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Статті в журналах з теми "Time and speed of one movement"
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Gottlieb, Gerald L., Daniel M. Corcos, and Gyan C. Agarwal. "Strategies for the control of voluntary movements with one mechanical degree of freedom." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 12, no. 2 (June 1989): 189–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00048238.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractA theory is presented to explain how accurate, single-joint movements are controlled. The theory applies to movements across different distances, with different inertial loads, toward targets of different widths over a wide range of experimentally manipulated velocities. The theory is based on three propositions. (1) Movements are planned according to “strategies” of which there are at least two: a speed-insensitive (SI) and a speed-sensitive (SS) one. (2) These strategies can be equated with sets of rules for performing diverse movement tasks. The choice between SI and SS depends on whether movement speed and/or movement time (and hence appropriate muscle forces) must be constrained to meet task requirements. (3) The electromyogram can be interpreted as a low-pass filtered version of the controlling signal to the motoneuron pools. This controlling signal can be modelled as a rectangular excitation pulse in which modulation occurs in either pulse amplitude or pulse width. Movements to different distances and with loads are controlled by the SI strategy, which modulates pulse width. Movements in which speed must be explicitly regulated are controlled by the SS strategy, which modulates pulse amplitude. The distinction between the two movement strategies reconciles many apparent conflicts in the motor control literature.
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Joiner, Wilsaan M., Obafunso Ajayi, Gary C. Sing, and Maurice A. Smith. "Linear Hypergeneralization of Learned Dynamics Across Movement Speeds Reveals Anisotropic, Gain-Encoding Primitives for Motor Adaptation." Journal of Neurophysiology 105, no. 1 (January 2011): 45–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00884.2009.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The ability to generalize learned motor actions to new contexts is a key feature of the motor system. For example, the ability to ride a bicycle or swing a racket is often first developed at lower speeds and later applied to faster velocities. A number of previous studies have examined the generalization of motor adaptation across movement directions and found that the learned adaptation decays in a pattern consistent with the existence of motor primitives that display narrow Gaussian tuning. However, few studies have examined the generalization of motor adaptation across movement speeds. Following adaptation to linear velocity-dependent dynamics during point-to-point reaching arm movements at one speed, we tested the ability of subjects to transfer this adaptation to short-duration higher-speed movements aimed at the same target. We found near-perfect linear extrapolation of the trained adaptation with respect to both the magnitude and the time course of the velocity profiles associated with the high-speed movements: a 69% increase in movement speed corresponded to a 74% extrapolation of the trained adaptation. The close match between the increase in movement speed and the corresponding increase in adaptation beyond what was trained indicates linear hypergeneralization. Computational modeling shows that this pattern of linear hypergeneralization across movement speeds is not compatible with previous models of adaptation in which motor primitives display isotropic Gaussian tuning of motor output around their preferred velocities. Instead, we show that this generalization pattern indicates that the primitives involved in the adaptation to viscous dynamics display anisotropic tuning in velocity space and encode the gain between motor output and motion state rather than motor output itself.
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Flanders, M., and U. Herrmann. "Two components of muscle activation: scaling with the speed of arm movement." Journal of Neurophysiology 67, no. 4 (April 1, 1992): 931–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1992.67.4.931.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
1. The temporal waveform of muscle activity was related to the speed of arm movement. Speed was expressed in terms of the duration of a fixed amplitude movement or the "movement time." 2. Human subjects moved their arms to targets in three-dimensional space. The right arm started at a standard initial position and moved directly to the target in a single stroke. The targets were placed in various directions in a vertical plane. The arm movements consisted of shoulder and elbow rotations. 3. Subjects were required to vary the speed of their movements. In most of the experiments, trials with different movement times were randomly ordered. One of the experiments also included randomly interspersed static trials, in which the subject held the arm still at the initial posture, the final posture, or halfway between the two extremes. 4. Electromyographic (EMG) activity was recorded from several superficial elbow and/or shoulder muscles. The time base of rectified EMG records was normalized for movement time such that records from movements with various speeds were compressed to align the ending times of the movements. 5. A principal component (PC) analysis revealed that the compressed EMG waveforms could be described by a summation of PC1 and PC2 waveforms; each individual EMG waveform was approximated by a weighted sum of these two components. 6. The PC1 weighting coefficients scaled down in a monotonic relationship with movement time such that the fastest movement corresponded to a large positive weighting coefficient and the slowest movement corresponded to a small positive weighting coefficient. The PC2 weighting coefficients exhibited a similar monotonic scaling, but the values ranged from positive to negative. Further analysis demonstrated that these two components can be mathematically transformed into a tonic waveform with a constant mathematically transformed into a tonic waveform with a constant weighting coefficient and a phasic waveform with positive weighting coefficients that scale down with movement time. 7. The amplitude scaling of EMG records cannot be described by a single component, but instead requires a summation of two separate components. The tonic component may correspond to the force element needed to counteract gravity, because the magnitude of this element does not scale with movement speed. The phasic component may correspond to the force element that scales quadratically to produce a linear increase in velocity.
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Lee, C.-S., J.-H. Lee, H. Pak, SW Park, and D.-W. Song. "Phantom array and stroboscopic effects of a time-modulated moving light source during saccadic eye movement." Lighting Research & Technology 50, no. 5 (February 20, 2017): 772–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477153517693468.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper evaluates the detectability of the phantom array and stroboscopic effects during light source motion, eye movement and their combination, using time modulated light-emitting diode light sources. It is well known that the phantom array can be observed when time-modulated light sources are observed during saccadic eye movements. We investigated whether light source motion can cause similar effects when the subject has fixed eyes. In addition, we estimated the detectability threshold frequency for the combination of stroboscopic effect and the phantom array, which is named the stroboscopic-phantom array effect, during two eye movements in opposite directions under one directional rotating light source with variable speed. Our results indicate that one of the most important factors for the stroboscopic-phantom array effect is eye movement speed relative to the speed of the light source. Therefore, time-modulated moving light sources induce a stroboscopic effect in subjects with fixed eyes that is similar to the stroboscopic-phantom array effect observed during saccadic eye movement. Our findings are likely to be useful for predicting the stroboscopic effect and the stroboscopic-phantom array effect during the fast motion of time-modulated LED light sources, like multi-functional rear lamps, in automotive lighting applications.
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Maslovat, Dana, Nicola J. Hodges, Romeo Chua, and Ian M. Franks. "Motor preparation of spatially and temporally defined movements: evidence from startle." Journal of Neurophysiology 106, no. 2 (August 2011): 885–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00166.2011.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Previous research has shown that the preparation of a spatially targeted movement performed at maximal speed is different from that of a temporally constrained movement ( Gottlieb et al. 1989b ). In the current study, we directly examined preparation differences in temporally vs. spatially defined movements through the use of a startling stimulus and manipulation of the task goals. Participants performed arm extension movements to one of three spatial targets (20°, 40°, 60°) and an arm extension movement of 20° at three movement speeds (slow, moderate, fast). All movements were performed in a blocked, simple reaction time paradigm, with trials involving a startling stimulus (124 dB) interspersed randomly with control trials. As predicted, spatial movements were modulated by agonist duration and timed movements were modulated by agonist rise time. The startling stimulus triggered all movements at short latencies with a compression of the kinematic and electromyogram (EMG) profile such that they were performed faster than control trials. However, temporally constrained movements showed a differential effect of movement compression on startle trials such that the slowest movement showed the greatest temporal compression. The startling stimulus also decreased the relative timing between EMG bursts more for the 20° movement when it was defined by a temporal rather than spatial goal, which we attributed to the disruption of an internal timekeeper for the timed movements. These results confirm that temporally defined movements were prepared in a different manner from spatially defined movements and provide new information pertaining to these preparation differences.
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LaRue, Jacques. "Initial Learning of Timing in Combined Serial Movements and a No-Movement Situation." Music Perception 22, no. 3 (2005): 509–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/mp.2005.22.3.509.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We investigate differences in timing errors in a task that imitated the movement sequence of a cello player. We trained a group of 17 young adults to perform a sequence of linear reversal movements of different lengths but with a constant movement time. Thus, each segment required the movement speed to be changed. The sequence had to be performed with fluidity, except for a �no-movement� segment that was embedded in the movement series. Feedback on timing was given for each segment. Results from this experiment show that the no-movement segment is more variable than any of the movement segments. There was no significant correlation between the timing errors of the successive movements and the timing error of the pause. These results provide further evidence in favor of two distinct timing processes: one used for continuous movements and one used for no-movement and discontinuous movements.
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Corcos, D. M., G. L. Gottlieb, and G. C. Agarwal. "Organizing principles for single-joint movements. II. A speed-sensitive strategy." Journal of Neurophysiology 62, no. 2 (August 1, 1989): 358–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1989.62.2.358.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
1. Normal human subjects made discrete flexions of the elbow over a fixed distance in the horizontal plane from a stationary initial position to a visually defined target. We measured joint angle, acceleration, and electromyograms (EMGs) from two agonist and two antagonist muscles. 2. Changes in movement speed were elicited either by explicit instruction to the subject or by adjusting the target width. Instructions always required accurately stopping in the target zone. 3. Peak inertial torques and accelerations, movement times, and integrated EMGs were all highly correlated with speed. We show that inertial torque can be used as a linking variable that is almost sufficient to explain all correlations between the task, the EMG, and movement kinematics. 4. When subjects perform tasks that require control of movement speed, they adjust the rate at which torque is developed by the muscles. This rate is modulated by the way in which the muscles are activated. The rate at which joint torque develops is correlated with the rate at which the agonist EMG rises as well as with integrated EMG. 5. The antagonist EMG shows two components. The latency of the first is 30-50 ms and independent of movement dynamics. The latency of the second component is proportional to movement time. The rate of rise and area of both components scale with torque. 6. We propose organizing principles for the control of single-joint movements in which tasks are performed by one of two strategies. These are called speed-insensitive and speed-sensitive strategies. 7. A model is proposed in which movements made under a speed-sensitive strategy are executed by controlling the intensity of an excitation pulse delivered to the motoneuron pool. The effect is to regulate the rate at which joint torque, and consequently acceleration, increases. 8. Movements of variable distance, speed, accuracy, and load are shown to be controlled by one of two consistent sets of rules for muscle activation. These rules apply to the control of both the agonist and antagonist muscles. Rules of activation lead to distinguishable patterns of EMG and torque development. All observable changes in movement kinematics are explained as deterministic consequences of these effects.
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Qin, Wei, Baotong Cui, and Zhengxian Jiang. "Finite-Time Control of One Dimensional Crowd Evacuation System." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2019 (August 5, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6597360.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper pertains to the study of finite-time control of one dimensional crowd evacuation system. Benefiting from the research of fluid dynamics and vehicle traffic, a one dimensional crowd evacuation system is constructed, whose density-velocity relationship is represented by a diffusion model. In order to deal with the nondirectionality of crowd movement, the free flow speed is chosen as a control variable. Since the control variable is included in a partial derivative, it increases the difficulty of designing the controller. In this paper, finite-time controller is designed, which not only guarantees the effective evacuation, but also obtains the estimation of evacuation time. Then, finite-time tracking problem is solved, which makes the density converge to a given density. Finally, numerical examples illustrate the effectiveness of the controllers.
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Loktev, Alexey Alexeevich, Vadim Vadimovich Korolev, Irina Viktorovna Shishkina, and Mikhail Evgenyevich Berezovskiy. "Calculation of the speed of movement on the side track for flat grades of switches." Transport of the Urals, no. 2 (2020): 52–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.20291/1815-9400-2020-2-52-56.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
There is a need to speed up the design and implementation of switches on the operated railway network, which can significantly increase the allowed speed of trains, especially on the side track. One of the starting points in the design of switches for high speeds is to provide passengers with a comfortable ride when the train is moving on a side track by limiting the values of the so-called centrifugal acceleration and the increment (change) of the centrifugal acceleration per unit of time (second). If it is necessary to implement the speed of movement on the switch to the side track over 50 km/h, the main factor in determining the radius of the transfer curve under the conditions of driving comfort is to limit the amount of increment (change) of the centrifugal acceleration per unit of time (second). Based on this, when designing switches for high speeds, it is advisable to use curves of variable radius as a translation curve.
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Dupuis, Frédérique, Gisela Sole, Craig Wassinger, Mathieu Bielmann, Laurent J. Bouyer, and Jean-Sébastien Roy. "Fatigue, induced via repetitive upper-limb motor tasks, influences trunk and shoulder kinematics during an upper limb reaching task in a virtual reality environment." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (April 8, 2021): e0249403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249403.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background Efficient shoulder movement depends on the ability of central nervous system to integrate sensory information and to create an appropriate motor command. Various daily encountered factors can potentially compromise the execution of the command, such as fatigue. This study explored how fatigue influences shoulder movements during upper limb reaching. Methods Forty healthy participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups: Control or Fatigue Group. All participants completed an upper limb reaching task at baseline and post-experimental, during which they reached four targets located at 90° of shoulder abduction, 90° external rotation at 90° abduction, 120° scaption, and 120° flexion in a virtual reality environment. Following the baseline phase, the Fatigue Group completed a shoulder fatigue protocol, while Controls took a 10-minute break. Thereafter, the reaching task was repeated. Upper limb kinematic (joint angles and excursions) and spatiotemporal (speed and accuracy) data were collected during the reaching task. Electromyographic activity of the anterior and middle deltoids were also collected to characterize fatigue. Two-way repeated-measures ANOVA were performed to determine the effects of Time, Group and of the interaction between these factors. Results The Fatigue group showed decreased mean median power frequency and increased electromyographic amplitudes of the anterior deltoid (p < 0.05) following the fatigue protocol. Less glenohumeral elevation, increased trunk flexion and rotation and sternoclavicular elevation were also observed in the Fatigue group (Group x Time interaction, p < 0.05). The Control group improved their movement speed and accuracy in post-experimental phase, while the Fatigue group showed a decrease of movement speed and no accuracy improvement (Group x Time interaction, p < 0.05). Conclusion In a fatigued state, changes in movement strategy were observed during the reaching task, including increased trunk and sternoclavicular movements and less glenohumeral movement. Performance was altered as shown by the lack of accuracy improvement over time and a decrease in movement speed in the Fatigue group.
Дисертації з теми "Time and speed of one movement"
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Magaro, Christopher Michael. "Dissociating clock speed and attention in the modality effect." Click here for download, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1490081061&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=3260&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Повний текст джерела
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Clavica, Francesco. "Computational and experimental time domain, one dimensional models of air wave propagation in human airways." Thesis, Brunel University, 2012. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/9622.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The scientific literature on airflow in the respiratory system is usually associated with rigid ducts. Many studies have been conducted in the frequency domain to assess respiratory system mechanics. Time-domain analyses appear more independent from the hypotheses of periodicity, required by frequency analysis, providing data that are simpler to interpret since features can be easily associated to time. However, the complexity of the bronchial tree makes 3-D simulations too expensive computationally, limiting the analysis to few generations. 1-D modelling in space-time variables has been extensively applied to simulate blood pressure and flow waveforms in arteries, providing a good compromise between accuracy and computational cost. This work represents the first attempt to apply this formulation to study pulse waveforms in the human bronchial tree. Experiments have been carried out, in this work, to validate the model capabilities in modelling pressure and velocity waveforms when air pulses propagate in flexible tubes with different mechanical and geometrical properties. The experiments have shown that the arrival of reflected air waves occurs in correspondence of the theoretical timing once the wave speed is known. Reflected backward compression waves have generated an increase of pressure (P) and decrease of velocity (U) while expansion backward waves have produced a decrease of P and increase of U according to the linear analysis of wave reflections. The experiments have demonstrated also the capabilities of Wave intensity analysis (WIA), an analytical technique used to study wave propagation in cardiovascular system, in separating forward and backward components of pressure and velocity also for the air case. After validating the 1-D modelling in space and time variables, several models for human airways have been considered starting from simplified versions (bifurcation trachea- main bronchi, series of tubes) to more complex systems up to seven generations of bifurcations according to both symmetrical and asymmetrical models. Calculated pressures waveforms in trachea are shown to change accordingly to both peripheral resistance and compliance variations, suggesting a possible non-invasive assessment of peripheral conditions. A favourable comparison with typical pressure and flow waveforms from impulse oscillometry system, which has recently been introduced as a clinical diagnostic technique, is also shown. The results suggested that a deeper investigation of the mechanisms underlying air wave propagation in lungs could be a useful tool to better understand the differences between normal and pathologic conditions and how pathologies may affect the pattern of pressure and velocity waveforms.
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Gokbulut, Alev. "Monorail: An Alternative Transportation Mode For Metu." Master's thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/1252667/index.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim of this thesis is to investigate an alternative mode of transportation for METU and the impacts of spatial transformations generated by the proposed system in an
architectural context. This study embraces modern concepts of space-time in the practice of architectural design, and involves a sensitive consideration of the perception of space
relative to position, speed and movement. In an urban context, the thesis unfolds spatial transformations affected by new movement technology. While the notions of movement
and speed fundamentally shape the image of the contemporary city, METU campus will be reanalyzed within this framework.
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Andrijauskaitė, Inga. "Kariūnų psichomotorinių procesų tyrimas ir įvertinimas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2006. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2006~D_20060522_123126-98072.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This Master Thesis involves the analysis and evaluation of military students psychomotor processes. This was carried out using the analyzer DPA – 1. This device is used for measuring dynamic parameters of independent or coordinated arm and leg movements by reacting to the target with a variety of geometric, colour or time parameters appearing on the screen. The DPA – 1 device enables scientists to analyse psychomotor reaction and dynamic and kinematical characteristics. The goal of the research was to identify the peculiarities of psychomotor reaction performing movements with the right and left arms. The participants of the research were 40 students (n=40) of the Lithuanian Military academy. Their age was 22.03 ± 0.54 years, body mass – 76.04 ± 9.13 kg, height – 180.29 ± 7.99 cm. Their right arm was dominant.
To achieve this goal the following tasks had to be completed:
1. To determine the differences in psychomotor reaction by performing the moves with the dominant and non-dominant arms.
2. To determine the difference between movement speed and accuracy by performing the movement with the right and the left arms.
3. To determine the connection between the parameters of psychomotor reaction of the right and the left arms.
The hypothesis:
We think that movements performed with the dominant arm have better psychomotor qualities.
The research methods:
1. Analysis of the scientific literature resources
2. Testing
3. Mathematical statistics
Conclusions
1. There were no... [to full text]
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Hammett, Carol Totsky. "The effects of physical movement during story time on vocabulary acquisition of primary students in grades K-1 : an exploratory investigation in one school location /." dissertation online, 2009. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#abstract?dispub=3386633.
Повний текст джерела
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Hajj, Joëlle. "Perceptual Ability is Diminished at Peak Limb Velocity of a Goal-directed Movement But is Unaffected During Motor Preparation." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/36577.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Due to various shortcomings of the visual system, some visual stimuli can only be identified with 100% accuracy if they are shown for a certain amount of time. This time can be measured using the Inspection Time (IT) paradigm. In an IT task, a “pi” figure with differing leg lengths is typically presented briefly (e.g., 20-200 ms) and is then immediately masked to prevent retinal afterimages. Participants are subsequently required to choose which of the two legs was longer. The objective of this task is to determine the shortest amount of time the pi figure needs to be shown for it to be perceived with 80% accuracy. Given that visual processing has been shown to
be altered during and /or prior to a movement, the present experiment sought to test how the requirement to perform a motor task affected IT. Twenty-eight participants took part in the experiment, which was comprised of three conditions: no-movement (NM), peak velocity (PV), and foreperiod (FP). In the NM condition, participants grasped a manipulandum and engaged in the IT paradigm. At the end of every trial, participants verbally stated which leg they believed was longest. In the PV condition participants made a rapid movement to a target, and the IT stimulus was presented when their limb reached peak velocity. Finally in the FP condition the IT stimulus was presented during foreperiod (FP). In all three conditions the IT stimulus was randomly presented from between 15-105 ms (in 15 ms increments) and masked for 400 ms. Results showed no significant differences on the IT task between the NM and FP conditions, suggesting no visual upregulation during foreperiod. However, IT performance was significantly
poorer in the PV condition in comparison to both the NM and FP condition, suggesting a visual downregulation at that particular movement kinematic.
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Zaicevaitė, Vitalija. "Kojų judesių valdymo atsigavimas persirgus galvos smegenų insultu." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2010. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2010~D_20100526_133534-42399.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Tyrimo objektas: kojų judesių reakcijos laiko bei judesių atlikimo greičio vertinimas.
Tyrimo problema: daugumai žmonių po insulto stebimas kojų judesių valdymo sutrikimas. Sutrikęs kojų judesių valdymas padidina griuvimų riziką, sutrikdo eiseną, apsunkina kasdieninę veiklą, riboja fizinį aktyvumą. Žmogaus rankų bei kojų dinaminių parametrų analizatoriaus DPA-1 pagalba galima tirti psichomotorinę reakciją, judesių dinamines bei kinematines charakteristikas, o tai suteikia didesnes galimybes įvertinti insulto liekamųjų reiškinių poveikį kojų judesių valdymui.
Tyrimo tikslas: nustatyti kojų judesių valdymo atsigavimą persirgus galvos smegenų insultu.
Tyrimo metodai ir organizavimas: tyrimas buvo atliekamas Lietuvos kūno kultūros akademijoje (LKKA) Žmogaus motorikos laboratorijoje 2009 – 2010 metais. Tiriamųjų kontingentą sudarė dvi grupės: tiriamoji ir kontrolinė. Tiriamąją grupę sudarė 10 žmonių patyrusių galvos smegenų insultą, amžiaus vidurkis: 70,1 ± 1,3 metai. Kontrolinę grupę sudarė 10 vyresnio amžiaus, neurologinių sutrikimų neturinčių žmonių, amžiaus vidurkis: 66,6 ± 1,8 metai. Kojų dinaminių judesių tyrimui buvo naudojamas LKKA mokslininkų ir UAB „Katra“ specialistų sukurtas originalus prietaisas - žmogaus rankų ir kojų judesių dinaminių parametrų analizatorius DPA-1. Tyrimo metu buvo registruojamas dešinės ir kairės kojos judesių reakcijos laikas (RT) bei dešinės ir kairės kojos maksimalus judesių greitis (V ) atliekant reakcijos, greitumo ir tikslumo užduotis... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]Problem of study: lots of people feel disorder of controlling legs dynamic movement after stroke. Disordered control of legs movement rise the risk of fallings, unbalances gait, prejudice casual activity, limits physical activity. With help of human hands and legs dynamic parameter analyzer (DPA-1) it is possible to feel psychomotorical reaction, movements dynamic and kinematic characteristics, and this gives better opportunities to value remanant stroke influence for control of legs dynamic movement. Object of study: evaluation of legs movement reaction time and speed of movement performance. Aim of study: to determine recovery of legs motor control after stroke. Methods and organization of sudy: this research was carried out in the Laboratory of Human motor control at the Lithuanian Academy of physical Education (LAPE) during 2009 - 2010. Investigative contingent included two groups: trial and control. In trial group there were included 10 people, who had a stroke of head brains. Average of age - 70±3 years. In control group there were included 10 older people without neurological disorder. Average of age - 60±3 years. For legs dynamic movement research was used new original gear made by LAPE scientists and company “Katra” – human hands and legs dynamic parameter analyser DPA-1. During research there was registering the reaction time (RT) of right and left leg and the maximal movement speed (V ) of right and left leg performing tasks of reaction, speed and accuracy. Goals... [to full text]
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Narmack, Kirilll. "Dynamic Speed Adaptation for Curves using Machine Learning." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-233545.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The vehicles of tomorrow will be more sophisticated, intelligent and safe than the vehicles of today. The future is leaning towards fully autonomous vehicles. This degree project provides a data driven solution for a speed adaptation system that can be used to compute a vehicle speed for curves, suitable for the underlying driving style of the driver, road properties and weather conditions. A speed adaptation system for curves aims to compute a vehicle speed suitable for curves that can be used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) or in Autonomous Driving (AD) applications. This degree project was carried out at Volvo Car Corporation. Literature in the field of speed adaptation systems and factors affecting the vehicle speed in curves was reviewed. Naturalistic driving data was both collected by driving and extracted from Volvo's data base and further processed. A novel speed adaptation system for curves was invented, implemented and evaluated. This speed adaptation system is able to compute a vehicle speed suitable for the underlying driving style of the driver, road properties and weather conditions. Two different artificial neural networks and two mathematical models were used to compute the desired vehicle speed in curves. These methods were compared and evaluated.Morgondagens fordon kommer att vara mer sofistikerade, intelligenta och säkra än dagens fordon. Framtiden lutar mot fullständigt autonoma fordon. Detta examensarbete tillhandahåller en datadriven lösning för ett hastighetsanpassningssystem som kan beräkna ett fordons hastighet i kurvor som är lämpligt för förarens körstil, vägens egenskaper och rådande väder. Ett hastighetsanpassningssystem för kurvor har som mål att beräkna en fordonshastighet för kurvor som kan användas i Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) eller Autonomous Driving (AD) applikationer. Detta examensarbete utfördes på Volvo Car Corporation. Litteratur kring hastighetsanpassningssystem samt faktorer som påverkar ett fordons hastighet i kurvor studerades. Naturalistisk bilkörningsdata samlades genom att köra bil samt extraherades från Volvos databas och bearbetades. Ett nytt hastighetsanpassningssystem uppfanns, implementerades samt utvärderades. Hastighetsanpassningssystemet visade sig vara kapabelt till att beräkna en lämplig fordonshastighet för förarens körstil under rådande väderförhållanden och vägens egenskaper. Två olika artificiella neuronnätverk samt två matematiska modeller användes för att beräkna fordonets hastighet. Dessa metoder jämfördes och utvärderades.
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Кувалдина, О. В., С. В. Гетманцев, О. И. Вертелецкий, В. Б. Ижицкий, O. V. Kuvaldina, S. V. Getmantsev, O. I. Verteletskiy та V. B. Izhitskiy. "Критерии оценки скоростных способностей у юношей в гребле на байдарках". Thesis, 2018. http://eir.nuos.edu.ua/xmlui/handle/123456789/4552.
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Критерии оценки скоростных способностей у юношей в гребле на байдарках / С. В. Гетманцев, О. И. Вертелецкий, О. В. Кувалдина, В. Б. Ижицкий // Матеріали ХVІІІ всеукр. наук.-практ. конф. "Медико-біологічні проблеми фізичної культури, спорту та здоров’я людини" – Миколаїв : МНУ ім. В. О. Сухомлинського, 2018. – Вип. 18. – С. 60–64.Обстежувалися юнаки, учні школи-інтернату спортивного профілю, училища фізичної культури і студенти ВНЗ, що спеціалізуються у веслуванні на байдарках, у віці 11-12 років, 13-14 років, 15-16 років, 17-18 років та різної спортивної кваліфікації. Досліджувалися за розробленою нами методикою вимірювання ефекту тренувальної дії (ІЕТД) темп, час і швидкість одного руху, частота рухів, а також сенсомоторні реакції на звуковий і світловий подразники. Розроблено критерії оцінки швидкісних здібностей і складових їх елементів для моделювання тренувального процесу у веслуванні на байдарках.
Surveyed young men, students of the hoarding school sports profile, schools of physical culture and students of universities, specializing in rowing on kayaks, aged 11-12 years, 13-14 years, .15- 16 years, 17-18 years and various sports skills. We studied by the method of measuring the effect of the training action developed by us, the rate, time and speed of one movement, the frequency of movements, as well as sensorimotor reactions to sound and light stimuli. Developed criteria for assessing the speed abilities and their constituent elements for modeling the training process in rowing.
Обследовались юноши, учащиеся школы-интерната спортивного профиля, училища физической культуры и студенты ВУЗов, специализирующиеся в гребле на байдарках, в возрасте 11-12 лет, 13-14 лет, 15-16 лет, 17-18 лет и различной спортивной квалификации. Исследовались по разработанной нами методике измерения эффекта тренирующего действия (ИЭТД) темп, время и скорость одного движения, частота движений, а также сенсомоторные реакции на звуковой и световой раздражители. Разработаны критерии оценки скоростных способностей и составляющих их элементов для моделирования тренировочного процесса в гребле на байдарках.
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Богуш, В. Л., С. В. Гетманцев, О. В. Кувалдина, В. А. Косенчук, Е. А. Яцунский, А. А. Раевский, V. L. Bogush та ін. "Скоростные способности в гребле на байдарках у юношей". Thesis, 2017. http://eir.nuos.edu.ua/xmlui/handle/123456789/4636.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Скоростные способности в гребле на байдарках у юношей / В. Л. Богуш, С. В. Гетманцев, О. В. Кувалдина, В. А. Косенчук, Е. А. Яцунский, А. А. Раевский // Матеріали XVII всеукр. наук.-практ. конф. "Медико-біологічні проблеми фізичної культури, спорту та здоров’я людини". – Миколаїв : МНУ ім. В. О. Сухомлинського, 2017. – Вип. 17. – С. 50–54.Young men in age groups of 11-12 years, 13-14 years, 15-16 years, 17-18 years of various sports qualification specializing in rowing on kayaks were examined. According to the method of determining the effect of the training action developed by us, we studied the rates of speed abilities in terms of the tempo, time and speed of one motion, the frequency of movements. On the basis of the conducted studies, it is possible to determine the individual characteristics of the athlete's organism and recommend the proposed methodology for the purposeful study and development of one of the components of the physical quality of speed - speed abilities, formation and improvement of motor actions.
Обследовались юноши в возрастных группах 11-12 лет, 13-14 лет, 15-16 лет, 17-18 лет различной спортивной квалификации, специализирующиеся в гребле на байдарках. По разработанной нами методике определения эффекта тренирующего действия изучались показатели скоростных способностей по темпу, времени и скорости одного движения, частоте движений. На основании проведенных исследований можно определить индивидуальные особенности организма спортсменов и рекомендовать предложенную методику для целенаправленного изучения и развития одной из составляющих физического качества быстроты – скоростных способностей, формирования и совершенствования двигательных действий.
Книги з теми "Time and speed of one movement"
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Lèbre, Jérôme. Vitesses. Paris: Hermann, 2011.
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Honoré, Carl. In praise of slow: How a worldwide movement is challenging the cult of speed. Toronto: Random House Canada, 2004.
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In praise of slow: How a worldwide movement is challenging the cult of speed. Toronto: Vintage Canada, 2004.
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Newman, Troy. Abortion free: Your manual for building a pro-life America one community at a time. Washington, D.C: WND Books, 2014.
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Honoré, Carl, and Carl Honoré. In praise of slowness: How a worldwide movement is challenging the cult of speed. [San Francisco]: HarperSanFrancisco, 2004.
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In praise of slowness: Challenging the cult of speed. [San Francisco]: HarperSanFrancisco, 2005.
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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Government Operations. Employment and Housing Subcommittee. Rising use of part-time and temporary workers: Who benefits and who loses? : hearing before a subcommittee of the Committee on Government Operations, House of Representatives, One Hundredth Congress, second session, May 19, 1988. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1988.
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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Government Operations. Employment and Housing Subcommittee. Rising use of part-time and temporary workers: Who benefits and who loses? : hearing before a subcommittee of the Committee on Government Operations, House of Representatives, One Hundredth Congress, second session, May 19, 1988. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1988.
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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Government Operations. Employment and Housing Subcommittee. Rising use of part-time and temporary workers: Who benefits and who loses? : hearing before a subcommittee of the Committee on Government Operations, House of Representatives, One Hundredth Congress, second session, May 19, 1988. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1988.
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Subcommittee, United States Congress House Committee on Government Operations Employment and Housing. Rising use of part-time and temporary workers: Who benefits and who loses? : hearing before a subcommittee of the Committee on Government Operations, House of Representatives, One Hundredth Congress, second session, May 19, 1988. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1988.
Знайти повний текст джерелаЧастини книг з теми "Time and speed of one movement"
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Nakanishi, Tomoko M. "Real-Time Element Movement in a Plant." In Novel Plant Imaging and Analysis, 109–68. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4992-6_4.
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AbstractWe developed an imaging method utilizing the available RIs. We developed two types of real-time RI imaging systems (RRIS), one for macroscopic imaging and the other for microscopic imaging. The principle of visualization was the same, converting the radiation to light by a Cs(Tl)I scintillator deposited on a fiber optic plate (FOS). Many nuclides were employed, including 14C, 18F, 22Na, 28Mg, 32P 33P, 35S, 42K, 45Ca, 48V, 54Mn, 55Fe, 59Fe, 65Zn, 86Rb, 109Cd, and 137Cs.Since radiation can penetrate the soil as well as water, the difference between soil culture and water culture was visualized. 137Cs was hardly absorbed by rice roots growing in soil, whereas water culture showed high absorption, which could provide some reassurance after the Fukushima Nuclear Accident and could indicate an important role of soil in firmly adsorbing the radioactive cesium.28Mg and 42K, whose production methods were presented, were applied for RRIS to visualize the absorption image from the roots. In addition to 28Mg and 42K, many nuclides were applied to image absorption in the roots. Each element showed a specific absorption speed and accumulation pattern. The image analysis of the absorption of Mg is presented as an example. Through successive images of the element absorption, phloem flow in the aboveground part of the plant was analyzed. The element absorption was visualized not only in the roots but also in the leaves, a basic study of foliar fertilization.In the case of the microscopic imaging system, a fluorescence microscope was modified to acquire three images at the same time: a light image, fluorescent image, and radiation image. Although the resolution of the image was estimated to be approximately 50 μm, superposition showed the expression site of the transporter gene and the actual 32P-phosphate absorption site to be the same in Arabidopsis roots.
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Ezoji, Amer, Romain Pinquie, and Jean François Boujut. "Towards a Better Understanding of Open Source Hardware Design Reuse in Company-Community Collaboration." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 149–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70566-4_24.
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AbstractThe open-source-software movement that emerged in the late 90s has recently extended to hardware. In this paper, we try to better understand how the reuse of design solutions facilitates company-community collaboration. On the one hand, based on existing research studies, we analyze three fundamental questions - 1) who wants to reuse a design? 2) Why do they want to reuse a design?, and 3) How do they reuse a design? - from a company perspective and a community perspective. On the other hand, we identified that companies and communities must create a common understanding of the design problems and solution and they could benefit in reusing design artifact to speed up the development time and improve the quality and transferability of the results. However, this research shows that companies and communities don’t use the same type of tools and methods to reuse design knowledge which may cause some problems for collaboration [2].
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Unnikrishnan, C. S. "Interlude on Simultaneity and the One-Way Speed of Light." In Gravity's Time, 215–38. New York: Jenny Stanford Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003256564-6.
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Hancock, P. A., and K. M. Newell. "The Movement Speed-Accuracy Relationship in Space-Time." In Motor Behavior, 153–88. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-69749-4_5.
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Nakanishi, Tomoko M. "Other Real-Time Movement." In Novel Plant Imaging and Analysis, 207–11. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4992-6_8.
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AbstractIn the case of root movement, a very interesting phenomenon was found using the Super-HARP camera, which enabled the visualization of root movement in the dark.Although the first data on plants show that the harmful effect is growth inhibition, the first effect of the toxicity was to stop the rotation movement of the roots before growth inhibition occurred.When there was a chemical change in the environment, although the circumnutation of the root tip ceased, the root was able to elongate, and it was interesting that after a while the root movement resumed. In the case of a rice root, one round of movement of the rice root tip showed a constant time of approximately 50 minutes. However, this movement ceased when Al ion was supplied. The time needed for resuming the movement of the root tip was dependent on the Al ion concentration. It is not known what triggers the resumption of the movement of the root tip.
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Ramani, Subha, Harish Thampy, and Judy McKimm. "Speed Mentoring: A One-Time Focused Meeting or a Prelude to a Long-Term Relationship." In Mentoring In Health Professions Education, 113–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86935-9_12.
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Pedretti, Giacomo. "One Step in-Memory Solution of Inverse Algebraic Problems." In Special Topics in Information Technology, 63–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62476-7_6.
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AbstractMachine learning requires to process large amount of irregular data and extract meaningful information. Von-Neumann architecture is being challenged by such computation, in fact a physical separation between memory and processing unit limits the maximum speed in analyzing lots of data and the majority of time and energy are spent to make information travel from memory to the processor and back. In-memory computing executes operations directly within the memory without any information travelling. In particular, thanks to emerging memory technologies such as memristors, it is possible to program arbitrary real numbers directly in a single memory device in an analog fashion and at the array level, execute algebraic operation in-memory and in one step. In this chapter the latest results in accelerating inverse operation, such as the solution of linear systems, in-memory and in a single computational cycle will be presented.
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Punzi, Maria Carmen, and Mirjam Werner. "Challenging the Menstruation Taboo One Sale at a Time: The Role of Social Entrepreneurs in the Period Revolution." In The Palgrave Handbook of Critical Menstruation Studies, 833–51. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0614-7_60.
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Abstract Punzi and Werner offer an incisive analysis of the role of social entrepreneurs in the so-called ‘period revolution.’ The authors explore not only the market strategies and social media messaging of social enterprises, but also how other activists in the menstrual equity movement question or support their work. Building on interviews with 35 social entrepreneurs, communication with current and former Femcare employees, and participant observation of menstrual activists, this study provides a 360-degree view of the surprising number of social entrepreneurs who have entered the menstrual products space, their efforts to innovate and disrupt the industry, and the opportunities and potential pitfalls they face.
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Fabbris, Luigi, and Paolo Feltrin. "Measuring the movement between employment and self-employment: a survey proposal." In Proceedings e report, 65–70. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-304-8.14.
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The study concerns the following issues: 1) basic definitions (traditional craftsmanship and commercial work, self-employment, freelance jobs, learned professions, etc.); 2) analysis of the sources on, and the organizations representing the workers of the self-employment compound; 3) medium-to-long term analysis of the main components of the self-employment compound and of the occupation in self-employment companies. We examined various statistical sources on self-employment in Italy, a category including about 5.5 million workers, according to official estimates. We examined the yearly data of the time span from 2009 to 2019, with a concept about 2020, the Covid-19 year. In the examined period, we highlighted a dramatic reduction at employment entry of younger cohorts of less educated people (about one million people), just partly compensated by an increase of new entries of aged and highly educated people. The study concludes with a proposal of a set of questions on self-employment that could be used to adjust the specific part of the questionnaire used by Istat for the survey on the Italian labour forces.
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Spence, John C. H. "Ole Roemer, Who Started It All." In Lightspeed, 18–26. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198841968.003.0002.
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The story of the first measurement of the speed of light by Ole Roemer in 1676. Galileo had discovered the moons of Jupiter with his new telescope, and proposed using observations of their eclipse every forty-two hours as a universal clock for our planet, since they could be seen from practically anywhere. This would keep track of the time at home, and so give a traveller his or her local longitude. (The King of Spain had offered a prize for longitude determination to avoid disasterous shipwrecks.) Roemer noticed that the eclipses were sometimes a little late, which he concluded was due to the time it took light to get from Saturn to Earth and the movement of the Earth between eclipses. His estimate of the time for light to travel from the Sun to Earth was quite accurate. Roemer’s remarkable life story and many other achievements are told.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Time and speed of one movement"
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Cannard, F., Eric Fauvet, and Michel Paindavoine. "Human movement analysis with image processing in real time." In 19th Intl Congress on High-Speed Photography and Photonics. SPIE, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.23954.
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F. Lin, Ray, Yi-Chien Tsai, Chi-Yu Huang, and Min-Hsin Lin. "An Application of Ballistic Movement Method for Evaluating the Effects of Movement Direction Using a Standard Mouse." In Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics Conference (2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001268.
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Most studies on the effect of movement direction utilized Fitts’ law; however, the use of Fitts’ law has a limitation of discriminating the extent to which properties of speed and accuracy contribute to the aiming movement time. Hence, this study aimed at utilizing the two ballistic movement models to separately assess speed and accuracy. Four participants performed ballistic movements with a standard computer mouse in eight radial directions. The measured movement time and two axes of end-point variability were analyzed using the two ballistic movement models. The results showed that two ballistic movement models accounted well for the measured data in various movement directions, and movement direction had certain effects on movement time, aiming-constant error, and aiming-variable error. Movements took the shortest times in the directions of 0° and 180°. Participants aimed targets with a counterclockwise angle when moving toward 90°, 135°, 180°, and 225°, and with a clockwise angle when moving toward 270°, 315°, 0°, and 45°. Aiming-variable errors were relatively smaller along cross axes, compared to those along diagonal axes. Ballistic movement models, compared to Fitts’ law, provided individual performance information of “speed” and “accuracy”, helping provide detail information for HCI designs.
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Zhang, Jie, and Dong Xu. "Research on Real-time Visual Surveillance Technology of High Speed Mechanical System Movement Features." In 2016 7th International Conference on Mechatronics, Control and Materials (ICMCM 2016). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icmcm-16.2016.93.
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Robles Robles, Dimas, and Einstein Castillo Martínez. "Case of Geotechnical Instrumentation of Pipelines in Unstable Zones: Real Time Readings and its Development in Uncommunicated Zones." In ASME 2017 International Pipeline Geotechnical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipg2017-2526.
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Oil pipelines and gas pipelines usually go through geotechnically unstable areas for different reasons. These can go from situations related to the engineering stage (trace), to environmental and social aspects during the construction process. Due to these aspects, the ducts go through geotechnically undesirable areas. Usually, the geotechnical instabilities, according to the kind of movement, are low speed (cm/year), medium (m/year) and very quick processes that generate movements of tens to hundreds of meters per day. Most of Mass Removal Phenomenon (MRF) are triggered by rain and/or earthquakes and are translated into land movements which at the same time involve, occasionally, important deformations in pipelines or its breaking, depending on the movement speed and the possibility of making works before the pipeline breaking. To get to know the pipeline tensional state from the beginning of the pipeline operation, in this unstable zones, is an essential task, which depends on the early identification of the said land movements and the possibility to do measurements on the pipelines using tools such as In-line inspection running (ILI) or the installation of strain gauges. This situation makes the task of monitoring in unstable zones a vital one. The current paper is based on a breaking pipeline case due to soil movement, “monitored by inclinometers”, with the purpose to show the importance of a geotechnical and mechanical instrumentation that offers useful results. The instrumentation allows to model the interaction soil-pipeline to accomplish relevant tasks, that avoid the pipeline breaking and at the same time allow to stablish deformation thresholds of soil or pipeline, which will become early warnings to avoid breakings. Furthermore, the soil and pipeline’s deformation thresholds are documented, based on a system transport by pipelines (STP) breaking cases, to stablish threat classifications to a specific pipeline. The called instrument reading in real time implies: detection, measurement and data broadcasting that allows the user to have daily records of the movements or required associated variables, with no need to depend on other communication systems that might be inexistent in some areas. This paper also shows the development and operation of a monitoring station that includes: inclinometers, piezometers, strain gauges and rain gauges, among others. These broadcast their data to a server that the user has access to, from any place with a Wi-Fi network, here the user will be able to display information from each one of the instruments, emphasizing the measured variables or magnitudes (displacement, water level, micro strain mm/day) into graphics. The station has a limitation over battery length of 6 months, when it’s problematic to install a recharge solar cell system.
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Viaña Perez, Javier, Drew Scott, Manish Kumar, and Kelly Cohen. "Dynamic Genetic Algorithm for Optimizing Movement of a Six-Limb Creature." In ASME 2020 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2020-3243.
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Abstract In this study we consider a Dynamic Genetic Algorithm used to optimize the movement of a symmetric six-legged creature. The optimal movement is that which advances the creature in a straight line forward with the greatest average speed. The mutation rate and crossover rate are adjusted based on number of iterations the algorithm has completed. This dynamic element was added to improve convergence rate as well as reducing the chance that the algorithm is stuck in a local optimum. The chromosomes are represented by a 2-dimensional array, where the rows represent sequences of movement. Each row defines the change in the angle for all the joints. Angular rates are restricted per joint, as well as ranges of motion. The fitness of a chromosome is determined by the resultant average speed, calculated as total displacement of the center of gravity over total time of movements in the chromosome. The results of this study show the possibility to breed mathematically the creature by using the Dynamic Genetic Algorithm proposed. This learning process converged, for all the simulations carried out, to the natural motion of six-legged beings like the ants.
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Choi, Kwang Won, Dan Negrut, and Darryl G. Thelen. "GPU-Based Algorithm for Fast Computation of Cartilage Contact Patterns During Simulations of Movement." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14095.
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Direct measurement of cartilage contact is not feasible, necessitating the use of musculoskeletal models to estimate the internal soft tissue loading associated with movement2. However, current computational models used to simulate movement often utilize simplified joint kinematic constraints which can only provide an estimate of the net joint reaction force1. Detailed finite element models of the knee have been created14 which can provide estimates of cartilage tissue stress, but are too computationally expensive to solve within the context of a whole body simulation of movement. Discrete element analysis (DEA) provides a viable alternative for rapidly computing contact stress patterns in movement15, However, even DEA models can be computationally expensive as high resolution polygonal meshes are needed to accurately represent complex cartilage geometries such as that seen on the femoral condyles and tibia plateau. In a DEA model, much of the computation time is spent querying for contact between triangles of two polygonal surfaces. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential for using graphic processor computation (GPU) to expedite contact detection5. To do this, we use a contact detection algorithm that pre-constructs hierarchical bounding-volumes (BVH) of the target body to increase the efficiency of contact detection. We then show that implementing a parallel computational version of this algorithm on the GPU greatly speed up performance and thus make it more viable to simulate cartilage contact within the context of human movement.
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Manukovskiy, Andrey, A. Rubanov, and N. Nedovesov. "INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF WATER TRANSPORT OF THE FOREST TO INCREASE THE HYDRODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF THE RAFT." In Modern machines, equipment and IT solutions for industrial complex: theory and practice. FSBE Institution of Higher Education Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/mmeitsic2021_80-85.
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Of all the known modern types of water transport of the forest, the most promising is timber rafting, which, when used, has both positive and negative properties. Negative indicators include such indicators as: seasonality of work, since use in the winter period is impossible, loss of wood when unloading logs onto water and a raft, large dimensions, complexity of management, the need to unload a raft when unloading it. Passes through non-standard sections of the river bed and subsequent formations, special requirements for the dimensions of the waterway, speed limits and others.
One of the most acute problems caused by huge hydrodynamic resistance to movement, which increases with an increase in towing speed, is the limitation of the speed of movement of the raft in the water area. In this regard, the maximum speed of the raft in calm weather reaches no more than 1 1.2 m
/ s, while two or more powerful tugs are involved.
The limited time frame for rafting on wooden rafts is due to the flood period during the spring floods and floods, and they have fallen on hard times. Increasing the raft’s allowable towing speed will shorten the raft’s transport time. A decrease in hydrodynamic resistance when the raft is moving will increase the maximum allowable speed of its towing, which will have a positive effect on the efficiency of timber rafting.
Based on the analysis of existing known designs of modern rafts, as well as methods of influencing the reduction of hydrodynamic resistance in the field of shipbuilding, a number of methods have been proposed for reducing the hydrodynamic resistance to the movement of the raft. Methods of reducing the resistance to the movement of the raft by changing the features of its formation by placing separate sections or beams in the streamlined material, the introduction of hydrodynamic fairings are considered. The proposed methods for reducing the hydrodynamic resistance can significantly increase the efficiency of timber rafting.
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Sartori, Alberto, Davide Baroli, Antonio Cammi, Lelio Luzzi, and Gianluigi Rozza. "A Reduced Order Model for Multi-Group Time-Dependent Parametrized Reactor Spatial Kinetics." In 2014 22nd International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone22-30707.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this work, a Reduced Order Model (ROM) for multi-group time-dependent parametrized reactor spatial kinetics is presented. The Reduced Basis method (built upon a high-fidelity “truth” finite element approximation) has been applied to model the neutronics behavior of a parametrized system composed by a control rod surrounded by fissile material. The neutron kinetics has been described by means of a parametrized multi-group diffusion equation where the height of the control rod (i.e., how much the rod is inserted) plays the role of the varying parameter. In order to model a continuous movement of the rod, a piecewise affine transformation based on subdomain division has been implemented. The proposed ROM is capable to efficiently reproduce the neutron flux distribution allowing to take into account the spatial effects induced by the movement of the control rod with a computational speed-up of 30000 times, with respect to the “truth” model.
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Mahshid, Rasoul, Hans Nørgaard Hansen, Casper Hansen, and Mogens Arentoft. "A Motion Study of a Manipulator for Transferring Microparts in a Multi Stage Former." In ASME 2013 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the 41st North American Manufacturing Research Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2013-1072.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the earlier studies, it was shown that a whole multi stage former can be divided into three major sub-sections, the positioning unit, the gripping unit and the forming unit. The two first units were investigated and related parameters and features of each were discussed. This research herein deals with the forming unit. For this research, the positioning unit and the gripping unit are applied to the forming unit including a micro press equipped with a die system. The analysis focuses on verifying the results already extracted from previous researches by implementing all mentioned units together. A motion study of the system gives an overview of different steps and movements inside the multi stage former. Significantly, increasing the production rate increases the acceleration and also causes the time frame tight. The time limitations put overlaps on the moving parts in terms of milliseconds. A high speed camera was used in the experiments with high resolution to show the details of the motion while enabling to detect any unwanted movement within milliseconds. Importantly, increasing the frequency of image capturing within the movement is another beneficial feature in the high speed camera in order to give sufficient information on critical movements where they may need sensors and enough time to ensure getting at the right position as programmed. In this research the production rate raised to 169 strokes per minute. The results show that the concept introduced for the manipulator works very well at a real process implementation. This significantly approves the techniques already were given to evaluate the precisio in the positioning unit and the gripping unit.
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Métioui, Abdeljalil. "Aristotle, Galileo, Newton, and Quebec Elementary Preservice Conceptual Representations about the Movement in Free Falling Objects." In DidSci+ 2021. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9876-2021-9.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Qualitative research conducted with ninety (90) pre-service teachers of elementary education about their conceptual representations after teaching on free-fall demonstrates that they share many conceptual difficulties despite formal education. For this, we have given them a paper and pencil questionnaire of sixty minutes duration and composed of four questions. Most of the conceptual difficulties identified on analyzing the data were 1. Objectʼs mass influences its fall speed; 2. Gravitational acceleration depends on the force gravitation (weight); 3. During the free fall without friction, the gravitational acceleration at any given time increases as the fall progresses; and 4. During the free fall without friction, the speed at any given time is constant as the fall progresses. The conceptual difficulties identified are relevant for learning, and teaching strategies focused on the conceptual conflict considering the preservice teachersʼ conceptions identified in the present work and the relevant scientific concepts.
Звіти організацій з теми "Time and speed of one movement"
1
Zilberman, Mark. Methods to Test the “Dimming Effect” Produced by a Decrease in the Number of Photons Received from Receding Light Sources. Intellectual Archive, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32370/ia_2021_06_22.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The hypothetical “Dimming effect” describes the change of the number of photons arriving from a receding light source per unit of time. In non-relativistic systems,the "Dimming effect" occurs due to the fact that as light sources move away, the distance between the emitter and the receiver constantly increases, and the photons always take longer to reach the receiver. This reduces the number of photons received per time unit compared to the number of emitted photons per time unit. Negligible for speeds incomparable with the speed of light c, the "Dimming effect" can be very significant for speeds above 0.1c. “Dimming effect” can possibly be tested in a physics labor-atory using a moving light source (or mirror) and photon counters located in the travel direction and in opposite direction. It can possibly also be tested utilizing the orbital movement of the Earth around the Sun. If confirmed, “Dimming effect” would allow astronomers to adjust values of the "Standard Candles", which are critical in cosmological models. Absence of “Dimming effect” will mean that the number of photons arriving per time unit does not depend on the relative speed of light source and observer,which is not so apparent
2
Tavakoli, Arash, Vahid Balali, and Arsalan Heydarian. How do Environmental Factors Affect Drivers’ Gaze and Head Movements? Mineta Transportation Institute, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.2044.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Studies have shown that environmental factors affect driving behaviors. For instance, weather conditions and the presence of a passenger have been shown to significantly affect the speed of the driver. As one of the important measures of driving behavior is the gaze and head movements of the driver, such metrics can be potentially used towards understanding the effects of environmental factors on the driver’s behavior in real-time. In this study, using a naturalistic study platform, videos have been collected from six participants for more than four weeks of a fully naturalistic driving scenario. The videos of both the participants’ faces and roads have been cleaned and manually categorized depending on weather, road type, and passenger conditions. Facial videos have been analyzed using OpenFace to retrieve the gaze direction and head movements of the driver. Results, overall, suggest that the gaze direction and head movements of the driver are affected by a combination of environmental factors and individual differences. Specifically, results depict the distracting effect of the passenger on some individuals. In addition, it shows that highways and city streets are the cause for maximum distraction on the driver’s gaze.
3
Zilberman, Mark. Methods to Test the “Dimming Effect” Produced by a Decrease in the Number of Photons Received from Receding Light Sources. Intellectual Archive, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32370/iaj.2437.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The hypothetical “Dimming Effect” describes the change of the number of photons arriving from a moving light source per unit of time. In non-relativistic systems, the “Dimming effect” may occur due to the growing distance of light sources moving away from the receiver. This means that due to the growing distance, the photons continuously require more time to reach the receiver, which reduces the number of received photons per time unit compared to the number of emitted photons. Understandably, the proposed “Dimming effect” must be tested (confirmed or rejected) through observations. a. This article provides the formula for the calculation of “Dimming effect” values using the redshift parameter Z widely used in astronomy. b. The “Dimming effect” can possibly be detected utilizing the orbital movement of the Earth around the Sun. In accordance to the “Dimming effect”, observers on Earth will view 1.0001 more photons per time unit emitted by stars located near the ecliptic plane in the direction of the Earth orbiting the Sun. And, in contrast, observers will view only 0.9999 photons per time unit emitted by stars located near the ecliptic plane in the direction opposite to the Earth orbiting the Sun. Calculating precise measurements of the same stars within a 6-month period can possibly detect this difference. These changes in brightness are not only for specific stars, as the change in brightness takes place for all stars near the ecliptic in the direction of the Earth’s orbit around the Sun and in the opposite direction. c. The “Dimming effect” can possibly be detected in a physics laboratory using a moving light source (or mirror) and photon counters located in the direction of travel and in the opposite direction. d. In theory, Dilation of time can also be used for testing the existence of the “Dimming effect.” However, in experiments on Earth this effect appears in only the 14th digit after the decimal point and testing does not appear to be feasible. e. Why is it important to test the “Dimming effect?” If confirmed, it would allow astronomers to adjust values of "Standard Candles" used in astronomy. Since “Standard Candles” are critical in various cosmological models, the “Dimming effect” can correct models and/or reveal and support new models. If it is proved that the “Dimming effect” does not exist, it will mean that the number of photons arriving per unit of time does not depend on the speed of the light source and observer, which is not so apparent.
4
Green, John G., and Francis J. Miller. Examining the Effects of Precision Scheduled Railroading on Intercity Passenger and High-Speed Rail Service. Mineta Transportation Institute, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2022.2016.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
More than just scheduling terminal-to-terminal trips for trains, “Precision Scheduled Railroading” (PSR) creates entire point-to-point trip plans for individual railroad shipments. Since precision execution was first put into practice, the benefits to shipment arrival reliability and to freight railroads’ profitability have been demonstrated by its use in several Class One freight railroads. However, the effects of the PSR operating strategy on passenger railway operations in shared freight/passenger corridors has not been studied in detail. This research examines the effects of PSR railroad operations on passenger railways, including measuring “Host Railroad Minutes of Delay per 10,000 Train-Miles” and “On-Time Performance” of individual passenger railways, both intercity and high-speed.
5
Downing, W. Logan, Howell Li, William T. Morgan, Cassandra McKee, and Darcy M. Bullock. Using Probe Data Analytics for Assessing Freeway Speed Reductions during Rain Events. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317350.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Rain impacts roadways such as wet pavement, standing water, decreased visibility, and wind gusts and can lead to hazardous driving conditions. This study investigates the use of high fidelity Doppler data at 1 km spatial and 2-minute temporal resolution in combination with commercial probe speed data on freeways. Segment-based space-mean speeds were used and drops in speeds during rainfall events of 5.5 mm/hour or greater over a one-month period on a section of four to six-lane interstate were assessed. Speed reductions were evaluated as a time series over a 1-hour window with the rain data. Three interpolation methods for estimating rainfall rates were tested and seven metrics were developed for the analysis. The study found sharp drops in speed of more than 40 mph occurred at estimated rainfall rates of 30 mm/hour or greater, but the drops did not become more severe beyond this threshold. The average time of first detected rainfall to impacting speeds was 17 minutes. The bilinear method detected the greatest number of events during the 1-month period, with the most conservative rate of predicted rainfall. The range of rainfall intensities were estimated between 7.5 to 106 mm/hour for the 39 events. This range was much greater than the heavy rainfall categorization at 16 mm/hour in previous studies reported in the literature. The bilinear interpolation method for Doppler data is recommended because it detected the greatest number of events and had the longest rain duration and lowest estimated maximum rainfall out of three methods tested, suggesting the method balanced awareness of the weather conditions around the roadway with isolated, localized rain intensities.
6
Chen, Pictiaw, Boaz Zion, and Michael J. McCarthy. Utilization of NMR Technology for Internal Nondestructive Quality Evaluation of Fruits and Vegetables. United States Department of Agriculture, September 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7568778.bard.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Objective: The objective of this research was to investigate the potential use of NMR for evaluating various internal quality factors of fruits and vegetables, leading to the eventual development of practical techniques that are useful for future development of NMR sensors. Summary: Investigation on NMR imaging, one-dimension NMR projection, and single-pulse free-induction-decay (FID) spectrum led to the development of high-speed NMR techniques for real-time sensing of internal quality of selected fruits. NMR imaging can be used for detecting internal defects and various quality factors such as bruises, dry regions, worm damage, stage of ripeness, tissue breakdown, and the presence of voids, seeds, sprouts, and pits. The one-dimension (1-D) image profile technique, in which the 1-D projection of the NMR signal of a selected slice of the intact fruit is recorded, is suitable for detecting tissue breakdown regions, presence of pits, and other defects in fruits. The oil and sugar content of fruits can be determined from the single-pulse FID spectrum measurement, in which a surface coil is used to acquire the FID spectrum and the ratio of the resonance peaks is used as the quality index. The latter two techniques are suitable for high-speed sorting of fruits. The most important accomplishment is the successful development of high-speed NMR techniques for determining internal quality of fruits while they are moving at speed up to 30 cm/s. This accomplishment is an important step toward the development of NMR techniques for on-line sorting of fruits and vegetables.
7
Tymoshyk, Mykola. LONDON MAGAZINE «LIBERATION WAY» AND ITS PLACE IN THE HISTORY OF UKRAINIAN JOURNALISM ABROAD. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.49.11057.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
One of the leading Western Ukrainian diaspora journals – London «Liberation Way», founded in January 1949, has become the subject of the study for the first time in journalism. Archival documents and materials of the Ukrainian Publishing Union in London and the British National Library (British Library) were also observed. The peculiarities of the magazine’s formation and the specifics of the editorial policy, founders and publishers are clarified. A group of OUN members who survived Hitler’s concentration camps and ended up in Great Britain after the end of World War II initiated the foundation of the magazine. Until April 1951, including issue 42, the Board of Foreign Parts of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists were the publishers of the magazine. From 1951 to the beginning of 2000 it was a socio-political monthly of the Ukrainian Publishing Union. From the mid-60’s of the twentieth century – a socio-political and scientific-literary monthly. In analyzing the programmatic principles of the magazine, the most acute issues of the Ukrainian national liberation movement, which have long separated the forces of Ukrainian emigration and from which the founders and publishers of the magazine from the beginning had clearly defined positions, namely: ideology of Ukrainian nationalism, the idea of unity of Ukraine and Ukrainians, internal inter-party struggle among Ukrainian emigrants have been singled out. The review and systematization of the thematic palette of the magazine’s publications makes it possible to distinguish the following main semantic accents: the formation of the nationalist movement in exile; historical Ukrainian themes; the situation in sub-Soviet Ukraine; the problem of the unity of Ukrainians in the Western diaspora; mission and tasks of Ukrainian emigration in the context of its responsibilities to the Motherland. It also particularizes the peculiarities of the formation of the author’s assets of the magazine and its place in the history of Ukrainian national journalism.
8
Tidd, Alexander N., Richard A. Ayers, Grant P. Course, and Guy R. Pasco. Scottish Inshore Fisheries Integrated Data System (SIFIDS): work package 6 final report development of a pilot relational data resource for the collation and interpretation of inshore fisheries data. Edited by Mark James and Hannah Ladd-Jones. Marine Alliance for Science and Technology for Scotland (MASTS), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15664/10023.23452.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
[Extract from Executive Summary] The competition for space from competing sectors in the coastal waters of Scotland has never been greater and thus there is a growing a need for interactive seascape planning tools that encompass all marine activities. Similarly, the need to gather data to inform decision makers, especially in the fishing industry, has become essential to provide advice on the economic impact on fishing fleets both in terms of alternative conservation measures (e.g. effort limitations, temporal and spatial closures) as well as the overlap with other activities, thereby allowing stakeholders to derive a preferred option. The SIFIDS project was conceived to allow the different relevant data sources to be identified and to allow these data to be collated in one place, rather than as isolated data sets with multiple data owners. The online interactive tool developed as part of the project (Work Package 6) brought together relevant data sets and developed data storage facilities and a user interface to allow various types of user to view and interrogate the data. Some of these data sets were obtained as static layers which could sit as background data e.g. substrate type, UK fishing limits; whilst other data came directly from electronic monitoring systems developed as part of the SIFIDS project. The main non-static data source was Work Package 2, which was collecting data from a sample of volunteer inshore fishing vessels (<12m). This included data on location; time; vessel speed; count, time and position of deployment of strings of creels (or as fleets and pots as they are also known respectively); and a count of how many creels were hauled on these strings. The interactive online tool allowed all the above data to be collated in a specially designed database and displayed in near real time on the web-based application.
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Grumet, Rebecca, and Benjamin Raccah. Identification of Potyviral Domains Controlling Systemic Infection, Host Range and Aphid Transmission. United States Department of Agriculture, July 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7695842.bard.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Potyviruses form one of the largest and most economically important groups of plant viruses. Individual potyviruses and their isolates vary in symptom expression, host range, and ability to overcome host resistance genes. Understanding factors influencing these biological characteristics is of agricultural importance for epidemiology and deployment of resistance strategies. Cucurbit crops are subject to severe losses by several potyviruses including the highly aggressive and variable zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV). In this project we sought to investigate protein domains in ZYMV that influence systemic infection and host range. Particular emphasis was on coat protein (CP), because of known functions in both cell to cell and long distance movement, and helper component-protease (HC-Pro), which has been implicated to play a role in symptom development and long distance movement. These two genes are also essential for aphid mediated transmission, and domains that influence disease development may also influence transmissibility. The objectives of the approved BARD project were to test roles of specific domains in the CP and HC-Pro by making sequence alterations or switches between different isolates and viruses, and testing for infectivity, host range, and aphid transmissibility. These objectives were largely achieved as described below. Finally, we also initiated new research to identify host factors interacting with potyviral proteins and demonstrated interaction between the ZYMV RNA dependent RNA polymerase and host poly-(A)-binding protein (Wang et al., in press). The focus of the CP studies (MSU) was to investigate the role of the highly variable amino terminus (NT) in host range determination and systemic infection. Hybrid ZYMV infectious clones were produced by substituting the CP-NT of ZYMV with either the CP-NT from watermelon mosaic virus (overlapping, but broader host range) or tobacco etch virus (TEV) (non- overlapping host range) (Grumet et al., 2000; Ullah ct al., in prep). Although both hybrid viruses initially established systemic infection, indicating that even the non-cucurbit adapted TEV CP-NT could facilitate long distance transport in cucurbits, after approximately 4-6, the plants inoculated with the TEV-CPNT hybrid exhibited a distinct recovery of reduced symptoms, virus titer, and virus specific protection against secondary infection. These results suggest that the plant recognizes the presence of the TEV CP-NT, which has not been adapted to infection of cucurbits, and initiates defense responses. The CP-NT also appears to play a role in naturally occurring resistance conferred by the zym locus in the cucumber line 'Dina-1'. Patterns of virus accumulation indicated that expression of resistance is developmentally controlled and is due to a block in virus movement. Switches between the core and NT domains of ZYMV-NAA (does not cause veinal chlorosis on 'Dina-1'), and ZYMV-Ct (causes veinal chlorosis), indicated that the resistance response likely involves interaction with the CP-NT (Ullah and Grumet, submitted). At the Volcani Center the main thrust was to identify domains in the HC-Pro that affect symptom expression or aphid transmissibility. From the data reported in the first and second year report and in the attached publications (Peng et al. 1998; Kadouri et al. 1998; Raccah et al. 2000: it was shown that: 1. The mutation from PTK to PAK resulted in milder symptoms of the virus on squash, 2. Two mutations, PAK and ATK, resulted in total loss of helper activity, 3. It was established for the first time that the PTK domain is involved in binding of the HC-Pro to the potyvirus particle, and 4. Some of these experiments required greater amount of HC-Pro, therefore a simpler and more efficient purification method was developed based on Ni2+ resin.
10
Al-Qadi, Imad, Egemen Okte, Aravind Ramakrishnan, Qingwen Zhou, and Watheq Sayeh. Truck-Platoonable Pavement Sections in Illinois’ Network. Illinois Center for Transportation, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-002.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Truck platooning has many benefits over traditional truck mobility. Literature shows that platooning improves safety and reduces fuel consumption between 5% and 15% based on platoon configuration. In Illinois, trucks carry more than 50% of freight tonnage and constitute 25% of the traffic on interstates. Deployment of truck platooning within interstate highways would result in significant fuel savings, but may have a direct impact on flexible pavement performance. The channelization of the platoon and reduced rest time between consecutive loads would accelerate the damage accumulation at the channelized position. Ultimately, this would lead to pavement service life reduction and a subsequent increase in maintenance and rehabilitation costs. Therefore, the main objective of this project is to quantify the effects of platooning on flexible pavements and provide guidelines for the state of Illinois by considering the aforementioned factors. Although the benefits of platooning are quantifiable, not every truck route is platoonable. For efficient platooning, trucks need to travel at a constant high speed for extended distances. The integrity of the platoon should be preserved because interfering vehicles would compromise the platooning benefits and road safety. An introduced high-level approach considers the volume/capacity of a roadway and the expected number of highway exit and entry conflicts. Using these parameters, each roadway section is assigned a level of platoonability, ranging from one to five—with five being the highest. A framework was developed to analyze the Illinois highway network. It was found that 89% of the network highway is platoonable under average capacity conditions.