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Historically the interaction between Bhutan and China was through Tibet. The annexation of Tibet by China and the later uprising in Tibet instilled a sense of fear in Bhutan causing it to close its northern border in 1960. However, Bhutan adopted a more open policy in the 1970s gradually increasing the contacts between the two neighbours. Border talks which started in 1984 resulted in an agreement in 1998 on maintaining peace and tranquility along border areas. While China and Bhutan neither have diplomatic relations nor any legal trade, growing Chinese interests in South Asia encompass Bhutan as well. Bhutan, therefore, faces the dilemma of not hurting the interests and sentiments of its traditional friend India while at the same time needing to respond to Chinese overtures and to solve the border problem peacefully and urgently; in the Sino-Bhutanese relationship, the Indian element remains the most important variable. The dynamics of the Sino-Indian relationship and Indian and Chinese strategic interests and activities in the Himalayas will be crucial in shaping Bhutan’s policies towards China.
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Verisova, Anna D. "The Tibet Issue in China–United States Relations, 2009−2012." Vestnik of Northern (Arctic) Federal University. Series Humanitarian and Social Sciences 22, no. 5 (December 15, 2022): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.37482/2687-1505-v221.
The paper analyses the Sino-American contacts of 2009–2012 on the Tibet issue, which had occupied an important place in China–US relations since the 1980s. With Barack Obama moving into the White House, the US adopted a softer policy aimed at strengthening the relations with China. However, the Tibet issue remained a source of conflict and disagreement between Beijing and Washington. US leaders believed that China was pursuing a tough policy towards the peoples of Tibet and suggested some ways to settle the issue. Beijing, in its turn, saw this as an interference in China’s internal affairs. Having examined the works of Russian and foreign researchers, the author comes to the conclusion that for the United States the issue of human rights in Tibet was not of strategic importance, but, primarily, an opportunity to discredit China on the international arena, as any decision taken by the country would be deemed insufficient. Understanding this, Beijing reacted quite sharply to Washington’s comments, closing the door to further discussion. The paper’s chronological framework spans from the beginning of Barack Obama’s (2009) to the end of Hu Jintao’s (2012) term in office. The author turns to various sources in English and Chinese, which gives the article a significant element of novelty.
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McGranahan, Carole, and Elliot Sperling. "Introduction: Tibet, India, and China." India Review 7, no. 3 (August 29, 2008): 161–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14736480802261368.
Zhai, Qiang. "Tibet and Chinese-British-American Relations in the Early 1950s." Journal of Cold War Studies 8, no. 3 (July 2006): 34–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jcws.2006.8.3.34.
The leaders of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) who seized power in Beijing in 1949 viewed Tibet as Chinese territory. In this respect, they were no different from previous rulers of China. The chairman of the CCP, Mao Zedong, carefully devised a plan to re-annex Tibet, which had been effectively independent of China since 1911. The CCP's recent victory in the Chinese civil war gave Mao high confidence that he could reclaim Tibet without provoking outside intervention. Such a move not only would bring international political benefits but would also carry a symbolic meaning at home and thereby legitimize the rule of the CCP. Although Mao sent troops to Tibet, he also planned to rely on negotiations and coercive diplomacy. This article highlights the complicated relationships that emerged on the international scene as a result of China's actions in the early 1950s.
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Thejalhoukho. "The Sikkim–Tibet Convention of 1890 and the Younghusband Mission of 1904." China Report 57, no. 4 (October 14, 2021): 451–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00094455211047078.
The controversy surrounding the Simla Conference of 1913–1914 and the legality of the McMahon line, which was produced by the Conference, has been at the centre of the boundary dispute between India and China. Amidst the diverging opinions amongst scholars and political commentators, the main issue rest on the unresolved question of Tibet’s political status. Was Lhasa authorised to sign treaties for Tibet? Was China the sovereign over Tibet? The answers to such questions are murky and complicated, made more so by the politics and conflicts in the post colonial period. This study attempts to highlight the complicated nature of political authority in Tibet through a study of British policy in Tibet towards the end of 19th and early 20th centuries. The signing of the 1890 Convention with China and the 1904 Convention with Tibet represents two extremes in British foreign policy which attest to the confounding situation presented before the British and the diverging opinions within the British official circles. The period between these two conventions provides a glimpse of the historical background in which the relations between British India, China and Tibet developed subsequently.
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Yang, Yun-yuan. "Controversies over Tibet: China versus India,1947-49." China Quarterly 111 (September 1987): 407–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741000050979.
To the present Beijing Government, Tibet constitutes an integral part of China, officially known as the Tibetan Autonomous Region. The 20th anniversary of its founding was celebrated on 1 September 1985. However, to the 14th Dalai Lama (the former spiritual and temporal leader of Tibet), who has been living in exile in India since 1959, and to thousands of Tibetans living as refugees in India and other parts of the world, the current status of Tibet is open to contention, and as such remains an unresolved issue.
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McMahon, Robert J. "U.S. Policy toward South Asia and Tibet during the Early Cold War." Journal of Cold War Studies 8, no. 3 (July 2006): 131–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jcws.2006.8.3.131.
Events in South Asia in the 1950s and early 1960s had a long-term impact on the Cold War and on relations among the countries involved—China, India, Pakistan, the United States, and the Soviet Union. This article provides an overview of U.S. relations with South Asian countries during the early Cold War. It highlights the connections between U.S. policy priorities and commitments in South Asia on the one hand and developments in Tibet on the other. The article considers how U.S. policy priorities and actions in South Asia shaped, and were shaped by, China's reassertion of control over Tibet in the early 1950s and by the frictions that emerged between India and China in 1959 as a result of Beijing's brutal crackdown in Tibet.
This article argues that the intensity of Sino-Nepal relations over the past decade has witnessed a lack of consistency, attributable to shifting political conditions in Nepal. From 2000 to 2010, Nepal has experienced different political systems such as constitutional monarchy, absolute monarchy and currently a republican framework. However, Nepal’s espousal of the ‘one China’ policy, particularly as it concerns Tibet, has been steady and enduring, as has the logic that Sino-Nepal relations are not strictly ‘bilateral’ in nature but also potentially serve as a channel for Nepal to connect to a wider canvas including Central Asia, Southeast Asia and East Asia. It is also argued that to a large extent, Sino-Nepal relations are poised to be significantly affected by an evolving China–Nepal–India triangular relationship on account of Nepal’s geographic position. Effective consolidation of this triangular relationship is vital to ensure political stability in Nepal and therefore security for both China and India.
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Lau, Hon-Shiang. "The Political Status of Tibet During the Ming Dynasty: An Analysis of Some Historical Evidence." China Report 55, no. 2 (May 2019): 154–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0009445519834701.
This study analyses two authoritative texts and a map from the Ming and Qing eras to examine the political relationship between China and Tibet in the Ming period. It finds that in these documents Tibet was not classified as being a part of the realm governed by the Ming Empire. This casts doubt on the claim advanced by the People’s Republic of China that Tibet has been a part of China ‘since antiquity’. An important conclusion of this study is that, when taking recourse to historical texts to justify or refute territorial claims, the structure and content of the text as a whole, and not just isolated phrases or formulations, should be taken into account.
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Jian, Chen. "The Tibetan Rebellion of 1959 and China's Changing Relations with India and the Soviet Union." Journal of Cold War Studies 8, no. 3 (July 2006): 54–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jcws.2006.8.3.54.
Tibet, which had enjoyed de facto independence from 1911 to 1950, was resubordinated to China in late 1950 and 1951 through a combination of political pressure and military force. On 10 March 1959 a mass revolt broke out in Lhasa, the capital of Tibet. Amid growing turmoil, the 14th Dalai Lama fled the capital. After Chinese troops moved into Lhasa on 20 March to crush the rebellion, the Tibetan leader took refuge in neighboring India. The Chinese People's Liberation Army quelled the unrest and disbanded the local government. This article looks back at those events in order to determine how the rebellion was perceived in China and what effect it had on relations with India.
Дисертації з теми "Tibet (China) Relations China":
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Askew, Joseph. "The status of Tibet in the diplomacy of China, Britain, the United States and India, 1911-1959." Online version, 2002. http://bibpurl.oclc.org/web/25604.
Askew, Joseph Benjamin. "The status of Tibet in the diplomacy of China, Britain, the United States and India, 1911-1959." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2002. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09pha8356.pdf.
"June 2002" Bibliography: leaves 229-270. This thesis examines the changes in diplomacy of China, the West, Tibet and India from 1911 to 1951, while Tibet functioned as an independent country, and during 1951 to 1959 while under Chinese control. Tibet maintained its own currency, government, armed forces and way of life until 1959. The thesis also examines the cultural shifts in the political, social and military spheres in these countries. It assumes that the general world trend in political life has been towards increasingly intolerant and extreme politics. If Tibet remains part of China with little chance of resuming independence, it is because the Chinese government and people were quicker to adopt radical Western philosophies than the Tibetans were.
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李穎儀 and Wing-yee Winnie Li. "Fiscal decentralization and economic development in China: a comparative study of Guangdong province and Tibetautonomous region, 1989-2000." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B26827712.
Wu, Chen. "Analyzing the portrayal of the desired national identity of the Tibetan ethnicity in China's propaganda." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2011. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1219.
Chen, Yunzhu. "The Revival of "Visiting Marriage"--Family Change and Intergenerational Relations among Matrilineal Tibetans in Southwestern China." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1544207449090513.
Wang, Jing. "Growing Old with Daughters: Aging, Care, and Change in the Matrilocal Family System in Rural Tibet." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case152848984716511.
Kamm, Rene. "The Sino-Tibetan Dialogue: Talk Shop or Path to Resolution?" Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1340040517.
Mička, Dalibor. "Historicko-politické faktory ovlivňující vztahy mezi Indií a Čínou." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-114236.
The objective of this thesis is to provide the reader with an overview of the most important factors that have influenced the development of the India-China relations. The oldest period of mutual interaction is treated, as well as the most important Sino-Indian disputes and their impact on mutual relations. Attention is also drawn to the contemporary development in the Sino-Indian relations, marked by both lingering problems and attempts at cooperation.
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Ding, Yunxian. "Allegories of Tibet /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6157.
Lorsqu'en 1950 la République populaire de Chine envahit le Tibet, pays indépendant de facto depuis 1911, la communauté internationale n'émet que de timides protestations. Quel est son rôle et son action, bien souvnt caractérisés par l'ambiguité, dans un conflit qui plonge ses raciens au cœur du XIXe siècle? Peut-on affirmer que le Tibet, au nom d'intérêts politiques et stratégiques qui le dépassent est un pays sacrifié pour la communauté internationale ? Victime du jeu des puissances, le pays des neiges se retrouve isolé en 1950 face à la république populaire de Chine. L'Inde, la Grande-Bretagne et les Etats-Unis assistent en toute connaissance de cause à la disparition d'un Eatta souverain. La cohabitation entre la Chine communsite et le Tibet prend brutalement fin en 1959 avec la fuite du dalaï-lama en Inde. Bien que celle-ci soit devenue le refuge de milliers de Tibétains fuyant leur pays, Nehru fait le choix de sacrifier le Tibet au nom de l'amitié sino-indienne. Le toit du monde se retrouve alors au cœur de al grande croisade menée par Washington et ses alliés contre le communisme. Cette période, caractérisée par le double langage et l'ambiguité, prend fin en 1971, lorsque l'administration de Nixon décide de se rapprocher de Pékin. La fermeture du pays pendant la révolution culturelle aidant, l'opinion, d'abord émue par le sort du Pays des neiges, finit par se désintéresser de son sort et le laisse sombrer dans l'oubli.
Liu, Xielin, Taishan Gao, and Xi Wang. "Tibet." In Regional Innovation Index of China: 2017, 243–44. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1205-2_30.
Van Wie Davis, Elizabeth. "Tibet Question." In Ruling, Resources and Religion in China, 74–93. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137033840_5.
Hunter, Alan, and John Sexton. "China’s International Relations." In Contemporary China, 176–99. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-27441-3_8.
Liu, Mingwei. "China." In Comparative Employment Relations in the Global Economy, 470–501. Second edition. | Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routedge, 2020.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315544793-23.
Hung-Baesecke, Chun-Ju Flora, and Yi-Ru Regina Chen. "China." In Asian Perspectives on the Development of Public Relations, 20–33. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137398154_3.
Lahtinen, Anja. "China–Africa Relations." In China’s Diplomacy and Economic Activities in Africa, 1–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69353-8_1.
Wang, Huiyao. "China-EU Relations." In China and Globalization, 139–56. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-9253-6_8.
Chawla, Shalini. "China–Pakistan Relations." In Routledge Handbook on South Asian Foreign Policy, 298–312. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429054808-24.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Tibet (China) Relations China":
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Qian, Xuming. "Cyberspace Security and U.S.-China Relations." In AICS 2019: 2019 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Computer Science. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3349341.3349495.
Wang, Zhihua, and Jietang Lu. "Satellite monitoring of the Yigong landslide in Tibet, China." In International Symposium on Optical Science and Technology, edited by William L. Barnes. SPIE, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.453739.
LIU, Dong, and Mengjia Xu. "Dynamic Changes of the Alpine Wetlands in Tibet, China." In IGARSS 2018 - 2018 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2018.8518876.
Rahmadini, Anggia, and Citra Hennida. "National Identity Analysis and Foreign Policy China Aggressive Stance in South China Sea under Xi Jinping." In Airlangga Conference on International Relations. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0010278404340440.
Naixing Liang, Wuyi Feng, Yuanwen Cao, and Yi Zhao. "Study on graded gravel basement in Tibet." In 5th Advanced Forum on Transportation of China (AFTC 2009). IET, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp.2009.1627.
ARAI, TOMIHIRO, KALYAN CHAKRABORTY, and SHIGERU KANEMITSU. "ON MODULAR RELATIONS." In The 7th China–Japan Seminar on Number Theory. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814644938_0001.
Chen, Jinling, and Zhongyi Bao. "History of Russia China Foreign Trade Relations." In 2022 3rd International Conference on Language, Art and Cultural Exchange（ICLACE 2022). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.220706.015.
Hendler, Bruno. "The Philippines-China Asymmetric Relations and Possible Scenarios in The South China Sea." In Unhas International Conference on Social and Political Science (UICoSP 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/uicosp-17.2017.31.
Wu*, Jing, Zhongjie Zhang, Fansheng Kong, Bin B. Yang, Youqiang Yu, Kelly H. Liu, and Stephen S. Gao. "Complex seismic anisotropy beneath western Tibet and its geodynamic implications." In International Geophysical Conference, Qingdao, China, 17-20 April 2017. Society of Exploration Geophysicists and Chinese Petroleum Society, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/igc2017-342.
Звіти організацій з теми "Tibet (China) Relations China":
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Baker, Carl. China-Philippines Relations: Cautious Cooperation. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada627494.
Mingtao, Z., Q. Yachuan, Y. Chengqun, and L. Gaoshe. Management of Resources for Development of Quxu County, Tibet, China. Kathmandu, Nepal: International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.53055/icimod.61.
Mingtao, Z., Q. Yachuan, Y. Chengqun, and L. Gaoshe. Management of Resources for Development of Quxu County, Tibet, China. Kathmandu, Nepal: International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.53055/icimod.61.
Nawawi, Ahmad H. M. China-Asean Future Relations-An Analysis. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada432723.
Nacht, M., S. Laderman, and J. Beeston. Strategic Competition in China-US Relations. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1635777.
Roy, Denny. China-Japan Relations: Cooperation Amidst Antagonism. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada627502.
Henderson, James, and Tatiana Mitrova. Energy Relations between Russia and China. Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, August 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.26889/9781784670641.
Caliendo, Lorenzo, and Fernando Parro. Lessons from U.S.-China Trade Relations. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w30335.
Bellacqua, James. The China Factor in U.S.-Vietnam Relations. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada560712.
Kondapalli, Srikanth. India, China relations threaten to freeze over. Edited by Reece Hooker. Monash University, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54377/cab1-dfd3.
