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Статті в журналах з теми "Temporary migrants"
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Khondker, Habibul Haque. "Class, identity, and insecurity: Bangladeshi temporary migrants in the United Arab Emirates." Current Sociology 66, no. 2 (November 23, 2017): 257–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011392117736310.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The main task of this article is to link the issue of the identity of migrants to the human security of migrants with temporary labor status. This article explores not only the politico-economic circumstances of temporary labor migration amid conditions of insecurity, vulnerability, and precarity, and its social and cultural underpinnings, which are mediated by migrants’ class position, but also the consequences on temporary migrants’ identities. The temporary migrant workers from Bangladesh in the Gulf Coordinating Council (GCC) countries including the United Arab Emirates (UAE) belong to multiple spaces yet their families and homes are foremost anchors in their narratives of belonging. The space most temporary migrant workers occupy is glocal with a specific focus on geography as well as the community. The article addresses the class-based identity and human security of the temporary Bangladeshi migrants in the UAE.
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Koleth, Elsa. "Unsettling the Settler State: The State and Social Outcomes of Temporary Migration in Australia." Migration, Mobility, & Displacement 3, no. 1 (August 24, 2017): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.18357/mmd31201717072.
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The exponential growth of temporary migration to Australia since the late 1990s has unsettled the model of permanent migration, state supported settlement and multicultural citizenship on which Australia has been built. This article draws attention to the emergence of a gulf between Australia’s immigration policies and social policy frameworks for migrant integration in the course of Australia’s transition from a permanent to a temporary migration paradigm. It does so through an analysis of interviews with migrants, government officials at federal and local levels, and migrant service providers. It argues that the system by which temporary migration has been governed in Australia has enabled the Australian state to strategically divest itself of responsibility for the social welfare of temporary migrants and the long-term outcomes of temporary migration policies. Specifically, this has been achieved through the construction of temporary migrants as disposable, risk-bearing subjects, the exclusion of temporary migrants from social policy frameworks for migrant integration, and the elision of long-term social outcomes of migration policies through a focus on short-term economic outcomes. It concludes by pointing to changes required for instituting a temporal re-orientation of government policies from short-term economic outcomes towards the long-term social outcomes of migration.
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Tierney, Robert. "Inter‐ethnic and labour‐community coalitions in class struggle in Taiwan since the advent of temporary immigration." Journal of Organizational Change Management 21, no. 4 (July 4, 2008): 482–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09534810810884876.
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PurposeThis paper aims to analyse the class dimensions of racism in Taiwan against temporary migrant workers and migrants' efforts to build inter‐ethnic and labour‐community coalitions in struggle against racism.Design/methodology/approachAn important source of data for this study were the unstructured interview. Between September 2000 and December 2005, more than 50 temporary migrants and their support groups in Taiwan were interviewed, specifically about migrants' experiences of racism and their resistance strategies. These interviews were conducted face‐to‐face, sometimes with the assistance of translators. Between 2001 and 2007, some 70 people were interviewed by telephone, between Australia and Taiwan.FindingsIn Taiwan, temporary migrants suffer the racism of exploitation in that capital and the state “racially” categorize them as suitable only for the lowest paid and least appealing jobs. Migrants also suffer neglect by and exclusion from the labour unions. However, migrants have succeeded, on occasions, in class mobilization by building powerful inter‐ethnic ties as well as coalitions with some labor unions, local organizations and human rights lobbies.Research limitations/implicationsThe research raises implications for understanding the economic, social and political conditions which influence the emergence of inter‐ethnic bonds and labour‐community coalitions in class struggle.Practical implicationsThe research will contribute to a greater appreciation among Taiwan's labour activists of the real subordination of temporary migrant labour to capital and of the benefits of supporting migrants' mobilization efforts. These benefits can flow not only to migrants but also to the labour unions.Originality/valueA significant body of academic literature has recently emerged on temporary and illegal migrants' efforts to engage the union movements of industrialized host countries. There is a dearth, however, of academic research on the capacity of temporary migrants to invigorate union activism in Asia, including Taiwan.
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Hallett, Miranda Cady. "Temporary Protection, Enduring Contradiction: The Contested and Contradictory Meanings of Temporary Immigration Status." Law & Social Inquiry 39, no. 03 (2014): 621–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/lsi.12081.
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In the construction of immigration status categories in law and social practice, the power of the nation‐state to define migrants’ status is pervasive but far from absolute. In this article, I examine the conditioned legality known as Temporary Protected Status (TPS) in US immigration law through a discussion of legal structures, historical frames, local discourses, and Salvadoran migrants’ lived experiences with liminal legality in rural Arkansas in the first decade of the twenty‐first century. I argue that migration policy, though fraught with ambiguity and contradiction (see Coutin 2007; Coutin and Yngvesson 2008), functions both to reproduce and to mask the benefits to the nation‐state from the ambiguous inclusion and simultaneous exclusion of migrant workers. In spite of the efficacious ways immigration policies discipline and constrain, within these limits migrants, legal practitioners, and others respond as critical agents to the policy structures shaping their lives.
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Tan, George, Andreas Cebulla, Anna Ziersch, and Andrew Taylor. "Australia’s State Specific and Regional Migration Schemes: exploring permanent and temporary skilled migration outcomes in South Australia." Australian Population Studies 3, no. 2 (November 17, 2019): 16–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.37970/aps.v3i2.50.
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Background Recent concerns about population growth and its consequences in Sydney and Melbourne have added momentum to the debate on ways to achieve a more even geographic distribution of population. However, there is little contemporary evidence about the impact of regionally-focused immigration policies in delivering positive migrant outcomes and easing pressures in major cities.Aims The aim of this paper is to compare migration, employment and settlement outcomes between permanent and temporary skilled migrants to South Australia (SA) as well as the factors influencing migrants’ decisions to move into and out of the State. Data and methods Data in this paper draws on the South Australian General Skilled Migrant survey of State-sponsored skilled migrants conducted by The University of Adelaide in 2015. Results Lifestyle and employment factors were important in decisions to come to, stay or leave SA. Permanent migrants were more likely to choose SA as a destination because it was perceived as a good place to raise a family, while temporary migrants were more likely to cite employment. Temporary visa holders had relatively poor employment outcomes. Conclusions Temporary and permanent visa holders experienced different settlement and employment outcomes, demonstrating that a more detailed understanding of migrant characteristics and outcomes may be useful in designing and evaluating regionally-focused migration initiatives.
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John, Stanley. "Conceptualizing Temporary Economic Migration to Kuwait." Mission Studies 32, no. 2 (June 3, 2015): 234–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15733831-12341402.
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Migrant religious communities dot the landscape of every major city on the globe. Migrant churches formed by temporary economic migrants from India, the Philippines, Egypt and Nigeria are found in each of the six Arabian Gulf countries. How do we begin to understand the migrant churches in this region? This article posits that migrant churches must be studied in light of their specific geographical contexts, the migratory system at work in their contexts, and with attention to the complexity embodied by the various types of migrants. We will employ this model to analyze the case of Kerala Pentecostal churches in Kuwait.We begin with a demographic analysis of the context of Kuwait, which will capture the ethnic and religious composition of the country. In the next section, we deal specifically with conceptualizing the phenomenon of temporary economic migration. After demonstrating that migrant experience differs significantly based on migrant social location, the article identifies seven key determinants of migrant social location: skill level, length of tenure, employer, type of visa, migration network, family reunification, and ethnicity and religion. The article employs this model to analyze the practice of faith among the Kerala Pentecostal churches along three foci of worship, community and service.
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Lee, Sohoon, and Nicola Piper. "Migrant Domestic Workers as ‘Agents’ of Development in Asia." European Journal of East Asian Studies 16, no. 2 (2017): 220–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700615-01602003.
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Temporary contract migration represents the predominant form of legal migration policy in Asia. With its rationale of the filling of jobs and provision of income-generating opportunities, it is linked to the migration–development nexus debate. This paper focuses on the impact of migrants’ agency as development actors within a transnational sphere. The mainstream migration–development nexus debate and policy prescriptions imagine diaspora groups as the ideal conduit for grassroots-driven development initiatives. While ‘diaspora group-led’ initiatives assume long-term, if not permanent, migration, temporary migration creates a dynamic that is fundamentally distinct. Temporality of migration, as mandated by bilateral agreements and promoted by global institutions in Asia, shapes migrant agency and migrants’ development aspirations in essentially different ways, but temporary contract migrants are nevertheless constructed as the ‘agents of development’ at the macro level of politics and policies, while receiving limited research attention. This paper analyses temporality, migrant agency and the migration–development nexus debate in relation to female domestic workers who epitomise the feminisation of migration and constitute the largest number of newly hired migrants in many key source countries in Southeast Asia. This introduces a gender dimension to our discussion of temporary migration in its link to migrants’ developmental agency.
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Tazreiter, Claudia. "Temporary migrants as an uneasy presence in immigrant societies: Reflections on ambivalence in Australia." International Journal of Comparative Sociology 60, no. 1-2 (February 2019): 91–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020715219835891.
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This article explores the status of temporariness in international migration. The focus is on the impact of temporary status on migrants’ actions, behavior, and emotional responses to the daily circumstances in negotiating everyday life. Ambivalence is evaluated as an explanatory category that allows particular insight into strategies of resistance used by temporary migrants as they navigate a host society besides maintaining connections with home. Original data obtained from in-depth interviews with Indonesian migrant workers and students undertaking temporary migration projects in Australia is discussed. The case study explored in this article identifies some of the core problems temporary migrants face as encapsulated by a deficit of rights and protections that, at the same time, are expected by members of liberal states. Temporary status turns migrants into nomadic global laborers. The article argues that actions and responses that appear to be ambivalent are far from irrational, hasty, or disloyal. Rather, migrants’ decision-making in response to the uncertain and shifting economic and sociocultural environments that they enter often comprises subtle calibrations and switching actions, observable as ambivalence, in adjusting to the unanticipated demands of a new society.
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Harper, Robin A., and Hani Zubida. "Thinking about the meaning of time among temporary labor migrants in Israel." Time & Society 29, no. 2 (March 30, 2020): 536–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0961463x20909194.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
When thinking about time and migration, time appears to be the obvious unchangeable independent variable—linear, uniform, and constant—affecting migrants’ experiences. However, what if we reimagine time as a dependent variable affected by migration? Time, thus, is not linear but layered, malleable, and potentially even liquid. Migrants weave time with space, generating past, present, and future, forming multiple simultaneous “heres,” “theres,” and “in-betweens.” A subset of migrants, temporary labor migrants, provides an interesting opportunity to consider how migration affects time (including the perception of time). States permit temporary labor migrants to immigrate only because they consent to emigrate after a predetermined, contracted period. In this paper, we consider what it means to enter into such “migration time” arrangements that warp, transform, and curtail time for migrants, their children, employers, community members, left-behind families, and the state. Migrants’ children who typically exist outside state-brokered labor migration deals develop alternate timescapes from their migrant parents. Based on the analysis of interview data and complementary follow-up conversations with 43 temporary labor migrants in Israel from 11 different countries, we examine how the migration process creates nonlinear time and how migrants discover, lament, manage, enjoy, and struggle with multiple timescapes. Building on the work of Saulo Cwerner, we replicate his model on time and migration to show general patterns for immigrants and modes particular to temporary labor migrants including time ruptures, freedom time (short-term opportunities), and ambiguous time (fuzzy continuities).
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Yang, Min, Martin Dijst, and Marco Helbich. "Mental Health among Migrants in Shenzhen, China: Does it Matter Whether the Migrant Population is Identified by Hukou or Birthplace?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 12 (November 27, 2018): 2671. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15122671.
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Massive rural–urban migration in China has drawn attention to the prevalence of mental health problems among migrants. Research on the mental health of Chinese migrants has a narrow focus on rural–urban migrants, emphasizing the institutional role of hukou in migrant mental health. We argue that the heterogeneity of migrants, including their place of origin and whether they are temporary or permanent migrants, should be taken into account when trying to understand the meaning of migration as an actual movement from one place to another. The data used for this study is from a cross-sectional survey (N = 855) conducted in Shenzhen to compare the differences in migrants’ mental health that arise when using the two definitions (e.g., hukou and birthplace). Binary logistic regression models were estimated to assess the associations between people’s mental health and migration, while controlling for settlement experiences, self-reported physical health, and sociodemographics. The results reveal inconsistent findings across both definitions: general migrants by birthplace were found to be unlikely to have mental problems compared to non-migrants, whereas temporary migrants were at higher risk of mental problems. The study provides important evidence that different migrant groups have different mental health outcomes. The choice of the definition used influences both migrant group selection and the actual linkage between migration and mental health.
Дисертації з теми "Temporary migrants"
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Corsellis, Thomas. "The selection of sites for temporary settlements for forced migrants." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.621216.
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Waite, Catherine. "Professional cricket migrants 'going Down Under' : temporary, skilled, international migration?" Thesis, Loughborough University, 2015. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/18483.
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The significance of flows of temporary, skilled labour migrants under conditions of globalization is widely acknowledged. Using a case study of elite cricket professionals moving from the UK to Australia for a maximum duration of 6 months, out and return migration flows and processes are examined. In doing so, this thesis exposes migration motives, notably in relation to career progression and personal development, and the processes and regulations that control temporary sojourns. Furthermore, the discussion reveals important social, cultural, economic and familial impacts of undertaking temporary, skilled, international migration. Using this case study of a sport-led migration, a largely under-researched occupational sector in migration studies, a number of theoretical, conceptual and empirical contributions are provided, which advance knowledge of skilled, international migration. First, utilising Bourdieu's (1986) notions of capital as an analytical framework, the comparative importance of migration motives are emphasised. Second, it is shown that migration can be viewed as a normalised aspect of a skilled worker's career trajectory, and that desired outcomes can be achieved during increasingly temporary stays overseas. Third, a three phase model of the migration flow is adopted to enable the development of professionalization and migration within cricket to be examined. It is asserted that cricket, as a professional sport, has changed under conditions of globalization, alongside smaller scale developments initiated by both employers and intermediaries, and the migrant cricketers. It is concluded that these connections will have salience for the other skilled occupations identified in Salt's (1997) typology of highly-skilled migrants.
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Bosák, Martin. "Dočasný příbytek migrantů - přijímací a pobytové středisko." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-355015.
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The content of the thesis is an architectural study of the temporary accommodation of migrants and finding a suitable location on the territory of the city of Brno. The choice of land suitable for construction must meet not only the technical requirements but also take into account the sensitive public relation to this type of equipment. The location of the Malměřice-Obřany district in Brno, currently managed as a brownfield, meets all the requirements and contributes to the reclamation of urban space.
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Urzi, Domenica. "Migrant workers, temporary labour and employment in Southern Europe : a case study on migrants working in the agricultural informal economy of Sicily." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2015. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/28737/.
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This thesis explores the migratory experience mainly of Tunisian and Romanian workers in the agricultural informal economy of Sicily (Italy), based on observation and 30 semi-structured interviews. Starting from the reasons behind the decision to migrate and the expectations towards their migratory experience, this thesis argues that family’s needs are central motivational factors for the majority of the people who were part of my study and that the migratory experience tends to transform conventional gendering and parenting roles. The thesis also investigates the strategies used by Tunisian and Romanian migrants to enter the Italian territory and to be recruited in the agricultural sector. My data suggested that social capital (or the lack of it) and social networks are essential resources to enter the Italian territory and its labour market and to remain active within it. Furthermore, the thesis claims that the interaction between the widespread informal employment in Southern Europe and discriminating forms of citizenship creates a paradoxical situation where newly European Romanian workers have more opportunity to negotiate with employers within the informal economy, whereas non-European people must seek contractual work within the formal labour market to justify their immigration status, making them more vulnerable to exploitation by deceitful employers. For this reason an imaginary continuum line has been developed in the last two chapters of the thesis to highlight how discriminatory citizenship status interacts with the informal labour economy of the agricultural sector of Sicily, exacerbating unequal power relations and labour exploitation. By stretching the concept of the ‘camp’ developed by Agamben (1998), the informal economy will be considered as a dimension where people’s rights are severely undermined. The thesis nonetheless asserts that recognition of human dignity and human rights offer a form of utopian critique that might be considered positive as it stands outside the limitations of national forms of citizenship and points to more inclusive ideas of global citizenship.
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Du, Huimin. "Community sentiments and the stay-leave intention : a study of temporary migrants in villages-in-the-city in Guangzhou." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2011. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1302.
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Sambou, Césarine. "Paludisme du retour : une anthropologie du risque palustre chez les voyageurs migrants originaires d'Afrique subsaharienne de Bordeaux." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0215/document.
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La France est le pays industrialisé le plus touché par le paludisme d’importation avec environ 4735 de cas importés et répertoriés en 2016. Les voyageurs migrants, originaires des pays où sévit le paludisme et résidant en France, représentent 82,2 % des cas d’infections palustres. Cette thèse cherche principalement à analyser la question du recours à la prévention du risque palustre auprès des voyageurs migrants originaires des pays d’Afrique Subsaharienne de Bordeaux. À partir d’observations directes et d’entretiens individuels avec différents acteurs, cette recherche montre une hétérogénéité des situations d’exposition au risque palustre lors du retour temporaire au pays d’origine. Ce risque dépend des situations expérientielles, et socio-économiques, ainsi que des charges qu’il est supposé y assumer. Lorsque ces charges sont importantes, le voyageur migrant a tendance à hiérarchiser les risques, avec une non-priorisation du palustre au profit du risque de « toubabisation », socialement moins accepté. La non-priorisation du risque de paludisme est accentuée par une perception banalisante, ordinaire et quotidienne du paludisme en contexte de migration et par le non-remboursement de la chimioprophylaxie par la Caisse Nationale Assurance Maladie. Ce travail montre que le non recours à la chimioprophylaxie est influencé par l’absence d’expérience du paludisme en France et de paludisme grave dans le pays d’origine. Souvent, il faut que l’expérience de cette maladie soit vécue et perçue dans le pays d’accueil pour qu’elle induise un changement de perception et donc, un recours futur à la prévention. Sur le plan thérapeutique, cette thèse met en évidence des retards de diagnostic du paludisme en médecine générale. Ces retards sont causés par l’absence d’association de la « fièvre du retour » et des symptômes associés à un accès palustre, et par son « exotisme » en France. À ce titre, cette recherche apporte une contribution aux réflexions dans les champs de l’anthropologie de la santé et de l’anthropologie du risque lié au voyage avec comme exemple les voyageurs migrants exposés au risque palustreFrance is the industrialized country most assigned by import malaria with around 4735 imported and registered cases in 2016. Migrant travelers from malaria-affected countries residing in France account for 82.2% of all malaria cases. malaria infections. This thesis mainly seeks to analyze the issue of the use of malaria risk prevention among migrant travelers from sub-Saharan African countries in Bordeaux. Based on direct observations and individual interviews with different actors, this research shows the heterogeneity of situations of exposure to malaria risk during temporary return to the country of origin. This risk depends on the experiential and socio-economic situations, as well as the burdens it is supposed to assume. When these burdens are significant, the migrant traveler tends to prioritize the risks, with a non-prioritization of malaria control in favor of the risk of “toubabisation”, socially less accepted. The non-prioritization of the risk of malaria is accentuated by a banal, ordinary and daily perception of malaria in the context of migration and by the non-reimbursement of chemoprophylaxis by the National Health Insurance Fund. This work shows that the non-use of chemoprophylaxis is influenced by the lack of experience of malaria in France and severe malaria in the country of origin. Often, the experience of this disease must be experienced and perceived in the host country to induce a change of perception and therefore a future use of prevention. Therapeutically, this thesis highlights delayed diagnosis of malaria in general practice. These delays are caused by the lack of association of the “return fever” and symptoms associated with malaria, and by its “exoticism” in France. As such, this research contributes to reflections in the fields of anthropology of health and anthropology of travel risk, with the example of migrant travelers exposed to malaria risk
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Richter, Pavel. "Dočasný příbytek migrantů - přijímací a pobytové středisko." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-354996.
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This diploma thesis deals with the issue of crisis - the current issue in 2017. One of the issues is the need for the construction of a imigrant center in the Czech Republic. The locality in Brno was selected in Maloměřice. The location of the brownfield on the outskirts of the city district is used. The design is conceived as a closed block with two main diagonally inputs. The block is made up of two-storey buildings used for housing migrants. Within the block, there are two four-story buildings that serve as administration, maintenance, catering, education and leisure activities, ie all other activities except housing.
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Carvalho, Dorinny Lisboa de. "Distribuição espacial e temporal de aves limícolas (Charadriiformes) na Ilha dos Caranguejos, Golfão Maranhense, Brasil." Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2008. http://tedebc.ufma.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/539.
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Previous issue date: 2008-12-12PETRÓLEO BRASILEIRO S.A.
We studied spatial and seasonal distribution of shorebirds (Charadriiformes) in Island of Caranguejos, Gulf of Maranhão. Censuses were conducted seasonally (considering arrival of migrants in South America, wintering, departure and breeding in North America) from September/2007 to July/2008, in two sectors of Island, North and South. We used the methods of point count, transect and estimate. The North Sector showed greater richness, the South, most abundance. The North Sector did not show differences in number of individuals or significantly different (Kruskal-Wallis, H = 1.0163, df = 3, P = 0.7973) between the periods. The Southern Sector showed greater abundance in the arrival (35,046) winter (35,708), decline in departure (20,046) and increasing of abundance in reproductive period (92), showed no significantly different (Kruskal-Wallis , H = 4.1596, df = 3, P = 0.2447). Considering the total number of shorebirds, the following pattern was observed: high abundance during the period of arrival (46,698), and winter (41,263), followed by declines in the individuals numbers in departure (24,169) and reproductive (6071), not significantly different (Kruskal-Wallis, H = 28,892, df = 3, P = 0.4090). There was no significantly different considering the abundance of time of arrival (Mann-Whitney U = 44.00; Z = 0.7107, P = 0.4773), winter (Mann-Whitney U = 48.50; Z = 0.3909 P = 0.6959), departure (Mann-Whitney U = 38.00; Z = 11,371, P = 0.2555) and reproductive (Mann-Whitney U = 45.00; Z = 0.6396, P = 0 , 5224) between North and South. Temporal distribution showed a high abundance in the months September to November (autumn migration) and from December to February (winter) reducing the number of individuals in the months of March to May and low values were recorded from June to August, when the birds are breeding in Arctic. Calidris pusilla was the most abundant species in all periods. Spatial distribution was related to the change of tide. Island of Caranguejos is a important wintering site for migratory shorebirds, its conservation is important for maintenance of birds group in wild life.
Objetivou-se descrever a distribuição espacial e temporal de aves limícolas (Charadriiformes) na Ilha dos Caranguejos, Golfão maranhense. Os censos foram realizados sazonalmente (considerando a chegada dos migrantes na América do Sul, invernada, partida e reprodução na América do Norte) de setembro/2007 a julho/2008 em dois setores da Ilha, denominados Norte e Sul. Utilizou-se os métodos de ponto fixo, transecto e estimativa. O Setor Norte apresentou maior riqueza, o Sul, maior abundância. O Setor Norte não mostrou diferenças nítidas no número de indivíduos nem diferença significativa (Kruskal-Wallis, H= 1,0163; gl= 3; P= 0,7973) entre os períodos. O Setor Sul apresentou maior abundância no período de chegada (35.046) e invernada (35.708), com declínio no período de partida (20.046) e elevando o número de indivíduos no período reprodutivo (92), não mostrando diferença significativa (Kruskal- Wallis, H= 4,1596; gl= 3; P= 0,2447). Considerando o número total de aves limícolas, se deu o seguinte padrão: alta abundância no período de chegada (46.698) e invernada (41263), seguida por declínios nos números de indivíduos nos períodos de partida (24.169) e reprodutivo (6.071), não houve diferença significativa (Kruskal-Wallis, H= 28,892; gl= 3; P= 0.4090). Não houve diferença significativa da abundância considerando os períodos de chegada (Mann-Whitney U= 44,00; Z= 0,7107; P= 0,4773), invernada (Mann-Whitney U= 48,50; Z= 0,3909; P= 0,6959), partida (Mann-Whitney U= 38,00; Z= 11,371; P= 0,2555) e reprodutivo (Mann-Whitney U= 45,00; Z= 0,6396; P= 0,5224) entre os setores Norte e Sul. A distribuição temporal mostrou alta abundância nos meses setembro a novembro (migração de outono) e dezembro a fevereiro (invernada) diminuindo o número de indivíduos nos meses de março a maio e baixos valores nos meses de junho a agosto quando as aves estão se reproduzindo no Ártico. Calidris pusilla foi a espécie mais abundante em todos os períodos. A distribuição espacial se deu de acordo com a variação de maré. A Ilha dos Caranguejos se mostrou como um importante sítio de invernada de aves limícolas migratórias, sendo fundamental a conservação dessa área para a manutenção desse grupo de aves na vida silvestre.
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Melchior, Lirian [UNESP]. "Migrantes japoneses: um ciclo migratório : o caso de Londrina-PR." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96781.
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melchior_l_me_prud.pdf: 3678462 bytes, checksum: 358427388c06c2850c970a5c6c5c43bd (MD5)Procuramos analisar as migrações internacionais a partir da concepção da mobilidade do trabalho, ou seja, acreditamos que estas ocorrem, somente, impulsionadas pelo mercado e que estão inseridas dentro de um contexto político, econômico e social que propicia a mobilidade espacial de trabalhadores. Estas migrações assumem um caráter temporário, uma vez que o migrante se desloca por um período determinado almejando melhores rendimentos que lhe possibilite melhores condições de vida ao retornar ao país de origem. A pesquisa aborda o grupo de descendentes de japoneses de Londrina que vão trabalhar no Japão, na qualidade de trabalhadores não especializados, aproveitando a falta deste tipo de mão-de-obra naquele país, realizando o fluxo inverso de seus pais e avós que chegaram ao Brasil no início do século com perspectivas semelhantes, ou seja, poder retornar ao país e iniciar uma vida com melhores condições materiais. Procuramos, assim, trabalhar os dois momentos migratórios da comunidade nipo-brasileira; o de imigração, com a chegada dos japoneses no início do século e o de emigração com a partida de seus descendentes para o Japão. Acreditamos que, nas duas situações, a busca por melhores condições de vida foi determinante na decisão da partida, sendo um atrativo para a mobilidade da força de trabalho. Verificamos que ao migrar, o nikkei passa por algumas...
We tried to analyze the international migrations starting from the conception of the mobility of the work, that is, we believe that they occur only impelled by the market and that they are inside a politic, economic and social context which propitiates the workers the space mobility. These migrations assume a temporary aspect, since the migrant moves for a determined period of time trying to achieve better income, which will allow him/her better life condition upon arriving to his/her origin country. The research approaches the group of Japanese descendants from Londrina that goes to Japan to work as non-specialized workers, taking advantage of the lack of labor in that country, taking the opposite flow from their parents and grandparents who arrived in Brazil in the beginning of the century with the same perspectives, that is, returning to their country and begin a new life with better conditions. We tried to work on the two migratory moments of the nippo-brazilian community, the immigration, with the arriving of the Japanese in the beginning of the century, and the emigration, with the departure of their descendants to Japan. We believe that in the two situations, the search for better life conditions was determinant for the departure, attracting the mobility of the work power. We verified that when migrating, the nikkei goes through some difficulties related to the adaptation to the new country, with the relationship with the Japanese and the other Brazilian dekasseguis who assume a position of competitivity... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below)
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Melchior, Lirian. "Migrantes japoneses : um ciclo migratório : o caso de Londrina-PR /." Presidente Prudente : [s.n.], 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96781.
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Orientador: Alice Yatiyo AsariBanca: Eliseu Savério Sposito
Banca: Ruth Youko Tsukamato
Resumo: Procuramos analisar as migrações internacionais a partir da concepção da mobilidade do trabalho, ou seja, acreditamos que estas ocorrem, somente, impulsionadas pelo mercado e que estão inseridas dentro de um contexto político, econômico e social que propicia a mobilidade espacial de trabalhadores. Estas migrações assumem um caráter temporário, uma vez que o migrante se desloca por um período determinado almejando melhores rendimentos que lhe possibilite melhores condições de vida ao retornar ao país de origem. A pesquisa aborda o grupo de descendentes de japoneses de Londrina que vão trabalhar no Japão, na qualidade de trabalhadores não especializados, aproveitando a falta deste tipo de mão-de-obra naquele país, realizando o fluxo inverso de seus pais e avós que chegaram ao Brasil no início do século com perspectivas semelhantes, ou seja, poder retornar ao país e iniciar uma vida com melhores condições materiais. Procuramos, assim, trabalhar os dois momentos migratórios da comunidade nipo-brasileira; o de imigração, com a chegada dos japoneses no início do século e o de emigração com a partida de seus descendentes para o Japão. Acreditamos que, nas duas situações, a busca por melhores condições de vida foi determinante na decisão da partida, sendo um atrativo para a mobilidade da força de trabalho. Verificamos que ao migrar, o nikkei passa por algumas... (Resumo completo clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: We tried to analyze the international migrations starting from the conception of the mobility of the work, that is, we believe that they occur only impelled by the market and that they are inside a politic, economic and social context which propitiates the workers the space mobility. These migrations assume a temporary aspect, since the migrant moves for a determined period of time trying to achieve better income, which will allow him/her better life condition upon arriving to his/her origin country. The research approaches the group of Japanese descendants from Londrina that goes to Japan to work as non-specialized workers, taking advantage of the lack of labor in that country, taking the opposite flow from their parents and grandparents who arrived in Brazil in the beginning of the century with the same perspectives, that is, returning to their country and begin a new life with better conditions. We tried to work on the two migratory moments of the nippo-brazilian community, the immigration, with the arriving of the Japanese in the beginning of the century, and the emigration, with the departure of their descendants to Japan. We believe that in the two situations, the search for better life conditions was determinant for the departure, attracting the mobility of the work power. We verified that when migrating, the nikkei goes through some difficulties related to the adaptation to the new country, with the relationship with the Japanese and the other Brazilian dekasseguis who assume a position of competitivity... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below)
Mestre
Книги з теми "Temporary migrants"
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Dustmann, Christian. Temporary migration, human capital, and language fluency of migrants. London: Centre for Economic Policy Research, 1996.
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Bauer, Thomas. The savings behavior of temporary and permanent migrants in Germany. Bonn, Germany: IZA, 2005.
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Known faces, unknown life: Voices of temporary migrants in West Bengal. Kolkata: Gangchil, 2010.
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Xiao, Xinhuang. Ethnic resources or capitalist logic?: Taiwanese investment and Chinese temporary migrants in Vietnam. Taipei: Program for Southeast Asian Area Studies, 2001.
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Lenard, Patti Tamara, and Christine Straehle. Legislated inequality: Temporary labour migration in Canada. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2012.
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W, Simkins C. E., ed. Temporary necessities: The socio-economic impact of cross-border migrants in Gauteng and North West - a sectoral study. Johannesburg: Centre for Policy Studies, 1998.
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Migrant farm workers: The temporary people. New York: Franklin Watts, 1994.
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Steinhilper, Elias. Migrant Protest. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463722223.
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Migrant protest has proliferated worldwide in the last two decades, explicitly posing questions of identity, rights, and equality in a globalized world. Nonetheless, such mobilizations are often considered anomalies in social movement studies, and political sociology more broadly, due to "weak interests" and a particularly disadvantageous position of "outsiders" to claim rights connected to citizenship. In an attempt to address this seeming paradox, Migrant Protest: Interactive Dynamics in Precarious Mobilizations explores the interactions and spaces shaping the emergence, trajectory, and fragmentation of migrant protest in unfavorable contexts of marginalization. Such a perspective unveils both the odds of precarious mobilizations and the ways they can be temporarily overcome. While adopting the encompassing terminology of "migrant," this book focuses on precarious migrants, including both asylum seekers and "illegalized" migrants.
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Migración temporal y discurso en el sur de Guanajuato, México. Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid (España): Plaza y Valdés Editores, 2014.
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Muniandy, Parthiban. Politics of the temporary: An ethnography of migrant life in urban Malaysia. Petaling Jaya, Selangor: Strategic Information and Research Development Centre, 2015.
Знайти повний текст джерелаЧастини книг з теми "Temporary migrants"
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Montero, Carla Guerrón. "Panama's Temporary Migrants in the Tourism Era." In Intersections of Tourism, Migration, and Exile, 130–47. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003182689-8.
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Hoy, Caroline. "Family Planning and Fertility Among Temporary Migrants." In China's Economic Growth, 115–39. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780333977392_5.
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Iredale, Robyn. "International Approaches to Valuing the Professional Skills of Permanent and Temporary Migrants." In Asian Migrants and Education, 149–64. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0117-4_12.
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Triandafyllidou, Anna. "Spaces of Solidarity and Spaces of Exception: Migration and Membership During Pandemic Times." In Migration and Pandemics, 3–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81210-2_1.
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AbstractThis chapter starts by introducing the policy and political context of the Covid-19 crisis, surveying some of the changes it brought to immigration policies in different countries: border closures for non-citizens; disruption for temporary migrants; and special arrangements for essential (migrant) workers like doctors and nurses or farmworkers to ensure emergency wards are staffed and the food processing chain is not disrupted. The chapter critically reviews these changes and discusses the main analytical and policy questions which the book addresses. It investigates how the pandemic forces us to rethink notions like membership, citizenship, belonging, but also solidarity, community, essential services or ‘essential’ workers. Migrants expose tensions and contradictions within these concepts and values. Citizens (who may carry the virus) cannot be banned from return to the homeland as they travel internationally or domestically; by contrast, temporary migrants or asylum seekers may be locked in their dormitories because of an outbreak in their midst to prevent spread and protect the citizens. This chapter shows that the specific tensions of the global pandemic for migration are linked to the more long-term tensions of globalisation, migration, and the nation-state, suggesting that the pandemic is but a magnifying lens. The chapter concludes with an overview of the book’s contents.
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Quagliariello, Chiara. "Caring for Others, Managing Migrants: Local and Institutional Hospitality in Lampedusa (Italy)." In Migrant Hospitalities in the Mediterranean, 15–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56585-5_2.
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AbstractIn my chapter I analyze, first, the social elements explaining the hospitable, and not hostile, attitude Lampedusa inhabitants have shown over the years toward migrant people. I argue hospitality cannot be understood as a cultural element or an intrinsic characteristic of the Mediterranean identity. This attitude is mostly linked to historical dynamics and structural factors that characterize this Italian borderland. As the concept of reciprocity suggests, the fact that Lampedusa has historically been a place of emigration to Sicily and other Italian or Northern Africa regions led to a sort of identification with migrant people. At the same time, foreign migrants have always been temporary guests on this island. This situation facilitated, I suggest, the perception of migrants as non-dangerous visitors, unable to change the social landscape. Secondly, I explore the negative effects the transition in the perception of migrants from guests to take care to people the Italian state is entitled to manage has produced on the island. The replacement of a local model of hospitality based on informal practices and spontaneous places with an institutional model characterized by bureaucratic procedures and militarized sites led to a forced separation between local and migrant people.
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White, Bonnie. "Temporary Migrants: Home, Abroad, and Home Again, 1945–1964." In The Society for the Oversea Settlement of British Women, 1919-1964, 155–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-13348-1_6.
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Irudaya Rajan, S., Arya Suresh, and M. Mahalingam. "Experiences of Temporary Migrants in the Indian-European Transnational Space." In Characteristics of Temporary Migration in European-Asian Transnational Social Spaces, 45–58. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61258-4_3.
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Ślusarczyk, Magdalena, and Agnieszka Małek. "‘He Has a Better Chance Here, So We Stay’. Children’s Education and Parental Migration Decisions." In IMISCOE Research Series, 67–85. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67615-5_5.
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AbstractIn our chapter we take the concept of agency and apply it to migrants’ search for a safe present and a good future for their children, who face the global challenges of living in a risk society. Our analysis draws on biographical, semi-structured interviews conducted with Polish migrants living in the capital area of Norway. The findings of our research show that, although the labour market and good living conditions are important for Polish migrants while taking migration decisions, it is their children’s education that frequently transforms a temporary stay into a permanent one. We argue that Polish migrant parents adopt the strategy of ‘purchasing’ education, which they consider to be more beneficial due to the principles and values of the Norwegian welfare state (especially equality and educational support). In our research we found that the interviewees consider a Norwegian education as a ‘currency’, a credential in the sense that it will give their children access to further studies and/or better jobs. We focus on the migrant strategies, which often take the character of ‘escaping forward’ in an attempt to increase the life chances of their children.
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Rajan, S. Irudaya, and H. Arokkiaraj. "Return Migration from the Gulf Region to India Amidst COVID-19." In Migration and Pandemics, 207–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81210-2_11.
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AbstractThe Covid-19 pandemic has directly affected the millions of migrant workers in Gulf countries, mostly employed as temporary labour in construction and allied sectors. The Gulf region historically has been the most favoured destination for such jobs. However, the pandemic crisis has halted construction projects in these countries as the drastic fall in oil prices has affected Gulf oil and non-oil economies severely. This has had an adverse effect on Indian migrant workers as they face the threat of unemployment, leading to their voluntary or forced return to India. For example, at the end of 2020, half a million Kerala emigrants, most of them in the Gulf, had lost their jobs abroad due to the pandemic, making their return inevitable given their temporary status in these countries. This chapter examines how India is prepared to handle the changing trends in Indo-Gulf migration corridor and the subsequent return emigration from the Gulf. The chapter highlights major sending-state perspectives, such as that of Kerala and others, and their responses towards Gulf returnees. Moreover, it provides insights by revisiting the existing economic and social security measures for returning migrants and their families within the framework of state welfare schemes, thereby examining rehabilitation and re-integration mechanisms for return migrants at the central and state levels in India.
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Tazreiter, Claudia, Leanne Weber, Sharon Pickering, Marie Segrave, and Helen McKernan. "Indonesian Temporary Migrants: Australia as First Preference or Last Resort?" In Fluid Security in the Asia Pacific, 53–75. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-46596-2_4.
Повний текст джерелаТези доповідей конференцій з теми "Temporary migrants"
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Chapple, Julian. "A TENTATIVE PROPOSAL FOR INCLUSIVITY EDUCATION TRAINING FOR JAPANESE SCHOOL TEACHERS BASED ON THE NEEDS OF MIGRANTS AND RETURNEES." In International Conference on Education and New Developments. inScience Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2022v2end074.
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"Although Japan has not traditionally been considered a multicultural nation or possesses anything resembling an open immigration policy, it is rapidly becoming more and more diverse. Events like modifications to the nation’s immigration regulations in April 2019 and the recent proposed scrapping of the 5-year term limits on accepted “temporary” foreign workers (Category 1 Specified Skilled Workers) have ostensibly led to a quiet opening to unskilled foreign workers for the first time in the nation’s modern history. While Japan’s hand may have been reluctantly forced by serious labour force shortages in many sectors of the economy, it is undoubtedly the beginning of the creation of an even more ‘multicultural Japan’; providing further impetus to the pressing challenge of creating a society where diverse peoples can live together in harmony. Yet, despite these changes and the obvious implications they have for the future, very little consideration has been given to allowing for - and accommodating - greater diversity into the nation’s schools. There is a great risk that without preparation now, the already emerging signs of distress in the education sector (language problems, truancy, drop-out rates, bullying, etc.) will only escalate. In other words, in order for Japan to prepare to accept even a modest increase in the number of newcomers, teachers and education officials need to undertake greater training to enable them to understand and assist in the successful integration of future migrant children. Based on interviews, literature and a review of the recent educational situation in the light of these changes, this paper aims to ascertain whether greater inclusivity training is required, and if so, what it should entail. To allow for greater support of non-Japanese students into Japan’s education system, it concludes with a tentative proposal for what future educational training courses should consider, how they could be incorporated into teacher training curricula and the overall potential benefits for society in general."
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Long Fei and Chi Qishui. "Notice of Retraction: A research on society integration of temporary migrant." In 2010 International Conference on Educational and Information Technology (ICEIT 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iceit.2010.5608342.
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Miklin, R., T. Lipic, Z. Konyha, M. Beric, W. Freiler, K. Matkovic, and D. Gracanin. "Migrant Boat Mini Challenge Award: Simple and Effective Integrated Display Geo-Temporal Analysis of migrant boats." In 2008 IEEE Symposium on Visual Analytics Science and Technology (VAST). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/vast.2008.4677387.
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Holland, Benjamin, Lisa Kuchy, and Jason Dalton. "Migrant boat mini challenge award: Analysis summary a geo-temporal analysis of the migrant boat dataset." In 2008 IEEE Symposium on Visual Analytics Science and Technology (VAST). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/vast.2008.4677394.
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"TEMPORAL MIGRATION AND HOUSING MARKET RELATIONSHIPS. THE ROLE OF THE RETIREE MIGRANTS." In 15th Annual European Real Estate Society Conference: ERES Conference 2008. ERES, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.15396/eres2008_268.
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Guang-sheng, Zhang, and Yang Xiao-li. "Notice of Retraction: Temporary vs. permanent: Migrant workers' migration patterns and comparison in China." In 2011 International Conference on E-Business and E-Government (ICEE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icebeg.2011.5886951.
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Hernandez Limon, Candido, and Simon Collin. "PERCEPTIONS OF USE OF ICT AMONG TEMPORARY MIGRANT WORKERS IN CANADA AND THEIR FEMALE PARTNERS." In International Technology, Education and Development Conference. IATED, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/inted.2017.0410.
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Lu, Haofei, and Zhizhong Wang. "Universal Video Style Transfer via Crystallization, Separation, and Blending." In Thirty-First International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-22}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2022/687.
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Universal video style transfer aims to migrate arbitrary styles to input videos. However, how to maintain the temporal consistency of videos while achieving high-quality arbitrary style transfer is still a hard nut to crack. To resolve this dilemma, in this paper, we propose the CSBNet which involves three key modules: 1) the Crystallization (Cr) Module that generates several orthogonal crystal nuclei, representing hierarchical stability-aware content and style components, from raw VGG features; 2) the Separation (Sp) Module that separates these crystal nuclei to generate the stability-enhanced content and style features; 3) the Blending (Bd) Module to cross-blend these stability-enhanced content and style features, producing more stable and higher-quality stylized videos. Moreover, we also introduce a new pair of component enhancement losses to improve network performance. Extensive qualitative and quantitative experiments are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of our CSBNet. Compared with the state-of-the-art models, it not only produces temporally more consistent and stable results for arbitrary videos but also achieves higher-quality stylizations for arbitrary images.
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Young, Jennifer L., Kyle Kretchmer, and Adam J. Engler. "Temporally-Stiffening Hydrogel Regulates Cardiac Differentiation via Mechanosensitive Signaling." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14674.
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Stiffness of the extracellular matrix (ECM) surrounding cells plays an integral role in affecting how a cell spreads, migrates, and differentiates, in the case of stem cells. For mature cardiomyocytes, stiffness regulates myofibril striation, beating rate, and fiber alignment, but does not induce de-differentiation [1,2]. Despite improved myocyte function on materials which mimic the ∼10 kPa heart stiffness, the heart does not begin as a contractile ∼10 kPa material, but instead undergoes ∼10-fold myocardial stiffening during development [3]. Thiolated hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogels have been used to mimic these stiffening dynamics by varying hydrogel functionality and component parameters. Recently, we have shown that pre-cardiac mesodermal cells plated on top of these stiffening HA hydrogels improves cardiomyocyte maturation compared to static, compliant polyacrylamide (PA) hydrogels [3]. While active mechanosensing causes maturation, the specific mechanisms responsible for responding to time-dependent stiffness remain unknown. Here we examined protein kinase signaling and mechanics in response to dynamic vs. static stiffness during the commitment process from embryonic stem cells (ESCs) through cardiomyocytes to better understand how developmentally-appropriate temporal changes in stiffness regulate cell commitment.
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Fan, Fan, Fujian Zhou, Lishan Yuan, and Xuda Yang. "Visualization Study on Plugging Mechanism of Fibers and Particles in Rough and Tortuous Fracture." In ASME 2019 38th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-95480.
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Abstract Temporary plugging technology are widely used in unconventional exploitation, for it can produce more fracture thus to enhance oil recovery, however, it is still unclear how the plugging is formed and the diverters migrate in the hydraulic fracture. In this work, a self-developed visualization fracture system is set up. And the plugging mechanism of guar-based fracturing fluid with temporary plugging materials is visualized in a rough laboratory-scale fracture. Impacts of parameters on plugging process like particle concentration,fibre concentration, and fracture width are systematically investigated.Through a series of comparative experiments, it is found that the plugging process was triggered by fibre, they form nets to capture particles, then the nets with particles roll bigger and bigger like snowballs,while the nets can not capture particles will be broken in higher pressure. Comparative results indicate that the sealing effect of the same forum for wider fracture will be worse, replacing with the larger particles is more effective than increasing the amount of diverter; Increasing particles can increase sealing strength while increaing fibres can shorten the sealing formation time; Using 1% fiber only, the 3mm-wide fracture can be plugged but it cost much time and the sealing is not so firm. While using 1% particles only, a particle dump forms instead of a sealing layer. For field operation, it is suggested that (1) For wider fracture, use bigger particle is more effective than add more fibre and particles; (2) Particle should be added later than fibre; (3) To increase sealing pressure and enhance efficiency, the ratio of fibre and particles should be around 2:1.
Звіти організацій з теми "Temporary migrants"
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Bandyopadhyay, Subhayu, and Howard J. Wall. Is There Too Little Immigration? An Analysis of Temporary Skilled Migrants. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.20955/wp.2006.062.
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Ambler, Kate, Diego Aycinena, and Dean Yang. Remittance Responses to Temporary Discounts: A Field Experiment among Central American Migrants. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, September 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w20522.
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Ainul, Sigma, Eashita Haque, K. G. Santhya, and Ubaidur Rob. Assessment of overseas labor migration systems in Bangladesh. Population Council, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/sbsr2022.1039.
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Bangladesh is a significant labor-sending country, with about 7.8 million Bangladeshis working abroad. Major destinations for migrant workers are the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. Female migrants represent 12 percent of the migration flow, with a majority engaged as domestic workers. Migration to GCC countries is characterized by short-term temporary migration, migration of low- and semi-skilled workers, laborers with low literacy level, debt-financed migration, and often migration through unofficial channels. The overseas labor recruitment industry often leaves migrants susceptible to human trafficking, forced labor, and modern slavery. Also, many migrants return empty-handed and with huge debt. The Population Council in partnership with the Global Fund to End Modern Slavery (GFEMS) undertook a study to better understand survivors’ and stakeholders’ perspectives on the kinds of policies, programs, and initiatives that could facilitate safer overseas labor migration for Bangladeshi migrant workers. A qualitative study was conducted with returned migrants in Faridpur and Munshiganjs, Bangladesh. These locations also served as an assessment of an intervention for economic and social reintegration. A stakeholder consultation provided an opportunity for participants to reflect on the study findings and brainstorm about research, program gaps, and recommendations.
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Hemmersam, Peter, Håvard Breivik-Khan, Morgan Ip, and Tone Selmer-Olsen. The Role of Urban Public Spaces in Managing Displacement in Norway. Institute of Development Studies, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2022.041.
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Refugees, temporarily displaced people, and migrants who arrive in Norwegian cities would benefit from equitable access to urban public spaces. Research suggests that the design and management of public urban spaces and local neighbourhood centres can improve migrants’ wellbeing and encourage local cross-cultural interactions. Permanent architectural and urban spaces planned and built for emergency purposes should benefit people who are displaced as well as host communities. To achieve this, urban planning, and migration and displacement management – two mostly separate fields of governance – should collaborate and learn from each other.
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Bahar, Dany, Ana María Ibáñez, and Sandra Rozo. Give Me Your Tired and Your Poor: Impact of a Large-Scale Amnesty Program for Undocumented Refugees. Inter-American Development Bank, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002893.
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Between 2014 and 2020 over 1.8 million refugees fled from Venezuela to Colombia as a result of a humanitarian crisis, many of them without a regular migratory status. We study the short- to medium-term labor market impacts in Colombia of the Permiso Temporal de Permanencia program, the largest migratory amnesty program offered to undocumented migrants in a developing country in modern history. The program granted regular migratory status and work permits to nearly half a million undocumented Venezuelan migrants in Colombia in August 2018. To identify the effects of the program, we match confidential administrative data on the location of undocumented migrants with department-monthly data from household surveys and compare labor outcomes in departments that were granted different average time windows to register for the amnesty online, before and after the program roll-out. We are only able to distinguish negative albeit negligible effects of the program on the formal employment of Colombian workers. These effects are predominantly concentrated in highly educated and in female workers.
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Rudman, Debbie Laliberte, and Rebecca M. Aldrich. Social Isolation, Third Places, and Precarious Employment Circumstances: A Scoping Review. University of Western Ontario, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5206/otpub.2022.54.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Rising rates of social isolation in Canada and other middle- and high-income countries have turned scholarly attention to the kinds of places that facilitate social connections. “Third places” - physical and virtual places beyond home (first places) and work (second places) - are thought to foster social interaction, connection, belonging, and support. This evidence brief reports on a SSHRC funded knowledge synthesis that linked understandings about “third places” with situations of precarious employment, given that people facing precarious employment circumstances often lack the social opportunities and resources associated with stable workplaces. This scoping review assessed what is known about the types and characteristics of “third places” that help maintain social connectedness and address social isolation for adults experiencing precarious employment circumstances. The project examined English-language research articles published in multidisciplinary academic journals between 2012 and 2022. The review captured diverse forms of employment (i.e., gig work, involuntary part-time work, seasonal work, temporary migrant work) characterized as transient, non-permanent, unpredictable, having few worker protections or rights, and associated with low or unpredictable remuneration, as well as cyclical and long-term unemployment. In addition to synthesizing study results, findings attend to how studies addressed diverse social positions and studies’ geographic locations, methodologies, methods, and quality. The goal of the project was to understand the current state of knowledge on this topic; create dialogue about how social isolation can be addressed through precarious workers’ engagement with “third places”; and identify opportunities for stakeholders to partner on place-based interventions with people experiencing precarious employment circumstances.
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Peitz, David. Bird community monitoring at Pea Ridge National Military Park, Arkansas: Status report 2008–2021. Edited by Tani Hubbard. National Park Service, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2294263.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Breeding bird surveys were initiated on Pea Ridge National Military Park, Arkansas in 2008 to assess temporal changes in the species composition and abundance of birds on the park. These data also improve our understanding of relationships between breeding birds and their habitat and the effects of management actions, such as invasive plant species control and tree thinning, on bird populations. Birds were sampled using point counts with 99 variable circular plots located on a systematic grid of 400 x 400-m cells (originating from a random start point). All birds seen or heard on a plot during a 5-minute sampling period were recorded. We surveyed for breeding birds in eight of the last 14 years on as many of the 99 variable circular plots as possible each year, resulting in 592 cumulative plot visits. Surveys have yielded records for 111 different species of birds. Ninety-three of the species recorded are classified as permanent or summer residents to the area, 11 as winter residents to the area, six as transients in the area, and one as a migrant through the area. Nine breeding species recorded are considered species of conservation concern for the Central Hardwoods Bird Conservation Region, the bird conservation region Pea Ridge National Military Park is located within. Of the 93 breeding species recorded, 4 species occurred in grassland and 11 in woodland habitats in numbers large enough to calculate annual abundances with some degree of confidence. However, only the Blue-gray Gnatcatcher (Polioptila caerulea), Eastern Wood-pewee (Contopus virens), Red-eyed Vireo (Vireo olivaceus), and Tufted Titmouse (Baeolophus bicolor) in woodland habitats demonstrated any trends (moderate to strong increases) in abundance. Trends in abundance were classified as uncertain for the rest of the species in both grassland and woodland habitats, which means that no significant increases or decreases occurred, but it is not certain that trends were < 5% per year. Comparisons of population trends on the park with regional trends for the Central Hardwoods Bird Conservation Region suggest that the bird community at Pea Ridge National Military Park is faring similarly to or slightly better than that of the region as a whole. Stable diversity, richness, and evenness values suggest that the park’s habitat has remained consistent in its ability to meet the requirements of many of the park’s breeding bird species. Any increase or decline in species richness could reflect habitat management practices but could also reflect the influences of larger-scale factors such as weather or climatic conditions on vegetation. Therefore, continued monitoring of birds and their habitats on Pea Ridge National Military Park as management and climatic conditions change is essential for park management. - -