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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Sulphide minerals"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021
Оновлено: 30 липня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Sulphide minerals"

1

Mhonde, Ngoni, Mariette Smart, Kirsten Corin, and Nora Schreithofer. "Investigating the Electrochemical Interaction of a Thiol Collector with Chalcopyrite and Galena in the Presence of a Mixed Microbial Community." Minerals 10, no. 6 (June 19, 2020): 553. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10060553.

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High microbial cell counts have been recorded in sewage waters employed as process water in mineral beneficiation plants across the world. The presence of these microbes can negatively impact flotation performance through mineral passivation, although some microbes improve flotation performance as investigated in various bio-flotation studies. The current study aims to understand the electrochemical behaviour of minerals in the presence of a sodium ethyl xanthate (SEX) collector and microbes originating from a sulphide ore processing plant in South Africa. The electrochemical response was correlated to observe flotation performance. Mixed potential measurements were conducted in parallel to microflotation tests, to assess the hydrophilicity or hydrophobicity induced on sulphide minerals adapted to microbe-laden synthetic plant water. Sulphide minerals’ mixed potentials and interactions of SEX with sulphide minerals were dramatically reduced in the presence of the mixed microbial community (MMC). The observations were correlated with poor flotation efficacy noted in microflotation tests. These fundamental results shed light on how the adsorption of thiol collectors on sulphide minerals is adversely affected by microbes, prompting a discussion on flotation process monitoring when mineral beneficiation is conducted using microbe-laden water.
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2

Firstova, Anna, Tamara Stepanova, Anna Sukhanova, Georgy Cherkashov, and Irina Poroshina. "Au and Te Minerals in Seafloor Massive Sulphides from Semyenov-2 Hydrothermal Field, Mid-Atlantic Ridge." Minerals 9, no. 5 (May 15, 2019): 294. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9050294.

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The Semyenov-2 hydrothermal field located at 13°31′N of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) is associated with an oceanic core complex (OCC) and hosted by peridotites and basalts with minor amounts of gabbro and plagiogranites. Seafloor massive sulphides (SMS) are represented by chimneys with zonality, massive sulphides without zonality and sulphide breccia cemented by opal and aragonite. The mean value of Au (20.6 ppm) and Te (40 ppm) is much higher than average for the MAR SMS deposits (3.2 ppm and 8.0 ppm, respectively). Generally, these high concentrations reflect the presence of a wide diversity of Au and Te minerals associated with major mineral paragenesis: primary native gold, melonite (NiTe2) and tellurobismuthite (Bi2Te3) are related to high-temperature chalcopyrite (~350 °C); electrum (AuAg)1, hessite (Ag2Te) and altaite (PbTe) are related to medium- and low-temperature Zn-sulphide and opal assemblages (260–230 °C). Calaverite (AuTe2) and Te-rich “fahlore” Cu12(Sb,As,Te)4S13 are texturally related to the chalcopyrite-bornite-covellite. Enrichment of Au in sulphide breccia with opal and aragonite cement is driven by the re-deposition and the process of hydrothermal reworking of sulphide. The low-temperature fluid mobilizes gold from primary sulphide, along with Au and Te minerals. As a result, the secondary gold re-precipitate in cement of sulphide breccia. An additional contribution of Au enrichment is the presence of aragonite in the Cu-Zn breccia where the maximal Au content (188 ppm) is reached.
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3

Nghipulile, T., T. E. Moongo, G. Dzinomwa, K. Maweja, B. Mapani, J. Kurasha, and M. Amwaama. "Effect of mineralogy on grindability -A case study of copper ores." Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy 123, no. 3 (April 14, 2023): 133–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2411-9717/1714/2023.

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The effect of mineralogy on the grindability was investigated using three copper ores - two sulphides and one oxide. The dominant copper minerals were identified by optical microscopy and mineral chemistry derived from SEM-EDS analysis. The sample designated sulphide 1 was bornite-rich, sulphide 2 ore was mainly chalcopyrite, and the oxide ore was predominantly malachite and minor azurite. The gangue minerals were identified using semi-qualitative XRD analysis. Sulphide 1 contained more than 80% (w/w) of quartz compared to about 70% in the other two ores. The Bond work indices were 13.8, 21.6, and 17.3 kWh/t for sulphide 1, sulphide 2, and oxide ore respectively. This suggested that the chalcopyrite-rich ore is the hardest, while the malachite-rich ore has intermediate hardness, and the bornite-rich ore is the softest. The brittleness indices of the ores were calculated using the chemical composition of the gangue, and a good correlation between brittleness indices and Bond work indices was observed, which highlights the importance of the gangue composition in determining the fracture behaviour of the ores. There is scope for further investigation into the relationship between ore mineralogy and comminution behaviour using other breakage characterization techniques.
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4

Belogub, E. V., C. A. Novoselov, B. Spiro, and B. A. Yakovleva. "Mineralogical and S isotopic features of the supergene profile of the Zapadno-Ozernoe massive sulphide and Au-bearing gossan deposit, South Urals." Mineralogical Magazine 67, no. 2 (April 2003): 339–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/0026461036720105.

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The profile of the supergene zone of the Zapadno-Ozernoe massive sulphide Cu-Zn deposit differs from the classic model (Emmons, 1917) in that it includes a prominent dark sooty subzone rich in secondary sulphides. This subzone is situated above residual pyrite sands, which overlie the massive sulphide body and below quartz-baryte leached sands. It contains a diverse mineral assemblage which consists of secondary sulphides such as galena, sphalerite, metacinnabar, Se-bearing pyrite—dhzarkenite series, tiemannite, native Au, native S and native Se, and unidentified sulphosalts of Ag and Hg. The very light S isotope composition of the secondary sulphides (lowest values δ34S = —17.2‰ (VCDt) in comparison with primary pyrite ∼0‰ and baryte +18.4‰ is indicative of bacterial sulphate reduction. The overlying oxidized part of the supergene column contains minerals of the jarosite-beudantite- segnitite series. The maximum concentrations of Au, up to 150 ppm, occur in the lower part of the profile. The atypical structure, mineral assemblage and S isotope composition of the secondary sulphides in the dark layer of the supergene profile are indicative of particular geochemical conditions due to the existence of a stagnant water body that gave rise to intense bacterial activity, in turn controlled by fluctuations in the redox boundary.
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5

Wilton, Derek H. C., Benoit M. Saumur, Adrian Gordon, and Marie-Claude Williamson. "Enigmatic massive sulphide mineralization in the High Arctic Large Igneous Province, Nunavut, Canada." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 56, no. 7 (July 2019): 790–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2018-0156.

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Modern mineral exploration strategies should take into account nontraditional metallogenic models for a given geological environment. Here we document the first detailed study of a massive sulphide showing associated with the High Arctic Large Igneous Province (HALIP) and Sverdrup Basin and in fact, only the second example of mineralization described from Axel Heiberg Island, Queen Elizabeth Islands, Canadian Arctic Archipelago. The Between Lake showing (western Axel Heiberg Island) is a small massive sulphide occurrence within scree/talus below a large ridge of gabbro. It was originally described by explorationists as an orthomagmatic sulphide occurrence hosted within a dioritic dyke. New petrographic and mineralogical analyses indicate that the showing consists predominantly of pyrrhotite with lesser pyrite, trace chalcopyrite, and rare sphalerite. No Ni- or Pb-bearing sulphide minerals were detected. Geochemically, the showing contains some Co and Cu, rare Zn, and generally very low Ni contents (<9 ppm). Sulphur isotope ratios of sulphide minerals range from +3.6 to + 6.6‰, somewhat heavier than expected for magmatic-derived S but isotopically lighter than S associated with local evaporite diapirs (+5.8‰ to +12.2‰). Orthomagmatic sulphides hosted in the diorite typically exhibit even lighter isotopic ratios of –3.9‰ to –1.00‰. The data are consistent with potential mafic–siliciclastic volcanogenic massive sulphide mineralization, or the like, the first documented in the HALIP. High heat flow associated with extensive HALIP magmatism was likely the driving force for such mineralization. Mineral prospectivity in Canada’s High Arctic had been predicated upon the potential presence of magmatic Ni – Cu – platinum group element sulphide mineralization. Rather than negating this potential, our findings provide evidence for additional metallogenic potential for this region of Nunavut.
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6

Merkle, Roland K. W. "Platinum-group minerals in the middle group of chromitite layers at Marikana, western Bushveld Complex: indications for collection mechanisms and postmagmatic modification." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 29, no. 2 (February 1, 1992): 209–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e92-020.

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The platinum-group minerals in a drill core taken through the middle group of chromitite layers in the Critical Zone at Marikana in the western Bushveld Complex were found to consist mainly of laurite as inclusions in chromite grains. The platinum-group minerals containing Pt, Pd, and Rh are concentrated in the intercumulus silicates and frequently associated with base-metal sulphides. Up to about 20% of all platinum-group minerals in the investigated chromitite layers contain sub stantial amounts of As. The base-metal sulphides are strongly modified in the postmagmatic stage, which led to a significant loss of Fe and S, in this way concentrating Cu, Ni, and the platinum-group elements by factors of up to 10. Interaction between chromite and base-metal sulphides cannot account for all the Fe lost in chromite-poor samples, and the importance of additional processes is indicated. Inclusions in chromite and orthopyroxene indicate the formation of discrete platinum-group minerals and As-rich phases before the formation of an immiscible sulphide melt. Resorption of earlier formed platinum-group minerals into the immiscible sulphide melt and postmagmatic sulphidation destroyed most of the evidence of the early formed platinum-group minerals.
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7

Parnell, John, Sean McMahon, and Adrian Boyce. "Demonstrating deep biosphere activity in the geological record of lake sediments, on Earth and Mars." International Journal of Astrobiology 17, no. 4 (October 2, 2017): 380–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1473550417000337.

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AbstractThe investigation of Gale Crater has highlighted the occurrence of lake sediments in the geological record of Mars. Lacustrine basins include a diversity of potential habitats for life. An analogue terrestrial lacustrine basin of Devonian age in Scotland contains sulphide minerals in several settings where subsurface microbial colonization can be envisaged. Sulphur isotope compositions for the sulphides imply that they were precipitated by microbial sulphate reduction. The data suggest that the search for life in martian lacustrine basins should include investigation of potential subsurface habitats, and that any sulphides in martian lacustrine basins could be useful indicators in the search for life.
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8

Cook, Nigel J., Christopher Halls, and Alan P. Boyle. "Deformation and metamorphism of massive sulphides at Sulitjelma, Norway." Mineralogical Magazine 57, no. 386 (March 1993): 67–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1993.057.386.07.

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AbstractThe copper-bearing stratabound pyritic massive sulphide bodies contained in metamorphosed basic eruptives of Ordovician age at Sulitjelma in Nordland County, Norway, form one of the important fields of sulphide mineralisation within the Köli Nappe Complex. The sulphide bodies and their enclosing rocks were subject to successive stages of penetrative deformation and recrystallisation during the cycle of metamorphism and tectonic transport caused by the Scandian Orogeny. Textures within the ores and the immediate envelope of schists show that strain was focused along the mineralised horizons. The marked contrast in competence between the massive pyritic sulphides and their envelopes of alteration composed dominantly of phyllosilicates, and the metasediments of the overlying Furulund Group, led to the formation of macroscale fold and shear structures. On the mesoto microscale, a variety of textures have been formed within the pyrite-pyrrhotite-chalcopyrite-sphalerite sulphide rocks as a result of strain and recrystallisation. Variations in pyrite:pyrrhotite ratios and in the texture and proportions of associated gangue minerals evidently governed the strength and ductility of the sulphide rocks so that the same sulphide mineral can behave differently, displaying different textures in different matrices. In massive pyritic samples there is evidence of evolution towards textural equilibrium by recrystallisation, grain growth and annealment during the prograde part of the metamorphic cycle. Later, brittle deformation was superimposed on these early fabrics and the textural evidence is clearly preserved. By comparing published data on the brittle-ductile transformation boundaries of sulphide minerals with the conditions governing metamorphism at Sulitjelma, it is concluded that most of the brittle deformation in the sulphides took place during or after D3under retrograde greenschist conditions. Grain growth of pyrite in matrices of more ductile sulphides during the prograde and early retrograde stages of metamorphism produced the coarse metablastic textures for which Sulitjelma is well-known. In some zones of high resolved shear stress, pyrite shows ductile behaviour which could be explained by a dislocation flow mechanism operating at conditions close to the metamorphic peak. In those horizons in which pyrrhotite is the dominant iron sulphide, the contrast in ductility between silicates, pyrite and pyrrhotite has led to the development of spectacular tectonoclastic textures in which fragments of wall rock have been broken, deformed, rolled and rotated within the ductile pyrrhotite matrix.
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9

Kim, Heekang, Frank Rosenblum, Ozan Kökkılıç, and Kristian Waters. "Role of Elemental Sulphur in Stage B Self-Heating of Sulphide Minerals, and the Potential Role of Polysulphides." Minerals 13, no. 7 (July 8, 2023): 923. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min13070923.

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Анотація:
Sulphide minerals undergo numerous stages of mineral processing to extract the desired metal. When they are exposed to certain environmental conditions, some sulphide minerals can spontaneously heat up, a process called self-heating (SH), which, if left unchecked, can be a major hazard. Self-heating occurs in three distinct temperature stages, termed Stage A (temperature below 100 °C), Stage B (temperature range of 100 °C–350 °C), and Stage C (above 350 °C). Historically, it was understood that elemental sulphur generated in Stage A fuels Stage B reactions; however, the full extent of this behaviour is still unknown. The aim of this study is to understand the role of elemental sulphur in Stage B reactions. The results have demonstrated that elemental sulphur is incapable of fueling Stage B self-heating on its own, and it needs to interact with sulphide minerals in ambient temperatures in the presence of moisture and air. This interaction seems to be unique to pyrrhotite, as it failed to demonstrate stage B self-heating with other sulphide minerals. Previous works in surface chemistry suggest that this interaction leads to the formation of polysulphides.
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10

Dekov, Vesselin, Elena Mandova, and Vera Kazakova. "Mineralogical genetic groups of fine-psammitic and coarse-aleuritic fractions and some indicators of the submarine hydrothermal activity history (East Pacific Rise, 21°S)." Geologica Balcanica 24, no. 3 (June 30, 1994): 63–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.52321/geolbalc.24.3.63.

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The mineral composition of fine-psammitic (0.10-0.50 mm) and coarse-aleuritic (0.05-0.10 mm) fractions of metalliferous sediments from the East Pacific Rise axial zone (20°30'-22°00' S) is investigated in details by a complex of analytical methods. The mineral composition of the sediments of this region is controlled by the follow factors: remoteness from the landmasses; ocean depth; appurtenance of investigated area to the South arid zone and the axial part of the fast spreading centre with high hydrothermal activity. The sedimentary formation of the investigated spreading segment is polygenetic. Seven mineralogical genetic groups can be distinguished: biogenous, terrigenous, hydrothermal, basaltic, diagenetic, hydrogenetic and cosmogenic. The pelagic background is formed mainly by biogenous CaCO3 and detrital and clay minerals with eolic origin. The diagenetic and hydrogenetic mineral formation have subordinate significance in that environment. The tectonovolcanic processes in the region supply a specific "local" material to the sediments - basaltic and hydrothermal. Some of the minerals accumulating in the metalliferous sediments of the spreading sedimentary formation can be recommended as indicators for sulphide ore prospecting. The sulphides of Fe, Cu, Zn; barite; Fe umbers; compact black-brown Fe crusts; black Mn crusts; colloform semitransparent aggregates of Fe oxyhydroxydes and amorphous SiO2 are the best indicators for sulphide mineralization in the investigated area. Their contents increase regularly towards the hydrothermal fields. The spatial distribution of the minerals related to the hydrothermal activity in the rift is controlled by the rate and direction of the seabottom currents and by the hydrothermal system locality and power. A regular variation of the mineral composition of the investigated fractions is established during cyclic tectono-volcanic development of the spreading centre. The content of basaltic minerals increases during the volcanic cycles (before and after the hydrothermal cycles). The concentration of hydrothermal-sedimentary minerals in the sediments increases during the hydrothermal cycles. Low-temperature minerals are formed during their initial and final phases.
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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Sulphide minerals"

1

DiFeo, Anthony. "Heterocoagulation of sulphide minerals." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0032/NQ64547.pdf.

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2

Richardson, Stephen. "Sulphide ore minerals : surface chemical properties." Thesis, Aston University, 1988. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/8068/.

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The surfaces of iron-containing sulphide minerals were oxidised by a range of inorganic oxidants, and the resultant surface alteration products studied using various spectroscopic techniques. The characterisation of surface oxidation is relevant to the alteration of ores in nature and their behaviour during flotation and leaching, of importance to the metallurgical industry. The sulphides investigated included pyrite (FeS2), hexagonal pyrrhotine (Fe9S10), monoclinic pyrrhotine (Fe7Se), violarite (FeNi2S4), pentlandite ((FeiNi)9Se), chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) and arsenopyrite (FeAsS). The surfaces were oxidised by various methods including acid (sulphuric), alkali (ammonium hydroxide), hydrogen peroxide, steam, electrochemical and air/oxygen (in a low-temperature (150ºC) furnace), The surfaces were examined using surface sensitive chemical spectroscopic methods including x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ms), Auger electron spectroscopy (LES) and conversion electron Mössbauer spectroscopy (CEKS). Physical characterisation of the surfaces was undertaken using scanning electron microscopy (SM), spectral reflectance measurements and optical microscopy. Bulk characterisation of the sulphide minerals was undertaken using x-ray diffraction and electron microprobe techniques. Observed phases suggested to form in most of the sulphide surfaces include Fe204, Fe1-x0, Fe202, Fe00H, Fe(OH)3, with iron II & III oxy-sulphates. The iron sulphides show variable extents of oxidation, indicating pyrite to be the most stable. Violarite shows stability to oxidation, suggested to result from both its stable spinel crystal structure, and from the rapid formation of sulphur at the surface protecting the sub-surface from further oxidation. The phenomenon of sub-surface enrichment (in metals), forming secondary sulphides, is exhibited by pentlandite and chalcopyrite, forming violarite and copper sulphides respectively. The consequences of this enrichment with regard to processing and leaching are discussed. Arsenopyrite, often a hindrance in ore processing, exhibits the formation of arsenic compounds at the surface, the dissolution of which is discussed in view of the possible environmental hazard caused by the local pollution of water systems. The results obtained allow a characterisation of the sulphides in terms of their relative stability to oxidation, and an order of stability of the sulphide surfaces is proposed. Models were constructed to explain the chemical compositions of the surfaces, and the inter-relationships between the phases determined at the surface and in the sub-surface. These were compared to the thermo-chemically predicted phases shown in Eh/pH and partial pressure diagrams! The results are discussed, both in terms of the mineralogy and geochemistry of natural ores, and the implications for extraction and processing of these ore minerals.
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3

Catherine, J. H. "The anodic dissolution of copper from complex sulphide minerals." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.381574.

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4

Gudyanga, Francis Pedzana. "Electrohydrometallurgical reduction of cassiterite (SnO2) associated with sulphide minerals." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/47090.

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5

Swarts, Arnoldus Carel. "The Influence of magnetic fields on the flotation of sulphide minerals." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2001. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-02192007-094826.

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6

Goh, Siew Wei Chemistry Faculty of Science UNSW. "Application of surface science to sulfide mineral processing." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Chemistry, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/32912.

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Surface spectroscopic techniques have been applied to facets of the flotation beneficiation and hydrometallurgical extraction of sulfide minerals to enhance the fundamental understanding of these industrially important processes. As a precursor to the determination of surface chemical composition, the sub-surface properties of some sulfide minerals that have not previously been fully characterised were also investigated. The electronic properties of ??-NiS and ??-NiS (millerite), Ni3S2 (heazlewoodite), (Ni,Fe)9S8 (pentlandite), CuFe2S3 (cubanite), CuFeS2 (chalcopyrite), Cu5FeS4 (bornite) and CuS (covellite) were investigated by conventional and synchrotron X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy augmented by ab initio density of state calculations and NEXAFS spectral simulations. Particular aspects studied included the relationship between sulfur coordination number and core electron binding energies, the higher than expected core electron binding energies for the sulfur in the metal-excess nickel sulfides, and the formal oxidation states of the Cu and Fe in Cu-Fe sulfides. It was concluded that the binding energy dependence on coordination number was less than previously believed, that Ni-Ni bonding was the most likely explanation for the unusual properties of the Ni sulfides, and that there was no convincing evidence for Cu(II) in sulfides as had been claimed. Most of the NEXAFS spectra simulated by the FEFF8 and WIEN2k ab initio codes agreed well with experimental spectra, and the calculated densities of states were useful in rationalising the observed properties. XPS, static secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) and NEXAFS spectroscopy were used to investigate thiol flotation collector adsorption on several sulfides in order to determine the way in which the collector chemisorbs to the mineral surface, to differentiate monolayer from multilayer coverage, and to characterise the multilayer species. It was found that static SIMS alone was able to differentiate monolayer from multilayer coverage, and together with angle-resolved NEXAFS spectroscopy, was also able to confirm that 2-mercaptobenzothiazole interacted through both its N and exocyclic S atoms. The altered layers formed on chalcopyrite and heazlewoodite during acid leaching were examined primarily by means of threshold S KLL Auger electron spectroscopy, but no evidence for buried interfacial species was obtained.
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7

Sharma, Prashant K. "Surface studies relevant to microbial adhesion and bioflotation of sulphide minerals /." Luleå, 2001. http://epubl.luth.se/1402-1544/2001/37/index.html.

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8

Al-Harahsheh, Mohammad. "A fundamental investigation into the microwave assisted leaching of sulphide minerals." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2005. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11075/.

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Microwave assisted leaching has been investigated in an attempt to improve both the yield of extracted metal and reduce processing time. This is especially pertinent in view of the increased demands for metal and more environmentally friendly processes. This work reports a fundamental study on the influence of microwave energy on the dissolution of sulphide minerals. Chalcopyrite and sphalerite were chosen as model materials due to their economic importance and the diversity of their heating behaviour in a microwave field (chalcopyrite being an excellent microwave heater and sphalerite being an extremely poor microwave receptor). Chalcopyrite leaching has been carried out in ferric sulphate and ferric chloride under both microwave and conventional conditions. Conventionally, it was found that chalcopyrite dissolution in ferric sulphate seems to be limited by surface reaction control. More importantly, it has been shown that specific fracture planes on chalcopyrite particle surfaces experience selective leaching, which was revealed by SEM and ToF-SIMS surface analysis. The preferential attack on particular planes is speculated to be linked to different chemistry of some cleavage planes within the chalcopyrite crystal. In the ferric chloride system, however, it was found that cupric chloride, a reaction product of chalcopyrite with ferric sulphate, may play an important role in the dissolution process. Leaching of both chalcopyrite and sphalerite in ferric sulphate under microwave conditions has shown enhanced recoveries of metal values compared to that produced conventionally. It has been demonstrated that the enhanced copper recovery from chalcopyrite during microwave treatment is as a result of the selective heating of the mineral particles over the solution which was found to be highly lossy. In addition, it is suggested that high loss leaching solutions will develop a superheated layer close to the periphery of the reaction vessel (due to the small penetration depth) which creates localised heating compared to the bulk solution temperature. The enhanced recovery of zinc from sphalerite seems to occur as a result of only the presence of the superheated layer. If leaching takes place within this layer, an apparent rate increase will be noted with respect to the measured bulk temperature. The hypotheses of selective heating (for chalcopyrite) and the effect of penetration depth (for chalcopyrite and sphalerite) were supported by the negligible difference between the activation energy values under microwave and conventional conditions for both chalcopyrite and sphalerite. Furthermore, the measurements of dielectric properties of the leaching solutions have shown that such solutions are highly lossy and characterised by a penetration depth of an order of about 3 mm. Finally, numerical electromagnetic simulations showed that chalcopyrite particles could be heated selectively when micro-waved within highly lossy leaching solutions due to their high conductivity. It is concluded that the dielectric properties of both the solid and liquid phases, the dimensions of the reactor and the position of solid particles within the reactor determine the leaching outcome. More importantly, it is likely that the enhanced recoveries observed are not likely to be as a result of a so called "non-thermal microwave effect" but rather as a result of thermal effects.
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9

Hunter, C. J. "An electrochemical investigation of the froth flotation of iron bearing sulphide minerals." Thesis, Brunel University, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.351913.

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10

Taguta, Jestos. "The thermochemical behaviour of thiol collectors and collector mixtures with sulphide minerals." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20124.

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Thiol collectors continue to dominate the base metal sulphide (BMS) and platinum group mineral (PGM) flotation industry. The behaviour of thiol collectors and collector mixtures with sulphide mineral surfaces has been extensively studied using different techniques such as XPS, ToF-SIMS, UV-VIS, etc. However, most of these techniques require a collector dosage above monolayer coverage, take place under equilibrium conditions and may not simulate flotation conditions. Moreover, most of the studies focus on isolated minerals yet exploitable ores exist as an association of sulphide minerals. The use of thiol collector mixtures in the base metal sulphides (BMS) and platinum group mineral (PGM) flotation industries has been reported to offer several performance benefits by many researchers. However, the mechanism whereby these collector mixtures adsorb onto a specific mineral surface is still not clearly understood. This study used isothermal titration microcalorimetry to monitor sub-monolayer reactions by continuously measuring the heats of adsorption as the reactions between thiol collector (and collector mixtures) and sulphide minerals (and mixed minerals) proceed in real time. The enthalpy of adsorption does not only characterise the intensity of adsorption between a collector and mineral surface but also gives insight into the reaction mechanism, whether physisorption (less negative than -40 kJ/mol) or chemisorption (more negative than -40 kJ/mol). Microflotation was also used to determine the hydrophobicity imparted onto the mineral particles as a result of the mineral-collector interactions. Sulphide minerals investigated were chalcopyrite, pyrite, pyrrhotite and galena. Thiol collectors investigated were xanthates of varying chain length (SEX, SIBX, PNBX and PAX) as well as dithiocarbamates (diethyl-DTC and n-butyl DTC) and diethyl-DTP. The current study seeks to gain knowledge of which collector interacts best with which mineral and an understanding of the mechanism behind the reactions. This study also seeks to investigate the performance and adsorption mechanisms when single minerals are interacted with thiol collectors singly and also in a mixture. A better understanding of how to design collector mixtures is to be gained. Furthermore this study seeks to understand the effect of mineral-mineral interactions on thiol collector adsorption and on the floatability of the pure minerals.
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Книги з теми "Sulphide minerals"

1

Forssberg, K. S. Eric, 1943-, ed. Flotation of sulphide minerals 1990. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1991.

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2

Hu, Yuehua, Wei Sun, and Dianzuo Wang. Electrochemistry of Flotation of Sulphide Minerals. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-92179-0.

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Wei, Sun, Wang Dianzuo 1934-, and SpringerLink (Online service), eds. Electrochemistry of Flotation of Sulphide Minerals. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2009.

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4

Basilio, Cesar Indiongco. Fundamental studies of thionocarbamate interactions with sulfide minerals. Blacksburg, VA: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 2003.

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5

Sarkar, S. N. Geology and geochemistry of sulphide ore bodies and associated rocks in Mosaboni and Rakha mines sections in the Singhbhum copper belt. Dhanbad: Indian School of Mines, 1986.

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6

B, Stephens Michael, International Association on the Genesis of Ore Deposits. Symposium, and Nordkalott Project, eds. Stratabound sulphide deposits in the central Scandinavian Caledonides. Uppsala: Sveriges geologiska undersökning, 1986.

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7

Foose, M. P. Sulfide inclusions within the B chromitite, Stillwater Complex, Montana. Reston, Va: U.S. Geological Survey, 1990.

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Lardeau, Maria. Minéralogie et pétrogenèse du minerai sulfuré du gisement volcano-sédimentaire à Zn-Cu-Ba-(Pb-Ag) de Chessy-les-Mines (Rhône): Application à l'étude des amas sulfurés métamorphisés. Orléans, France: Editions du BRGM, 1989.

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9

Fumiyuki, Marumo, ed. Dynamic processes of material transport and transformation in the earth's interior. Tokyo: Terra Scientific Pub. Co., 1991.

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10

Moëlo, Yves. Sulfures complexes plombo-argentifères: Minéralogie et cristallochimie de la série andorite-fizelyite, (Pb, Mn, Fe, Cd, Sn)₃₋₂x̳ (Ag, Cu)x̳ (Sb, Bi, As)₂₊x̳, (S, Se)₆. Orleans, France: Editions du BRGM, 1989.

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Частини книг з теми "Sulphide minerals"

1

Hu, Yuehua, Wei Sun, and Dianzuo Wang. "Collector Flotation of Sulphide Minerals." In Electrochemistry of Flotation of Sulphide Minerals, 63–111. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-92179-0_4.

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2

Gallios, G. P., K. A. Kydros, and K. A. Matis. "Electrokinetic Behaviour of Sulphide Minerals." In Mineral Processing and the Environment, 25–42. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2284-1_2.

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3

Hu, Yuehua, Wei Sun, and Dianzuo Wang. "Electrochemical Flotation Separation of Sulphide Minerals." In Electrochemistry of Flotation of Sulphide Minerals, 244–68. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-92179-0_10.

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4

Marabini, A., and M. Barbaro. "Chelating reagents for flotation of sulphide minerals." In Sulphide deposits—their origin and processing, 103–17. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0809-3_7.

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5

Hu, Yuehua, Wei Sun, and Dianzuo Wang. "Electrochemistry of Activation Flotation of Sulphide Minerals." In Electrochemistry of Flotation of Sulphide Minerals, 142–66. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-92179-0_6.

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6

Ixer, R. A. "Volcanogenic massive sulphide deposits." In Atlas of Opaque and Ore Minerals in Their Associations, 74–95. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0859-1_5.

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7

Hu, Yuehua, Wei Sun, and Dianzuo Wang. "General Review of Electrochemistry of Flotation of Sulphide Minerals." In Electrochemistry of Flotation of Sulphide Minerals, 1–19. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-92179-0_1.

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8

Hu, Yuehua, Wei Sun, and Dianzuo Wang. "Natural Floatability and Collectorless Flotation of Sulphide Minerals." In Electrochemistry of Flotation of Sulphide Minerals, 20–52. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-92179-0_2.

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9

Hu, Yuehua, Wei Sun, and Dianzuo Wang. "Collectorless Flotation in the Presence of Sodium Sulphide." In Electrochemistry of Flotation of Sulphide Minerals, 53–62. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-92179-0_3.

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10

Hu, Yuehua, Wei Sun, and Dianzuo Wang. "Roles of Depressants in Flotation of Sulphide Minerals." In Electrochemistry of Flotation of Sulphide Minerals, 112–41. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-92179-0_5.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Sulphide minerals"

1

Matabishi, M., R. Handfield-Jones, and G. Akdoğan. "Effect of electrochemical environment on collectorless flotation of some sulphide minerals." In The 8th International Mineral Processing Symposium. Taylor & Francis Group, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203747117-41.

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2

Angelopoulos, Panagiotis M., Georgios Anastassakis, Nikolaos Kountouris, Maria Taxiarchou, Effrosyni Koutsotheodorou, Tilemachos Pefkos, Vasileios Klepkos, Christina Samara, and Giorgos Mprokos. "Flotation of Sulphide Minerals Using Organosolv Lignin as Collector—Pilot-Scale Trials." In RawMat 2023. Basel Switzerland: MDPI, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/materproc2023015081.

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3

Rajabi, Abdorrahman, Pouria Mahmoodi, Ebrahim Rastad, Carles Canet, Pura Alfonso, Shojaedin Niroomand, Ali Yarmohammadi, Hamid Peernajmodin, and Zahra Akbari. "An introduction to Irish-type Zn-Pb deposits in early Cretaceous carbonate rocks of Iran." In Irish-type Zn-Pb deposits around the world. Irish Association for Economic Geology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.61153/zzug6529.

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Early Cretaceous carbonates are the most common host rocks for Irish-type deposits in Iran. They are largely concentrated in the Malayer-Esfahan metallogenic belt (MEMB) in southwestern Iran, and Yazd-Anarak metallogenic belt in Central Iran. They include some world‐class ore deposits such as Mehdiabad, Irankuh, and Ahangaran. These stratabound deposits are hosted mostly in carbonates with minor siltstones and volcanic components, that formed in extensional and passive margin environments that are related to the Nain-Baft back-arc basin. The deposits are stratabound and comprise wedge-shaped to tabular sulphide-barite orebodies and occur in several different stratigraphic horizons. Dolomitization and silicification are the main wall-rock alteration styles. Replacement textures are common, and orebodies represent complex textures of sulphides and barite, such as brecciated, colloform, zebra, minor laminated, and banded replacement. Barite is an important gangue mineral in the MEMB and YAMB deposits, partly replaced by coarse-grained galena, sphalerite, and chalcopyrite. Sulphides from these Irish-type deposits have a wide spread of light δ34S values (with the majority falling between -25 to +5‰) with mostly bacterial sulphate reduction (BSR) origin. Fluid inclusion studies show that homogenization temperatures of ore minerals are typically 120 to about 280°C (majority 225-275°C), and salinities range from 2 to 24 wt.% NaCl eq, with the majority falling between 8 and 22 wt% NaCl eq. Using the criteria outlined in this study, early Cretaceous extensional sedimentary basins (e.g., Nain-Baft) are highlighted as target areas for exploration of world-class Irish-type ore deposits and correspond well with the periods of expulsions of Cretaceous CaCl2-rich brines.
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4

Pastukhov, A. M., and S. Yu Skripchenko. "The effect of sulphide minerals on uranium oxidation state in in-situ leaching." In 3RD ELECTRONIC AND GREEN MATERIALS INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2017 (EGM 2017). Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5002932.

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5

Cihangir, Ferdi, Ercument Koc, Mursel Orak, Taha Yavuz Deveci, and Bayram Ercikdi. "IMPORTANCE OF STATIC TESTS FOR THE PREDICTION OF AMD POTENTIAL OF CEMENTED PASTE BACKFILL." In 23rd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2023. STEF92 Technology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2023/1.1/s03.42.

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Cemented paste backfill (CPB) is an engineering mixture of mine tailings, cement and water. Tailings can commonly contain sulphidic minerals. In this case, acid mine drainage (AMD) may occur due to the oxidation of sulphidic minerals present in the body of the CPB. In general, AMD lowers the pH of the medium and water environment and may cause heavy metal release. Therefore, AMD potential is an important parameter to be considered with regard to environmental aspect. Static tests are widely used to determine the AMD potential of sulphidic materials. When neutralization capacity is higher than the acid generation potential, tailings can be safely stored from an environmental point of view. In this study, AMD potential of CPB material produced from sulfur-containing fine tailings is investigated. In this scope, a static modified ABA test was performed on fine sulphidic tailings (TA) and CPB produced from the same sulphidic tailings+7%wt. SR5 cement+water for the first time. Findings suggests that the CPB material had a lower AMD potential (~10%) compared to the tailings. Acid generation capacity of both tailings and the CPB was found to be dominant due to the high sulphide content (~30%wt. and ~28%wt.), respectively. However, CPB was observed to maintain its structural integrity and did not release acidic water for at least 40 weeks. This study showed that a well-designed CPB can be effectively used as an environmentally friendly mine tailings management method.
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6

Russell, Michael J. "On Irish bacteriometallogenesis and its wider connotations." In Irish-type Zn-Pb deposits around the world. Irish Association for Economic Geology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.61153/pbic1076.

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Rapid and widespread access of surface waters to jostling segments of the upper crust marks the first step to metallogenesis in the Irish early Carboniferous. Overall, siting of these ore-forming systems involves two types of fluid-charged autocatalytic cracking engines. The more obvious is a province-wide diffuse type, excavating downward from the generally submarine surface to where waters are heated, dissolve metals and become buoyant enough to exploit channel ways back to the surface. Another, rather more obscure engine, starts near the mantle-crust boundary and either produces a through-going crustal structure to vectorially guide pressurized mantle volatiles and perhaps accompanying magma toward the surface, or it autonomously drills its way through the entire crust by penetrative convection, as in a diatreme. Either way ore-forming solutions are perhaps best incubated where both engines interact within the crust. But precipitation of minable metal requires structural down warp basins and associated saline, sulphate-reducing microbiome traps. So, whilst there is no unique ex-planation for the distribution of the orebodies, the Navan orebody, its southwest extension (SWEX) and its neigh-bour to the south, Tara Deep, do fall on a putative N-S Geofracture (Gf 3) first proposed in 1968/1969. But the N-S Geofracture hypothesis runs strongly against the “academic” grain! Moreover, no further discoveries can be unequivocally assigned to the hypothesis. So why persist with the notion at all? Well, there have been some other indications of such structures in adjacent countries and, most notably and farthest afield, on Mars which acts as a time machine for our planet! There the seismically active Cerberus Fossae structures have similar crustal joint aspect ratios of 40 to 55km, as with the putative Irish (and Scottish) examples. And five cold springs, sequentially younger to the east, happen to lie well-spaced along a 250km stretch of the northernmost Fossa. Yet there are no signs of mineral sulphide accumulations on Mars. Perhaps lacking there were sulphate-reducing bacteria required for the deposition of economic ores as in Ireland. Indeed, it was the discovery of light sulphate sulphur in the Irish ores, along with lithochemical and geological evidence for an exhalative aspect to them, that inspired the submarine alkaline vent theory (AVT) for the emergence of life. In this theory exothermic serpentinization drives hydrothermal convection cells to produce the exhalations into the Hadean Ocean. Here the free-energy convert-ing iron minerals (oxyhydroxides and sulphides) act as nano-engines in spontaneously precipitated membranes to generate the appropriate organic molecules required for life’s onset from volatile and hydrothermal delivery of CO2, H2, CH4 and the trace elements. These prebiotic nanoengines are powered by the electrical and pH disequilibria focused across the mineral membranes amounting to ~1 volt.
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7

Evans, Paul. "Reservoir Souring Modelling, Prediction and Mitigation." In ASME 2008 27th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2008-57085.

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The prediction of reservoir souring due to the activity of sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB) during water injection is an important consideration in material selection for wells and production facilities. A number of reservoir souring models have been developed in the past 16 years or so, with the objective of predicting the timing and magnitude of H2S production. The results of the reservoir souring models are dependent on a number of reservoir geometry, geochemical, microbiological and reservoir geology parameters. For example, the SRB activity is dependent on the availability of essential nutrients such as sulphate and dissolved hydrocarbons in the injection and formation waters. Environmental parameters such as temperature and pressure control in which parts of the reservoir SRB can be active. Water flow path and extent of water breakthrough has a major impact on H2S production. Very low reservoir permeabilities will restrict the movement of SRB into the rock matrix and certain minerals have the ability to scavenge H2S within the reservoir. All of these parameters must be accounted for in a reservoir souring simulation, and this requires the cooperation of reservoir engineers, geologists, production chemists and facilities engineers. Several techniques have been employed in the oil industry to try to control the generation of H2S within the reservoir. These include the application of biocides to control SRB activity, the injection of nitrate to stimulate other bacterial populations to out compete SRB for available food sources and the use of sulphate removal technologies to minimize sulphide production.
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8

Dalm, M., M. Buxton, and J. van Ruitenbeek. "Application of near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy to sensor based sorting of an epithermal Au-Ag ore." In OCM 2015 - 2nd International Conference on Optical Characterization of Materials. KIT Scientific Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.58895/ksp/1000044906-16.

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Test work was performed with near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy on 94 ore samples from a South-American Au-Ag mine. The aim of the test work was to investigate if alteration minerals can be detected with the NIR sensor that can be used as indicators of ore value. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was applied to the spectral data to make classification models that use the measured NIR spectra to distinguish samples with certain Au, S or C grades. This showed that detection of mineralogy with NIR spectroscopy can be used to discriminate on i) ore particles with low Au and Ag grades ii) ore particles with high carbon contents iii) ore particles with high sulphide contents.
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9

Saleh, Isman, Ratna Husain, and Rohaya Langkoke. "Sulphide minerals in limestone: Trap rock of buton asphalt on block Kabungka mine C Pt Wijaya Karya Bitumen, Buton regency, South East Sulawesi." In THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE 4TH EPI INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING (EICSE) 2020. AIP Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0095489.

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10

Elosta, Hany, Shiliang Shan, Nicole L. Kudla, and Kyung-Kyu Yang. "A Conceptual Framework for Assessing the Potential of Ocean Mining Sites." In ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2013-10539.

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Ocean mining is considered to be the new offshore frontier and has been the center of research and commercial focus over the past few years. The further development of the ocean mining industry posts challenges in many fields including engineering, economics, environment, law, logistics and supply chain. This research aims to understand the challenges and link these fields by developing a framework for assessing the potential of ocean mining sites. Seabed resources and associated exploration and exploitation technologies are reviewed. Based on this review, it identifies the most promising ocean mining sites, the massive sulphide deposits in inactive hydrothermal vents, along the oceanic ridge in the Exclusive Economic Zone. An online survey is conducted to obtain a broader academic and industrial view on ocean mining. The world’s first commercial ocean mining project developed by Nautilus Minerals Inc. is also analyzed as a case study. Based on the seabed resources review, online survey and case study, the major challenges in ocean mining are presented, covering engineering systems, environmental risk mitigation, economic feasibility, law, logistics and supply chain.
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Звіти організацій з теми "Sulphide minerals"

1

McClenaghan, M. B. Volcanogenic massive sulphide exploration in glaciated terrain using till geochemistry and indicator minerals. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/300292.

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2

McClenaghan, M. B. Volcanogenic massive sulphide exploration in glaciated terrain using till geochemistry and indicator minerals. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/292688.

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3

King, R. D., S. J. Piercey, R. C. Paulen, and J. A. Petrus. Major-, minor-, and trace-element geochemistry of sulphide indicator minerals from surficial sediments, southwestern Northwest Territories. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/314688.

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4

Lawley, C. J. M., S. E. Jackson, Z. Yang, W. J. Davis, R A Creaser, P. Mercier-Langevin, and B. Dubé. Tracing gold mobility using in situ Pb isotope geochemistry of early and remobilized sulphide minerals, Meliadine gold district. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/299668.

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5

Giovenazzo, D., R. Sproule, J. Simmonds, and P. K. Williams. Large scale targeting for Ni-Cu-PGE sulphide deposits using a minerals systems approach: an example from West Africa. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/300709.

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6

King, R. D., S. J. Piercey, and R. C. Paulen. In situ, microanalytical sulphur and lead isotopic compositions of sulphide indicator minerals from surficial sediments in southwestern Northwest Territories. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/311247.

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7

Dare, S. A. S., D. E. Ames, P. C. Lightfoot, S.-J. Barnes, and G. Beaudoin. Trace elements in Fe-oxide minerals from fertile and barren igneous complexes: investigating their use as a vectoring tool for Ni-Cu-PGE sulphide mineralization. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/296688.

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8

Zuccarelli, N., C. M. Lesher, M. G. Houlé, and S. J. Barnes. Variations in the textural facies of sulphide minerals in the Eagle's Nest Ni-Cu-(PGE) deposit, McFaulds Lake greenstone belt, Superior Province, Ontario: insights from microbeam scanning energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/326895.

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9

Neyedley, K., J. J. Hanley, P. Mercier-Langevin, and M. Fayek. Ore mineralogy, pyrite chemistry, and S isotope systematics of magmatic-hydrothermal Au mineralization associated with the Mooshla Intrusive Complex (MIC), Doyon-Bousquet-LaRonde mining camp, Abitibi greenstone belt, Québec. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328985.

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The Mooshla Intrusive Complex (MIC) is an Archean polyphase magmatic body located in the Doyon-Bousquet-LaRonde (DBL) mining camp of the Abitibi greenstone belt, Québec. The MIC is spatially associated with numerous gold (Au)-rich VMS, epizonal 'intrusion-related' Au-Cu vein systems, and shear zone-hosted (orogenic?) Au deposits. To elucidate genetic links between deposits and the MIC, mineralized samples from two of the epizonal 'intrusion-related' Au-Cu vein systems (Doyon and Grand Duc Au-Cu) have been characterized using a variety of analytical techniques. Preliminary results indicate gold (as electrum) from both deposits occurs relatively late in the systems as it is primarily observed along fractures in pyrite and gangue minerals. At Grand Duc gold appears to have formed syn- to post-crystallization relative to base metal sulphides (e.g. chalcopyrite, sphalerite, pyrrhotite), whereas base metal sulphides at Doyon are relatively rare. The accessory ore mineral assemblage at Doyon is relatively simple compared to Grand Duc, consisting of petzite (Ag3AuTe2), calaverite (AuTe2), and hessite (Ag2Te), while accessory ore minerals at Grand Duc are comprised of tellurobismuthite (Bi2Te3), volynskite (AgBiTe2), native Te, tsumoite (BiTe) or tetradymite (Bi2Te2S), altaite (PbTe), petzite, calaverite, and hessite. Pyrite trace element distribution maps from representative pyrite grains from Doyon and Grand Duc were collected and confirm petrographic observations that Au occurs relatively late. Pyrite from Doyon appears to have been initially trace-element poor, then became enriched in As, followed by the ore metal stage consisting of Au-Ag-Te-Bi-Pb-Cu enrichment and lastly a Co-Ni-Se(?) stage enrichment. Grand Duc pyrite is more complex with initial enrichments in Co-Se-As (Stage 1) followed by an increase in As-Co(?) concentrations (Stage 2). The ore metal stage (Stage 3) is indicated by another increase in As coupled with Au-Ag-Bi-Te-Sb-Pb-Ni-Cu-Zn-Sn-Cd-In enrichment. The final stage of pyrite growth (Stage 4) is represented by the same element assemblage as Stage 3 but at lower concentrations. Preliminary sulphur isotope data from Grand Duc indicates pyrite, pyrrhotite, and chalcopyrite all have similar delta-34S values (~1.5 � 1 permille) with no core-to-rim variations. Pyrite from Doyon has slightly higher delta-34S values (~2.5 � 1 permille) compared to Grand Duc but similarly does not show much core-to-rim variation. At Grand Duc, the occurrence of Au concentrating along the rim of pyrite grains and associated with an enrichment in As and other metals (Sb-Ag-Bi-Te) shares similarities with porphyry and epithermal deposits, and the overall metal association of Au with Te and Bi is a hallmark of other intrusion-related gold systems. The occurrence of the ore metal-rich rims on pyrite from Grand Duc could be related to fluid boiling which results in the destabilization of gold-bearing aqueous complexes. Pyrite from Doyon does not show this inferred boiling texture but shares characteristics of dissolution-reprecipitation processes, where metals in the pyrite lattice are dissolved and then reconcentrated into discrete mineral phases that commonly precipitate in voids and fractures created during pyrite dissolution.
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Ames, D. E., and I. Kjarsgaard. Sulphide and alteration mineral chemistry of low- and high- sulphide Cu-PGE-Ni deposits in the Footwall environment, Sudbury, Canada. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/292707.

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