Готові списки джерел за темами / Thermal power plants - Air pollution

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Thermal power plants - Air pollution"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 6 вересня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Thermal power plants - Air pollution"

1

Daulbayeva, Almira. "DISTRIBUTION OF CARBON MONIXIDE IN ALMATY CITY DEPENDING ON THE DISTANCE FROM THERMAL POWER PLANTS - 2." Journal Scientific and Applied Research 8, no. 1 (November 14, 2015): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.46687/jsar.v8i1.175.

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In recent years, according to experts, the emissions change clearly shows that urban air pollution has increased as a whole, as opposed to an overall emissions reduction in countries. In hundreds of cities of the world average air pollution levels exceed the sanitary standards. So in Almaty city thermal power plants are the largest stationary sources that contribute to air pollution. The article deals with laws of modern spatial and temporal distribution of carbon monoxide in the air basin of Almaty city, depending on the distance from TPP – 2 (thermal power plants). In particular, research shows that there is a direct relationship between the level of air pollution and wind conditions of the city.
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2

Ngoc Vu, Khue Hoang, Hang Thi Thuy Nguyen, Tam Thoai Nguyen, and Bang Quoc Ho. "Application TAPM-AERMOD system model to study impacts of thermal power plants in SouthEast and SouthWest areas to the air quality of HCMC: current status and according to Vietnam power planning VII toward 2030." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 964, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/964/1/012024.

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Abstract Vietnam’s urban areas have faced serious environmental pollution issues, including water pollution, municipal waste, and air pollution. Vietnam’s real gross domestic product (GDP) has been experiencing positive growth for the past five years since 2016. And in 2019, Vietnam’s real GDP increased by 7.02% compared to the previous year. To maintain the growth rate, there is a huge amount of electricity required, not accounting for the other sectors. Thermal power plants generate more than 50% of total electricity in Vietnam, therefore, it is said that coal-fired power plants have been the major sources of air emissions and caused a serious impact on the environment. Recently air pollution is a hot issue in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), the air quality is being polluted by PM2.5, O3, CO, NO2, and TSP. Despite that, the neighboring areas of the city will install more coal-fired power plants, threatening to degrade the quality of the environment. Therefore, the objectives of this study are (i) Modeling the impacts of thermal power plants in SouthEast and SouthWest areas on the air quality of HCMC for two scenarios (current status in 2019 and future according to Power planning VII (adjusted) toward 2030); And (ii) Develop interprovincial air quality protection solutions. The research applied the TAPM model for meteorological modeling and AERMOD model for air pollution dispersion. The annual average PM2.5 concentration in the study area was approximately 0.121 μg/m3 and the highest concentration at a location close to Vinh Tan thermal power center with 8.61 μg/m3. NO2 the annual average concentration from power plants in 2020 and 2030 blows to HCMC and contributes to HCMC’ air quality only 0.01 and 0.03 μg/m3, respectively. The 24 hours average concentration of SO2 from power plants in 2030 blows to HCMC and contributes to HCMC’ air quality of 10 μg/m3. The 24 hours average SO2 levels of HCMC in 2030 is 39.2 μg/m3, higher than WHO’s guideline (20 μg/m3). Currently, air pollution in HCMC is polluted by PM2.5, SO2, and NO2 and cause bad effect to public health. However, in the future with the contribution of 33 thermal power plants under intercity/provinces air pollution dispersion, air pollution HCMC will be worse and affect public health. Air pollution HCMC will be a huge impact on HCMC’s public health in the future due to the contribution of 33 thermal power plants under intercity/provinces air pollution dispersion. The paper developed 7 main mitigation measures to reduce the impacts of air pollution from the power plan and reduce the impacts of air pollution on HCM’s public health. The measures are focused on using clean fuel, advanced technology, and controlling trans-provincial air pollution.
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3

Issakhov, Alibek, and Aiymzhan R. Baitureyeva. "Numerical modelling of a passive scalar transport from thermal power plants to air environment." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 10, no. 10 (October 2018): 168781401879954. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814018799544.

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Анотація:
The number of thermal power plants is growing due to the industry development and the growth of energy consumption. This leads to an increase in harmful emissions in the atmosphere. There is a necessity to control the emission concentration level in the areas of power plants location. The aim of this work was to study the level of pollution concentration at different distances from the source. The mathematical model and the numerical algorithm were verified by solving test problems and comparing them with the experimental data and numerical results of other authors. Furthermore, the pollution distribution in three-dimensional case was investigated in a real physical scale. CO2 was considered as polluting gas. As a real example, the Ekibastuz SDPP-1 coal-fired thermal power plant was simulated. The remarkable feature of this thermal power plant is that the pollution emits from two chimneys of different heights (330 and 300 m). The results showed that due to the difference between chimney heights (30 m), the pollution concentration from the higher chimney dropped far away from source, than from the lower one (2160 and 1970 m, respectively). Obviously, building higher chimneys helps to reduce the harmful impact of emissions on the environment. Also, it can be used to control the emissions level at already existing power plants.
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4

Chatterjee, S., A. Rai, and S. Hazra. "Environmental Stress and Health Vulnerability Assessment around Kolaghat Thermal Power Plant, West Bengal." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1164, no. 1 (April 1, 2023): 012012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1164/1/012012.

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Abstract One of the 17 types of severely polluting sectors in the nation is thermal power plants which exert pressure upon the environment and health aspects in several ways e.g. creating thermal, air, and water pollution, exacerbating physiological acute and chronic responses, and affecting the subjective wellbeing of an individual residing proximal to the source. Situated on the right bank of the Rupnarayan river, Kolaghat thermal power plant is one of the major power generating plants of West Bengal, which is also producing 7500-8000 metric tons of fly ash every day but having only 325 acres of land for its disposal. Hence the plant has been exerting pressure upon the surrounding environment since its establishment and growth between 1980-1985. This study is to evaluate the overall impact of thermal power plants on the local environment and public health using a composite index that incorporates environmental and health dimensions i.e. Air quality index, drinking water quality index, land surface temperature, social parameters, Non–communicable disease rate, etc. The study reveals the local-level impact of air pollution and the impact of fly ash emissions. Nandakumar, Tamluk, and Kolaghat have been identified as blocks under stress. The workers of the plant have reported undesirable thermal and ambient air quality conditions within the battery limit, with the prevalence of skin problems, allergies, and fatigue among them. Site-specific plantation and phytoremediation techniques with the use of riparian buffers have been recommended.
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5

Fricker, H. W. "Regenerative thermal storage in atmospheric air system solar power plants." Energy 29, no. 5-6 (April 2004): 871–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0360-5442(03)00192-0.

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6

Bera, Tuhin, and Nirmal Kumar Mahapatra. "Ranking of thermal power plants focusing on air pollution: A Neutrosophic assessment." Journal of Cleaner Production 316 (September 2021): 128250. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.128250.

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7

Georgakellos, Dimitrios A. "External cost of air pollution from thermal power plants: case of Greece." International Journal of Energy Sector Management 1, no. 3 (April 3, 2007): 257–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17506220710821134.

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8

Pan, Chun Hui, Li Jing Diao, Huan Yun Wang, and Miao Miao Fu. "Application of Antiwear Pipelines in Thermal Power Plants." Advanced Materials Research 717 (July 2013): 325–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.717.325.

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Анотація:
Coal powder pipelines are vulnerable to abrasion, resulting in a great waste of metal materials, manpower and funds as well as serious environmental pollution, Which is a common and chronic problem in thermal power plants. After analysis of the action mechanism and performance of the anti-wear materials, this paper provides a reference for the technological transformation of thermal power plants.
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9

Obodovych, O. M., V. V. Sydorenko, Y. V. Bulii, and O. E. Stepanova. "WASTEWATER TREATMENT OF THERMAL POWER PLANTS (TPP)." Thermophysics and Thermal Power Engineering 49, no. 2 (June 11, 2023): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.31472/ttpe.2.2023.8.

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Анотація:
An analysis of TPP wastewater, as well as technologies and equipment for their treatment, for choosing a rational mode and determining the maximum permissible concentrations of harmful substances characteristic of the energy industry before discharge into reservoirs was carried out. The compositions of the listed effluents are different and are determined by the type of thermal power plants (TPP) and the main equipment, its capacity, type of fuel, composition of the source water, method of water treatment, etc. For example, water after cooling turbine condensers and air coolers usually carries so-called thermal pollution, since its temperature is 8...10 ºС higher than the temperature of water in the water source. In some cases, cooling water can introduce foreign substances into natural reservoirs. In order to reduce the level of soil and groundwater pollution, local wastewater treatment facilities were constructed at thermal power stations. The second method is the collection of waste water in specially created containers with subsequent purification using sedimentation tanks and filters, which have anthracite or activated carbon as a filter material. TPP waste water is diverse and the chemical composition of each of the effluents is different. Wastewater treatment technology is complex and multi-stage and requires a large amount of various equipment. The ITTF of the National Academy of Sciences has developed a multi-purpose rotor-type aeration and oxidation plant (AORT), which works according to the method of discrete-pulse energy input (DPEI). This installation makes it possible to speed up the rate of heat and mass exchange of chemical reactions in water and water systems by 25-30 %. It makes it possible to reduce the duration of cleaning processes, reduce energy consumption by 2-3 times and consumption of reagents by 20-25 %. The AORT installation is used to clean sewage from iron, manganese, hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, sulfates, and nitrates.
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Gupta, Aman Kumar. "EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTION ON AGRICULTURE." INWASCON Technology Magazine 4 (2022): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/itechmag.04.2022.28.

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Анотація:
In India, the problem of air pollutions increases due to boosting in size of population, industrialization, and urbanization in the last few decades. Thermal power plants and transport sector is the biggest contributor to air pollution in the country. In 1980, National Crop Loss Assessment Programme (NCLAN) was established for assessing current economic losses in agriculture by air pollution. Air pollutants are present in the forms of gases, p articles in suspension, different ionizing radiation in atmosphere and they cause directly or indirectly effects on agriculture crops as well as effects on animals and humans also. Reductions in leaf area,biomass, chlorophyll, ascorbic acid, and N contents have often been observed for the crop species growing in a polluted area. Black carbon directly absorbs sunlight, reduces the amount of light for photosynthesis and caused more damage to the crops and reduce the yields of the crops.
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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Thermal power plants - Air pollution"

1

Dolek, Emre. "Comparison Of Iscst3 And Aermod Air Dispersion Models: Case Study Of Cayirhan Thermal Power Plant." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12609207/index.pdf.

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In this study, emission inventory was prepared and pollutant dispersion studies were carried out for the area around Ç
ayirhan Thermal Power Plant to determine the effects of the plant on the environment. Stack gas measurement results were used for the emissions from the power plant and emission factors were used for calculating the emissions from residential sources and coal stockpiles in the study region. Ground level concentrations of SO2, NOx and PM10 were estimated by using EPA approved dispersion models
namely ISCST3 and AERMOD. The ground level concentrations predicted by two models were compared with the results of ambient air pollution measurements for November 2004. Predictions of both ISCST3 and AERMOD were underestimating the ground level SO2 concentrations. However, AERMOD predictions are better than ISCST3 predictions. The results of both models had good correlation with the results of NOx measurements. It has been shown that the contribution of the power plant to SO2, NOx and PM10 pollution in the area studied is minimal.
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2

Rahman, Mizanur Winai Nutmagul. "A study of the health impact of air pollution from the Mae Moh thermal power plant in Thailand /." Abstract, 2004. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2547/cd372/4537417.pdf.

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3

Ham, Cécile. "Les émissions dans l'air et dans l'eau des centrales thermiques littorales et la protection de l'environnement - Approche de droit comparé France-Chine." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASH003.

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Анотація:
Le droit applicable aux centrales thermiques implique de nombreux enjeux environnementaux. Si la pollution atmosphérique et le changement climatique sont les plus cités, la pollution de l’eau fait également partie de ceux-ci. La protection de l’environnement, que ce soit en droit français ou en droit chinois, se réalise de différentes façons en fonction de l’étape de la vie de la centrale mais aussi du milieu qui cherche à être protégé. Si les similitudes entre le droit français et le droit chinois sont nombreuses, des différences existent également.Dans le cas de la construction future de ces centrales, de manière générale, ou d’un projet précis d’une centrale, la façon de protéger l’environnement a connu d’importants changements ces dernières années. Si le niveau de protection est aujourd’hui encore largement local, il tend à devenir de plus en plus global en prenant en compte un nombre croissant d’éléments durant la phase de réflexion du projet. Dans le cas des émissions quotidiennes dans l’air et dans l’eau des centrales thermiques en fonctionnement, un certain niveau de protection de l’environnement est assuré en les limitant. La limitation passe principalement par la fixation de seuils qui forment le socle fondamental de cette protection quotidienne et sont complétés par d’autres outils juridiques. Enfin, cette protection de l’environnement passe par la vigilance par le biais du système de la surveillance des émissions mais aussi par l’anticipation liée à l’éventuel dysfonctionnement de la centrale et la période post-fonctionnement de celle-ci
Applicable law to thermal power plants involves many environmental issues. If air pollution and climate change are the most well-known issues, water pollution is also one of them. Environmental protection, whether in French or Chinese law, is achieved in different ways depending on the stage of the plant’s life but also on the environment that seeks to be protected. If they are many similarities between French law and Chinese law, many differences also exist.In the case of the future construction of these plants in general, or of a specific plant project, the way of protecting the environment has undergone significant changes in recent years. If the level of protection is still largely local nowadays, it tends to become more and more global by taking increasing amount of elements when the power plant project is carried out. In the case of daily air and water emissions from thermal power plants in operation, some environmental protection is ensured by limiting them. The limitation mainly involves the setting of emission limits which try to be gradually lowered. These form the fundamental foundation of this daily protection and are complemented by other legal tools. Finally, this protection of the environment requires vigilance through the emissions monitoring system but also through anticipation linked to the possible malfunction of the power plant and the post-operation period of it
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4

Van, Greunen Larey-Marié. "Selection of air pollution control technologies for power plants, gasification and refining processes." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-04112007-111900.

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5

Kretzschmar, Holger. "The Hybrid Pressurized Air Receiver (HPAR) for combined cycle solar thermal power plants." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86377.

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Анотація:
Thesis (MScEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Concentrating solar power technology is a modern power generation technology in which central receiver systems play a significant role. For this technology a field of heliostats is used to reflect solar irradiation to the receiver located on top of the tower. An extensive review has shown that contemporary receiver designs face geometric complexities, lack of thermal efficiency as well as issues with durability and cost. The purpose of this study is to develop a new receiver concept that can potentially reduce these issues. A parametric analysis was used to identify potential means of improvement based on an energy balance approach including sensitivities involved with convection and radiation heat transfer. Design criteria such as the use of headers to minimize pressure drop was also investigated. Based on these findings the hybrid pressurized air receiver was developed which is a combination of tubular and volumetric receiver technologies. The fundamental idea of the receiver was investigated by simulating the ray-tracing and coupled natural convection and radiation heat transfer. The ray-tracing results have shown that the use of quartz glass is a prospective solution to higher allowable flux densities, but with reflection losses in the order of 7 %. The coupled natural convection heat transfer simulation further revealed that the receiver concept effectively eliminates the escape of buoyant plumes and radiative heat losses are minimized. Empirical data was gathered from a medium flux concentrator and good agreement with the numerical results was obtained. The thesis therefore concludes that the research outcomes were met. Ongoing research aims to optimise the receiver concept for a 5MW pilot plant.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Gekonsentreerde sonkrag tegnologie is ’n moderne kragopwekkingstegnologie waar sentrale ontvangersisteme ’n beduidende rol speel. Vir hierdie tegnologie word ’n veld heliostate gebruik om sonstraling na die ontvanger wat aan die bopunt van die toring geleë is te reflekteer. ’n Omvattende hersiening het daarop gewys dat kontemporêre ontwerpe van die ontvangers ’n aantal geometriese kompleksiteite, ’n tekort aan termiese doeltreffendheid sowel as probleme in terme van duursaamheid en koste in die gesig staar. Die doel van die studie is om ’n nuwe ontvangerskonsep te ontwikkel wat moontlik hierdie probleme kan verminder. ’n Parametriese analise is gebruik om potensiële maniere van verbetering aan te dui wat gebaseer is op ’n energiebalans benadering; insluitend sensitiwiteite betrokke by konvektiewe en stralingswarmteoordrag. Ontwerpkriteria soos die gebruik van spruitstukke om drukverliese te minimaliseer is ook ondersoek. Gebaseer op hierdie bevindinge is die hibriede saamgepersde-lug ontvanger ontwikkel. Laasgenoemde is ’n kombinasie van buis- en volumetriese ontvangertegnologie. Die fundamentele idee van die ontvanger is ondersoek deur straalberekening asook die gelyktydige natuurlike konveksie en stralingswarmteoordrag te simuleer. Die straalberekeningsresultate het getoon dat die gebruik van kwarts glas ’n moontlike oplossing is om hoër stralingsintensiteit te bereik, maar met refleksieverliese in die orde van 7 %. Die gelyktydige natuurlike konveksie en stralingswarmteoordrag simulasie het verder aan die lig gebring dat die ontvangerkonsep die ontsnapping
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6

Memon, Ejaz. "Environmental effects of thermal power plant emissions : a case study /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0016/MQ55524.pdf.

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7

Williams, Daniel David. "Cold side thermal energy storage system for improved operation of air cooled power plants." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/78194.

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Анотація:
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2012.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 81-82).
Air cooled power plants experience significant performance fluctuations as plant cooling capacity reduces due to higher daytime temperature than nighttime temperature. The purpose of this thesis is to simulate the detailed operation of a cold side thermal energy storage system in order to evaluate its potential. An organic Rankine cycle geothermal power station is used as an example application. Detailed sizing and operation considerations are discussed. Several representative case studies compare the performance of candidate configurations. Operation of the selected configuration is then simulated for a full year and a proposed integration of the system with existing plant hardware is laid out. A correlation between weather trends and production is outlined. Finally an economic cost/benefit analysis performed to determine the payback period for implementing the proposed system. The cold side TES system is shown to shift substantial power generation capability from nighttime to daytime when electrical demand is highest, especially during hot summer months. For example, daily energy production is shown to increase by up to 18% under particularly favorable conditions. This redistribution of the power generation curve is accomplished with less than a 5% reduction in overall annual energy production in Mega-Watt hours. The system is shown to be more effective at shifting power generation capacity during warmer months than cooler months. The reduced day to night temperature fluctuation during cooler months results in a reduced thermal storage benefit under similar parasitic loads. The economic benefits of this system are dependent upon the on-peak vs off-peak electricity prices. Economic analysis using 2011 transient price data from the U.S. Midwest Region results in a small increase in annual income. The increased income from the proposed cold side TES system is found to be insufficient to outweigh the required capital investment at current electricity prices.
by Daniel David Williams.
S.M.
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8

Bozzolani, Emanuele. "Techno-economic analysis of compressed air energy storage systems." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2010. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/6786.

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The continuous escalation of intermittent energy added to the grid and forecasts of peaking power demand increments are rising the effort spent for evaluating the economic feasibility of energy storages. The aim of this research is the techno-economic analysis of Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) systems, capable of storing large quantities of off-peak electric energy in the form of high-pressure air, as an ―energy stock‖ which allows the production of high-profit on-peak electricity when required by the grid. Several studies of both conventional and innovative adiabatic concepts are carried out in order to identify and improve the parameters that mostly affect the plant performances. Technical models, that consider the effect of time, are developed to evaluate the parameters that reduce the electric energy spent for compressing the air and that maximize the electric energy produced. In the conventional plant, particular attention is put on the understanding of the effects of air storage pressure range, recuperator, reheating and Turbine Inlet Temperature. For the adiabatic instead, a thorough analysis of the challenging Thermal Energy Storage (TES) is performed for understanding the advantages and drawbacks of this novel efficient concept of CAES. In a further step the economic analyses are aimed at evaluating the different configurations proposed in the technical investigation and the effects that variations of generation train and storage characteristics have on the profitability. After an analysis of the TES impact on the profits, a final comparison is carried out against two existing technologies: Pumped Hydro Energy Storage and gas turbine. The results of these studies confirm, from a technical and economic point of view, the reasons of the growing interest toward CAES as a feasible solution to manage the intermittent energy production. In particular they underline the conventional CAES as promising technology to undertake.
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Alvarez-Dalama, Alina 1960. "CALCIUM-SULFITE HEMIHYDRATE CRYSTALLIZATION IN LIQUORS WITH HIGH TOTAL DISSOLVED SOLIDS (GROWTH, SIZE DISTRIBUTION, NUCLEATION, HABIT)." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/275528.

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10

Kroger, Detlev G. "Air-cooled heat exchangers and cooling towers : thermal-flow performance evaluation and design." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49822.

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Анотація:
Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2004.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: During the last 30 years I have been involved in the theory and practice of thermal engineering and in particular, in the areas of air-cooled heat exchangers and cooling towers for the power, refrigeration, process and petrochemical industries in South Africa and internationally. During this period, I have authored and co-authored more than 120 papers that were published in technical journals or presented at conferences nationally or internationally. Most of these papers are included in a manuscript entitled "Air-cooled Heat Exchangers and Cooling Towers", in which Ipresent a systematic approach to the thermal performance evaluation and design of industrial air-cooled heat exchangers and cooling towers. This original publication also includes the relevant practice applicable to the design of cooling systems, based on my experience as a consultant to industry. Design offices throughout the world presently follow our design methods, or at least employ many of our research results. Our work has furthermore contributed to the development of improved cooling system designs (e.g. new dephlegmator header designs), components (e.g. single-row flattened finned tubes) and product improvement and quality control (e.g. performance testing and measurement of thermal contact resistance between fin and tube during production). Many of our research findings have found application in the modification of existing cooling systems. The manuscript has also been used as reference work during the presentation of short courses to practising engineers and consultants in industry and to engineering graduates at the University of Stellenbosch. A two-volume edition of this manuscript was published by PennWell Corp., Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA in 2004.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Gedurende die laaste 30 jaar was ek betrokke by die teorie en praktyk van lugverkoelde warmteoordraers en koeltorings vir die kragopwekkings-, verkoelings-, proses- en petro-chemiesenywerhede in Suid-Afrika sowel as in die buiteland. Gedurende hierdie periode was ek outeur en mede-outeur van meer as 120 publikasies wat in tegniese tydskrifte, of by plaaslike of oorsese konferensies aangebied is. Die meeste van hierdie publikasies vorm deel van 'n manuskrip getiteld "Air-cooled Heat Exchangers and Cooling Towers" waarin ek 'n sistematiese benadering tot die bepaling van die termiese vermoë en ontwerp van industriële lugverkoelde warmteoordraers en koeltorings aanbied. Hierdie oorspronklike publikasie bevat ook die relevante praktyk wat van toepassing is op verkoelingsaanlegte. Ontwerpkantore wêreldwyd volg tans hierdie ontwerpsmetodes, of gebruik ten minste baie van ons navorsingsresultate. Ons werk het verder bygedra tot die ontwikkeling van verbeterde verkoelingsaanlegte (bv. nuwe deflegmatore), komponente (bv. enkelbuisry platvinbuise ) en verbeterde produkte en kwaliteitskontrole (bv. toetsing van verkoelingsvermoë oftermiese kontakweerstand tussen vin en buis gedurende produksie). Baie van ons bevindinge het toepassing gevind in die modifikasie van verkoelingsaanlegte. Die manuskrip is ook as verwysing gebruik gedurende die aanbieding van kort kursusse aan ingenieurs in die praktyk en aan nagraadse studente aan die Universiteit van Stellenbosch. 'n Twee-volume uitgawe van die manuskrip is deur PennWell Corp., Tulsa, Oklahome, VSA in 2004 gepubliseer.
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Книги з теми "Thermal power plants - Air pollution"

1

India. Central Pollution Control Board., ed. Status of pollution control, fly-ash management, and performance of air pollution control equipment in thermal power plants in West Bengal. Delhi: Central Pollution Control Board, Ministry of Environment & Forests, Govt. of India, 2003.

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Doty, Carolyn Bailey. Air pollution control technologies for coal-fired power plants. Norwalk, CT: Business Communications Co., 2002.

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3

Power Struggle. Santa Barbara: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2010.

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4

Rusco, F. W. (Frank W.) and United States. Government Accountability Office, eds. Air emissions and electricity generation at U.S. power plants. Washington, DC: U.S. Govt. Accountability Office, 2012.

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5

Magadeev, V. Sh. Snizhenie toksichnosti dymovykh gazov teplovykh ėlektrostant︠s︡iĭ. Moskva: Ėnergoatomizdat, 2009.

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Magadeev, V. Sh. Snizhenie toksichnosti dymovykh gazov teplovykh ėlektrostant︠s︡iĭ. Moskva: Ėnergoatomizdat, 2009.

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Chris, Van Atten, and Commission for Environmental Cooperation (Montréal, Québec), eds. North American power plant air emissions. Montreal, Quebec: Comission for Environmental Cooperation of North America, 2004.

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Sayer, Joseph H. Energy-efficient air pollution controls for fossil-fueled plants: Technology assessment. Albany, N.Y. (2 Empire State Plaza, Suite 1901, 12223): New York State Energy Research and Development Authority, 1995.

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9

Chambers, Allan. Recent advances in air pollution control technologies for coal-fired power plants. [Edmonton]: Alberta Environment, 2006.

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10

Tanrikut, A. In-tube steam condensation in the presence of air. Washington, DC: Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 2000.

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Частини книг з теми "Thermal power plants - Air pollution"

1

Atimtay, Aysel T., and Günal Özenirler. "Prevention of Air Pollution Problems in Thermal Power Plants in Turkey." In Cleaner Technologies and Cleaner Products for Sustainable Development, 291–302. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79672-2_27.

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2

Božnar, Marija Zlata, Boštjan Grašič, and Primož Mlakar. "Air Pollution Dispersion Modeling Around Thermal Power Plant Šoštanj in Complex Terrain: Model Validation and Regulatory Planning." In Air Pollution Modeling and its Application XXI, 543–46. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1359-8_91.

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3

Mesbah, S. Morteza, Amir Hakami, and Stephan Schott. "A Temporal NOx Emissions Trading System: Case Study of US Power Plants." In Air Pollution Modeling and its Application XXIII, 37–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04379-1_6.

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4

Janicke, Lutz. "The Embedding of the Lagrangian Dispersion Model LASAT into a Monitoring System for Nuclear Power Plants." In Air Pollution Modeling and Its Application X, 405–11. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1817-4_44.

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5

Maßmeyer, K., B. Crabol, R. Martens, K. Nester, E. Romeo, and H. Schnadt. "Modelling of Atmospheric Dispersion Following Accidental Releases from Nuclear Power Plants — an Intercomparison of Revised French and German Model Concepts." In Air Pollution Modeling and Its Application IX, 323–31. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3052-7_32.

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6

Shipra and Asim Kumar Pal. "Strategic Approach for Emission Reduction from Coal-Fired Thermal Power Plants in India." In Urban Air Quality Monitoring, Modelling and Human Exposure Assessment, 255–66. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5511-4_18.

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Issakhov, A., and A. Baitureyeva. "Numerical Study of a Passive Scalar Transport from Thermal Power Plants to Air Environment." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 114–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12203-4_11.

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8

Tarafdar, Abhrajyoti, and Alok Sinha. "Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) Pollution Generated from Coal-Fired Thermal Power Plants: Formation Mechanism, Characterization, and Profiling." In Pollutants from Energy Sources, 73–90. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3281-4_5.

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9

Lakzadeh, Adel, Mohammad Hassani, Azim Heydari, Farshid Keynia, Daniele Groppi, and Davide Astiaso Garcia. "Short-Term Wind Speed Forecasting Model Using Hybrid Neural Networks and Wavelet Packet Decomposition." In The Urban Book Series, 57–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-29515-7_7.

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AbstractWind speed is one of the most vital, imperative meteorological parameters, thus the prediction of which is of fundamental importance in the studies related to energy management, building construction, damages caused by strong winds, aquatic needs of power plants, the prevalence and spread of diseases, snowmelt, and air pollution. Due to the discrete and nonlinear structure of wind speed, wind speed forecasting at regular intervals is a crucial problem. In this regard, a wide variety of prediction methods have been applied. So far, many activities have been done in order to make optimal use of renewable energy sources such as wind, which have led to the present diverse types of wind speed and strength measuring methods in the various geographical locations. In this paper, a novel forecasting model based on hybrid neural networks (HNNs) and wavelet packet decomposition (WPD) processor has been proposed to predict wind speed. Considering this scenario, the accuracy of the proposed method is compared with other wind speed prediction methods to ensure performance improvement.
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10

Sarkar, Dipak K. "Air Pollution Control." In Thermal Power Plant, 479–522. Elsevier, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-801575-9.00014-7.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Thermal power plants - Air pollution"

1

Huertas, Jose´ I., Mauricio Y. Carmona, and Diego Moreno. "Air Dispersion Model to Forecast Pollutant Concentration Around Thermal Power Plants." In ASME 2006 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2006-88155.

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The Mexican environmental authority requires that thermal power plants operate 3 or 4 air quality monitoring stations around its main stack to ensure that pollutant concentration levels are always below the maximum allowable. However the high cost of these stations and the cost of their maintenance have made this regulation economically unreasonable. It has been proposed to reduce the number of monitoring stations to one and substitute the other stations by an accurate atmospheric dispersion model that allows the permanent surveillance of the surface pollutant concentration levels around the thermoelectric power plants. CALPUFF, an advanced air pollution dispersion modeling system was implemented for the special case of the Mexican thermal power plants. Experimental work was conducted to verify the correct implementation of the model. This paper describes the main results obtained during the development of this work.
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2

Irrazabal Bohorquez, Washington Orlando, Joa˜o Roberto Barbosa, Luiz Augusto Horta Nogueira, and Electo E. Silva Lora. "Repowering: An Option for Refurbishment of Old Thermal Power Plants in Latin-American Countries." In ASME Turbo Expo 2010: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2010-23058.

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The operational rules for the electricity markets in Latin America are changing at the same time that the electricity power plants are being subjected to stronger environmental restrictions, fierce competition and free market rules. This is forcing the conventional power plants owners to evaluate the operation of their power plants. Those thermal power plants were built between the 1960’s and the 1990’s. They are old and inefficient, therefore generating expensive electricity and polluting the environment. This study presents the repowering of thermal power plants based on the analysis of three basic concepts: the thermal configuration of the different technological solutions, the costs of the generated electricity and the environmental impact produced by the decrease of the pollutants generated during the electricity production. The case study for the present paper is an Ecuadorian 73 MWe power output steam power plant erected at the end of the 1970’s and has been operating continuously for over 30 years. Six repowering options are studied, focusing the increase of the installed capacity and thermal efficiency on the baseline case. Numerical simulations the seven thermal power plants are evaluated as follows: A. Modified Rankine cycle (73 MWe) with superheating and regeneration, one conventional boiler burning fuel oil and one old steam turbine. B. Fully-fired combined cycle (240 MWe) with two gas turbines burning natural gas, one recuperative boiler and one old steam turbine. C. Fully-fired combined cycle (235 MWe) with one gas turbine burning natural gas, one recuperative boiler and one old steam turbine. D. Fully-fired combined cycle (242 MWe) with one gas turbine burning natural gas, one recuperative boiler and one old steam turbine. The gas turbine has water injection in the combustion chamber. E. Fully-fired combined cycle (242 MWe) with one gas turbine burning natural gas, one recuperative boiler with supplementary burners and one old steam turbine. The gas turbine has steam injection in the combustion chamber. F. Hybrid combined cycle (235 MWe) with one gas turbine burning natural gas, one recuperative boiler with supplementary burners, one old steam boiler burning natural gas and one old steam turbine. G. Hybrid combined cycle (235 MWe) with one gas turbine burning diesel fuel, one recuperative boiler with supplementary burners, one old steam boiler burning fuel oil and one old steam turbine. All the repowering models show higher efficiency when compared with the Rankine cycle [2, 5]. The thermal cycle efficiency is improved from 28% to 50%. The generated electricity costs are reduced to about 50% when the old power plant is converted to a combined cycle one. When a Rankine cycle power plant burning fuel oil is modified to combined cycle burning natural gas, the CO2 specific emissions by kWh are reduced by about 40%. It is concluded that upgrading older thermal power plants is often a cost-effective method for increasing the power output, improving efficiency and reducing emissions [2, 7].
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3

Themelis, Nickolas J. "Chlorine Sources, Sinks, and Impacts in WTE Power Plants." In 18th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec18-3577.

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The principal sources of chlorine in the MSW feed to WTE power plants are food wastes (e.g., wheat, green vegetables, melon, pineapple), yard wastes (leaves, grass, etc.), salt (NaCl), and chlorinated plastics (mostly polyvinyl chloride). Chlorine has important impacts on the WTE operation in terms of higher corrosion rate than in coal-fired power plants, formation of hydrochloric gas that must be controlled in the stack gas to less than the U.S. EPA standard (29 ppm by volume), and potential for formation of dioxins and furans. Past Columbia studies have shown that the chlorine content in MSW is in the order of 0.5%. In comparison, chlorine concentration in coal is about 0.1%; this results in much lower HCl concentration in the combustion gases and allows coal-fired power plants to be operated at higher superheater tube temperatures and thus higher thermal efficiencies. Most of the chlorine output from a WTE is in the fly ash collected in the fabric filter baghouse of the Air Pollution Control system. This study examined in detail the sources and sinks of chlorine in a WTE unit. It is concluded that on the average MSW contains about 0.5% chlorine, which results in hydrogen chloride concentration in the WTE combustion gases of up to 600 parts per million by volume. About 45% of the chlorine content in MSW derives from chlorinated plastics, mainly polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and 55% from salt (NaCl) and chlorine-containing food and yard wastes. An estimated 97–98% of the chlorine input is converted to calcium chloride in the dry scrubber of the Air Pollution Control (APC) system and captured in the fly ash collected in the baghouse; the remainder is in the stack gas at a concentration that is one half of the U.S. EPA standard. Reducing the input of PVC in the MSW stream would have no effect on dioxin formation but would reduce the corrosion rate in the WTE boiler.
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4

P. A., Batrakov, Medvedyuk I. N., and Karas N. M. "ANALYSIS OF EXISTING METHODS FOR CLEANING POLLUTANTS IN FLUE GASES APPLICABLE TO THERMAL POWER PLANTS." In Mechanical Science and Technology Update. Omsk State Technical University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.25206/978-5-8149-3453-6-2022-69-73.

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The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the various methods of integrated flue gas cleaning from a review of the existing literature, with an emphasis on methods that can be adapted to existing thermal power plants, since the largest share of atmospheric air pollution occurs due to emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere during the operation of power plants. Methods of pre-combustion and combustion control, selective catalytic (SCR) and selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR), wet cleaning, adsorption,electron beam, electrochemical method, and others are presented. For each method, the mechanism is presented and the reduction of NOx and SO2 emissions, as well as the efficiency that can be achieved, is discussed. In general, a comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of these methods is given. Further research on the use of a combination of several methods that allow for a more complete purification from a number of negative elements and optimization of the described methods to solve the problem of oxide emissions, evaluating the methods and the possibility of improving their efficiency
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Reuben, Benjamin. "Feasibility of IGCC Technology for Power Generation in India." In ASME Turbo Expo 2004: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2004-53701.

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The paper evaluates the emerging coal gasification technology now operational in many parts of the world to produce electric power through Combined Cycle mode in the present coal dominated power scenario in India. The initiatives of United States Agency for International Development (USAID)-New Delhi, India together with an Indian utility National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC) and supported by a consortium of experienced international agencies for feasibility study of commercial application of coal based IGCC technology for producing 100MWe in India are enumerated. India with a population of one billion, a fifth of the world’s population ranks sixth in the world in terms of energy demand. It has only about 0.4 percent of world’s natural gas which contributes only 10 percent to power generation as against 65% by coal in the present total installed capacity of 107000 MW. The estimated coal reserves in India of 211 billion tonnes are likely to last for about 150 years as against oil and gas reserves that will get depleted in less than 50 years. Notwithstanding the ongoing debate in India between LNG versus coal for emergence of a mature and economic future fuel for power generation in India, over 60% of the 100,000 MW power demand required in the next 10 years in India is expected to be provided on coal, USAID-New Delhi has commissioned under its expanded Green House Gas (GHG) Pollution Prevention Project, a feasibility study of the IGCC Power plant in India. Therefore, application of the coal gasification combined cycle process, an emerging technology for clean, efficient and low CO2 emission coal fuelled generation thro GE’s advanced H-system turbine and providing high operating efficiency of 43% would be appropriate to serve as a base technology for greenfield projects and as a repowering option for vintage coal fired plants totaling 25000 MW now operating over 30 years.
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Nourdanesh, Nader, and Apostolos Kantzas. "Using Thermoelectric Generators (TEGs) for Electric Power Generation from Waste Heat in Geothermal Plants." In SPE Canadian Energy Technology Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/212748-ms.

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Abstract The application of Thermoelectric Generators for converting geothermal energy to electricity is investigated in this paper, considering the effects of various parameters on their efficiency. Using renewable energy is one of the latest solutions to tackle climate change, global warming, air pollution, the ozone layer hole, etc. In this regard, a thermoelectric generator (TEG), which is a device for converting heat energy to power, could be used in different renewable energy systems like solar or geothermal. Although their initial cost is lower than the other methods of converting thermal energy to electricity, their efficiency is lower than the most common techniques. Therefore, finding the optimum situation to increase the efficiency of combined devices with TEGs can increase the likelihood of using them in different industries. The parameters investigated in this paper were the temperature of the operating fluid in channels, the optimum mass flow rate, and the channel slope. The results have shown that with increasing temperature differences of the fluid in the channel, the efficiency of the designed system increased significantly. In addition, by increasing the mass flow rate of the operating fluid in the channel, power generation and the whole system efficiency increase up to a certain plateau value. Furthermore, the experimental results have proven that increasing the slope of the channel increased the amount of power generation but has not caused a noticeable change in their efficiency.
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Ahmed, Abdallah, Essam E. Khalil, Hatem Kayed, and Mohamed M. A. Hassan. "Influence of Excess Air Factor on NOx Emissions From a 200 kW Swirl Burner." In ASME 2015 Power Conference collocated with the ASME 2015 9th International Conference on Energy Sustainability, the ASME 2015 13th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2015 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2015-49567.

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NOx formation during the combustion process occurs mainly through the oxidation of nitrogen in the combustion air (thermal NOx) and through oxidation of nitrogen with the fuel (prompt NOx). The present study aims to investigate numerically the problem of NOx pollution using a model of combustion chamber with 200 kW swirl burner utilizing propane as fuel. The importance of this problem is mainly due to its relation to the pollutants produced by boiler furnaces and gas turbines, which used widely in thermal industrial plants. Governing conservation equations of mass, momentum and energy, and equations representing the transport of species concentrations, turbulence, combustion and radiation modeling in addition to NOx modeling equations were solved together to present temperature and OH distribution inside the combustion chamber, and the NOx concentration at the combustion chamber exit, at various operating conditions of fuel to air ratio. In particular, the simulation provided more insight on the correlation between the peak flame temperature and the thermal NOx concentration. The results have shown that the peak flame temperature and NOx concentration decrease as the excess air factor λ increases. When considering a fixed value of mass flow rate of fuel, the results show that increasing λ results in a maximum value of thermal NOx concentration at the exit of the combustion chamber at λ = 1.05. As the combustion air temperature increases, and the thermal NOx concentration increases sharply. However, when λ exceeds this value NOx concentration starts to decrease due to the combustion air temperature decrease.
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8

Tshamala, Mubenga Carl, and Robert T. Dobson. "Simulation of a High-Temperature Modular Reactor (HTMR) for Power and Coal-to-Liquid Fuel-Cogeneration Plant." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-38595.

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Traditionally nuclear reactor power plants have been optimized for electrical power generation only. In the light of the ever-rising cost of ever-dwindling fossil fuel resources as well the global polluting effects and consequences of their usage, the use of nuclear energy for process heating is becoming increasingly attractive. In this study the use of a so-called cogeneration plant in which a nuclear reactor energy source is simulated using basic equations for the simultaneous production of superheated steam for electrical power generation and process heat, is considered and analyzed. A novel heat pipe heat exchanger is used to generate superheated steam for the process heat which is, in this case, a coal-to-liquid process (CTL). Natural circulation of sodium, via a thermo-syphon, is used in the heat pipe heat exchanger to transfer heat from the hot stream to the cold. The superheated steam for power generation is generated in a separate once-through helical coil steam generator. A 750 °C, 7 MPa helium cooled high-temperature modular reactor (HTMR) has been considered to simultaneously provide steam at 540 °C, 13.5 MPa for the power unit and steam at 430 °C, 4 MPa for a CTL production plant. The simulation and dynamic control of such a cogeneration plant is considered. In particular, a theoretical model of the plant will be simulated with the aim of predicting the transient and dynamic behavior of the HTMR in order to provide guideline for the control of the plant under various operating conditions. It was found that the simulation model captured the behavior of the plant reasonably well and it is recommended that it could be used in the detailed design of plant control strategies. It was also found that using a 1500 MW-thermal HTMR the South African contribution to global pollution can be reduced by 1.58%.
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Tanaka, Ryozo, Testuo Tastumi, Yoshihiro Ichikawa, and Koji Sanbonsugi. "Development of the Hybrid Gas Turbine: 1st Year Summary — Research and Development on Practical Industrial Cogeneration Technology in Japan." In ASME Turbo Expo 2001: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/2001-gt-0515.

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Based on the successful results of the Japanese national project for 300 kW ceramic gas turbine(CGT302) development (this project was finished in March 1999), the Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI) started “Research and Development on Practical Industrial Co-generation Technology” project in August 1999. The objective of this project is to encourage prompt industrial applications of co-generation technology that employs hybrid gas turbines (HGT; using both metal and ceramic parts in its high-temperature section) by confirming its soundness and reliability. The development activities are performed through material evaluation tests and long-term operation tests for the HGT of the medium size (8,000-kW class). It is expected that the development can realize low pollution and reducing the emission of CO2 with highly efficient use of energy. The HGT will be developed by applying ceramic components to an existing commercial 7,000-kW class gas turbine. The development targets are thermal efficiency of 34% or higher, output of 8,000-kW class, inlet temperature of 1250deg-C, and 4,000hrs of operation period for confirmation of reliability. The HGT for long-term evaluation tests and the test plant are under development. This paper gives the summary of last year’s developments in the HGT project.
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10

Haseli, Yousef. "Analytical Formulation of the Performance of the Allam Power Cycle." In ASME Turbo Expo 2020: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2020-15070.

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Abstract Thermal power plants operating on fossil fuels emit a considerable amount of polluting gases including carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides. Several technologies have been developed or under development to avoid the emissions of, mainly, CO2 that are formed as a result of air-fuel combustion. While post-combustion capture methods are viable solutions for reduction of CO2 in the existing power plants, implementation of the concept of oxyfuel combustion in future power cycles appears to be a promising technique for clean power generation from fossil fuels. A novel power cycle that employs oxyfuel combustion method has been developed by NET Power. Known as the Allam cycle, it includes a turbine, an air separation unit (ASU), a combustor, a recuperator, a water separator, CO2 compression with intercooling and CO2 pump. (Over 90% of the supercritical CO2 flow is recycled back to the cycle as the working fluid, and the rest is extracted for further processing and storage. The present paper introduces a simplified thermodynamic analysis of the Allam power cycle. Analytical expressions are derived for the net power output, optimum turbine inlet temperature (TIT), and the molar flowrate of the recycled CO2 flow. The study aims to provide a theoretical framework to help understand the functional relationships between the various operating parameters of the cycle. The optimum TIT predicted by the presented expression is 1473 K which is fairly close to that reported by the cycle developers.
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