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Статті в журналах з теми "Transition from one language to another":
1
Mokibelo, Eureka. "Transition from Setswana to English: A Policy Dilemma." Journal of Language Teaching and Research 7, no. 4 (July 1, 2016): 665. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/jltr.0704.05.
Анотація:
This paper examines learners’ transition from Setswana in Standard One to English at Standard Two in line with the implementation of the language-in-education policy in selected Botswana primary schools. Using data from classroom observations, open ended questionnaires and interviews, this paper scrutinizes the effectiveness of such transition especially where learners do not speak both languages of instruction. The transitional education model is used as a theoretical framework for this paper to better understand how transition could be done from one language to another. The findings of this study indicate that transition from Setswana medium of instruction to English medium is taken for granted and is overlooked by key agents of the policy and supervisors and therefore it is not monitored and supervised. The conclusion is that the period of transition is critical and sensitive. As a result, teachers and supervisors; both internal and external should have the necessary delivery skills and support to enable them to go through that critical period with less anxiety.
2
Karimov, Shohjahon Dusmurodovich. "Making Anthroponyms from Nouns by Conversion Method." International Journal of Social Science Research and Review 5, no. 5 (April 30, 2022): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.47814/ijssrr.v5i5.293.
Анотація:
The article discusses the onomastic conversion (lexical-semantic method) - a nominal, i.e. functional transfer of words is a common phenomenon in the language, in which the transfer of a lexeme from one-word group to another word group, the transition of appellate lexicon to a noun without any constructive means. In language, the transition of words from one category to another is uninterrupted, because word groups themselves are not a phenomenon with a fixed boundary, as a result of the constant movement of language, words tend to move towards one lexical-grammatical category and perform their function. Language development occurs through events such as derivation, transformation, transposition, and conversion.
3
Gomazkova, Lyudmila, Oleg Bezbozhnov, Osamah Al-Qadi, Sergey Galich, and Denis Chadaev. "Traffic Behavior Analysis During the Transition from One Level of the Network Hierarchy to Another." NBI Technologies, no. 3 (December 2021): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/nbit.jvolsu.2021.3.1.
Анотація:
The hierarchical network model is the most preferable in the design of computer networks, as it allows you to create a more stable structure of network, rationally allocate available resources, and also provide a higher degree of data protection. In this work, the study of the behavior of the traffic during the transition from one level of the network hierarchy to another, based on the study of the values of the traffic self-similarity degree during this transition. For the study, a simulation model of a computer network with a hierarchical topology was developed using the NS-3 simulator. Also, a window application was developed in the Visual C# programming language. With the help of this application the degree of self-similarity of the traffic was investigated using the files obtained as a result of processing the trace file. Thus, as a result of the study, it can be stated that any changes in the degree of self-similarity of the network traffic when this traffic moves from one level of the hierarchy to another level depends on such a condition as the direction of traffic movement. The initial degree of selfsimilarity of network traffic also effects on the network traffic self-similarity degree.
4
Keevallik, Leelo. "Pro-adverbs of manner as markers of activity transition." Studies in Language 34, no. 2 (August 13, 2010): 350–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.34.2.05kee.
Анотація:
This paper explores the phenomenon that pro-adverbs of manner are cross-linguistically used to mark transitions from one activity to another. In Estonian, the pro-adverb nii is used for this purpose. Among Estonian refugees in Sweden, an activity transition is frequently marked with soo. Both nii and soo originally had the same semantic meaning ‘like this/that, in this way, so’, even though soo merely in its source language German. The article argues that the deictic pro-adverbs of manner are especially suitable for the task of marking activity transitions because they can be applied at the boundaries of verbal as well as non-verbal activities. The reason for the existence of this pattern seems to lie in the general necessity in human interaction to jointly move from one activity to another and the exophoric deictic capacity of pro-adverbs. The study explores audio- and video-recorded examples with regard to the sequencing of social actions accomplished by the participants in the verbal as well as the bodily domain.
5
Franić, Ivana. "From metataxis to linguistic mediation: the forgotten structure?" Linguistica 54, no. 1 (December 31, 2014): 411–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/linguistica.54.1.411-424.
Анотація:
In his capital work Eléments de syntaxe structurale (1959) Lucien Tesnière introduces the concept of metataxis, structural change occurring during the transition from one language to another. While focusing on structural relationships that are built upon this passage, the author highlights the need to rethink the phrase in the target language. Departing from a purely mechanical perspective, Tesnière paves the way for contrastive analysis, but also for cognitive theories, referring to the concepts of traductions profondes and of the independence of structure and meaning.However, the action-oriented approach presupposes a dynamic process of learning / teaching that places the learner at the center and takes into account all the abilities of this “social actor”. In that way the CEFR opens the individual and social dimensions of mediation (Piccardo 2012), which is one of the key concepts of the action-oriented approach.In this paper we outline the conceptual foundations of metataxis and linguistic mediation and then examine the role of translation as the basic operation for the transition from one language to another, specifically in the learner-centred action-oriented approach. We rethink the concept of translation, taking into account its mechanical and structural aspects as well as its individual and social dimensions, which offers many opportunities for language and culture learning. The linguistic structure is considered as an essential component of linguistic mediation.
6
Apostolou, Zoi T. "Continuities, discontinuities and transition in early childhood literacy education at digital time." Preschool Education: Global Trends 2 (September 29, 2022): 64–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2786-703x-2022-2-64-93.
Анотація:
Introduction. This paper reports the results of a study concerning the views and the expectations of primary teachers for the transition from kindergarten to primary school.
Goal. In a recently new educational environment, in which all educators “forced” to continue their educational practices as to ensure for their students a smooth transition from one level to another, two transitions processes implemented. The first one concerns the move from in-person to virtual delivery of the language classroom and the second one concern the preschoolers’ transition from kindergarten to primary school.
Methods of the Research. In this context, 16 Greek first grade primary school teachers' views about their (previous preschoolers) students' literacy development and elements of literacy knowledge after remote teaching (in a preschool setting) were collected with semi-structured interviews and analyzed using thematic analysis.
The Results. The results showed that support for the transition of young children from preschool to primary school settings and literacy development was inevitably affected into this new educational environment. Therefore, teachers propose the continuity between early childhood and primary school literacy programmes as the key for a smoother transition. Based on evaluations of experiences, a smooth transition and continuity from one level to another could be also facilitated and intermediated by collaboration of preschool and primary school teachers and other stakeholders. Furthermore, discontinuities in early childhood literacy education and development could be disappeared if policy makers try to bridge and sculpt “distances” via effective transition programmes.
Conclusions. The knowledge of current practice, priorities, challenges, and opportunities will help language educators to adjust their education offer, their syllabi, expectations, or pedagogical approaches to facilitate a more positive and smooth transition process for each and every learner.
7
Thompson, David Carl. "From Central Africa to Egypt: A Surgeon’s Journey." Christian Journal for Global Health 6, no. 2 (December 23, 2019): 50–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15566/cjgh.v6i2.28.
Анотація:
When medical professionals step out of one culture into another to serve in mission, the transition is far more complex and difficult than even those with wide international experience may realize, especially if it involves a change between widely divergent cultures, the need to learn a new language or work through a translator, and understanding a completely new worldview. Understanding how these issues affect medical practice requires a mixture of humility, curiousity, and perseverance, and can bring about successful transition and widen doors to successful ministry.
8
Collard, Christophe. "Adaptation in transition." English Text Construction 4, no. 1 (May 4, 2011): 18–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/etc.4.1.02col.
Анотація:
Adaptations, currently the best-known example of intersemiotic translation, more often than not are addressed in the disingenuous terms of ‘fidelity,’ ‘parasitism,’ or ‘solipsism.’ Although it seems a truism that adaptations adapt a ‘text’ from one discursive field to another, such a straightforward causality conflicts with the notion of ‘discursive field’ in which it is wont to occur. Moreover, the adaptation presented as adaptation loses its referential effect when the receiver is unacquainted with the material transposed. Together both issues — i.e. linearity and referentiality — in fact account for most of the misconceptions about the paradoxical phenomenon that is adaptation. This essay therefore proposes a semiological argument aimed at providing a better understanding of the discursive mechanisms at work in adaptational practice.
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Shamilov, Raviddin M. "Two alphabets for one minority language as a threat to its existence (a case study of Lezgian)." Izvestiya of Saratov University. Philology. Journalism 23, no. 3 (August 22, 2023): 254–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1817-7115-2023-23-3-254-261.
Анотація:
The paper deals with the failed attempt of the Republic of Azerbaijan to introduce an additional Latin-based alphabet for the Lezgian language, which has been using the Cyrillic script since the late 30s of the 20th century to the present day. It provides a brief history of Lezgian script from ancient times to the present day, analyzes the current state and condition of Lezgian being spoken on the territory corresponding to its historical base – the Republic of Dagestan (Russia) and the Republic of Azerbaijan – and establishes its status as a minority and vulnerable language. With reference to the Latin-based alphabet of Lezgian which was in use from 1928 to 1938 and apparently has been offered as such in the Republic of Azerbaijan, linguistic disadvantages of the possible transition of Lezgian alphabet to the Latin script are revealed. The example of Lezgian suggests that an attempt by the state to provide a language which is recognized as a minority and, to some extent, even minorized language in it with an extra alphabet, as well as the lack of it at all, can be regarded as a real threat to the very existence of the language. The author concludes that despite the fact that there are a few other examples of biscriptalism represented by majority and official languages, to the development and existence of which the simultaneous use of another script in another country poses no threat, in case of Lezgian the biscriptalism could have a destructive impact on its development and cause social risks such as the loss of ethnic and cultural identity of Lezgian speakers, the division of the Lezgi people into two separate groups totally devoid of ethnic consciousness and their subsequent irreversible assimilation.
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Kadzadej, Brikena, and Mario de Matteis. "AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON THE PHONETIC AND PHONOLOGICAL INTERLINGUAL INTERFERENCE IN BILINGUAL ALBANIANS DURING THE TRANSITION PERIOD (AFTER THE FALL OF THE COMMUNIST REGIME)." Folia linguistica et litteraria XIII, no. 41 (November 2022): 211–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31902//fll.41.2022.10.
Анотація:
In this article, interference is defined as the incorrect and mostly unconscious transfer of linguistic features from one language to another by bilingual speakers (namely Albanians during the democratic transition period), caused by the mutual impact of both languages (German and Albanian). The aim of the present article is to make an exhaustive list of the interference occurrences at the phonetic and phonological level among bilingual Albanians during the transition period, to describe them and draw appropriate conclusions about such linguistic phenomena. The present study draws on important scientific findings as well as the collected data of an empirical study on Albanian-German bilingualism (including a questionnaire and corresponding interviews). According to the interviews carried out, this fact is put down to the Albanian language level of the test subjects which indicates that even those who pretend to be bilingual speakers cannot completely differentiate between the two language systems (Albanian and German). Phonetic and phonological interferences have often been noticeable among the German-speaking Albanians: Probably this might be caused by the significant difference in nature between the German and the Albanian language.
Дисертації з теми "Transition from one language to another":
1
Orias, Vargas Maria Alejandra. "La littérature migrante hispano-américaine d'expression française depuis les années 1960." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASK002.
Анотація:
Cette thèse a pour objet l´étude de la littérature migrante hispano-américaine d'expression française, de 1960 à nos jours. Langue de communication et langue de culture, le français est aussi langue de création au-delà de ses zones linguistiques. Il est ainsi devenu la langue d'adoption d'écrivains européens en dehors des pays francophones, comme ce fut le cas pour l'Irlandais Samuel Beckett ou le Roumain Emil Cioran. On sait moins que certains écrivains hispano-américains ont aussi fait le choix du français pour leur œuvre littéraire. Cette étude entend mettre en lumière ledit phénomène à compter des années 1960. Elle s'inscrit au carrefour de deux orientations de recherche. Elle fait d'abord fond sur l'histoire des représentations de la littérature et de la culture françaises en Amérique latine et entend contribuer à l'enrichir d'apports contemporains grâce à un corpus d'auteurs récents : les Argentins Silvia Baron Supervielle et Hector Bianciotti, le Cubain Eduardo Manet et le Chilien Luis Mizón. Elle se veut aussi une analyse croisée de ces écrivains hispano-américains qui, non contents d'être installés en France, en ont employé la langue dans une démarche littéraire. Ces deux axes sont requis pour mieux appréhender ce type de littérature migrante qui s'intéresse à l'expérience de l'exil et au processus de déterritorialisation et reterritorialisation. Au cœur de celui-ci surgit un espace de l'entre-deux pour repenser et négocier le rapport entre le territoire et l'identité suite au déplacement qui a réaligné les frontières. Cette démarche a permis aux auteurs du corpus de dissocier la langue de l'identité nationale pour opérer leur passage au français. Ce dernier ne révèle ni une assimilation à la langue et à la culture du pays d'accueil, ni un renoncement à la culture d'origine, ni un abandon de la langue maternelle. Le français donne lieu à la création d'une langue singulière qui ne peut être assignée à un champ littéraire déterminé. Le seul espace auquel appartient cette langue est la marge : un espace vierge né entre la langue française et la langue espagnoleThis thesis aims to study the French language that emerged from Hispano-American migrant literature from 1960 to the present. As a language of communication and culture, French is also a language of creation beyond its linguistic boundaries. It has thus become the language of adoption for European writers besides French-speaking countries, as was the case for the Irishman Samuel Beckett and the Romanian Emil Cioran. Crucially however, the fact that some Spanish-American writers have also chosen French for their literary work is less well known. This study sheds light on this phenomenon from the 1960s onwards considering two lines of research. Firstly, we build on the history of representations of French literature and culture in Latin America to enrich it with contemporary contributions through a corpus of recent authors: the Argentinians Silvia Baron Supervielle, Hector Bianciotti, the Cuban Eduardo Manet and the Chilean Luis Mizón. Secondly, we propose a cross-analysis of these Spanish-American writers who, going beyond being settled in France, have used French language in a poetic approach. These two axes are necessary to better understand this type of migrant literature, which focuses on the experience of exile and the process of deterritorialization and reterritorialization. At the central point of this process is the emergence of an in-between space in which both to rethink and negotiate the relationship between territory and identity due to displacement have realigned borders. This process enabled the authors to dissociate language from identity in order to make the transition to French, which differs from assimilating the language and culture of the host country or denying their own culture, let alone abandoning their mother tongue. French becomes the material for creating a new language that cannot be assigned to a specific literary field. The only space to which this language belongs is a virgin space born between French and Spanish
2
Bressert, Robert G. "Transition of authority from one generation of lay leaders to another case studies of rural churches /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Access this title online, 2005. http://www.tren.com.
3
Holmes, Ronald. "Developing a strategy for transition of the leadership of Southside Baptist Church, Monroeville, Alabama, from one generation to another." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2005. http://www.tren.com/search.cfm?p053-0283.
4
Ratajczak, Luella M. "The role of the administrator in facilitating the transition of at-risk, developmentally delayed, or children with disabilities from one program or setting to another." 1990. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/23584813.html.
Анотація:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1990.Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 177-187).
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PAUKEJE, Josef. "Funkce polovětných vazeb ve španělském textu a jejich ekvivalenty v češtině." Master's thesis, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-80497.
Анотація:
Tato diplomová práce je rozdělena na teoretickou a praktickou část a zabývá se výskytem polovětných konstrukcí tvořených některým z neosobních slovesných tvarů ve španělském jazyce a volbou jejich ekvivalentů při překladu do češtiny. Cílem této práce je poskytnout přehled vlastností, zvláštností a dalších poznatků o polovětných konstrukcích ze španělsky a česky psaných zdrojů. Široké spektrum gramatik, publikací a skript, včetně dvoujazyčného elektronického korpusu literárních děl, přináší nejen velké množství informací o těchto konstrukcích, ale také rozbor volených jazykových prostředků při překladu z jednoho jazyka do druhého a vyhodnocení získaných údajů.
Книги з теми "Transition from one language to another":
1
Waard, Jan de. From one language to another: Functional equivalence in Bible translating. Nashville: Nelson, 1986.
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Thorn, Robert Charles. Challenging under-achievement by structuring the transition from one teaching style to another. Oxford: Oxford Brookes University, 1998.
3
Akhtar, Alafia. One Man's Trash is Another Man's Treasure: The Transition of Clinker Brick from Disposable to Decorative. [New York, N.Y.?]: [publisher not identified], 2013.
4
Turbovskoy, Yakov, and Vera Filinova. Technology of pedagogical goal setting. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1077741.
Анотація:
Based on the theory of pedagogical goal-setting, the monograph reveals the ways to achieve goals as a planned result obtained at each lesson, during the transition from one topic to another, during the school year and all years of study. This book, which includes the technology of pedagogical goal-setting, solves a two-pronged problem: it provides an opportunity to improve the professional skills of each teacher and contributes to improving the effectiveness of managing the development of education from the point of view of the requirements of modern state standards and curricula as an integral process.
For teachers, head teachers, Directors of educational institutions, methodologists and heads of educational bodies.
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Carey, Lamont. The Transition: From One Hell Hole to Another. Lacarey Entertainment, LLC, 2018.
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Nida, Eugene A., and Jan de Waard. From One Language to Another: Functional Equivalence in Bible Translation. Nelson Incorporated, Thomas, 1986.
7
van der Walt, Christa, and Verbra Pfeiffer, eds. Multilingual Classroom Contexts: Transitions and transactions. African Sun Media, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18820/9781991201713.
Анотація:
By far the majority of South African students get their schooling in a second language, which means that our classrooms are multilingual. This state of affairs is not exclusive to our country, as can be seen in the many academic conferences on multilingual learning and teaching. Terms like translanguaging and biliteracy appear in many articles and books that discuss the role language in education. What makes the multilingual nature of our South African classrooms challenging, is the fact that many learners switch from one language of learning and teaching to another at various points in their school career: from home language to English or Afrikaans after the foundation phase, from one language of learning and teaching to another when they move to new schools, high school or tertiary institutions. This book is an attempt to highlight the transitions; from home to school, from foundation to intermediate phase, from primary to high school, and from high school to tertiary institutions.
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Aldrich, Sandra Picklesimer. De una Madre Sola a Otra/ From One Single Mother to Another: Heart-lifting Encouragement and Practical Advice. Casa Creacion, 2007.
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Trestman, Robert L. Transition of pharmacology from community to corrections. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199360574.003.0019.
Анотація:
Psychopharmacology in general is a challenging field that includes much art as well as science. Clinicians usually depend upon self-report in making decisions regarding medication selection and dosing. When a patient becomes incarcerated, there are multiple potentially conflicting, or synergistic, situations. There are issues of different formularies, different environmental stressors, changed support groups, and practice patterns that all may contribute differentially to medication management decisions. Current community medications may have been determined while ongoing illicit drug use confounded the diagnostic picture. Collaboration between clinician and patient may have been poor, and subsequently treatment adherence may in turn have been marginal. Many similar issues apply when a patient transfers from a jail to a prison or from one prison to another. Preparation and review of transfer summary sheets and more detailed records are just as important in these situations and should be seen as the minimum standard in policy and in practice. Ideally, continuity of care, and any concerns about diagnosis or treatment are best shared through direct communication. A telephone exchange between treating psychiatrists is always better than simple written documentation. This chapter discusses both the issues and pragmatic management opportunities that can lead to improved patient care and enhanced functioning.
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Johnston, Katherine. The Nature of Slavery. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197514603.001.0001.
Анотація:
Abstract In response to abolitionist efforts to end the transatlantic slave trade in the late eighteenth century, plantation owners in the Caribbean, Britain, and the American South insisted that only Africans and their descendants could labor in warm climates. Black bodies, they argued, were especially suited for cultivating crops in the heat, while white bodies were incapable of such work. By examining personal correspondence regarding bodily health and the environment in the context of plantation labor in the Anglo-Atlantic world, this book argues that defenders of slavery made these claims about people’s ability to labor despite their experiences, not because of them. At the same time, the book shows how planters’ claims contributed to historical myths about the transition to enslaved labor on seventeenth-century plantations. Finally, this book argues that the language about climate contributed to the construction of race in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century Atlantic world. By linking climate, race, and the ability to labor, planters categorically separated Black and white bodies from one another. Their arguments permeated a public imagination and, through the language of climate and bodily difference, became accepted as natural. Following a story from the Caribbean to the colony of Georgia through debates over the abolition of the slave trade and, finally, to the antebellum South, this book demonstrates the pervasiveness of a groundless theory about climate, labor, and bodily difference that ultimately contributed to notions of race.
Частини книг з теми "Transition from one language to another":
1
Cohen, L. Jonathan. "Should Natural-Language Definitions be Insulated from, or Interactive with, One Another in Sentence Composition?" In Knowledge and Language, 95–112. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2020-5_8.
2
Adrey, Jean-Bernard. "From one Diglossic Situation to Another — Ideological and Sociolinguistic Change in Modernising Corsica (1769–1974)." In Discourse and Struggle in Minority Language Policy Formation, 160–76. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230583986_7.
3
Maritxalar, Montse, Elaine Uí Donnchadha, Jennifer Foster, and Monica Ward. "Quizzes on Tap: Exporting a Test Generation System from One Less-Resourced Language to Another." In Human Language Technology Challenges for Computer Science and Linguistics, 502–14. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14120-6_41.
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Hagel, Anna. "Chapter 3. One man’s [ɕœtː] is another man’s [kʰøð̞]." In Constructional Approaches to Nordic Languages, 55–80. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cal.37.03hag.
Анотація:
The three Continental Scandinavian languages Danish, Norwegian and Swedish are closely related and share a large pool of Interscandinavian cognates, but a variety of phonological differences between the languages can obscure the lexical similarities and make spoken Interscandinavian communication a challenge for untrained listeners. It is therefore advantageous to know about sound correspondences, and applying sound correspondence ‘rules’ is thought to be one of the major strategies in Interscandinavian decoding. How speakers analyse, acquire and utilize such phonological patterns has not been investigated so far, however – neither theoretically nor empirically. Using example correspondences between Danish and Swedish, the chapter illustrates how the acquisition of sound correspondence rules could look like from a Construction Grammar perspective, more precisely, from the perspective of Diasystematic Construction Grammar (Höder, 2018). It models knowledge about sound correspondences as a combination of two language-specific constructions and one cross-linguistic language-unspecific construction capturing the equivalence relation between the two language-specific ones. Besides specific sound correspondence constructions, also the acquisition of more abstract constructions presenting a generalization over several specific correspondences is illustrated. The cognitive plausibility of sound correspondence constructions at different levels of abstraction is discussed against the background of an ongoing debate in the CxG community about higher-order schemas.
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Tantucci, Vittorio, and Aiqing Wang. "Chapter 2. From fear to reason." In Studies in Language Companion Series, 50–73. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/slcs.232.02tan.
Анотація:
In this study we support the view that grammaticalization can unfold both in the form of increased dependency and increased expansion (cf. Traugott & Trousdale 2013), even when originating from the same original lexeme. We provide the case study of the Mandarin apprehensive verb 怕 pà ‘to be afraid’ which developed a new epistemic meaning ‘to believe, to conclude that’. The shift from fear to reason in so-called epistemic-apprehensives (Jing-Schmidt & Kapatsinski 2012) has been observed in a number of languages, including the English construction I am afraid (Leech 1983; Palmer 2001). What this study shows is that this transition in Chinese involves grammaticalization as increased dependency for constructions such as 不怕 bùpà ‘no fear’ > ‘although’ and 只怕 zhǐpà ‘only fear’ > ‘probably’. However, it also leads to grammaticalization as expansion, such is the case of 恐怕 kǒngpà ‘to be afraid’ > ‘to conclude that’. This supports and reinforces Traugott & Trousdale’s (2013) view that grammaticalization is not necessarily bound to increased reduction and dependency and can be at work also as a mechanism of functional expansion, even along the same cline of change, such is the present one involving the same source (fear) and target domains (reason) of reanalysis.
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Bardazzi, Rossella, and Maria Grazia Pazienza. "Vulnerable Households in the Energy Transition." In Studies in Energy, Resource and Environmental Economics, 1–8. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-35684-1_1.
Анотація:
AbstractEnergy transitions are multi-dimensional and multi-actor processes involving technical systems, social networks and societal institutions and regimes (Sovacool and Geels, Energy Research & Social Science 22:232–237, 2016). Interactions between firms, households, policymakers and social bodies are at the core of the shift from one energy system to another. This nexus of interactions is even more important to be analysed when considering the current energy transition towards decarbonization, which is mainly policy-driven rather than social- or technology-driven.
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Lotherington, Heather. "Language in Digital Motion: From ABCs to Intermediality and Why This Matters for Language Learning." In Beyond Media Borders, Volume 1, 217–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49679-1_7.
Анотація:
Abstract Linguistic communication has moved beyond simple alphabetic encoding to multimedia design, challenging the fit of structural theories of language to digital communication. This transition is barely evident in mobile language learning contexts where top-selling apps present language as a linguistic structure to be drilled, ironically bypassing the complex communicative potential of smart devices. This chapter overviews changing language norms from language as structure to language within multimodality and comparatively discusses multimodality from a social semiotics paradigm nested in linguistic theory and from Elleström’s intermediality paradigm. To illustrate how one could conceptualize multimodality from a perspective decentred from linguistics and leveraged to explain language use in multimedia contexts, the author examines two novel features of digital communication: emoji and conversational digital agents.
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Strößner, Corina, Annika Schuster, and Gerhard Schurz. "Modification and Default Inheritance." In Language, Cognition, and Mind, 311–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50200-3_14.
Анотація:
AbstractModification usually decreases the judged likelihood of typicality statements. People judge “Old coyotes howl” as less likely than just “Coyotes howl”. This paper addresses this so-called modification effect. In order to analyse the effect, we propose an extended modification model based on the selective modification model by Smith et al. (1988) and Barsalou’s (1992) frames. In this model we introduce cross-attributional constraintsModification effect, relevant modification that explain how a change in one dimension leads to an alteration of another attribute, especially if the modifierModification is not typical. Finally, we discuss data from Connolly et al. (2007) and present new experimental evidence from an explorative study.
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Corballis, Michael C. "Did Language Evolve from Manual Gestures?" In The Transition to Language, 161–79. Oxford University PressOxford, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199250653.003.0008.
Анотація:
Abstract The theory that language evolved from manual gestures rather than vocalizations goes back at least to Condillac in 1746, but was given its modern shape by Hewes in 1973. Since then, supporting evidence has continued to accumulate. However, the theory has not found wide acceptance. One reason may be that it is seen to undermine the huge body of work on phonological aspects of language, and on the notion that ‘speech is special’ (Liberman 1982: 148). Another is that it may seem to lack parsimony. Speech seems so much a natural part of the human condition that one might ask why it should be necessary to postulate that language emerged from an entirely different channel of communication.
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Hampton, Cathy. "Transitioning as a language act." In Innovative language teaching and learning at university: facilitating transition from and to higher education, 1–9. Research-publishing.net, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14705/rpnet.2022.56.1368.
Анотація:
“The world is but a perpetual see-saw. […] I cannot fix my subject. He is always restless, and reels with a natural intoxication. I catch him here, as he is at the moment when I turn my attention to him. I do not portray his being; I portray his passage; not a passage from one age to another […] but from day to day, from minute to minute. I must suit my story to the hour, for soon I may change, not only by chance but also by intention” (Montaigne, 1588/1958, On Repentance, Essays III, 2, p. 235). This musing on perpetual change from the plague-swept and war-torn France of the late sixteenth century seems to capture, across time, the new mindset that Covid-19 has engendered in all of us...
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Transition from one language to another":
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Robert, Sam. "Linguistic and Cultural Shifts of the Aranadan Tribe in Kerala." In GLOCAL Conference on Asian Linguistic Anthropology 2019. The GLOCAL Unit, SOAS University of London, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47298/cala2019.10-3.
Анотація:
Language and cultural shifts are the major causes of endangerment of any community, which begins from minor switching of practices and verbal repertoires and ends with a whole change of community, and finally culminates in the community losing its own identity. Language shift usually takes place in a bilingual or multilingual speech community. It is a social phenomenon, whereby one language replaces another in a given society due to underlying changes in the composition and aspirations of the society. This process transitions from speaking the old to the new language. This is not fully a structural change caused by the dynamics of the old language as a system. The new language is adopted as a result of contact with another language community. The term language shift excludes language change which can be seen as an evolution, and hence the transition from older to newer forms of the same language. Contact between two or more cultures often leads to different sociological processes such as acculturation, cultural change, cultural genocide, and cultural shift. Cultural shift occurs when a community gives up its own socio-cultural practices like customs, rituals and traditional beliefs, and is characterized by changes in cultural symbols, rules of behavior, social organizations, or value systems. It differs from the process of cultural change in which a community’s culture can evolve independently. Shifts may take place at the level of an individual speaker who gradually forgets or shifts to another language and consequently this language spreads to an entire community. This phenomenon can be seen among the Aranadans, a primitive tribal community found mainly in the Malappuram district and in other Northern districts such as Kasargode and Kannur of Kerala, owing to their irreverence towards the preservation of their own language and culture. The socio-ecological, psychological and educational factors impact their language and cultural shifts. This paper illustrates and clarifies the reasons for the language and cultural shifts of the Aranadan tribal community.
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Fortin, Moira. "Practice as Research a collective form of activism from a South American perspective." In LINK 2023. Tuwhera Open Access, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/link2022.v4i1.202.
Анотація:
As a Chilean living in Aotearoa/ New Zealand I am constantly looking to Latin and South America. Living in the diaspora has allowed me to examine and reflect upon the different socio-political issues arising in the region from afar and with perspective. As an actress and researcher, I am on an ongoing exploration considering how to share research projects from a creative activist standpoint, moving beyond traditional academic research publications into forms that are situated and accessed in the exchanges of everyday relationships and resistance. Written academic outputs are primarily intended for reading, although some contain images or photographs that complement and / or enrich the verbal content. These outputs tend to reach a small portion of the population, the highly educated elite with economic means to access books and participate in conferences or symposiums. Practice as research emerges from a rigorous process of research, critical analysis, and embodied distillation of academic texts. Practice as research relates to my aim to share research not only with wider audiences reaching communities with different cultural and linguistic backgrounds. It also relates to my intention to create work that could resonate outwards, across borders and boundaries, transferring content from one format to another, from the academic world to a medium of expression such as theatre, illustration, dance and/or digital. The concept of transposition emphasizes the creative process that operates in the transition from one medium to another, it “designates the idea of transference, but also that of transplantation, of putting something in another place, of removing certain models, but thinking of another register or system” (Wolf, 2001, p. 16). The transposition process creates a new object, precisely from other languages, cultural contexts, and disciplinary formats (Wolf, 2001). The idea of transmedia transformation certainly applies to my way of finding spaces to share research. Working across languages, Spanish, English, German and French has enabled me to work collectively and in collaboration with other artists, researchers, and activists. These collective actions have been produced through different media and artistic languages where each of us bring our specific artistic experiences, aesthetic incarnations, and gender experiences to inform our research practices.
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Kleiner, Yuri. "ORTHOEPY — HISTORY OF LINGUISTICS — HISTORY OF LANGUAGE." In 49th International Philological Conference in Memory of Professor Ludmila Verbitskaya (1936–2019). St. Petersburg State University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/9785288062353.01.
Анотація:
The definition of orthoepy as “a branch of linguistics that studies pronunciation norms” tends to determine the understanding of its tasks as exclusively prescriptive, and that of orthoepy as a whole as an applied area, par excellence. Its other component, purely linguistic, is present in the problem of the correlation between the system and the norm, traditionally central to the school of Lev Shcherba. In essence, this problem is a particular case of the Saussurian “language — speech” dichotomy, which is the reason for regarding orthoepy as a purely linguistic discipline and for discerning two points of view on its object, those “from within” and “from without.” The latter implies a conscious attitude towards the choice, from several possibilities, of one unit as a normative or “correct” with the establishment of the systemic status of this unit. This point of view on language, which emerged almost simultaneously with the awareness of it as an inherently human capacity (Plato), is reflected both in the early evidence of “language prestige” (Catullus, Cicero) and in the works of “intuitive linguists,” either relying on a certain norm (Alexandrian grammarians) or creating it (English orthoepists). In turn, the norm is synonymous to speech, which exists at a given synchronic stage; it changes either as a result of the alternative possibilities offered by the system (language dynamics) or due to the transition of the system to another synchronic stage (linguistic change per se), cf. Ludmila Verbitskaya’s formulation in The Linguistic Encyclopedic Dictionary: “The phonological system of a language completely determines the pronunciation norm. The norm can change within the system provided new forms gradually replace the old ones under the influence of extralinguistic factors or as a result of changes that have taken place in the system.” In this context, the primary task of interpreters of early orthoepic evidence (first of all, historians of language) is to identify factors belonging to two fundamentally different spheres. Ignoring this circumstance in the research procedures, characteristic of (chronologically or ideologically) pre–Saussurian (pre–Baudouin de Courtenay) linguistics, leads to a confusion of factors, including systemic and extra–linguistic ones, and, moreover, of the fundamental notions, (diachronic) change and (synchronic) variation, which, among other things, is reflected in the idea of ‘recent changes’ in the system (in fact, in the norm) and in the popular notion of “language in the state of (constant) flux.” On the contrary, the consistent differentiation, in research procedures, of different factors interacting in the functioning of language system, and thus discerning between the two points of view on it, “from within” and “from without,” makes orthoepy an integral part of linguistics as a fundamental science of language, providing theoretical justification for its applied component, the latter’s goals having been formulated, for all times, as a maxime to “speak properly and correctly.” Refs 29.
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Abbasi, Shariq, Marie Hobbs, Gokhan Yildiz, and Robin Bryden. "More than just Rules! Safety as a Universal Language- Transition to Industry Life-Saving Rules Embedding Human Performance in Practice." In SPE Offshore Europe Conference & Exhibition. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/215565-ms.
Анотація:
Abstract Goal Zero underpins Shell's strategic ambitions and Life-Saving Rules are a proven enabler in achieving Goal Zero. Shell has embraced the opportunity of transitioning from twelve Shell Life-Saving Rules to nine industry Life-Saving Rules (IOGP) in pursuit of eliminating Serious Injuries, Illness and Fatalities (SIFs). This is not just a simple switch from one set of Rules to another. It is part of a multi-year journey to strengthen the mindset and behaviours of ‘Who we are’ in Shell and deepen our commitment to Human Performance. This paper explains the context of the Life-Saving Rules, why Shell decided to transition, an overview of how we managed this large-scale change, and the impact so far and remaining dilemmas in the journey. Since Shell introduced 12 Life Saving Rules in 2009, the Rules have helped to save many lives and prevent life altering events. Shell decided to transition to industry nine Life-Saving Rules across whole company due mainly to a) inclusion of Line of Fire Rule; b) strong desire to standardise based on the pull from our major suppliers; c) rolling out ‘I-statements’ instead of ‘dos & don'ts’. Preparations for the transition began in early 2020 for a global launch on Safety Day 2021 (an annual dedicated engagement session with all staff and contractors about safety led by leaders across Shell). The "I statement’ language of the new Rules empowers individuals to figure out with their peers how to comply and encourages peer-to-peer intervention to enable compliance throughout the work task. This means the Rules are more than just Rules; they help create the environment in which people feel safe and responsible to speak up triggering conversations about what can make compliance difficult, resolving any dilemmas before work starts. When failures do occur, how leaders respond matters. Leaders must engage to understand how context drove behaviour and encourage people to speak up with their improvement ideas. People are the key to solutions, when leaders respond productively the whole system is improved and learnings reach those at the point of risk. In Shell we now call this Fair Event Handling. After a successful launch of the industry Life-Saving Rules on Safety Day, we recognise there is still a long learning journey ahead. We share the content of the paper as a means to encourage further sharing as we all strive to overcome dilemmas in what makes work difficult and together make compliance easier.
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Meshkova, Irina, Olga Sheremetieva, and Larissa Spynu. "TRAINING IN RENDERING AND TRANSLATION AT NON-LINGUISTIC FACULTIES DURING THE 2020 PANDEMIC." In ADVED 2020- 6th International Conference on Advances in Education. International Organization Center of Academic Research, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47696/adved.2020108.
Анотація:
The article is devoted to the peculiarities of teaching French at non-linguistic faculties, the analysis of the concepts of rendering, retelling (resumé, compte-rendu, synthèse), rendering translation of texts using an interdisciplinary approach in the context of the development of digital technologies in the modern educational space, in particular, during the Covid-19 pandemic. Extraordinary circumstances have set before teachers from many countries of the world, including Russian teachers, the task of modernizing pedagogical processes as part of the transition to a distance learning format using one or another electronic educational platform. The problem arises from integrating educational and methodological materials into the concept of distance learning, taking into account various digital resources and stages of development of information and communication technologies. A distinctive feature of the situation is the blurring of boundaries between traditional and distance approaches both in whole education, and in particular in teaching foreign languages. Teaching rendering as the most important type of speech activity, working with foreign language texts for the purpose of their subsequent rendering, is necessary to prepare students for research activities. Rendering translation plays an important teaching role and has significant potential. In the French language classes at the non-linguistic faculties of the RUDN University, texts of various genres are offered for rendering translation, for example, literary, journalistic, as well as scientific texts on relevant topics. As a result, students must learn to submit an informative abstract/summary (summary-synopsis), which contains in a generalized form all the main provisions of the original text. In the course of rendering translation, the student carries out semantic or informational processing of the text, learns to avoid violations of the theme-rhematic sequence, maintain the coherence of the text, correctly organizing information in paragraphs and preserving subject-logical connections. In addition to the skills of rendering translation, students are trained in language mediation, which is carried out by reformulating it in the form of a resume or report. The use of digital educational technologies and traditional pedagogical approaches within the framework of ensuring the concept of lifelong education helps to solve the problem, regardless of the location of the teacher and student. Under the conditions of distance learning during the COVID 19 period, the authors developed and successfully applied a system of exercises and tasks aimed at the formation and development of rendering skills, rendering translation, language mediation in French classes for students of non-linguistic faculties of RUDN University.
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Stanciu, Mihaela. "DIGITAL METHODS VS EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING METHODS. DIDACTIC APPLICATIONS." In eLSE 2020. University Publishing House, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-20-079.
Анотація:
The study below is a component of didactic research that aims to adapt the teaching methods and tools used in the Romanian Language and Literature lesson to software applications in the education field. As it was an optional subject for the high-school students, during a semester I studied, the transition from experiential learning methods inspired by the art of theatre to the digital ones such as the clicker response system, using the Mentimeter app. The purpose of the research was to observe the students' level of involvement in the lesson. I was able to monitor it clearly by creating different constructivist learning situations. The subjects of this study were 10th-grade students from two distinct classes, a sample of 55 students. The mixed research methodology used in this study highlights both quantitative and qualitative methods, pursuing a balance in data collection, analysis and interpretation. The first research method was the survey, two questionnaires were analyzed, the first one aimed the students' opinion on digital methods, and the second one, the experiential methods. Another method of applied research was qualitative observation which materialized in the analysis of students' activity results. In order to interpret the collected data from the two methods there were considered the analysis of the time distribution, the level of students' participation and the type of learning tasks. After being statistically processed, the data collected led to preliminary results of the research showing a substantial involvement of the students in accomplishing tasks. Regarding the interdisciplinary strategies, where were used the dramatic methods and techniques, the students reacted well from the point of view of the new knowledge acquisition, but several hours were needed to reach the objectives. On the other hand, students reacted positively to the digital clicker response system, at the same time, an important amount of time was saved in the lesson. The comparative observation of the two examples of collaborative work showed that through the use of methodological interdisciplinarity, in particular the interaction through the dramatic game and the response system Mentimeter, based on the use of the smartphone, students can make connections with life situations and their own experience, which translates to active participation and involvement. Moreover, by using the Mentimeter app we discovered that the use of smartphones during the lesson can become an opportunity for students to cultivate a positive attitude towards school and the values and beliefs taught in the Romanian Language and Literature lesson. Dramatic games and technology remain two areas of maximum interest for students and contribute to the optimization of the teaching methods.
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Koopmans-van Beinum, Florien J. "Can 'level words' from one speaking style become teaks' when spliced into another speaking style?" In 2nd International Conference on Spoken Language Processing (ICSLP 1992). ISCA: ISCA, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/icslp.1992-326.
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Tan, Xiang Zhi, Samantha Reig, Elizabeth J. Carter, and Aaron Steinfeld. "From One to Another: How Robot-Robot Interaction Affects Users' Perceptions Following a Transition Between Robots." In 2019 14th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hri.2019.8673304.
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Kumar, Naresh. "Transition to electric economy from hydrocarbons: Let us not trade one energy dependence with another insecurity." In International Meeting for Applied Geoscience & Energy. Society of Exploration Geophysicists and American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/image2023-3907484.1.
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de Wardt, J. P., E. Cayeux, R. Mihai, J. Macpherson, P. Annaiyappa, and D. Pirovolou. "Taxonomy Describing Levels of Autonomous Drilling Systems: Incorporating Complexity, Uncertainty, Sparse Data, With Human Interaction." In IADC/SPE International Drilling Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/217754-ms.
Анотація:
Abstract Drilling systems automation (DSA) involves multiple actors, each delivering functionality at different levels of automation, with system performance dependent on various input from human operators. Current automation classifications do not fully address the multi-agent nature of drilling operations. Marketing language in industry publications has also outstripped reality by boldly describing automated drilling operations as autonomous, leading to confusion. There is a need to define and include autonomous behavior in the taxonomy of drilling systems automation. A completely autonomous system without direct human interaction may not be a practical goal. Classification into levels of automation for drilling applies to the union of all functions used in a particular operation, and their interaction with humans. Various developed taxonomies showing the transition from manual to highly automated systems use the construct: acquire/observe, assess/orient, decide and act. This paper presents and analyzes taxonomies for their applicability to drilling systems automation, and their use to describe the level of autonomy in this discipline, considering the multi-agent nature and weak observability of drilling operations requiring human consideration. The authors initially collaborated under the SPE DSATS (Drilling Systems Automation Technical Section) to develop a classification applicable to drilling systems automation — and by extension, completions, intervention, and P&A automation — in which autonomous systems are recognized. The classification distinguishes the multi-agent drilling environment in which one agent may be concerned with hole cleaning, another with automated trajectory drilling, and yet another with optimizing rate-of-penetration, all while acting interdependently. Depending on the necessary collaboration between agents, this multi-agent construct can lead to a mixed-initiative autonomous system that is able to handle the complexity and uncertainty of the drilling environment. Drilling, however, also has an observability problem that necessitates a more stratified solution to taxonomy due to missing or lacking data and data attributes. This observability problem exists in both space and time: most measurements are at surface, some from the bottomhole assembly; the low bandwidth of traditional measurement-while-drilling telemetry methods delivers sparse measurements. This paper recommends a taxonomy for drilling systems automation from an enterprise to an execution level that considers the observability problem, complexity, and uncertainty, delivering the necessary capability to accurately classify and address autonomy within drilling systems automation. This taxonomy will greatly reduce the chance of miscommunication regarding drilling system automation capabilities. The complexity, uncertainty, and sparse observability inherent in drilling suggests that the levels of automation taxonomies adopted in other industries (aviation, automotive, etc.) may not appear directly applicable to drilling systems automation. However, the introduction of three levels of autonomous systems leaves the application of a drilling systems automation levels of taxonomy as an underlying model. A clearly communicated safe introduction of automated and autonomous drilling systems will directly benefit from this industry-specific taxonomy that recognizes the degree of needed human interaction at all levels across all interconnected systems.
Звіти організацій з теми "Transition from one language to another":
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Horrocks, Ian, Ulrike Sattler, and Stephan Tobies. A Description Logic with Transitive and Converse Roles, Role Hierarchies and Qualifying Number Restrictions. Aachen University of Technology, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.94.
Анотація:
As widely argued [HG97; Sat96], transitive roles play an important role in the adequate representation of aggregated objects: they allow these objects to be described by referring to their parts without specifying a level of decomposition. In [HG97], the Description Logic (DL) ALCHR+ is presented, which extends ALC with transitive roles and a role hierarchy. It is argued in [Sat98] that ALCHR+ is well-suited to the representation of aggregated objects in applications that require various part-whole relations to be distinguished, some of which are transitive. However, ALCHR+ allows neither the description of parts by means of the whole to which they belong, or vice versa. To overcome this limitation, we present the DL SHI which allows the use of, for example, has part as well as is part of. To achieve this, ALCHR+ was extended with inverse roles. It could be argued that, instead of defining yet another DL, one could make use of the results presented in [DL96] and use ALC extended with role expressions which include transitive closure and inverse operators. The reason for not proceeding like this is the fact that transitive roles can be implemented more efficiently than the transitive closure of roles (see [HG97]), although they lead to the same complexity class (ExpTime-hard) when added, together with role hierarchies, to ALC. Furthermore, it is still an open question whether the transitive closure of roles together with inverse roles necessitates the use of the cut rule [DM98], and this rule leads to an algorithm with very bad behaviour. We will present an algorithm for SHI without such a rule. Furthermore, we enrich the language with functional restrictions and, finally, with qualifying number restrictions. We give sound and complete decision proceduresfor the resulting logics that are derived from the initial algorithm for SHI. The structure of this report is as follows: In Section 2, we introduce the DL SI and present a tableaux algorithm for satisfiability (and subsumption) of SI-concepts—in another report [HST98] we prove that this algorithm can be refined to run in polynomial space. In Section 3 we add role hierarchies to SI and show how the algorithm can be modified to handle this extension appropriately. Please note that this logic, namely SHI, allows for the internalisation of general concept inclusion axioms, one of the most general form of terminological axioms. In Section 4 we augment SHI with functional restrictions and, using the so-called pairwise-blocking technique, the algorithm can be adapted to this extension as well. Finally, in Section 5, we show that standard techniques for handling qualifying number restrictions [HB91;BBH96] together with the techniques described in previous sections can be used to decide satisfiability and subsumption for SHIQ, namely ALC extended with transitive and inverse roles, role hierarchies, and qualifying number restrictions. Although Section 5 heavily depends on the previous sections, we have made it self-contained, i.e. it contains all necessary definitions and proofs from scratch, for a better readability. Building on the previous sections, Section 6 presents an algorithm that decides the satisfiability of SHIQ-ABoxes.
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Dubeck, Margaret M., Jonathan M. B. Stern, and Rehemah Nabacwa. Learning to Read in a Local Language in Uganda: Creating Learner Profiles to Track Progress and Guide Instruction Using Early Grade Reading Assessment Results. RTI Press, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2021.op.0068.2106.
Анотація:
The Early Grade Reading Assessment (EGRA) is used to evaluate studies and monitor projects that address reading skills in low- and middle-income countries. Results are often described solely in terms of a passage-reading subtask, thereby overlooking progress in related skills. Using archival data of cohort samples from Uganda at two time points in three languages (Ganda, Lango, and Runyankore-Rukiga), we explored a methodology that uses passage-reading results to create five learner profiles: Nonreader, Beginner, Instructional, Fluent, and Next-Level Ready. We compared learner profiles with results on other subtasks to identify the skills students would need to develop to progress from one profile to another. We then used regression models to determine whether students’ learner profiles were related to their results on the various subtasks. We found membership in four categories. We also found a shift in the distribution of learner profiles from Grade 1 to Grade 4, which is useful for establishing program effectiveness. The distribution of profiles within grades expanded as students progressed through the early elementary grades. We recommend that those who are discussing EGRA results describe students by profiles and by the numbers that shift from one profile to another over time. Doing so would help describe abilities and instructional needs and would show changes in a meaningful way.
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Rokita, Dagmar, Rainer Sawatzki, and Raushan Szyzdykova. Energy Transition in Central Asia: a Short Review. Kazakh German University, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29258/dkucrswp/2022/20-52.eng.
Анотація:
The five countries of Central Asia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan, have each adopted climate targets to achieve the climate goals agreed in Paris by 2050. In this paper, the starting positions of all five countries are presented and the respective obstacles on the path to climate neutrality are identified. The starting positions in the countries with large oil, gas or coal reserves (Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan) differ from the countries where the basis of energy supply are large hydroelectric plants (Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan). One problem in all countries is the poorly developed power grid, which is partly outdated and not designed for high throughput rates. Existing power plants are mainly located in metropolitan regions and rural areas are partly undersupplied. If wind and solar power plants are built on a large scale in uninhabited areas, the lack of transmission lines is a major problem. Another problem is that energy prices are sometimes heavily subsidised, which can make it difficult for the population to accept necessary investments in the renewable energy sector. Especially in economically weak sections of the population, resistance to market-based energy prices is likely to be particularly strong. In the long term, information and increased education of large parts of the population can significantly improve the acceptance of the energy transition from carbon-based energy to solar, wind and small hydropower. The use of renewable energy is still in its infancy in all countries and must develop quickly if the ambitious climate goals are to be achieved. To this end, the training of local experts is particularly important. To this end, centres should be established at selected locations where local experts can be trained and further educated in various fields, from conception and planning to construction, maintenance and operation.
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Zelenskyi, Arkadii A. Relevance of research of programs for semantic analysis of texts and review of methods of their realization. [б. в.], December 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/2884.
Анотація:
One of the main tasks of applied linguistics is the solution of the problem of high-quality automated processing of natural language. The most popular methods for processing natural-language text responses for the purpose of extraction and representation of semantics should be systems that are based on the efficient combination of linguistic analysis technologies and analysis methods. Among the existing methods for analyzing text data, a valid method is used by the method using a vector model. Another effective and relevant means of extracting semantics from the text and its representation is the method of latent semantic analysis (LSA). The LSA method was tested and confirmed its effectiveness in such areas of processing the native language as modeling the conceptual knowledge of the person; information search, the implementation of which LSA shows much better results than conventional vector methods.
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Fuentes, Anthony, Michelle Michaels, and Sally Shoop. Methodology for the analysis of geospatial and vehicle datasets in the R language. Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (U.S.), November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42422.
Анотація:
The challenge of autonomous off-road operations necessitates a robust understanding of the relationships between remotely sensed terrain data and vehicle performance. The implementation of statistical analyses on large geospatial datasets often requires the transition between multiple software packages that may not be open-source. The lack of a single, modular, and open-source analysis environment can reduce the speed and reliability of an analysis due to an increased number of processing steps. Here we present the capabilities of a workflow, developed in R, to perform a series of spatial and statistical analyses on vehicle and terrain datasets to quantify the relationship between sensor data and vehicle performance in winter conditions. We implemented the R-based workflow on datasets from a large, coordinated field campaign aimed at quantifying the response of military vehicles on snow-covered terrains. This script greatly reduces processing times of these datasets by combining the GIS, data-assimilation and statistical analyses steps into one efficient and modular interface.
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Datsyshyn, Chrystyna. FUNCTIONAL PARAMETERS OF ANTHROPONYM AS ONE OF THE VARIETIES OF FACTUAL MATERIAL IN THE MEDIA TEXT. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, March 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2024.54-55.12169.
Анотація:
The main objective of the study is to reveal the functional parameters of anthroponyms in the media texts. Methods of investigation: the method of media texts monitoring, the comparative method; the method of contextual analysis, the methods of functional analysis. Results. Anthroponyms in media texts contribute to the exact reproduction of facts, the display of a certain time-space. The use of an anthroponym in the media gives its bearer greater social significance; silencing an anthroponym demonstrates a desire to remove its bearer from the public agenda. Anthroponyms can reflect person’s social connections, inform about a belonging to a certain national, ethnic, age, social group. Conclusions Anthroponyms give media text more credibility, because they inform about a specific person in specific realities, personalize information. Anthroponyms are capable to mark time-space, therefore the actualization of proper names can be a means of transferring to another time, informing about forgotten historical facts and persons. Given the ability of anthroponyms – the names of famous persons – to be reduced, the journalist should take into account the possible difficulties of identifying such a person in a different time-space or under the condition of insufficient recognition. Entering the language game, anthroponyms are actualizing simultaneously meanings associated with different time-spaces, such ability can be effectively used to draw historical or cultural parallels, create an expressive load. Given the ability of anthroponyms to increase or decrease social status, journalists should be responsible in the selection of proper names as part of the factual material of the media text. Marking through anthroponyms the connection with national, social, age groups makes these words unique identifiers of the division into “own” or “strangers”, demonstrates the attitude of the speaker towards the bearer of his own name. Significance. The revealed functional parameters of anthroponyms as part of the actual material of the media text provide journalists with ample opportunities for the implementation of various communicative tasks. Key words: media text, anthroponym, factual material, language picture of the world, time-space, social communications.
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Гарлицька, Тетяна Сергіївна. Формування міжкультурної компетентності як одна з умов запровадження європейських стандартів мовної освіти. Wschodnioeuropejski Institut Psychologii, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/7064.
Анотація:
Статтю присвячено обґрунтуванню важливості формування міжкультурної компетентності, зокрема у студентів філологів. Реалізація міжкультурної компетентності розглядається як одна з умов запровадження європейських стандартів мовної освіти. Сучасні глобалізаційні процеси, розширення міжкультурних контактів вимагають від освітнього простору України орієнтації на виховання фахівця нового рівня – суб’єкта полікультурного простору. Професійна компетентність фахівців різних галузей стає неможливою без володіння ними міжкультурною компетентністю. Поняття «міжкультурна компетентність» розглядається в роботі як міждисциплінарний феномен та досліджується з позицій філософії, культурології, соціології, психології, педагогіки та лінгводидактики. Особливу увагу зосереджено на зв’язку культури та мови, оскільки мовні знання є інструментом пізнання іншої культури та важливою умовою міжкультурної комунікації. The article raises the problem of importance of intercultural competence forming, in particular among students of philology. The realization of intercultural competence is considered as one of the conditions for establishment of the European standards of language education. Modern globalization processes, expansion of intercultural contacts demand the Ukrainian education to be focused on the new level specialist – the subject of multicultural surrounding. Professional competence of specialists of different fields is impossible without possessing intercultural competence. The concept «intercultural competence» is considered as multidisciplinary phenomenon which is studied from different points of view: philosophical, cultural, sociological, psychological, pedagogical and linguodidactic. The main attention is focused of the connection of culture and language because language competence is the tool for another culture cognition and an important condition of intercultural communication.
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Bécu, V., A.-A. Sappin, and S. Larmagnat. User-friendly toolkits for geoscientists: how to bring geology experts to the public. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/331220.
Анотація:
A growing number of countries are committed toreduce their carbon emissions and are transitioning towards renewable and clean energy sources, leading to an in crease in demand formetals and minerals. This is especially the case for a short list of what are called "critical minerals" which are considered essential to economic development, including the transition to a low-carbon economy and national security. There liability of their supply chain raises concerns considering geological scarcity, difficulty to extract and/or political factors influencing their availability. At the same time, public awareness and perception of geoscience are eroding and there is more and more reluctance towards mining projects, even from traditionally favourable communities. To face this challenge, promote public interest and outline the contribution of geological science to society, geoscientists of the Geological Survey of Canada (GSC-Québec) have designed and put together a portable display that includes a suite of mineral and metal samples considered critical for the sustainable success of Canada's transition towards a clean and digital economy. The display is a user-friendly toolkit that can be used by any GSC geoscientists during outreach activities, in classrooms as well as during public open houses. It comes with straightforward pedagogic material and content, along with presentation scenarios. To broaden and adapt the workshops to specific expectations, additional toolkits were developed and all are contained within easy to carry travel cases. These cover a variety of topics and can be presented as stand-alone displays or be used complementary to one another. For example, the "Mines and minerals" collection may serve as a supplement to the "Critical minerals" display to present every day objects in which minerals are used as well as ores amples from active mines to illustrate the intertwining between mining activities and our everyday lives. Another display covers the ever-popular fossils thematic with the "Sedimentary rocks and fossils" collection and gives an opportunity to address key geoscience themes such as life evolution and biological crisis along with groundwater reservoirs and resources. The "Magmatic rocks" display touches on the formation of rocks from magmas, the different types and active processes of volcanoes, and discusses the risks and benefits related to volcanic activity. Hopefully, these four ready-to-use portable displays will encourage more GSC geoscientists to engage in public oriented activities to make geosciences more accessible, change perceptions and offer an overall tangible scientific experience for people.
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Gustafsson, Marcus, and Stephanie Cordova. Värdeskapande av koldioxid från biogasproduktion. Linköping University Electronic Press, September 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/9789180753838.
Анотація:
arbon dioxide (CO₂) has a negative impact on the climate, but it also has several practical areas of use. Many industrial processes emit CO₂ in high concentrations, which could be captured to mitigate emissions while also creating valuable products. One example of such a process is biogas upgrading – a process separating renewable gases, where methane is taken care of for use as vehicle fuel or industrial energy carrier, while CO₂ is released into the atmosphere. The aim of this project has been to chart alternatives and technologies for taking care of green CO₂ from biogas upgrading, so-called carbon capture and utilization (CCU), and to investigate the conditions for applying these in a Swedish context. The work has been guided by the following research questions: * How large is the current and future potential for CCU from biogas production? * What are the possible areas of use for CO₂ from biogas production? * What factors influence the choice of areas of use for CO₂ from biogas production? * How large is the environmental benefit of CCU from biogas production? To answer these questions, calculations of potentials, a multi-criteria assessment and a life cycle assessment were carried out, based on the Swedish biogas production. A reference group comprising representatives for large Swedish companies within biogas production and biogas upgrading technology was used to enable coproduction and networking between the research group and the business sector. The production of CO₂ from biogas was estimated to 160,000 ton/year in 2020, with potential to increase to 540,000 – 840,000 ton/year in a few years and 790,000 – 1,230,000 ton/year in a longer perspective, as a consequence of an expected increase in the Swedish biogas production. A large share of the CO₂ is however produced at relatively small upgrading facilities, which could limit the feasibility for CCU due to high costs for investment and operation. Adding hydrogen to transform all the CO₂ into methane could potentially increase the methane production from biogas from 2 to 3 TWh/year in a short-term perspective and from 11 to 17 TWh/year in a long-term perspective, given sufficient access to hydrogen. Other ways of utilizing CO₂ from biogas include production of biomass or chemicals, concrete curing, pH control of process water and use as a refrigerant. The choice of CCU options can be influenced by environmental, technical, economic and policy-related aspects. From the biogas producers’ perspective, methanation is the option that is the most compatible with the existing production system and business model, while other solutions usually involve another actor taking care of the CO₂. Hydrogen is required for methanation as well as for production of chemicals. Another limiting factor are the high purity requirements on all CO₂ that is distributed and sold on the market. The geographical distribution of the production plants can also be a challenge. Several CCU options can improve the environmental performance of biogas by replacing fossil-based products. The potential climate impact is the lowest if the CO₂ is methanized with renewable hydrogen or mineralized in concrete, but other forms of environmental impact can also be reduced by applying these or other CCU options. For comparison, permanent storage of CO₂ in geological formations (carbon capture and storage, CCS) only reduces the climate impact, while it increases other forms of environmental impact. Furthermore, permanently storing biogenic CO₂ can make it difficult to reduce the use of fossil CO₂ and transition to a more sustainable society. The need for carbon in many essential processes and products suggests that biogenic CO₂ should be utilized and not stored.
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Lahav, Ori, Albert Heber, and David Broday. Elimination of emissions of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide from confined animal and feeding operations (CAFO) using an adsorption/liquid-redox process with biological regeneration. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7695589.bard.
Анотація:
The project was originally aimed at investigating and developing new efficient methods for cost effective removal of ammonia (NH₃) and hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) from Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFO), in particular broiler and laying houses (NH₃) and hog houses (H₂S). In both cases, the principal idea was to design and operate a dedicated air collection system that would be used for the treatment of the gases, and that would work independently from the general ventilation system. The advantages envisaged: (1) if collected at a point close to the source of generation, pollutants would arrive at the treatment system at higher concentrations; (2) the air in the vicinity of the animals would be cleaner, a fact that would promote animal growth rates; and (3) collection efficiency would be improved and adverse environmental impact reduced. For practical reasons, the project was divided in two: one effort concentrated on NH₃₍g₎ removal from chicken houses and another on H₂S₍g₎ removal from hog houses. NH₃₍g₎ removal: a novel approach was developed to reduce ammonia emissions from CAFOs in general, and poultry houses in particular. Air sucked by the dedicated air capturing system from close to the litter was shown to have NH₃₍g₎ concentrations an order of magnitude higher than at the vents of the ventilation system. The NH₃₍g₎ rich waste air was conveyed to an acidic (0<pH<~5) bubble column reactor where NH₃ was converted to NH₄⁺. The reactor operated in batch mode, starting at pH 0 and was switched to a new acidic absorption solution just before NH₃₍g₎ breakthrough occurred, at pH ~5. Experiments with a wide range of NH₃₍g₎ concentrations showed that the absorption efficiency was practically 100% throughout the process as long as the face velocity was below 4 cm/s. The potential advantages of the method include high absorption efficiency, lower NH₃₍g₎ concentrations in the vicinity of the birds, generation of a valuable product and the separation between the ventilation and ammonia treatment systems. A small scale pilot operation conducted for 5 weeks in a broiler house showed the approach to be technically feasible. H₂S₍g₎ removal: The main goal of this part was to develop a specific treatment process for minimizing H₂S₍g₎ emissions from hog houses. The proposed process consists of three units: In the 1ˢᵗ H₂S₍g₎ is absorbed into an acidic (pH<2) ferric iron solution and oxidized by Fe(III) to S⁰ in a bubble column reactor. In parallel, Fe(III) is reduced to Fe(II). In the 2ⁿᵈ unit Fe(II) is bio-oxidized back to Fe(III) by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans (AF).In the 3ʳᵈ unit S⁰ is separated from solution in a gravity settler. The work focused on three sub-processes: the kinetics of H₂S absorption into a ferric solution at low pH, the kinetics of Fe²⁺ oxidation by AF and the factors that affect ferric iron precipitation (a main obstacle for a continuous operation of the process) under the operational conditions. H₂S removal efficiency was found higher at a higher Fe(III) concentration and also higher for higher H₂S₍g₎ concentrations and lower flow rates of the treated air. The rate limiting step of the H₂S reactive absorption was found to be the chemical reaction rather than the transition from gas to liquid phase. H₂S₍g₎ removal efficiency of >95% was recorded with Fe(III) concentration of 9 g/L using typical AFO air compositions. The 2ⁿᵈ part of the work focused on kinetics of Fe(II) oxidation by AF. A new lab technique was developed for determining the kinetic equation and kinetic parameters (KS, Kₚ and mₘₐₓ) for the bacteria. The 3ʳᵈ part focused on iron oxide precipitation under the operational conditions. It was found that at lower pH (1.5) jarosite accumulation is slower and that the performance of the AF at this pH was sufficient for successive operation of the proposed process at the H₂S fluxes predicted from AFOs. A laboratory-scale test was carried out at Purdue University on the use of the integrated system for simultaneous hydrogen sulfide removal from a H₂S bubble column filled with ferric sulfate solution and biological regeneration of ferric ions in a packed column immobilized with enriched AFbacteria. Results demonstrated the technical feasibility of the integrated system for H₂S removal and simultaneous biological regeneration of Fe(III) for potential continuous treatment of H₂S released from CAFO. NH₃ and H₂S gradient measurements at egg layer and swine barns were conducted in winter and summer at Purdue. Results showed high potential to concentrate NH₃ and H₂S in hog buildings, and NH₃ in layer houses. H₂S emissions from layer houses were too low for a significant gradient. An NH₃ capturing system was designed and tested in a 100-chicken broiler room. Five bell-type collecting devices were installed over the litter to collect NH₃ emissions. While the air extraction system moved only 10% of the total room ventilation airflow rate, the fraction of total ammonia removed was 18%, because of the higher concentration air taken from near the litter. The system demonstrated the potential to reduce emissions from broiler facilities and to concentrate the NH₃ effluent for use in an emission control system. In summary, the project laid a solid foundation for the implementation of both processes, and also resulted in a significant scientific contribution related to AF kinetic studies and ferrous analytical measurements.