sources still need to be identified. Some data we collected from literature will be included in this thesis as an appendix.

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Wang, Fujing. "Pressure gradient and particle adhesion in the pneumatic transport of fine particles." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ28680.pdf.

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Bechinger, Clemens. "Active Brownian motion of asymmetric particles." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-179545.

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Imoto, Yu, and Takashi Odagaki. "Diffusion on diffusing particles." Diffusion fundamentals 6 (2007) 11, S. 1-7, 2007. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A14185.

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Trenkmann, Ines, Daniela Täuber, Michael Bauer, Jörg Schuster, Sangho Bok, Shubhra Gangopadhyay, and Christian von Borczyskowski. "Investigations of solid liquid interfaces in ultra-thin liquid films via single particle tracking of silica particles." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-191734.

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Single particle tracking with a wide field microscope is used to study the solid liquid interface between the viscous liquid tetrakis(2 ethylhexoxy)-silane and a silicon dioxide surface. Silicon dioxide nanoparticles (5 nm diameter) marked with the fluorescent dye rhodamine 6G are used as probes. The distributions of diffusion coefficients, obtained by mean squared displacements, reveal heterogeneities with at least two underlying diffusion components. Measurements on films with varying film thicknesses show that the slower component is independent of the film thickness, while the faster one increases with the film thickness. Additionally, we could show that the diffusion behavior of the particles cannot be sufficiently described by only two diffusion coefficients.

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Trenkmann, Ines, Jörg Schuster, Shubhra Gangopadhyay, and Christian von Borczyskowski. "Investigation of solid liquid interface in ultra-thin liquid films via single particle tracking of colloidal particles." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-191812.

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Schmidt, Frank Dr Ing. "Transport und Abscheidung submikroner Partikel - Transport and deposition of submicron particles." Gerhard-Mercator-Universitaet Duisburg, 2001. http://www.ub.uni-duisburg.de/ETD-db/theses/available/duett-08022001-085456/.

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In this study transport and deposition of submicron particles in turbulent and laminar flows is investigated theoretically. Beginning with the modelling of transport processes in pipe flows, transport onto surfaces and in industrial gas cleaning systems has been calculated. Deposition of particles takes place due to convective diffusion, sedimentation,thermophoresis and impaction. Although different geometries have been investigated a characteristical deposition behaviour has been found with a deposition minimum for submicron particles with diameters larger than 0.1 mm. Transport of these particles often depends on thermo- or electrophoresis.

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Han, Shuxiang. "Chlorocarbon transport out of contaminated soil particles." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/35993.

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Wood, Joseph. "Two phase transport in porous catalyst particles." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.621176.

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Книги з теми "Transport of particles"

P, Chhabra R., and De Kee D, eds. Transport processes in bubbles, drops, and particles. New York: Hemisphere Pub. Corp., 1991.

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D, De Kee, and Chhabra R. P, eds. Transport processes in bubbles, drops, and particles. 2nd ed. New York: Taylor & Francis, 2002.

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M, Spasic Aleksandar, and Hsu Jyh-Ping 1955-, eds. Finely dispersed particles: Micro-, nano-, and atto-engineering. Boca Raton, FL: CRC/Taylor & Francis, 2006.

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Mercier, Richard S. The reactive transport of suspended particles: Mechanisms and modeling. Woods Hole, Mass: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1985.

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Nyanganyura, Daniel. Atmospheric aerosol particles and transport: A climatological perspective for Zimbabwe. Mainz: Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, International Max Planck Research School, 2007.

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Kashlev, I︠U︡ A. Kinetika i termodinamika bystrykh chastit︠s︡ v tverdykh telakh. Moskva: Nauka, 2010.

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Center, Lewis Research, ed. Criteria for significance of simultaneous presence of both condensible vapors and aerosol particles on mass transfer (deposition) rates. [Cleveland, Ohio: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Lewis Research Center, 1986.

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Steuer, Jeffrey S. Distribution and transport of polychlorinated biphenyls and associated particulates in the Hayton Millpond, South Branch Manitowoc River, 1993-95. Middleton, Wis: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1999.

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László, Koblinger, ed. Monte Carlo particle transport methods: Neutron and photon calculations. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1991.

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Steuer, Jeffrey S. Distribution and transport of polychlorinated biphenyls and associated particulates in the Milwaukee River System, Wisconsin, 1993-95. Middleton, Wis. : U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey: U.S. Geological Survey, Branch of Information Services [distributor], 1999.

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Частини книг з теми "Transport of particles"

Wu, Weiming. "Settling of Sediment Particles." In Sediment Transport Dynamics, 95–123. London: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003343165-4.

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Vassiliev, Oleg N. "Transport of Charged Particles." In Monte Carlo Methods for Radiation Transport, 141–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44141-2_5.

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Oborská-Oplová, Michaela, Ute Fischer, Martin Altvater, and Vikram Govind Panse. "Eukaryotic Ribosome assembly and Nucleocytoplasmic Transport." In Ribosome Biogenesis, 99–126. New York, NY: Springer US, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2501-9_7.

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AbstractThe process of eukaryotic ribosome assembly stretches across the nucleolus, the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm, and therefore relies on efficient nucleocytoplasmic transport. In yeast, the import machinery delivers ~140,000 ribosomal proteins every minute to the nucleus for ribosome assembly. At the same time, the export machinery facilitates translocation of ~2000 pre-ribosomal particles every minute through ~200 nuclear pore complexes (NPC) into the cytoplasm. Eukaryotic ribosome assembly also requires >200 conserved assembly factors, which transiently associate with pre-ribosomal particles. Their site(s) of action on maturing pre-ribosomes are beginning to be elucidated. In this chapter, we outline protocols that enable rapid biochemical isolation of pre-ribosomal particles for single particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) and in vitro reconstitution of nuclear transport processes. We discuss cell-biological and genetic approaches to investigate how the ribosome assembly and the nucleocytoplasmic transport machineries collaborate to produce functional ribosomes.

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Chien, Ning, and Zhaohui Wan. "Fall Velocity of Sediment Particles." In Mechanics of Sediment Transport, 63–114. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784404003.ch03.

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Afonso, M. Martins, A. Celani, A. Mazzino, and P. Olla. "Renormalized transport of inertial particles." In Springer Proceedings in Physics, 505–8. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03085-7_121.

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Smirnov, Boris M. "Transport Phenomena in Gaseous Systems." In Atomic Particles and Atom Systems, 161–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75405-5_7.

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Palmgren, F., P. Wåhlin, R. Berkowicz, and R. van Dingenen. "Fine Particles from Traffic." In Transport and Chemical Transformation in the Troposphere, 123–31. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56722-3_22.

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Walschaers, Mattia. "Currents of Indistinguishable Particles." In Statistical Benchmarks for Quantum Transport in Complex Systems, 375–419. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93151-7_9.

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Ghiaasiaan, S. Mostafa. "Diffusion and convective transport of particles." In Convective Heat and Mass Transfer, 493–529. Second edition. | Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, CRC Press, 2018. | Series: Heat transfer: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351112758-14.

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Schlickeiser, Reinhard. "Interplanetary Transport of Cosmic Ray Particles." In Cosmic Ray Astrophysics, 383–89. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04814-6_15.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Transport of particles"

Chen, Jim S., and Jinho Kim. "Micro Particle Transport and Deposition in Human Upper Airways." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-42928.

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The hazard caused by inhaled particles depends on the site at which they deposit within the respiratory system. Knowledge of respiratory aerosol deposition rates and locations is necessary to (1) evaluate potential health effects and establish critical exposure limits and (2) design effective inhaled medications that target specific lung regions. Particles smaller than 10 μm in diameter can be breathed into lungs and are known as inhalable particles, while most of larger particles settle in mouth and nose. Inhalable particles settle in different regions of the lungs and the settling regions depends on the particle size. The motion of a particle is mainly affected by the inertia of the particle and by the particle’s aerodynamic drag. The most important dimensionless parameters in the prediction of particle motion are the flow Reynolds number and the Stoke number, which combines the effects of particle diameter, particle density, shape factor and slip factor. The purpose of this study is to investigate the airflows in human respiratory airways. The influence of particle size on transport and deposition patterns in the 3-D lung model of the human airways is the primary concern of this research. The lung model developed for this research extends from the trachea to the segmental bronchi and it is based on Weibel’s model. The velocity field of air is studied and particle transport and deposition are compared for particles in the diameter range of 1 μm – 100 μm (G0 to G2) and 0.1 μm – 10 μm (G3 to G5) at airflow rates of 6.0, 16.7, and 30.0 L/min, which represent breathing at rest, light activity, and heavy activity, respectively. The investigation is carried out by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) using the software Fluent 6.2. Three-dimensional, steady, incompressible, laminar flow is simulated to obtain the flow field. The discrete phase model (DPM) is then employed to predict the particle trajectories and the deposition efficiency by considering drag and gravity forces. In the present study, the Reynolds number in the range of 200 – 2000 and the Stoke number in the range of 10−5 – 0.12 are investigated. For particle size over 10 μm, deposition mainly occurs by inertial impaction, where deposition generally increases with increases in particle size and flow rate. Most of the larger micron sized particles are captured at the bifurcations, while submicron sized particles flow with the fluid into the lung lower airways. The trajectories of submicron sized particles are strongly influenced by the secondary flow in daughter branches. The present results of particle deposition efficiency in the human upper airways compared well with data in the literature.

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Panko, J. M., J. A. Chu, M. L. Kreider, B. L. McAtee, and K. M. Unice. "Quantification of tire and road wear particles in the environment." In Urban Transport 2012. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/ut120061.

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Stankus, Paul. "Charge Transport in High-Energy Hadron Collisions." In PARTICLES AND NUCLEI: Seventeenth Internatinal Conference on Particles and Nuclei. AIP, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2220219.

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Yap, Y. F., J. C. Chai, T. N. Wong, N. T. Nguyen, K. C. Toh, and H. Y. Zheng. "Particle Transport In Microchannels." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-14112.

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A numerical model for particle transport in microchannel is presented. This article focuses on situations where the sizes of the particles are comparable to the sizes of the channels. The present approach is validated against (1) flow around stationary, (2) flow around forced rotating, (3) flow around freely rotating cylinders and (4) sedimentation of a circular cylinder under gravity. With the present model, the motion of particles carried by an incompressible fluid in a microchannel system is studied.

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Hossan, Mohammad Robiul, Prashanta Dutta, and Robert Dillon. "Numerical Investigation of DC Dielectrophoretic Particle Transport." In ASME 2014 4th Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2014-21674.

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In this paper, we investigate the mechanism of two dimensional DC dielectrophoresis (DEP) using a hybrid immersed interface-immersed boundary method where both electric and hydrodynamic forces are obtained with interface-resolved approach instead of point-particle method. Immersed interface method is employed to predict DC electric field in a fluid media with suspended particles while immersed boundary method is used to study particle transport in a fluid media. The Maxwell stress tensor approach is adopted to obtain dielectrophoretic force. This hybrid numerical scheme demonstrates the underlying physics of positive and negative dielectrophoresis, and explains their contribution in particle assembly with consideration of size, initial configurations and electrical properties of particles as well as fluid media. The results show that the positive DEP provides accelerating motion while negative DEP provides decelerating motion depending on the electrode configurations and initial particle positions. The results also show that the local nonuniformity in electric field induced by the suspended particles guides the particles to form stable chain. Both positive and negative DEP can contribute in the process of particle assembly formation based on the properties of particles and fluid media. This hybrid immersed interface-immersed boundary scheme could be an efficient numerical tool for understanding fundamental mechanism of dielectrophoresis as well as designing and optimization of DEP based microfluidic devices.

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Cronin, Kevin, Fatemeh Kavousi, and Chengbin Tang. "Dispersion in the Residence Time of Size-Dispersed Particles in Sedimentation." In The 20th International Conference on Transport and Sedimentation of Solid Particles. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczego we Wrocławiu (WUELS Publishing House)), 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.30825/4.14-08.2023.

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Theoretical expressions have previously obtained for the statistics of the residence time distribution of particles falling individually in a stationary, Newtonian liquid. The dispersion in the residence or sedimentation time arises both from the size dispersion that may be present in the particles and also because of fluctuations in the axial velocity of the particles about the time-invariant terminal velocity. Such fluctuations are inevitable, except at extremely low Reynolds numbers. The size dispersion is represented by the Log-Normal distribution, as is customary for many particle populations. The erratic nature of particle velocity is represented by a dispersion coefficient and then incorporated into a corresponding Peclet number. The dispersion coefficient reflects both the level of fluctuation in velocity and the representative time-scale of the velocity fluctuation. In addition to residence time distribution, the level of correlation or dependence between particle size and particle residence time can be determined by this method. The theoretical work was previously validated using glass and plastic particles falling in glycerol and water, characterized by low (Re ≈ 1) and high (Re ≈ 1000) Reynolds numbers, respectively. For this paper, new experiments were conducted examining the fall of expanded polystyrene particles with a range of sizes in air. Experiments were carried out with single particle falls and batch (groups of particles) falls. In addition to using different fluids and particles to the previous work, the tests were conducted over a wider range of Reynolds numbers. Results demonstrated that the theory was still valid for these new experiments. Dispersion in residence time and the relationship between particle size and its residence time were predicted with reasonably good accuracy.

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Chen, Zhijian, Andrzej Przekwas, and Mahesh Athavale. "Physics Based Simulation of Large Size Particle Transport in Biomedical Applications." In ASME 2012 Third International Conference on Micro/Nanoscale Heat and Mass Transfer. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnhmt2012-75216.

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In biomedical microdevices and medical applications there is a need to analyze fluid transport of solid structures with sizes comparable to channel dimensions. Examples include manipulation of biological cells in microfluidic devices or transport of thrombin particles in blood vessels. Computational modeling of such macroparticles is very difficult when the particle size is bigger than the size of the computational control volume (mesh element). In performing such simulations, conventional Lagrangian model of micro particles is not suitable since this approach doesn’t account particle’s volume blockage of the supporting Eulerian computational mesh. Other approaches such as deforming mesh or volume of fluid are either impractical of computationally very intensive or limited to structured meshes. We have developed a ‘macroparticle’ methodology where the large particle is represented as a large cluster of smaller particles (marker particles) that is “embedded” on a background computational grid. The macroparticle is then represented by blocking the cells in the background mesh that are overlapped by individual micro-particles. The discrete surface of the macroparticle is represented by partially or fully blocked cells of the background computational mesh. The translation /rotation/deformation motion of the macroparticle is calculated using a 6-DOF model with fluid pressure and shear forces acting on the particle surface used as forces and moments in calculating macroparticle position, velocity, acceleration and rotation. The size of the background grid determines the accuracy of the particle shape definition and the flow solution. The relevant physics and chemical conservation laws for each macroparticle are solved in a coupled, iterative method with the equation systems governing the background fluid domain. This methodology has been successfully used for simulations of macroparticle-laden fluids in micro channels in biochips. As an application of this novel method, we have applied this technology to simulate a moving clot in blood flow and process of clot mechanical dissolution (thrombolysis).

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Shvedov, V. G., A. V. Rode, Ya V. Izdebskaya, A. S. Desyatnikov, W. Z. Krolikowski, and Yu S. Kivshar. "Optical Pipeline for Transport of Particles." In Optical Trapping Applications. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ota.2009.otuc4.

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Cliver, Edward W. "Solar energetic particles: Acceleration and transport." In The 26th international cosmic ray conference (ICRC). AIP, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1291471.

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Ostermeyer, Georg-Peter, Chengyuan Fang, and Felix Rickhoff. "Adhesion-related Wear Dust Transport." In EuroBrake 2021. FISITA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46720/6577111eb2021-stp-007.

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The frictional behavior of a tribological contact is the result of complex interactions between two bodies. In the case of tribological high-load contacts, such as those found in brakes, wear and the associated wear particles play a particularly important role. In the last two decades, a number of papers have been written on this subject, which explain the highly complex dynamics of the friction coefficient, among other things, with the self-organization structures of the wear material in the tribocontact. Here, particle concentrations, so-called patches, form, which act like additional contact areas in the boundary layer. Since they change dynamically, the friction performance shows similar dynamic structures. But the ejection of wear particles is also the current focus of research. The emissions also exhibit dynamic signatures. This work wants to present the further developed measurement technique as well as first approaches to describe the wear particle transport in the boundary layer by experiment and simulation

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Звіти організацій з теми "Transport of particles"

Villa, Daniel. Initial Atmospheric Transport of Particles. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1602951.

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Trahan, Corey, Jing-Ru Cheng, and Amanda Hines. ERDC-PT : a multidimensional particle tracking model. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/48057.

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This report describes the technical engine details of the particle- and species-tracking software ERDC-PT. The development of ERDC-PT leveraged a legacy ERDC tracking model, “PT123,” developed by a civil works basic research project titled “Efficient Resolution of Complex Transport Phenomena Using Eulerian-Lagrangian Techniques” and in part by the System-Wide Water Resources Program. Given hydrodynamic velocities, ERDC-PT can track thousands of massless particles on 2D and 3D unstructured or converted structured meshes through distributed processing. At the time of this report, ERDC-PT supports triangular elements in 2D and tetrahedral elements in 3D. First-, second-, and fourth-order Runge-Kutta time integration methods are included in ERDC-PT to solve the ordinary differential equations describing the motion of particles. An element-by-element tracking algorithm is used for efficient particle tracking over the mesh. ERDC-PT tracks particles along the closed and free surface boundaries by velocity projection and stops tracking when a particle encounters the open boundary. In addition to passive particles, ERDC-PT can transport behavioral species, such as oyster larvae. This report is the first report of the series describing the technical details of the tracking engine. It details the governing equation and numerical approaching associated with ERDC-PT Version 1.0 contents.

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Rahai, Hamid, and Jeremy Bonifacio. Numerical Investigations of Virus Transport Aboard a Commuter Bus. Mineta Transportation Institute, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.2048.

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The authors performed unsteady numerical simulations of virus/particle transport released from a hypothetical passenger aboard a commuter bus. The bus model was sized according to a typical city bus used to transport passengers within the city of Long Beach in California. The simulations were performed for the bus in transit and when the bus was at a bus stop opening the middle doors for 30 seconds for passenger boarding and drop off. The infected passenger was sitting in an aisle seat in the middle of the bus, releasing 1267 particles (viruses)/min. The bus ventilation system released air from two linear slots in the ceiling at 2097 cubic feet per minute (CFM) and the air was exhausted at the back of the bus. Results indicated high exposure for passengers sitting behind the infectious during the bus transit. With air exchange outside during the bus stop, particles were spread to seats in front of the infectious passenger, thus increasing the risk of infection for the passengers sitting in front of the infectious person. With higher exposure time, the risk of infection is increased. One of the most important factors in assessing infection risk of respiratory diseases is the spatial distribution of the airborne pathogens. The deposition of the particles/viruses within the human respiratory system depends on the size, shape, and weight of the virus, the morphology of the respiratory tract, as well as the subject’s breathing pattern. For the current investigation, the viruses are modeled as solid particles of fixed size. While the results provide details of particles transport within a bus along with the probable risk of infection for a short duration, however, these results should be taken as preliminary as there are other significant factors such as the virus’s survival rate, the size distribution of the virus, and the space ventilation rate and mixing that contribute to the risk of infection and have not been taken into account in this investigation.

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Bigl, Matthew, Samuel Beal, and Charles Ramsey. Determination of residual low-order detonation particle characteristics from IMX-104 mortar rounds. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42163.

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The environmental fate and transport of energetic compounds on military training ranges are largely controlled by the particle characteristics of low-order detonations. This study demonstrated a method of command detonation, field sampling, laboratory processing, and analysis techniques for characterizing low-order detonation particles from 60 mm and 81 mm mortar rounds containing the insensitive munition formulation IMX-104. Particles deposited from three rounds of each caliber were comprehensively sampled and characterized for particle size, energetic purity, and morphology. The 60 mm rounds were command-detonated low order consistently (seven low-order detonations of seven tested rounds), with con-sumption efficiencies of 62%–80% (n = 3). The 81 mm rounds detonated low order inconsistently (three low-order detonations of ten tested rounds), possibly because the rounds were sourced from manufacturing test runs. These rounds had lower consumption efficiencies of 39%–64% (n = 3). Particle-size distributions showed significant variability between munition calibers, between rounds of the same caliber, and with distance from the detonation point. The study reviewed command-detonation configurations, particle transfer losses during sampling and particle-size analysis, and variations in the energetic purity of recovered particles. Overall, this study demonstrated the successful characterization of IMX-104 low-order detonation particles from command detonation to analysis.

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Park, J.K. . Boozer, A.H and . Menard, J.E. Non-ambipolar Transport by Trapped Particles in Tokamaks. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/950505.

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Jiang, Wen, Aysenur Toptan, Jason Hales, Benjamin Spencer, Albert Casagranda, and Stephen Novascone. Fission Product Transport in TRISO Particles and Pebbles. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1818294.

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Amman, M., J. S. Lee, and P. N. Luke. Electron transport uniformity characterization of CdZnTe using alpha particles. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/334368.

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Palmer, T., and D. Anistratov. Analysis of Curvilinear Geometry Characteristic-Based Particles Transport Discretizations. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1130011.

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Breizman, B. N., H. L. Berk, and H. Ye. Collective transport of alpha particles due to Alfven wave instability. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10136879.

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Cary, J. R., and S. G. Shasharina. Collisional and chaotic transport of energetic particles in toroidal plasma. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5199907.

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