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Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 23 вересня 2022
Оновлено: 28 січня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Technical division of labor"

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I., Kasprovich, I. "The technical tool for digging the roots of the miskanthus with their division into rhizomes." Mehanization and electrification of agricultural, no. 9(108) (2019): 95–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.37204/0131-2189-2019-9-11.

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Purpose. Reducing the cost of manual labor for the excavation roots of the miskanthus with their division into rhizomes. Methods. Analytical using modern design and technological solutions of technical means for excavation rhizomes of miscanthus with their division into rhizomes. Results. A new design and technological scheme of a technical means for digging rhizomes of the miscanthus with their division into rhizomes has been developed. Conclusions. The proposed technical means for digging the rhizomes of the miskanthus pre-cuts them into longitudinal bands, provides for the separation rhizomes from the earth and their separation into rhizomes, which further reduces the cost of manual labor for the preparation landing material. Keywords: technical tool, roots, miskanthus, rhizomes, design and technological scheme.
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Olimskikh, N. N. "Characteristics of the main areas of labor organization." Normirovanie i oplata truda v promyshlennosti (Rationing and remuneration of labor in industry), no. 1 (December 29, 2020): 10–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/pro-3-2101-01.

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The article deals with the main directions of labor organization, such as cooperation and division of labor, technical norming of labor, which allow to ensure maximum efficiency of labor organization.
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REINSTALLER, ANDREAS. "The division of labor in the firm: Agency, near-decomposability and the Babbage principle." Journal of Institutional Economics 3, no. 3 (December 2007): 293–322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744137407000732.

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Abstract:This paper devises a simulation model that combines insights from the evolutionary perspective on the division of labor with ideas from the labor process literature. It characterizes technical change and the development of a near-decomposable production process as the outcome of technological search and of organizational problem solving, where the conflict between workers and firms over the organization of work plays a central role. It is argued that a near-decomposable organization of the production process also allows management to tighten its control over workers. Consequently, more extensive divisions of labor within a firm develop where the power of workers to oppose decisions by the management is low. In these scenarios the performance of firms is also highest. The model is used to interpret historical evidence about different development paths in technical change in the UK and the US at the beginning of the twentieth century.
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4

Jiang, Xueping, Jen-Mei Chang, and Hui Sun. "Inframarginal Model Analysis of the Evolution of Agricultural Division of Labor." Mathematics 7, no. 12 (December 1, 2019): 1152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math7121152.

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Division of labor plays a critical role in many parts of agriculture. For example, a specialized division of labor can lead to the improvement of labor productivity, the reduction of production costs, and the innovation of production technology and organization. At the heart of agricultural management is how the comparative advantages of farmers impact their production decision-making behavior, and, consequently, influence the division of labor structure. In this paper, we apply an infra-marginal model to interpret the selection logic of heterogeneous farmers’ specialized production with exogenous comparative technical advantages and transaction costs. Solving the nonlinear programming problem of the utility function within each respective labor structure leads to a corner equilibrium. Under reasonable assumptions of the model, we reduced the number of possible production–consumption decision modes from the maximum of 64 to an optimal of 3. Through this analysis, we discovered the ranges for transaction efficiency coefficients and preference parameter under which each structure can achieve general equilibrium. Our theoretical model thereby explains the structural evolution of agricultural division of labor.
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Liu, Zimin, Dan Yang, and Tao Wen. "Agricultural production mode transformation and production efficiency." China Agricultural Economic Review 11, no. 1 (February 4, 2019): 160–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/caer-07-2017-0129.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the impact of farmers’ agricultural production mode transformation, from the perspective of agricultural division of labor and cooperation, on their agricultural production efficiency including technical efficiency, pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency. Design/methodology/approach This paper analyzes the impact of the agricultural production mode’s transformation on farmers’ agricultural production efficiency, based on the classical theory of division of labor and specialization, transaction costs and cooperation. It uses 2013 survey data from 396 farms in 15 Chinese provinces to explore the contributing factors of agricultural production efficiency using a double selection model (DSM), which can correct the endogenous selection bias in farmers’ decisions. Findings Farmers that participate in agricultural division of labor and cooperation means transform their agricultural production from a traditional self-sufficient mode to one that is specialized and intensive. Agricultural division of labor measured by farmers’ participation in an agricultural division of labor in the production stages, or in agricultural products, and agricultural cooperation measured by farmers’ participation in farmers’ cooperatives significantly and positively influence their agricultural production efficiency after correcting farmers’ endogenous selection bias. Originality/value This paper proposes a unified framework to analyze the impact of farmers’ agricultural production mode transformation on their production efficiency. Further, it builds a DSM for an empirical analysis to avoid the endogenous biases in farmers’ self-selection behavior. This paper also provides ways for policy makers to improve farmers’ agricultural production efficiency from the modern agricultural production perspective.
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Park, S. O. "Industrial Restructuring and the Spatial Division of Labor: The Case of the Seoul Metropolitan Region, the Republic of Korea." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 25, no. 1 (January 1993): 81–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a250081.

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This paper is an overview of an industrial restructuring and spatial division of labor in the Seoul metropolitan region, with a focus on the role of the Korean government, corporate strategy, and regional characteristics in controlling labor and capital. The spatial division of labor that appeared in the 1970s was related mainly to the Korean government's promotion of the rise of large enterprises to institutionalize heavy and chemical industrial development. Since the 1980s, in addition to the role of the state, corporate strategy and regional characteristics have been regarded as important factors for understanding the undergoing industrial restructuring. Concentration and development of high-tech industries in the Seoul metropolitan region during the 1980s have progressed with evolving intensified spatial division of labor beyond the spatial separation of headquarters and production units. The evolution of intensified spatial division of labor is the result of corporate strategy which regionally separates technical workers from production workers on the one hand, and corporate strategy in utilizing regional characteristics from the government's decentralization policy on the other hand.
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Hart, Neil, and Marcella Corsi. "Division of Labour, Technical Change and Economic Growth." Labour History, no. 65 (1993): 248. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/27509228.

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Messing, Karen, Ghislaine Doniol-Shaw, and Chantal Haëntjens. "Sugar and Spice and Everything Nice: Health Effects of the Sexual Division of Labor among Train Cleaners." International Journal of Health Services 23, no. 1 (January 1993): 133–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/aaaf-4xwm-xult-wcte.

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Attempts have been made to justify the sexual division of labor by referring to women's relative physical weakness, lack of technical competence, and dislike for dirty work. An analysis of the work activity of train cleaners in France showed a rigid sexual division of labor, in which the task of toilet cleaning was exclusively assigned to women. Interviews and observations revealed a number of physical constraints associated with the work, and particularly with toilet cleaning. Women employees suffered from many musculoskeletal problems and were frequently absent from work. Toilet cleaning involved traveling distances of over 20 kilometers per day and maintaining uncomfortable postures. Twenty-five percent of time during the actual cleaning was spent in a crouched position. The work was complex, involving a number of choices and decisions, as well as requiring a variety of techniques adapted to the differences in the nature and location of soil. This “women's job” was dirty and physically demanding, and required technical skill. Among train cleaners, the inability to rotate jobs due to sex-typed job assignment may be associated with specific health and safety risks for both sexes.
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Ricoy, Carlos. "Marx on division of labour, mechanization and technical progress." European Journal of the History of Economic Thought 10, no. 1 (April 2003): 47–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0967256032000043797.

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McGovern, Patrick. "Trust, Discretion and Responsibility: The Division of Technical Labour." Work, Employment & Society 10, no. 1 (March 1, 1996): 85–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0950017096010001005.

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Дисертації з теми "Technical division of labor"

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Mahrez, Saïd. "Division technique, division cognitive : une mise en perspective historique et théorique." Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010022.

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La thèse a pour objet de caractériser les concepts de division technique et cognitive du travail et vise également à mettre en évidence la montée de la dimension cognitive du travail dans les activités situées au cœur du processus de création de valeur, notamment dans l’industrie manufacturière postfordiste. Elle met l’accent sur les transformations historiques de la division technique du travail, qui ont caractérisé l’évolution du capitalisme industriel et sur la position relativement hégémonique de ses principes dans l’organisation de l’industrie manufacturière durant la période des Trente Glorieuses. Puis, elle insiste sur l’émergence d’un nouveau modèle d’organisation du travail qui a caractérisé le capitalisme contemporain durant la période postfordiste. Ainsi, avec l’avènement du capitalisme cognitif, l’accent est mis sur la montée en puissance des principes de la division cognitive du travail, dans l’organisation de l’industrie manufacturière postfordiste et cela au détriment des principes de la division technique du travail, qui perdent leur position dans l’organisation du travail. Des faits stylisés ont été mobilisé pour justifier cette tendance au développement des principes de la division cognitive du travail, dans l’industrie manufacturière postfordiste
This thesis has for object to characterize the concepts of technical and cognitive division of the work and also aims at highlighting the rise of the cognitive dimension of the work in the activities situated at the heart of the process of value creation, in particular in the postfordiste manufacturing industry. She emphasizes the historic transformations of the technical division of the work, which characterized the evolution of the industrial capitalism on the relatively hegemonic position of its principles in the organization of the manufacturing industry during the period Thirty Glorious. Then, she insists on the emergence of a new model of organization of the work which characterized the contemporary capitalism during period postfordiste. So, with the succession of the cognitive capitalism, the accent is put on the increase in importance of the principles of the cognitive division of the work, in the organization of the manufacturing industry postfordiste and in to the detriment of the principles of the technical division of the work, which lose their position in the organization of the work. Stylized fact was mobilized for justifying this trend to the development of the principles of the cognitive division of the work, in the postfordiste manufacturing industry
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Tsukumo, Taís Jamra. "O desenho de obra e a produção de arquitetura." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16132/tde-20012010-103449/.

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Esta dissertação trata do desenho de obra, tomado como um meio de aproximação aos processos de produção do projeto e da obra e às relações que se estabelecem entre eles. O desenho de obra é proposto como objeto de pesquisa, sobretudo, por representar mediação entre momentos e instâncias de concepção e de execução na produção do espaço, constituindo fruto do processo de projeto que orienta a construção em canteiro. A partir de aproximações teóricas ao desenho de obra, que o situam como instrumento técnico no modo de produção, foi estudado seu uso ao longo da história. Procurou-se entender os processos que engendraram a separação entre instâncias distintas de concepção e de execução na produção de arquitetura, determinados por uma crescente divisão do trabalho. Essas aproximações teóricas e históricas fundamentam as questões que guiaram a observação do trabalho e as conversas com os agentes de projeto e de obra em quatro situações concretas de canteiros de obras residenciais em São Paulo. As análises sobre essas situações buscam compreender as determinações recíprocas entre os processos de produção do projeto e da obra e suas implicações para o desenho de obra e para a produção de arquitetura.
The present dissertation discusses the building-work drawing, addressed as a means of approaching the production process of design and the building-works, as well as the relations established between them. The building-work drawing is proposed as the research object, especially because it represents the mediation between moments and instances of conception and of construction in the production of space, and constitutes the result of the process of design that guides the construction in the building site. The use of building-work drawing was studied along history, starting from theoretical approaches that situate it as technical instrument in the mode of production. It aimed at understanding the processes that engendered the separation between distinct instances of conception and of construction in the production of architecture, determined by an increasing division of labor. These theoretical and historical approaches support the questions that guided the observation of the labor activities and the conversations with the agents of projects and works in four specific situations of residential building sites in São Paulo. The analysis of these cases seeks to understand the reciprocal determinations between the production process of the design and the building-work, and its implications for the building-work drawing and the production of architecture.
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Pietrzyk, Ulrike, Sarah Rodehacke, and Winfried Hacker. "Division of Labour and Self-Reported Mental Requirements in Human Services: Retail Sale Jobs." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-165346.

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Significant associations between self-reported “whole units” of work and self-reported mental task requirements as well as personal outcomes are well known. Also of interest is, however, whether a significant association also exists between the underlying objective assignment of tasks, i.e. the division of labour, and self-reported mental requirements. Such an association would represent a concrete starting point for job design or redesign. We analyzed this question for retail sale jobs as an example of the numerous human service jobs, which usually consist of customer- and object-centred tasks. The study (N = 558 employees) evaluated the potential association between documented assignments of customer-centred and goods-centred activities and employees’ perceived mental requirements, skill utilisation, and learning on the job, as well as mental difficulties. A significant association of moderate effect size between the objective division of labour and self-reported mental job requirements was shown. Theoretical and practical consequences of this association are also discussed.
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Pietrzyk, Ulrike, Sarah Rodehacke, and Winfried Hacker. "Division of Labour and Self-Reported Mental Requirements in Human Services: Retail Sale Jobs." Scientific Research Publishing Inc, 2014. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A28674.

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Significant associations between self-reported “whole units” of work and self-reported mental task requirements as well as personal outcomes are well known. Also of interest is, however, whether a significant association also exists between the underlying objective assignment of tasks, i.e. the division of labour, and self-reported mental requirements. Such an association would represent a concrete starting point for job design or redesign. We analyzed this question for retail sale jobs as an example of the numerous human service jobs, which usually consist of customer- and object-centred tasks. The study (N = 558 employees) evaluated the potential association between documented assignments of customer-centred and goods-centred activities and employees’ perceived mental requirements, skill utilisation, and learning on the job, as well as mental difficulties. A significant association of moderate effect size between the objective division of labour and self-reported mental job requirements was shown. Theoretical and practical consequences of this association are also discussed.
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Liff, S. T. "Occupational sex-typing : sexual and technical divisions of labour." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.356437.

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Voloshchuk. "UKRAINIAN PARTICIPATION IN THE LABOR INTERNATIONAL DIVISION." Thesis, Київ 2018, 2018. http://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/33926.

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Alves, Sandra Priscila. "O circuito espacial da produ??o petrol?fera no Rio Grande do Norte." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2012. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/18939.

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Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-13T17:10:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SandraPA_DISSERT_.pdf: 6038687 bytes, checksum: 3a64b39d14e021c1abe47d90598f9430 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-22
Our study refers to the state of Rio Grande do Norte against the deployment of oil activity in their territory. In this sense the aim of this work was to analyze the presence of the loop space of the oil production system linked to objects and actions on the Rio Grande do Norte territory. From the so-called "oil shock", an event that caused global developments in several countries, Petr?leo Brasileiro S/A (PETROBRAS) increased investments in drilling geological basins in Brazil. In the year 1973 was drilled in the sea area well which led to commercial production of oil and gas in Rio Grande do Norte. From that point on were added in some parts of the Potiguar territory, large systems of coupled objects to actions caused by several agents. In this context, geographic situations have been reorganized due to an unprecedented space circuit production accompanied by a new circle of cooperation. In the state happen all instances of the circuit: the production, distribution and consumption. In light of the theory of the geographical area seek to direct our thoughts to the operation of these bodies, and they are linked to material and immaterial flows multiscales. This perspective allows us to think the territory of Rio Grande do Norte entered into a new territorial division of labor characterized by specialization regional production. Oil activity was implemented in the territory of Rio Grande do Norte at a time marked by productive restructuring of various economic sectors. The oil sector has been acting increasingly linked the scientific and informational, with a view to increasing productivity. The presence of this circuit demanded the territory, specifically the Mossor?, an organizational structure that is different from the vast system nationally integrated private commercial corporations to small corporations, all of them relating directly or indirectly to PETROBRAS. The flows between companies whose headquarters are located in distant states and even countries have generated a continuous movement of goods, people, information and ideas, which is also causing new materialities in the territory
Nosso estudo se remete ao estado do Rio Grande do Norte frente ? implanta??o da atividade petrol?fera em seu territ?rio. Nesse sentido o objetivo geral do trabalho consistiu em analisar a presen?a do circuito espacial da produ??o petrol?fera vinculado ao sistema de objetos e de a??es presentes no territ?rio norte-rio-grandense. A partir do chamado choque do petr?leo , acontecimento mundial que causou desdobramentos em v?rios pa?ses, a Petr?leo Brasileiro S/A (PETROBRAS) aumentou os investimentos em perfura??es nas bacias geol?gicas brasileiras. No ano de 1973 foi perfurado em ?rea mar?tima o po?o que deu origem ? produ??o comercial de petr?leo e g?s no Rio Grande do Norte. Desse momento em diante foram acrescentados em algumas parcelas do territ?rio potiguar, grandes sistemas de objetos, juntamente, ?s a??es provocadas por agentes diversos. Nesse contexto, situa??es geogr?ficas foram reorganizadas em fun??o de um in?dito circuito espacial de produ??o acompanhado de um novo c?rculo de coopera??o. No estado acontecem todas as inst?ncias do circuito: a produ??o, a distribui??o e o consumo. ? luz da teoria do espa?o geogr?fico procuramos direcionar as nossas reflex?es ao funcionamento destas inst?ncias, estando elas ligadas a fluxos materiais e imateriais multiescalares. Essa perspectiva nos autoriza a pensar o territ?rio norte-rio-grandense inserido em uma nova divis?o territorial do trabalho marcada pela especializa??o regional produtiva. A atividade petrol?fera implantou-se no territ?rio norte-rio-grandense em um momento marcado pela reestrutura??o produtiva de diversos segmentos econ?micos. O setor petrol?fero passou a atuar cada vez mais atrelado ?s bases cient?ficas e informacionais, tendo em vista o aumento da produtividade. A presen?a desse circuito demandou ao territ?rio, mais especificamente a Mossor?, uma diversa estrutura organizacional que ocorre desde o vasto sistema nacionalmente integrado de corpora??es comerciais privadas at? as pequenas empresas, todas elas relacionando-se diretamente ou indiretamente com a PETROBRAS. Os fluxos entre empresas, cujas sedes localizam-se em estados e mesmo pa?ses distantes, t?m gerado um movimento cont?nuo de produtos, pessoas, informa??es e ideias, o que vem provocando tamb?m novas materialidades no territ?rio
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Cook, Randal James. "ENVIRONMENTAL INTERNSHIP-ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT, INC. TECHNICAL SERVICES DIVISION." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1094138195.

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Newman, Jackie. "Factors determind [sic] attrition in high wage technical fields at Western Wisconsin Technical College plan B paper." Online version, 2000. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2000/2000newmanj.pdf.

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Moore, Deborah Lynn. "The household division of labor in Hokkaido, Japan /." The Ohio State University, 1996. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu148793235105769.

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Книги з теми "Technical division of labor"

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Corsi, Marcella. Division of labour, technical change, and economic growth. Aldershot, Hants, England: Avebury, 1991.

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2

Jato, Miriam. Gender-responsive programming for poverty reduction: Technical paper. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: UNFPA CST, 2004.

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3

Labor, Palau Division of. Division of Labor rules & regulations. Republic of Palau: Publication and Law Access Unit, 2002.

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4

Accounts, New York (State) Division of Audits and. Department of Labor, Division of Labor Standards, monetary claims. [Albany, N.Y.]: The Office, 1986.

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5

Acemoglu, Daron. Contracts and the division of labor. Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Economics, 2005.

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Acemoglu, Daron. Contracts and the division of labor. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2005.

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7

1941-, Caporaso James A., ed. A Changing international division of labor. Boulder: L. Rienner, 1987.

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8

Hashimoto, Jurō. The Japanese system of division of labor: The combination of a "flexible" in-house division of labor and a "planned" inter-company division of labor. Tokyo: Institute of Social Science, University of Tokyo, 1994.

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Acemoglu, Daron. Labor- and capital-augmenting technical change. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2000.

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Acemoglu, Daron. Labor- and capital-augmenting technical change. Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Economics, 2002.

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Частини книг з теми "Technical division of labor"

1

Smith, Chris. "Technical Workers and the Division of Labour." In Technical Workers, 126–57. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-18763-8_5.

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Sydow, Peter. "Growth, Technical Progress and International Division of Labour: A View from the GDR." In Industrial Policies and Structural Change, 143–54. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-09779-1_9.

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Tizikara, Clesensio, Paul Nampala, David Nielson, Nienke Beintema, Patrick Okori, and John Lynam. "Transformative research and innovation capacity in tertiary agricultural education in Africa." In Transforming tertiary agricultural education in Africa, 135–55. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789246544.0008.

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Abstract This chapter first outlines the rationale for and necessary components of strategies to transform agricultural research capacity in African countries. Thereafter, the discussion focuses on strategic approaches to the transformation of research and innovation capacity in tertiary agricultural education (TAE) through the development of graduate (i.e. master's and doctoral) programmes. Such developments form a strong argument for increasing universities' role in national agricultural innovation systems. The final section explores an effective division of labour between TAE institutions and national agricultural research institutes in the production of new technical advances driving agricultural development.
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Oke, Muse, Manal S. Zaher, and Samir M. Hamdan. "Division of Labor." In Molecular Life Sciences, 1–5. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6436-5_134-1.

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Cronin, Adam L. "Division of Labor." In Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior, 1–3. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47829-6_715-1.

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Oke, Muse, Manal S. Zaher, and Samir M. Hamdan. "Division of Labor." In Molecular Life Sciences, 187–90. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1531-2_134.

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Wagenknecht, Susann. "Division of Labor." In A Social Epistemology of Research Groups, 91–108. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-52410-2_6.

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Cronin, Adam L. "Division of Labor." In Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior, 2086–88. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55065-7_715.

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Fürstenberg, Friedrich. "Division of Labor." In The Bonn Handbook of Globality, 571–80. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90377-4_49.

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10

Braverman, Harry. "The Division of Labor." In Working in America, 35–39. 5th ed. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003199588-6.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Technical division of labor"

1

Gorbunov, Maksym. "Design of a Multi-Use, Highly Efficient Intermodal Container System." In ASME 2013 Rail Transportation Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/rtdf2013-4709.

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This paper details the design of a shipping container concept with a purpose of being not only highly efficient in transport but also after arrival. In order to reduce mass while also increasing the ability to carry heavier loads, Lightweight structures and materials are employed instead of simple steels or cast iron used in current designs. The second goal of the design was to create a weld free structure that can be easily assembled and disassembled without the need for special labor and skills saving time, space and resources when shipping empty container or storing containers that are not in use. Shipping containers often clutter construction sites and temporary establishments like concerts and flea markets. By being able to break down and efficiently store containers businesses in charge of these temporary establishments can save valuable real estate and run much more efficiently. Another design feature is creating an entirely modular system. Each container is made from completely interchangeable parts that can be swapped in and out for ones that have different function like container variations that provides insulation or active temperature or humidity control for temperature sensitive products or high security configurations for hazardous materials or expensive goods. In order to provide such interchangeability, the frame is designed to be strong and rigid enough to be able to handle the required loads without relying on wall plates. The combination of these design points leads to a transportation system that can not only be deployed using existing intermodal infrastructure but can serve a secondary purpose once it arrives at its destination. Because the containers are modular and highly versatile, they can be assembled into large floor space, multistory structures. Containers and trailers normally used as office space at construction sites are cramped, uncomfortable and very unsightly. Using this system, large two story office space of several thousand square feet can be erected using no more than a dozen containers. The modular walls can be used to swap in ceiling or wall panels that let in natural light, harness solar power or allow plumbing systems, electrical wiring, thermal insulation or ventilation. Because of the weld-free design and ultra-lightweight components, structure assembly and disassembly is simple with unskilled labor and common tools. This is especially important because the most impactful application of this system could be in disaster relief. Single containers can be used as substitutes for single family homes and large container assemblies can be used to create anything kind of community use structure from shower clusters to temporary schools to dining halls to administrative buildings creating a sustainable temporary community.
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2

Jacobsen, Karina, Patricia Llana, and David Tyrell. "Collision Scenarios for Assessing Crashworthiness of Passenger Rail Equipment." In ASME 2010 Rail Transportation Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/rtdf2010-42033.

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In June 2009, at the request of the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA), the Railroad Safety Advisory Committee established the Engineering Task Force (ETF). The ETF is comprised of government, railroads, suppliers, and labor organizations and their consultants. The ETF was tasked with recommending a process for assessing alternative Tier I passenger rail equipment, i.e., passenger equipment that is operated at speeds up to 125 mph on the general railroad system. The final product of the ETF is a document outlining criteria and procedures for demonstrating crashworthiness performance of passenger rail equipment built to alternative design standards and proposed for operation in the US. The results provide a means of assessing whether an alternative design compares to designs compliant with the FRA’s Tier I crashworthiness requirements. This paper focuses on the criteria and procedures developed for scenario-based requirements. The principle collision scenario describes the minimum train-level crashworthiness performance required in a train-to-train collision of an alternatively designed passenger train with a conventional locomotive-led passenger train. For cab car-led and MU locomotive-led operations, the impact speed is prescribed at 20 mph. For locomotive led operations, the impact speed is prescribed at 25 mph. Criteria for evaluating this scenario include intrusion limits for the passengers and engineer, and occupant protection measures. Other scenario-based requirements discussed in this paper include colliding equipment override, connected equipment override, and truck attachment.
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3

Walker, Rick, Rainer Aufischer, Robert Mergen, and Dave Ciacci. "Advantages and Limitations of Lead-Free Bearing Materials." In ASME 2006 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ices2006-1394.

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Due to strict lead recycling regulations put upon discarded automobile engines, removing lead from new automotive engines became essential. Removing lead found in batteries from discarded automobiles is fairly straight-forward and inexpensive; however, much labor and cost is associated with removing lead containing engine bearings. Due to the relatively light loading applied to automotive gas engine bearings, lead-free aluminum alloys have been developed. Many experts predict that this lead-free trend will carry over to non-automotive bearings as well. Many of these non-automotive engines are run on diesel fuel and have much higher loading on the bearings. The current generation of lead-free aluminum alloys just cannot carry the loads required by these engines. Therefore, there has been efforts on developing lead-free copper based bearing alloys. This paper reviews one process that was undertaken to develop lead-free copper based alloy to be used in these highly loaded, non-automotive lead-free engine bearing types. This process included a fundamental understanding of the tribological role of lead in copper based bearing alloys, as well as a thorough performance screening of lead-free bearings types based on this lead-free lining and a comprehensive review of the test results. Also included in this paper are some future development plans in the world of lead-free copper based bearings alloys.
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Afshari, Mana, Thomas Marquie´, and Daniel J. Inman. "Automated Structural Health Monitoring of Bolted Joints in Railroad Switches." In ASME 2009 Rail Transportation Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/rtdf2009-18001.

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Current switch bolt inspection on rail systems is a labor intensive and sometimes unreliable approach to maintaining the switch integrity. Recent rail accidents in the United Kingdom (Potters Bar in 2002 and Grayrigg in 2007) underscore the need for routine inspections of the switch mechanisms. From the Grayrigg report of 23 February 2007 the main causes of the accident were found to be the loosening and, as a result, the initiation and growth of cracks, and, eventually, rupture of the bolts of the switch bars, especially the one maintaining the switch rails at a correct distance apart. Such findings also resulted from the 2002 crash report but unfortunately frequent visual inspections were not forthcoming. In this paper, an effective method for monitoring the loosening of the switch bolts is described. As the loosening of the bolts further causes the crack formation in the bolted joints, it seems valid to say that the early detection of loosening of bolted joints in railroad switches will be of great importance in eliminating the need for frequent visual inspection by totally automating inspection of the switches’ mechanical condition. The first part of the present paper focuses on the use of smart materials and structures for the health monitoring of bolted joints in railroad switches. It is shown that using the piezoelectric transducers and the impedance-based structural health monitoring technique, the loosening of the bolted joints are detectable. The accuracy in loosening detection is as high as 25 ft-lbs which corresponds to merely 1/10th of a bolt turn. Being able to detect the loosening of the bolted joints in railroad switches, the concept of self-healing bolted joints is applied in the next part in order to automatically retighten the loosened bolts to their prescribed functional conditions.
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Ruppert, Daniel, George Hull, Bruce Green, Robert Golden, George Binns, and Mark Latino. "Root Cause Analysis Increases Locomotive Reliability at Amtrak." In ASME/IEEE 2007 Joint Rail Conference and Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc/ice2007-40042.

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In 2006, Amtrak instituted a program that coupled Reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM) with Root Cause Analysis (RCA) to increase rolling stock reliability. The RCM-RCA program at Amtrak combined features of RCM and RCA into a unique methodology to achieve success. A case study of the High Horsepower electric locomotive (HHP-8) power module failure RCA project is described in this paper. The initial focus of the RCA was a persistently high failure rate of power modules. Power modules are expensive to purchase and labor intensive to replace. Additionally, power module failures take locomotives out of revenue service. Partially as a result of the HHP-8 Power Module RCA project, and the implemented recommendations, the availability of the HHP-8 locomotive fleet has improved by 80%. Changes were made to the maintenance, condition monitoring, and troubleshooting procedures for HHP-8 as a result of the RCA project. The physical, human, and latent root causes for the high failure rate of HHP-8 Power Modules, were determined and addressed during this six month effort. A cross-functional team of AMTRAK personnel worked closely with reliability consultants and the original equipment manufacturers to determine the various root causes. This case study is a valuable example of how the hands-on nature of a rigorous RCA coupled with the methodology of RCM can result in significant improvements to reliability and availability.
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DeFazio, T. L., A. C. Edsall, R. E. Gustavson, J. A. Hernandez, P. M. Hutchins, H. W. Leung, S. C. Luby, et al. "A Prototype of Feature-Based Design for Assembly." In ASME 1990 Design Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1990-0002.

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Abstract This paper describes a prototype software system that implements a form of feature-based design for assembly. It is not an automated design system but instead a decision and design aid for designers interested in Concurrent Design. Feature-based design captures design intent (assembly topology, product function, manufacturing, or field use) while creating part and product geometry. Design for assembly as used here extends existing ideas about critiquing part shapes and part count to include assembly process planning, assembly sequence generation, assembly fixturing assessments, and assembly process costs. This work was primarily Interested in identifying the information important to DFA tasks, and how that information could be captured using feature-based design. It was not intended to extend the state of the art in feature-based geometry creation, but rather to explore the uses of the information that can be captured. The prototype system has been programmed in LISP on Sun workstations. Its research contributions comprise integration of feature-based design with several existing and new assembly analysis and synthesis algorithms; construction of feature properties to meet the needs of those algorithms; a carefully chosen division of labor between designer and computer; and illustration of feature-based models of products as the information source for assembly analysis and process design. Some of its functions have been implemented approximately or partially but they give the flavor of the benefits to be expected from a fully functional system.
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Deng, Yuanzhe, Tucker Marion, and Alison Olechowski. "Does Synchronous Collaboration Improve Collaborative Computer-Aided Design Output: Results From a Large-Scale Competition." In ASME 2022 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2022-89731.

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Abstract With the growing demand for distributed collaboration for large and complex design in modern engineering, the collaboration inefficiencies of traditional computer-aided design (CAD) tools are increasingly conspicuous. Emerging cloud-based multi-user computer-aided design (MUCAD) platforms bring a new working style for CAD in the form of real-time synchronous collaboration. Little research exists to characterize collaboration in CAD, and specifically the synchronicity of collaboration has yet to be examined. In this study, we analyzed the backend action logs of 101 teams’ design processes from a large-scale virtual robotic design competition, where all designs were modelled in a commercially available MUCAD platform. Metrics of interest were analyzed with regression and mediation analyses to uncover factors that correlated to a team’s success in the competition. Results show that team size is a positive predictor of team performance. Large teams, which tend to see a large amount of time commitment from members, were more likely to perform more CAD actions and achieve high scores from the competition. This suggests that the benefits of collaboration (e.g., economies of division of labor, learning) outweigh the potential downsides (e.g., coordination overhead, free riding) in this context. While controlling for team size, increased synchronous collaboration occurrences were observed to negatively correlate to teams’ performance — a novel finding which we discuss in detail. Thus, we conclude that although large teams benefited from the MUCAD environment, a tendency for synchronous real-time collaboration did not coincide with higher performance. This study provides important evidence in the ongoing design and innovation research fields aiming to better understand collaboration. Future research should investigate the characteristics of effective collaboration strategies in MUCAD environments to develop best practice for the increasing number of design teams moving to such tools.
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Adams, Timothy M., Shawn Nickholds, Douglas Munson, and Jeffery Andrasik. "Determination of Creep Properties of PE 4710 Cell Classification 445574C High Density Polyethylene." In ASME 2014 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2014-28548.

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For corroded piping in low temperature systems, such as service water systems in nuclear power plants, replacement of carbon steel piping with high density polyethylene (HDPE) is a cost-effective solution. Polyethylene pipe can be installed at much lower labor costs than carbon steel pipe and HDPE pipe has a much greater resistance to corrosion. The ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section III, Division 1 currently permits the use of non-metallic piping in buried safety Class 3 piping systems. Additionally, HDPE pipe has been successfully used in non-safety-related systems in nuclear power facilities and is commonly used in other industries such as water mains and natural gas pipelines. This paper presents the results of creep testing of PE 4710 cell classification 445574C pipe compliant with ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code material requirements. This information was developed to support and provide a strong technical basis for material properties of HDPE pipe for use in ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section III New Construction and Section XI repair or replacement activities. The data may also be useful for applications of HDPE pipe in commercial electric power generation facilities and chemical, process and waste water plants via its possible use in the B31 series piping codes. The report provides long term creep and modulus data, as well as an analysis of the stress dependency of both.
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Adams, Timothy M., Shawn Nickholds, Douglas Munson, and Jeffery Andrasik. "Determination of Updated Fatigue Properties of PE 4710 Cell Classification 445574C High Density Polyethylene." In ASME 2014 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2014-28549.

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For corroded piping in low temperature systems, such as service water systems in nuclear power plants, replacement of carbon steel piping with high density polyethylene (HDPE) is a cost-effective solution. Polyethylene pipe can be installed at much lower labor costs that carbon steel pipe and HDPE pipe has a much greater resistance to corrosion. The ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section III, Division 1 currently permits the use of non-metallic piping in buried safety Class 3 piping systems. Additionally, HDPE pipe has been successfully used in non-safety-related systems in nuclear power facilities and is commonly used in other industries such as water mains and natural gas pipelines. This report presents the results of updated fatigue testing of PE 4710 cell classification 445574C pipe compliant with the specific Code requirements. This information was developed to support and provide a strong technical basis for material properties of HDPE pipe for use in ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section III New Construction and Section XI repair or replacement activities. The data may also be useful for applications of HDPE pipe in commercial electric power generation facilities and chemical, process and waste water plants via its possible use in the B31 series piping codes. The report provides fatigue data in the form of Code S-N curves for fusion butt joints in PE 4710 cell classification 445574C HDPE pipe.
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10

Sugimoto, Yoichi, Masao Arakawa, and Masahiko Ishimaru. "A Study on Methodology to Make Team: Methodology — Phase II." In ASME 2017 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2017-67050.

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Improvement in labor productivity is a common problem in each country. In particular, in Japan where the productive age population is decreasing, it is necessary to steadily advance efforts for the improvement at various sites throughout the entire society. In doing so, in order to make it prevail over broad areas, it is necessary to consider that on-site holding resources can be utilized, that it can be easily introduced, and that it will surely be effective. Therefore, we have focused on improving the way of collaboration from an angle of “person’s personality”. Specifically, we have aimed to build a methodology, for a “team” that is a collaborative form widely introduced and utilized at companies and educational sites, which enhances the effectiveness of team activities. As for the overall structure of the methodology, we have designed it with a three-layer structure in order to clarify separation from other intellectual properties and consideration to ethical aspects. That is, the designed methodology comprises the following three phases. Phase I: a team formation methodology; Phase II: a team management methodology; and Phase III: a team development support methodology. Study results of Phase I were presented at the 26th Design Engineering and System Division Lecture by the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers (JSME). In this study, we have used the methodology of Phase I to devise, as a method included in Phase II, three Rules for creating a team environment that makes it easy for “introverted” persons in Jungian psychology to express their opinions. Then, we have conducted parallel group randomized trials comparing an intervention group with a control group, analyzed the results by an analysis method such as Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), and verified the effectiveness of the devised method. As a result, the findings have revealed that teams in which the team management was carried out according to the devised method tends to be more effective and prone to excellent effectiveness.
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Звіти організацій з теми "Technical division of labor"

1

Acemoglu, Daron, Pol Antràs, and Elhanan Helpman. Contracts and the Division of Labor. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, May 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w11356.

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Reyes, Paul. An Inquiry into the Division of Labor. Portland State University Library, January 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/honors.24.

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Leamer, Edward. Effort, Wages and the International Division of Labor. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, October 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w5803.

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Chaney, Thomas, and Ralph Ossa. Market Size, Division of Labor, and Firm Productivity. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, July 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w18243.

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Arora, Ashish, Wesley Cohen, and Colleen Cunningham. Inventive Capabilities in the Division of Innovative Labor. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, September 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w25051.

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Limão, Nuno, and Yang Xu. Size, Trade, Technology and the Division of Labor. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w28969.

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Falcao, Bruno L., and Rodrigo Soares. The Demographic Transition and the Sexual Division of Labor. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, January 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w12838.

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Acemoglu, Daron. Labor- and Capital- Augmenting Technical Change. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, February 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w7544.

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Zhang, Xiaobo, Jin Yang, and Thomas Reardon. Mechanization outsourcing clusters and division of labor in Chinese agriculture. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/9780896293809_02.

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Smith, L. E., B. M. Fanconi, G. T. Davis, F. W. Wang, I. C. Sanchez, D. L. Hunston, and J. A. Tesk. Polymers Division, technical activities 1984. Gaithersburg, MD: National Bureau of Standards, January 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nbs.ir.84-2946.

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