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Опубліковано: 30 травня 2022
Оновлено: 31 травня 2022

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Статті в журналах з теми "The distribution of electric potentials"

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Olshanskiy, Vladimir, Dmitry Zlenko, Andrey Orlov, Alexander Kasumyan, Peter Moller, Eoin MacMahon, and Wei Xue. "Multielectrode registration of episodic discharges generated by weakly electric fishes." Izvestiya VUZ. Applied Nonlinear Dynamics 30, no. 2 (March 31, 2022): 239–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/0869-6632-2022-30-2-239-252.

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Анотація:
Purpose of this study introduces a multielectrode array (MEA) registration system in order to generate electric field images of the episodic discharges generated by weakly electric fish. A multielectrode registration system has several important features: the design of the multielectrode lattice, the amplifier circuit, the choice of reference points for differential measurements, the recovery of the absolute values of the electric field potentials, and the application of principal components analysis. Methods. There are several advantages of our MEA registration as compared with the traditional twoelectrode registration: (a) the signal-to-noise ratio is significantly increased, (b) it is possible to construct the spatial distribution of the electric field for a single electric discharge, (c) the signals’ sources can be easily separated and identified, and (d) quantitative data on the electrical potential distribution can be obtained throughout the entire experimental tank. Results. The results illustrate an example of applied MEA registration. Electric discharges were recorded from a weakly electric catfish, Clarias gariepinus, using an array of 8 x 8 electrodes at a sampling rate of 20 kHz. Data show oscillograms and two-dimensional plots of the spatial distribution of the electrical field.
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Hirata, Koichi, Soichi Katayama, Kaoru Yamazaki, Masaaki Fujikane, and Kou Katayama. "Electric field distribution of event-related potentials in stroke patients." Brain Topography 8, no. 3 (March 1996): 279–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01184785.

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Mirbozorgi, S. A., H. Niazmand, and M. Renksizbulut. "Electro-Osmotic Flow in Reservoir-Connected Flat Microchannels With Non-Uniform Zeta Potential." Journal of Fluids Engineering 128, no. 6 (March 24, 2006): 1133–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2353261.

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Анотація:
The effects of non-uniform zeta potentials on electro-osmotic flows in flat microchannels have been investigated with particular attention to reservoir effects. The governing equations, which consist of a Laplace equation for the distribution of external electric potential, a Poisson equation for the distribution of electric double layer potential, the Nernst-Planck equation for the distribution of charge density, and modified Navier-Stokes equations for the flow field are solved numerically for an incompressible steady flow of a Newtonian fluid using the finite-volume method. For the validation of the numerical scheme, the key features of an ideal electro-osmotic flow with uniform zeta potential have been compared with analytical solutions for the ionic concentration, electric potential, pressure, and velocity fields. When reservoirs are included in the analysis, an adverse pressure gradient is induced in the channel due to entrance and exit effects even when the reservoirs are at the same pressure. Non-uniform zeta potentials lead to complex flow fields, which are examined in detail.
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4

Bestel, R., R. Appali, U. van Rienen, and C. Thielemann. "Effect of Morphologic Features of Neurons on the Extracellular Electric Potential: A Simulation Study Using Cable Theory and Electro-Quasi-Static Equations." Neural Computation 29, no. 11 (November 2017): 2955–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_01019.

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Анотація:
Microelectrode arrays serve as an indispensable tool in electro-physiological research to study the electrical activity of neural cells, enabling measurements of single cell as well as network communication analysis. Recent experimental studies have reported that the neuronal geometry has an influence on electrical signaling and extracellular recordings. However, the corresponding mechanisms are not yet fully understood and require further investigation. Allowing systematic parameter studies, computational modeling provides the opportunity to examine the underlying effects that influence extracellular potentials. In this letter, we present an in silico single cell model to analyze the effect of geometrical variability on the extracellular electric potentials. We describe finite element models of a single neuron with varying geometric complexity in three-dimensional space. The electric potential generation of the neuron is modeled using Hodgkin-Huxley equations. The signal propagation is described with electro-quasi-static equations, and results are compared with corresponding cable equation descriptions. Our results show that both the geometric dimensions and the distribution of ion channels of a neuron are critical factors that significantly influence both the amplitude and shape of extracellular potentials.
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5

Soloviev, A. N., Thanh Binh Do, V. A. Chebanenko, O. N. Lesnyak, and E. V. Kirillova. "Vibration analysis of a composite magnetoelectroelastic bimorph depending on the volume fractions of its components based on applied theory." Advanced Engineering Research 22, no. 1 (March 29, 2022): 4–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/2687-1653-2022-22-1-4-13.

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Анотація:
Introduction. Transverse vibrations of a bimorph consisting of two piezomagnetoelectric layers and located in the alternating magnetic field are investigated. Piezomagnetoelectric layers are multilayer composites with alternating piezoelectric and piezomagnetic layers. The mechanical and physical properties of such a composite are given by known effective constants.Materials and Methods. The applied theory of multilayer plate vibrations takes into account the nonlinear distribution of electric and magnetic potential in piezoactive layers in the longitudinal and transverse directions. On the basis of this theory, the stress-strain state, the dependences of deflection, electric and magnetic potentials on the volume ratio of the composition of the hinged bimorph, are investigated. The electric potential is assumed to be zero at all electrodes, while the magnetic potential is zero at the inner boundary and unknown at the outer boundaries. Therefore, the distribution of electric and magnetic potentials in the middle of the layer are unknown functions. In the case of the magnetic potential, the distribution at the outer boundary is also unknown. In the problem, the Kirchhoff hypotheses for mechanical characteristics were accepted. The use of the variational principle and the quadratic dependence of the electric and magnetic potentials on the thickness of piezoactive layers made it possible to obtain a system of differential equations and boundary conditions.Results. When the volume ratio of the composition of piezoactive bimorph materials changes, the electric potential in the middle of the layer changes nonlinearly. The magnetic potential in the middle of the layer and at the outer boundary increases almost linearly with an increase in the volume percentage of BaTiO3. The dependence of the deflection in the middle of the layer is determined.Discussion and Conclusions. An applied theory for calculating transverse vibrations of a bimorph with two piezomagnetoelectric layers is constructed. The dependence of the characteristics of the stress-strain state, electric and magnetic fields on the volume fractions of piezomagnetic and piezoelectric materials, is investigated.
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Zimmermann, Ulf, Cathérine Ebner, Yukun Su, Thomas Bender, Yogesh Deepak Bansod, Wolfram Mittelmeier, Rainer Bader, and Ursula van Rienen. "Numerical Simulation of Electric Field Distribution around an Instrumented Total Hip Stem." Applied Sciences 11, no. 15 (July 21, 2021): 6677. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11156677.

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Анотація:
Presently, total joint replacement (TJR) is a standard procedure in orthopedic surgery. Adequate osseointegration of the implant components still remains a clinical issue. However, active stimulation of bone tissue to enhance bone ongrowth at the implant surfaces has not been widely investigated so far. For the last several years, invasive electromagnetically induced osseotherapy has been employed in clinical practice, e.g., for the treatment of avascular necrosis, femoral neck fractures, and pseudarthrosis. In the present study, the approach of exploiting the electric stimulation effect was transferred to the field of TJR. Therefore, a commercially available total hip stem was instrumented with an electrode on its surface in order to generate an electric field supporting the regeneration of the surrounding bone tissue. The objective was to conduct numerical simulations validated by experimental investigations as a proof of concept for an instrumented electro-stimulative total hip stem. The results revealed that the calculated electric field around a total hip stem fulfills the requirements to stimulate adjacent bone tissue when using clinically applied electric voltages. The derived numerical and experimental data of electric potentials and corresponding electric fields are encouraging for the implementation of active electrical stimulation in uncemented total hip stems to enhance their osseointegration.
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Allam, M. N. M., A. M. Zenkour, and R. Tantawy. "Analysis of Functionally Graded Piezoelectric Cylinders in a Hygrothermal Environment." Advances in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics 6, no. 2 (April 2014): 233–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4208/aamm.12-m1277.

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Анотація:
AbstractThis paper presents an analytical solution for the interaction of electric potentials, electric displacement, elastic deformations, and describes hygrothermal effect responses in hollow and solid cylinders, subjected to mechanical load and electric potential. Exact solutions for displacement, stresses and electric potentials in functionally graded piezoelectric material are determined using the infinitesimal theory. The material properties coefficients of the present cylinder are assumed to be graded in the radial direction by a power law distribution. Numerical examples display the significant of influence of material inhomogeneity. It is interesting to note that selecting a specific value of inhomogeneity parameter can optimize the piezoelectric hollow and solid cylinders responses, which will be of particular importance in modern engineering designs.
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Pichugin, P. I. "SOLUTION OF AN INVERSE PROBLEM OF FINDING SURFACE CHARGE DENSITY WITH A KNOWN ELECTRICAL POTENTIAL USING COMSOL MULTIPHYSICS." Electrical and data processing facilities and systems 17, no. 3-4 (2021): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17122/1999-5458-2021-17-3-4-39-48.

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Анотація:
Relevance Polymer materials capable of electric charge accumulation on their surface and in volume have wide application in a great number of applied problems of electrophysics and high-voltage engineering due to their excellent dielectric property. This property can be both an advantage (in electret manufacture), and a disadvantage (when using polymers as an isolating medium). Fundamentally important here is the need to characterize and control the degree of charge using the value of surface charge density which, however, can be determined indirectly through the electric potential only. When measuring the potential using a capacitive probe, difficulties arise in solving an inverse problem of converting the potential into surface charge density, since the relationship between these values largely depends on the geometry of the charged body and the capacitive probe. An effective and universal conversion method will greatly simplify the measurement of the surface charge density that will be helpful in practical tasks of electrical technology and operation of high-voltage equipment with elements made of polymer materials. Aim of research Aim of the research is to develop a technique for restoring surface charge density distribution according to a given measured distribution of electric potential created by the surface charge; give recommendations on how to achieve an optimal balance between accuracy and labor intensity of numerical calculations. Methods The problem is solved using numerical modeling in finite element method based software Comsol Multiphysics. With the help of the created 3D model containing the reproduced design of the capacitive probe and the charged examined material, the principle of the weight coefficients matrix formation is explained, through which the relationship between a discrete set of measured potentials and the unknown distribution of the surface charge density is subsequently established. Results An effective method has been developed to recalculate the known distribution of the electric potential from a charged surface into its surface charge density. The principle of constructing and setting the boundary conditions in the 3D model required for recalculation is shown. On the example of one given distribution of electric potential, the high efficiency of the method for obtaining the distribution of the charge density was shown. It has been established that the accuracy of the method increases with a finer partition of the charged surface into elementary charged areas. Recommendations are given on the use of methods for solving the arising systems of linear algebraic equations. It was also shown how to simplify the technique used in the presence of an axisymmetric distribution of the charge density.
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Pintér, Gábor, András Vincze, Nóra Hegedűsné Baranyai, and Henrik Zsiborács. "Boat-to-Grid Electrical Energy Storage Potentials around the Largest Lake in Central Europe." Applied Sciences 11, no. 16 (August 4, 2021): 7178. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11167178.

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Анотація:
With the dynamic growth in both the global hunger for electrical energy and the share of variable renewable energy sources in the energy mix, distribution networks are facing new challenges where conventional solutions may not be the best ones. The increase in load in distribution grids is routinely countered by network development and expansion, in a great part to supply for on-peak load demand, which could also be done by utilizing supplementary technologies to lessen the need for or defer such expansion. Vehicle-to-grid technology could efficiently contribute to handling this issue, as electric vehicles can potentially function as storage capacities to mitigate the fluctuations of power generation. The battery energy storage systems of hybrid or completely electric watercraft, which are becoming increasingly popular, are no exception, either. These vehicles represent a considerable potential to create more complex vehicle-to-grid solutions for countries with significant inland or seaport networks, for example, Hungary, with the largest lake of Central Europe. Since there is only deficient information on the topic, the main goal of this study was to explore the energy storage capacities of small electric boats in the context of Lake Balaton, Hungary. By this example, the paper presents the potential utilization of Europe’s significant network of sea and inland recreational ports for the purpose of energy storage. Similarly to other European countries, Hungary’s energy strategy for 2030 also includes the promotion of virtual production integration, local energy communities and micro-grid solutions. At the beginning of 2021, the small electric boats in the sailing marinas of Lake Balaton represented a cumulative energy storage capacity of 4.8 MWh, which may reach even 15.6 MWh by 2030, by the promotion of micro-grid solutions. The innovative novelty of this study is that it regards small fully electric boats not just as vehicles, but also explores their energy storage potentials. The novel goal of these examinations is to explore the volume of the energy storage potentials of the small fully electric boats around Lake Balaton, the knowledge of which may facilitate the creation of new types of flexibility services related to energy storage.
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Saunders, J. H., M. D. Jackson, M. Y. Gulamali, J. Vinogradov, and C. C. Pain. "Streaming potentials at hydrocarbon reservoir conditions." GEOPHYSICS 77, no. 1 (January 2012): E77—E90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2011-0068.1.

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We have examined the behavior of the streaming potential under multiphase conditions, and under conditions of varying temperature and salinity, to evaluate the feasibility of using downhole streaming-potential measurements to determine fluid distributions in a reservoir. Using new insights into the pore-scale distribution of fluids and of electric charge, we found that the saturation dependence of the streaming potential coupling coefficient is important in determining the resulting streaming potential. Through examination of the four independent physical parameters which comprise the coupling coefficient, we developed an understanding of the behavior of the coupling coefficient under conditions of elevated temperature and brine salinity. We found that although increasing salinity substantially reduces the magnitude of the coupling coefficient, and therefore also the magnitude of the predicted streaming potential, increasing temperature has only a small effect, showing about a 10% change between 25°C and 75°C, depending on salinity.
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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "The distribution of electric potentials"

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Ciorciari, Joseph, and jciorciari@swin edu au. "Topograhic distribution of human brain electrical activity associated with schizophrenia." Swinburne University of Technology, 1999. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au./public/adt-VSWT20050610.152013.

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Анотація:
A literature review of the schizophrenia brain electrophysiology was undertaken with specific emphasis placed on the topographical distribution of evoked potentials (EPs). The outcomes of this review suggests that schizophrenia brain electrophysiology, demonstrate some differences, but with a variability reflective of the symptom heterogeneity. The literature associated with the use of attentional tasks while recording EPs, tended to demonstrate some consistency. The methodological issues associated with the EEG and EP recordings may also account for this variability. An evoked potential technique, which has been demonstrated to be sensitive to the changes in cognitive processes associated with attention, is the Steady State Probe Topography (SSPT) technique. The SSPT is a combination of both the Steady State Visual Evoked Potential (SSVEP) and the Probe-ERP paradigm. This technique allows the SSVEP to be measured continuously, is relatively insensitive to artifact, and can display the topographic distribution of the SSVEP measures during the attentional task. The technique employs the use of a sixty-four channel EEG recording system. This consists of a multichannel electrode helmet; multichannel amplifier/filter, task presentation computer and a computer controlled data acquisition system. Software was also developed to analyse the recorded brain electrical activity to produce the SSVEP magnitude and phase versus time series for each electrode site. The topographic distribution of the SSVEP measures associated with specific events during attentional tasks could also be displayed. At the time of the pilot study, this technique had not been applied previously to the study of schizophrenia and therefore warranted further study. Two separate studies are reported; an investigative pilot study and a chronic group study. The pilot SSVEP and schizophrenia study was designed to examine the changes in the SSVEP and its topography, during the performance of a number of attentional or activation tasks to examine the possibility of hypofrontality. The tasks selected for the study were those previously used for the examination of hypofrontality with metabolic imaging techniques; the Continuous Performance Task (CPT) and the Wisconsin Card Sort (WCS). The SSVEP was elicited by a superimposed 13Hz flicker on the visual field, while subjects performed computerised versions of the neuropsychological tasks. Topographical maps of the SSVEP magnitude distribution were then interpolated and displayed as an animated sequence synchronised with particular events occurring during the tasks. In comparison to the male control group, male schizophrenic patients exhibited differences in the SSVEP topography for all tasks, possibly reflecting the deficits in behavioural indices. Overall, the findings indicated that the technique demonstrated some merit for further examination of frontal SSVEP topography in schizophrenia. In a larger study of twenty chronic schizophrenia patients, the frontal topographical distribution of the SSVEP was examined. The earlier pilot study finding of reduced frontal SSVEP amplitude was replicated. The issue of hypofrontality in schizophrenia was applied as a possible interpretation.
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2

Yurtkolesi, Mustafa. "Imaging Electrical Conductivity Distribution Of The Human Head Using Evoked Fields And Potentials." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12609828/index.pdf.

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Анотація:
In the human brain, electrical activities are created due to the body functions. These electrical activities create potentials and magnetic fields which can be monitored elec- trically (Electroencephalography - EEG) or magnetically (Magnetoencephalography - MEG). Electrical activities in human brain are usually modeled by electrical dipoles. The purpose of Electro-magnetic source imaging (EMSI) is to determine the position, orientation and strength of dipoles. The first stage of EMSI is to model the human head numerically. In this study, The Finite Element Method (FEM) is chosen to han- dle anisotropy in the brain. The second stage of EMSI is to solve the potentials and magnetic fields for an assumed dipole configuration (forward problem). Realistic con- ductivity distribution of human head is required for more accurate forward problem solutions. However, to our knowledge, conductivity distribution for an individual has not been computed yet. The aim of this thesis study is to investigate the feasibility of a new approach to update the initially assumed conductivity distribution by using the evoked potentials and fields acquired during EMSI studies. This will increase the success of source localization problem, since more realistic conductivity distribution of the head will be used in the forward problem. This new method can also be used as a new imaging modality, especially for inhomogeneities where the conductivity value deviates. In this thesis study, to investigate the sensitivity of measurements to conductivity perturbations, a FEM based sensitivity matrix approach is used. The performance of the proposed method is tested using three different head models - homogeneous spherical, 4 layer concentric sphere and realistic head model. For spherical head models rectangular grids are preferred in the middle and curved elements are used nearby the head boundary. For realistic cases, head models are developed using uniform grids. Tissue boundary information is obtained by applying segmentation algorithms to the Magnetic Resonance (MR) images. A paralel computer cluster is employed to assess the feasibility of this new approach. PETSc library is used for forward problem calculations and linear system solutions. The performance of this novel approach depends on many factors such as the head model, number of dipoles and sensors used in the calculation, noise in the measure- ments, etc. In this thesis study, a number of simulations are performed to investigate the effects of each of these parameters. Increase in the number of elements in the head model leads to the increase in the number of unknows for linear system solu- tions. Then, accuracy of the solution is improved with increased number of dipoles or sensors. The performance of the adopted approach is investigated using noise-free measurements as well as noisy measurements. For EEG, measurement noise decreases the accuracy of the approach. For MEG, the effect of measurement noise is more pronounced and may lead to a larger error in tissue conductivity calculation.
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3

Sadykova, Saltanat. "Electric microfield distributions and structure factors in dense plasmas." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16316.

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Анотація:
Die elektrischen Mikrofeldverteilungen (EMDs) und ihre Auswüchse wurden in einkomponentiger (OCP) Elektron-, zweikomponentigen (TCP) Elektron-Positron-, Wasserstoff- und einwertig ionisierten Alkaliplasmen im Rahmen verschiedener Pseudopotentialmodelle (PM) untersucht und mit sowohl Molekulardynamik (MD) und Monte-Carlo Simulationen als auch mit Experimenten vergliechen. Die verwendeten theoretischen Verfahren zur Berechnung von EMDs gehen zurück auf die von C. A. Iglesias entwickelte Kopplungsparameter Integrationstechnik (KPIT) für OCP und die von J. Ortner et al. vorgeschlagene verallgemeinerte KPIT für TCP. EMDs wurden im Rahmen der abgeschirmten Kelbg-, Deutsch-, Hellmann-Gurskii-Krasko(HGK)-PM untersucht, welche quantenmechanische Effekte, Abschirmungseffekte und die Struktur der Ionenrümpfe (HGK) berücksichtigen. Die Abschirmungseffekte wurden auf Grundlage der Bogoljubov-Born-Green-Kirkwood-Yvon- Methode eingeführt. Wir haben das abgeschirmte HGK-Pseudopotential in der Debye-Näherung sowie in einer mäßig gekoppelten Plasma-Näherung verwendet. Wir haben verschiedene Typen vom asymptotischen Verhalten der Verteilungsauswüchse in Abhangigheit von Plasmaparameter, Plasmatypen und Strahler bestimmt. Der Vergleich der experimentell gewonnenen Daten mit sowohl einem synthetischen Li2+-Lyman-Spektrum als auch mit einer synthetischen Li II 548 nm Linie lassen den Schluss zu, daß die EMD, welche auf der Grundlage der Iglesias-Methode für OCP im HGK-PM und der MD erhalten wurde, eine gute Übereinstimmung mit den experimentellen Werten liefert. Die statischen partiellen und Ladung-Ladung-Strukturfaktoren (SSF) wurden für Alkali- und Be2+-Plasmen unter Verwendung der von G. Gregori et al. beschriebenen Methode berechnet. Die dynamischen Strukturfaktoren (DSF) für Alkaliplasmen wurden unter Verwendung der durch V. M. Adamyan et al. entwickelten Methode der Momente berechnet. Bei beiden Methoden wurde das abgeschirmte HGK-Pseudopotential verwendet.
The electric microfield distributions (EMDs) and its tails have been studied for electron one-component plasma (OCP), electron-positron, hydrogen and single-ionized alkali two-component plasmas (TCP) in a frame of different pseudopotential models (PM) and compared with Molecular Dynamics (MD) and Monte-Carlo simulations as well as with experiments. The theoretical methods used for calculation of EMDs are a coupling-parameter integration technique (CPIT) developed by C. A. Iglesias for OCP and the generalized CPIT proposed by J. Ortner et al. for TCP. We studied the EMDs in a frame of the screened Kelbg, Deutsch, Hellmann-Gurskii-Krasko (HGK) PMs which take into account quantum-mechanical, screening effects and the ion shell structure (HGK) due to the Pauli exclusion principle. The screening effects were introduced on a base of Bogoljubov-Born-Green-Kirkwood-Yvon method. We used the screened HGK pseudopotential in the Debye approximation as well as in a moderately coupled plasma approximation. The influence of the plasma coupling parameter on the EMD along with the ion shell structure was investigated. We determined different types of asymptotic behaviour of EMD tails in dependence on the plasma type, parameters and radiator. Comparison of a synthetic Li2+ Lyman spectrum as well as comparison of a synthetic Li II 548 nm line with experimental data allows us to conclude that the EMD, obtained on a base of the CPIT method for OCP within the HGK PM and MD, provides a good agreement with the experiment. We have calculated the partial and charge-charge static structure factors (SSF) for alkali and Be2+ plasmas using the method described by G. Gregori et al.. We have calculated the dynamic structure factors (DSF) for alkali plasmas using the method of moments developed by V. M. Adamyan et al. In both methods the screened HGK pseudopotential has been used.
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4

Mattlet, Benoit. "Potential benefits of load flexibility: A focus on the future Belgian distribution system." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2018. https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/271127/5/contratBM.pdf.

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Анотація:
Since the last United Nations Climate Change Conference in 2015 in Paris (the COP 21), world leaders acknowledged climate change. There is no need any more to justify the switch from fossil fuel-based to renewable energy sources. Nevertheless, this transition is far from being straightforward. Besides technologies that are not yet mature -- or at least not always financially viable in today's economy -- the power grid is currently not ready for a rapid and massive integration of renewable energy sources. A main challenge for the power grid is the inadequacy between electric production and consumption that will rise along with the integration of such sources. Indeed, due to their dependence on weather, renewable energy sources are intermittent and difficult to forecast with today's tools. As a commodity, electricity is a quite distinct good for which there must be perfect adequacy of production and consumption at all time and characterized by a very inelastic demand. High shares of renewable energy sources lead to high price volatility and a higher risk to jeopardize the security of supply. Additionally, the switch to renewable energy sources will lead to an electrification of loads and transportation, and thus the emergence of new higher-consumption loads such as electric vehicles and heat pumps. These new and higher-consumption loads, combined with the population growth, will cause over-rated power load increases with less predictable load patterns in the future.This work focuses on issues specific to the distribution power grid in the context of the current energy transition. Traditional low-voltage grids are perhaps the most passive circuits in power grids. Indeed, they are designed primarily using a fit and forget approach where power flows go from the distribution transformer to the consumers and no element has to be operated or regularly managed. In fact, low-voltage networks completely lack observability due to very low monitoring. The distribution grid will especially undergo drastic changes from this energy transition. Distributed sources and new high-consumption -- and uncoordinated -- loads result in new power flow patterns, as well as exacerbated evening peaks for which it is not designed. The consequences are power overloads and voltage imbalances that deteriorate grid components, such as a main asset like the medium-to-low voltage transformer. Additionally, the distribution grid is characterized by end-users that pay a price for electricity that does not reflect the grid situation -- that is, mostly constant over a year -- and allow little to no actions on their consumption.These issues have motivated authorities to propose a global approach to ensure security of electricity supply at short and medium-term. The latter requires, among others, the development of demand response programs that encourage users to take advantage of load flexibility. First, we propose adequate electricity pricing structures that will allow users to unlock the potential of such demand response programs; namely, dynamic pricings combined with a prosumer structure. Second, we propose a fast and robust two-level optimization, formulated as a mixed-integer linear program, that coordinates flexible loads. We focus on two types of loads; electric vehicles and heat pumps, in an environment with solar PV panels. The lower level aims at minimizing individual electricity bills while, at the second level, we optimize the power load curve, either to maximize self-consumption, or to smoothen the total power load of the transformer. We propose a parametric study on the trade-off between only minimizing the individual bills versus only optimizing power load curves, which have proven to be antagonist objectives. Additionally, we assess the impact of the rising share of flexible loads and renewable energy sources for scenarios from today until 2050. A macro-analysis of the results allows us to assess the benefits of load flexibility for every actor of the distribution grid, and depending on the choice of a pricing structure. Our optimization has proved to prevent evening peaks, which increases the lifetime of the distribution transformer by up to 200%, while individual earnings up to 25% can be made using adequate pricings. Consequently, the optimization significantly increases the power demand elasticity and increases the overall welfare by 10%, allowing the high shares of renewable energy sources that are foreseen.
Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur et technologie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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5

Partridge, James M. "Development of a micro-retarding potential analyzer for high-density flowing plasmas." Link to electronic thesis, 2005. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-111005-142414/.

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Анотація:
Thesis (M.S.)--Worcester Polytechnic Institute.
Keywords: Ion Energy Distribution; Current Collection Theory; Energy Diagnostic; Retarding Potential Analyzer; Electric Propulsion. Includes bibliographical references. (p.91-95)
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Johns, Gerald D. "Analyzing the potential impact of low-cost compact fluorescent lamps on a rural distribution system in the Tennessee Valley Authority service territory a thesis presented to the faculty of the Graduate School, Tennessee Technological University /." Click to access online, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=2000377731&SrchMode=1&sid=2&Fmt=6&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1279294449&clientId=28564.

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Liang, Meng. "Spatial organization of electric charges and discharge kinetics of nanofibers elaborated by electrospinning : application to the elaboration of 3D structured nanofibrous materials." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020STRAE002.

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L’electrospinning est un procédé permettant la production de matériaux nanofibreux sous l'action d'un champ électrostatique intense. Au cours du procédé, une solution de polymère en régime semi-dilué enchevêtré est introduite dans une aiguille métallique soumise à un potentiel électrique élevé. Lorsque le champ électrique entre l'aiguille et une contre-électrode métallique reliée à la terre électrique, appelée collecteur, est suffisamment fort (de l’ordre de 1 kV/cm), un jet de la solution est violemment éjecté vers le collecteur. Pendant le vol entre l'aiguille et le collecteur, le jet est soumis à des instabilités électro-hydrodynamiques qui provoquent des mouvements de fouet favorisant l'évaporation du solvant et la réduction du diamètre. Après un temps de vol de quelques ms, une nanofibre polymère solide est déposée sur le collecteur sous la forme d’un scaffold non-tissé. Lorsque la nanofibre chargée électriquement est mise en contact avec le collecteur, elle se décharge progressivement. La cinétique de la décharge électrique mais aussi la façon dont les charges sont réparties à la surface du matériau pendant le procédé déterminent l'organisation et la structuration 3D finale du scaffold.Les travaux de cette thèse ont consisté à mesurer les charges électriques portées par la nanofibre lors de son dépôt mais aussi à étudier comment ces charges se dissipent dans la membrane et dans le temps, une fois la nanofibre déposée. Cette étude a ensuite été appliquée au développement de scaffolds nanofibreux de structure contrôlée en 3D
Electrospinning is a process allowing the production of nanofibrous materials under the action of an intense electrostatic field. During the process, a polymer solution in a semi-diluted entangled regime is fed to a metal needle submitted to a high electrical potential. When the electric field between the needle and a metal counter electrode connected to the electrical ground, called a collector, is strong enough (i.e. about 1 kV/cm), a jet of the solution is violently ejected towards the collector. During the flight between the needle and the collector, the jet is subjected to electro-hydro-dynamic instabilities resulting in whipping movements that promote solvent evaporation and diameter reduction. After a flight time of a few ms, a solid polymer nanofiber in the form of a non-woven membrane is deposited on the collector. When the electrically charged nanofibre is brought into contact with the collector, it gradually discharges. The kinetics of electrical discharge but also the way in which the charges are distributed on the surface of the material during the process determine the organization and the final 3D structuring of the membrane.The work of this thesis consisted in measuring the electrical charges carried by the nanofibre during its deposition but also in studying how these charges dissipate in the membrane and over time once the nanofibre has been deposited. This study was then applied to develop nanofiber membranes with a controlled 3D structure
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Volat, Christophe. "Modélisation physique et numérique par la méthode des éléments finis de frontière de la distribution du potentiel et du champ électrique le long d'un isolateur standard de poste 735 KV recouvert de glace /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 2002. http://theses.uqac.ca.

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Beaude, Olivier. "Modélisation et optimisation de l'interaction entre véhicules électriques et réseaux d'électricité : apport de la théorie des jeux." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS131/document.

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Cette thèse étudie l'interaction technico-économique entre véhicules électriques et réseaux d'électricité. Le développement récent de la mobilité électrique invite en effet à analyser les impacts potentiels de la recharge de ces véhicules sur les réseaux électriques, mais aussi le soutien que ceux-ci pourraient apporter dans les réseaux du futur. Ce travail s'inscrit résolument dans le cadre des réseaux d'électricité intelligents ; la plupart des résultats de cette thèse s'appliquent tout aussi bien à un lave-linge, un chauffe-eau, une télévision tant que l'on leur prête la capacité d'intelligence ! Dès lors que les décisions des consommateurs électriques flexibles interagissent, ce cadre d'étude offre un terrain de jeu propice aux outils de théorie des jeux. Ceux-ci ont un apport direct lorsque le problème considéré a un fondement stratégique, mais leur application permet aussi de proposer des solutions sur des aspects où la théorie des jeux n'est pas forcément attendue : algorithmique, dans l'échange d'information entre acteurs, etc. La description de cet apport est l'objet principal de ce travail de thèse et se décompose en trois parties. En fil rouge, le cas des profils de charge rectangulaires – soutenus par de nombreux arguments pratiques mais souvent délaissés par les chercheurs – est analysé. En premier lieu, des questions algorithmiques se posent pour coordonner la charge de véhicules électriques dans un même périmètre du système électrique. Proposant et étudiant un algorithme de coordination, il est montré comment les propriétés fondamentales de celui-ci - sa convergence, l'efficacité de ses points de convergence – peuvent être déduite d'un jeu auxiliaire sous-jacent. L'analyse de ce jeu est faite en montrant qu'il appartient à la classe des jeux de potentiel, sous des hypothèses physiques et économiques très générales. Sur le plan de l'échange d'information, un modèle est proposé pour réfléchir à la bonne communication entre un opérateur du réseau et un véhicule. Ces deux agents ont intérêt à communiquer pour planifier la charge intelligente du véhicule électrique, mais ont des objectifs distincts. Ce cadre est très proche du Cheap-talk en théorie des jeux, mais aussi de la problématique de la quantification en traitement du signal. Ce travail tisse au passage des liens entre ces sujets. Il propose aussi une méthode pour que l'agent du réseau et le véhicule s'accordent hors-ligne sur un bon mécanisme d'échange d'information. Enfin, la théorie des jeux est appliquée dans un cadre plus habituel, pour analyser le jeu des acteurs. Ceci est fait quand des ensembles de véhicules de taille importante, vus comme des flottes, cohabitent avec des véhicules individuels. Ceci offre un terrain de jeu applicatif aux outils très récents des jeux composites. Dans ces trois directions de recherche, des simulations sont effectuées dans le cadre d'un réseau de distribution d'électricité, maille du système électrique qui pourrait vivre des impacts significatifs si la charge est non-coordonnée. En particulier, elles montrent la robustesse des méthodes proposées face aux incertitudes sur les données lorsque des profils de charge rectangulaires sont considérés
This thesis studies the technical and economical interaction between electric vehicles and electrical networks. The recent development of electric mobility leads to the analysis of potential impacts of electric vehicle charging on the electrical networks, but also to the possible support that these particular electric consumers could provide in the future smart grids. In this direction, most of the results given in this thesis also apply to a washing machine, a water-heater, a TV, as soon as these equipments are capable of being smart! When the decisions of flexible electric consumers interact, the considered framework naturally offers a unique exercise area for the tools of game-theory. The interpretation is straightforward when the considered problem is strategic by definition, but these tools allow also shedding light on other aspects: algorithmic coordination, information exchange, etc. The description of the benefits of using game-theory in this context is the aim of this work. This is done according to three aspects. In these three directions, a particular attention is drawn to the case of rectangular charging profiles, which are very practical, but often ignored by the literature. First, algorithmic issues arise when coordinating the charging of electric vehicles in a same area of the electrical network. A charging algorithm is proposed and analyzed. This is done by studying an underlying auxiliary game. This game is proved to belong to the class of potential games under very general physical and economic assumptions. In turn, it inherits from the strong properties of this class of games, namely convergence and an efficiency result in the case of a large number of electric vehicles. Considering information exchange, a model is proposed to design a good communication scheme between an operator of the electrical system and an electric vehicle. Both agents have an interest in exchanging information to schedule optimally the charging profile of the electric vehicle but they do not share the same objective. This framework is closely related to Cheap-talk in game theory and to quantization in signal processing. Amongst others, this work explains interesting connections between both topics. Furthermore, a method, which is used offline, is given to obtain a good communication mechanism between both agents. Finally, game theory is used in its traditional form, studying the strategic interaction when groups of a large number of electric vehicles – seen as fleets – coexist with individual vehicles. This allows the application of the very recent concept of composite games. In the three parts of the work, simulations are conducted in a French realistic distribution network, which could be the first part of the electrical system severely impacted by a non-coordinated charging. This highlights the robustness of rectangular charging profiles against forecasting errors on the parameters of the models
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Білан, Анатолій Валентинович. "Послідовна електроерозійна та електрохімічна обробка сталей незмінним дротяним електродом". Doctoral thesis, Київ, 2013. https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/3166.

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Книги з теми "The distribution of electric potentials"

1

Taylor, William R. Evaluation of potential energy loss reduction and savings for U.S. Army electrical distribution systems. [Champaign, Ill.]: US Army Corps of Engineers, Construction Engineering Research Laboratories, 1993.

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2

Electric distribution systems. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley-IEEE Press, 2010.

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Sallam, Abdelhay A., and Om P. Malik. Electric Distribution Systems. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470943854.

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4

Electric power distribution handbook. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2004.

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5

Electric power distribution reliability. 2nd ed. New York: Marcel Dekker, 2009.

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6

E, Brown Richard. Electric Power Distribution Reliability. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc., 2003.

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Electric power distribution reliability. New York: Marcel Dekker, 2002.

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Shahnia, Farhad, Ali Arefi, and Gerard Ledwich, eds. Electric Distribution Network Planning. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7056-3.

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Brown, Richard E. Electric power distribution reliability. New York, NY: Marcel Dekker, 2003.

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10

Engineers, Institution of Electrical, ed. Distribution switchgear. London: Institution of Electrical Engineers, 2004.

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Частини книг з теми "The distribution of electric potentials"

1

Gamayunov, N. I. "Electric Potentials Distribution for Particles Located in Solution." In Mathematical Models of Non-Linear Excitations, Transfer, Dynamics, and Control in Condensed Systems and Other Media, 251–56. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4799-0_22.

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Vasudeva, A. M., and H. C. Gururaj. "Electrical Field and Potential Distribution Simulation of 220 kV Porcelain String Insulator Using COMSOL Multiphysics." In Advances in Renewable Energy and Electric Vehicles, 175–88. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1642-6_14.

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Riel, Stefanie, Mohammad Bashiri, Werner Hemmert, and Siwei Bai. "Computational Models of Brain Stimulation with Tractography Analysis." In Brain and Human Body Modeling 2020, 101–17. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45623-8_6.

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AbstractComputational human head models have been used in studies of brain stimulation. These models have been able to provide useful information that can’t be acquired or difficult to acquire from experimental or imaging studies. However, most of these models are purely volume conductor models that overlooked the electric excitability of axons in the white matter of the brain. We hereby combined a finite element (FE) model of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) with a whole-brain tractography analysis as well as the cable theory of neuronal excitation. We have reconstructed a whole-brain tractogram with 2000 neural fibres from diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance scans and extracted the information on electrical potential from the FE ECT model of the same head. Two different electrode placements and three different white matter conductivity settings were simulated and compared. We calculated the electric field and second spatial derivatives of the electrical potential along the fibre direction, which describes the activating function for homogenous axons, and investigated sensitive regions of white matter activation. Models with anisotropic white matter conductivity yielded the most distinctive electric field and activating function distribution. Activation was most likely to appear in regions between the electrodes where the electric potential gradient is most pronounced.
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Mazighi, R., J. P. Hansen, and B. Bernu. "Influence of Effective Interionic Potentials on the Low Frequency Electric Microfield Distributions in Dense Semi-Classical Hydrogen Plasmas." In Strongly Coupled Plasma Physics, 549–58. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1891-0_48.

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Manners, Joy. "Electric currents." In Static Fields and Potentials, 93–129. New York: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429187797-4.

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Benguesmia, Hani, Nassima M’Ziou, and Ahmed Boubakeur. "AC Flashover: An Analysis with Influence of the Pollution, Potential and Electric Field Distribution on High Voltage Insulator." In Applied Condition Monitoring, 269–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14532-7_28.

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Manners, Joy. "Gravitational and electric potential." In Static Fields and Potentials, 53–92. New York: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429187797-3.

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Manners, Joy. "Gravitational and electric forces and fields." In Static Fields and Potentials, 7–52. New York: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429187797-2.

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Ostertag, Katrin. "Case study of electric motors." In No-regret Potentials in Energy Conservation, 195–252. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag HD, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57342-2_8.

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Muñoz-Delgado, Gregorio, Javier Contreras, and José M. Arroyo. "Distribution System Expansion Planning." In Electric Distribution Network Planning, 1–39. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7056-3_1.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "The distribution of electric potentials"

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Ye, Qiang, Xi Wang, Jingwei Deng, Hao Xu, Wei Wang, and Huaqiang Li. "Analysis of Electric Energy Substitution Potential Forecasting." In 2018 China International Conference on Electricity Distribution (CICED). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ciced.2018.8592422.

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Shen, Yu, and Baocheng Yang. "Electric potential distribution of metal-metal junction." In Third International Conference on Thin Film Physics and Applications, edited by Shixun Zhou, Yongling Wang, Yi-Xin Chen, and Shuzheng Mao. SPIE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.300725.

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Lopez, S., J. Caicedo, M. Mamani, A. A. Romero, and G. Ratta. "Literature review: Potential impacts of plug-in electric vehicles on electric power systems." In 2014 IEEE PES Transmission & Distribution Conference and Exposition - Latin America (PES T&D-LA). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tdc-la.2014.6955255.

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Martin, Thomas, Francois Pigache, and Stephane Martin. "Measurement of the electric potential distribution on piezoelectric ceramic surface." In 2013 IEEE 11th International Workshop of Electronics, Control, Measurement, Signals and their application to Mechatronics (ECMSM). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ecmsm.2013.6648974.

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Yan, Xiuke, Yanbing Li, Cunzhan Yu, Jiaxun Wang, and Liyang Liu. "Numerical Calculation of Electric Field and Potential Distribution for HVDC Insulator." In 2012 IEEE PES Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference (APPEEC). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/appeec.2012.6307312.

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Mohagheghi, Salman, Babak Parkhideh, and Subhashish Bhattacharya. "Inductive power transfer for electric vehicles: Potential benefits for the distribution grid." In 2012 IEEE International Electric Vehicle Conference (IEVC). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ievc.2012.6183266.

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Braunagel, J., W. Renz, P. Vuthi, H. Zarif, H. Wiechmann, and H. SchFers. "Determination of load schedules and load shifting potentials of a high number of electrical consumers using mass simulation." In 22nd International Conference and Exhibition on Electricity Distribution (CIRED 2013). Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp.2013.1240.

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Wu, Di, Chengrui Cai, and Dionysios C. Aliprantis. "Potential impacts of aggregator-controlled plug-in electric vehicles on distribution systems." In 2011 4th IEEE International Workshop on Computational Advances in Multi-Sensor Adaptive Processing (CAMSAP). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/camsap.2011.6135898.

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Raths, S., J. Brandt, A. Schnettler, J. Eckstein, T. Sowa, and T. Pollok. "Market potential analysis for the provision of balancing reserve with a fleet of electric vehicles." In 22nd International Conference and Exhibition on Electricity Distribution (CIRED 2013). Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp.2013.0842.

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Liu, Kun, De-chun Ba, Guang-yu Du, Zhi-yong Wu, and Fang Fang. "Computer modeling of electric potential distribution of ion transport in rectangular Nanofluidic Channel." In 2010 3rd IEEE International Conference on Computer Science and Information Technology (ICCSIT 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccsit.2010.5564890.

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Звіти організацій з теми "The distribution of electric potentials"

1

Zhou, Li. A Retarding-potential Analyzer for Measuring Energy Distributions in Electron Beams. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.6628.

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Bass, Robert, and Nicole Zimmerman. Impacts of Electric Vehicle Charging on Electric Power Distribution Systems. Portland State University Library, September 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/trec.145.

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ANDREWS, J. W. ENERGY SAVINGS POTENTIALS IN RESIDENTIAL AND SMALL COMMERCIAL THERMAL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS - AN UPDATE. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15006982.

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Homer, Juliet S., Alan L. Cooke, Lisa Schwartz, Greg Leventis, Francisco Flores-Espino, and Michael Coddington. State Engagement in Electric Distribution System Planning. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1561278.

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Glass, Jim, Alexander M. Melin, Michael R. Starke, and Ben Ollis. Chattanooga Electric Power Board Case Study Distribution Automation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1329733.

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Peter McKenny. Electric Utility Transmission and Distribution Line Engineering Program. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1000951.

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Tang, Yingying, Juliet S. Homer, Thomas E. McDermott, Michael Coddington, Benjamin Sigrin, and Barry Mather. Summary of Electric Distribution System Analyses with a focus on DERs. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1367388.

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Barnes, P. R. The Integration of Renewable Energy Sources into Electric Power Distribution Systems. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/814204.

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Hendrickson, P. L., and R. F. Darwin. Decision factors affecting transmission and distribution efficiency improvements by Northwest electric utilities. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6153852.

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Linger, Steve P., and Carleton James Coffrin. Demonstration of Ciclops and Electric Distribution Damage in the AGAVE Web Application (slides). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1330640.

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