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Опубліковано: 18 травня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Structure de collaboration"

Huang, Yuan, Weixi Han, and Douglas K. Macbeth. "The complexity of collaboration in supply chain networks." Supply Chain Management: An International Journal 25, no. 3 (January 8, 2020): 393–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/scm-11-2018-0382.

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Purpose This paper aims to investigate the complexity of collaborations in supply chain networks, particularly the influence of horizontal collaborations (e.g. international joint ventures) on vertical collaborations (e.g. supplier–manufacturer partnering relationships). Design/methodology/approach A multiple case study including four horizontal collaborations and five vertical collaborations within a supply chain network is presented in the context of the Chinese automotive industry. Data interpretation from interviews is structured by key collaborative activities and collaborative behaviors. Findings The analysis highlights a variety of collaborative behaviors under different types of collaboration and their interaction. The complexity of collaboration is revealed in a range of dimensions including culture diversity, drivers/facilitators, competitive/collaborative advantages and the engagement of all. Collaboration evolves as the structure of the supply chain changes; the key is to appreciate the existence of cooperation, competition and culture conflicts and to manage the trade-offs. Research limitations/implications A window of opportunity is presented for future research to investigate the complexity of supply chain collaboration in a wider industrial or geographical context, including statistical validation and comparative analysis. Practical implications A contingent view on supply chain collaboration is promoted to practitioners (e.g. international supply chain managers), where collaborative activities should be aligned with the motive and type of business relationships which may change as collaboration develops. Originality/value A rare empirical study captures the complexity of supply chain collaboration including the interaction between different forms. A dynamic collaboration approach recognizes the changing process, varying cooperation behaviors as well as characteristics of partners which have not been sufficiently reflected in the literature.

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Reinke, Amanda. "NGO-Research Collaborations and Conflicts." Commoning Ethnography 2, no. 1 (December 19, 2019): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/ce.v2i1.5359.

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Ethnographers collaborating with NGOs and non-profits while simultaneously researching their organizational structure, practices, and beliefs about service, advocacy, and activism face myriad challenges. However, collaboration – as it exists in a dialectical relationship between stakeholders working towards common goals – may also generate ethnographic insights that add to anthropological knowledge of NGOs. According to Lassiter (2005a, 2005b), researchers undertaking collaborative ethnography have four commitments: (1) ethical responsibilities to stakeholders; (2) honesty/transparency about research; (3) accessible writing; and (4) collaborative reading, writing, and interpretation. Collaborations may be interrupted at various points, but especially where bureaucratic structures and operations intervene. For example, agreements and documentation (e.g., memoranda of understanding, or MOUs) often challenge the interests and affect of collaborative work. In this article I draw on five years of collaborative NGOgraphy, Lassiter’s conceptualization of collaborative ethnography, and respond to Hymes’ (1972) call for a personal ethnography, in order to discuss the challenges and opportunities of NGO-researcher collaboration.

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Prentice, Christopher R., Mark T. Imperial, and Jeffrey L. Brudney. "Conceptualizing the Collaborative Toolbox: A Dimensional Approach to Collaboration." American Review of Public Administration 49, no. 7 (May 20, 2019): 792–809. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0275074019849123.

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This study explores the circumstances under which certain collaborative tools are adopted, and whether some tools are typically used in combination with others. We share the view of other scholars that collaboration practice is ahead of scholarship. Accordingly, we ground our analysis and conclusions on the observations provided by a sample of public managers who participate actively in collaborations. Findings from interviews with managers about the use of collaborative tools in their jurisdictions demonstrate that certain tools are used together, and that collaborations can be understood along three dimensions—structure of the collaboration, shared governance arrangements, and commitment of both parties to the collaboration. For researchers, this finding provides a foundation to comprehend, compare, and analyze collaborations across myriad policy domains. For practitioners, this result illustrates that collaborative tools are not interchangeable and are typically employed in three coherent groupings. For researchers and practitioners, the findings dispute common assumptions that greater collaboration (i.e., employing more tools) is productive and suggest that the emphasis might be more usefully placed on selecting and using the appropriate and parsimonious combination of tools to generate public value.

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Hayat, Tsahi, and Kelly Lyons. "A typology of collaborative research networks." Online Information Review 41, no. 2 (April 10, 2017): 155–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/oir-11-2015-0368.

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Purpose Many studies have investigated how the structure of the collaborative networks of researchers influences the nature of their work, and its outcome. Co-authorship networks (CANs) have been widely looked at as proxies that can help bring understanding to the structure of research collaborative ties. The purpose of this paper is to provide a framework for describing what influences the formation of different research collaboration patterns. Design/methodology/approach The authors use social network analysis (SNA) to analyze the co-authorship ego networks of the ten most central authors in 24 years of papers (703 papers and 1,118 authors) published in the Proceedings of CASCON, a computer science conference. In order to understand what lead to the formation of the different CANs the authors examined, the authors conducted semi-structured interviews with these authors. Findings Based on this examination, the authors propose a typology that differentiates three styles of co-authorship: matchmaking, brokerage, and teamwork. The authors also provide quantitative SNA-based measures that can help place researchers’ CAN into one of these proposed categories. Given that many different network measures can describe the collaborative network structure of researchers, the authors believe it is important to identify specific network structures that would be meaningful when studying research collaboration. The proposed typology can offer guidance in choosing the appropriate measures for studying research collaboration. Originality/value The results presented in this paper highlight the value of combining SNA analysis with interviews when studying CAN. Moreover, the results show how co-authorship styles can be used to understand the mechanisms leading to the formation of collaborative ties among researchers. The authors discuss several potential implications of these findings for the study of research collaborations.

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Rastin, Parisa, Basarab Matei, Guénaël Cabanes, Nistor Grozavu, and Younès Bennani. "Impact of Learners’ Quality and Diversity in Collaborative Clustering." Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing Research 9, no. 2 (April 1, 2019): 149–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jaiscr-2018-0030.

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Abstract Collaborative Clustering is a data mining task the aim of which is to use several clustering algorithms to analyze different aspects of the same data. The aim of collaborative clustering is to reveal the common underlying structure of data spread across multiple data sites by applying clustering techniques. The idea of collaborative clustering is that each collaborator shares some information about the segmentation (structure) of its local data and improve its own clustering with the information provided by the other learners. This paper analyses the impact of the quality and the diversity of the potential learners to the quality of the collaboration for topological collaborative clustering algorithms based on the learning of a Self-Organizing Map (SOM). Experimental analysis on real data-sets showed that the diversity between learners impact the quality of the collaboration. We also showed that some internal indexes of quality are a good estimator of the increase of quality due to the collaboration.

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Ofem, Brandon, Bindu Arya, and Stephen P. Borgatti. "The Drivers of Collaborative Success Between Rural Economic Development Organizations." Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly 47, no. 6 (June 22, 2018): 1113–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0899764018783084.

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The nonprofit literature has directed attention to exploring how features of the broader structure of exchanges within regional collaboration networks impact the dynamics and outcomes of a single partnership. This study examines how partners’ relative positions within a collaboration network impact their interdependence and collaborative success. Our analysis of 298 collaborations between 98 economic development organizations operating in an economically distressed rural region demonstrates that social network properties—structural embeddedness and relative centrality—have substantial effects on exchange partners’ collaborative success. We also investigate whether network effects are mediated by the two dimensions of interdependence, mutual dependence and power imbalance. Together, our theorizing and results speak to the driving factors of collaborative success in a context where collaboration is particularly vital.

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Demeyère, Caroline. "Construire un paradigme d’action publique post-NPM : approche ethnographique d’une collaboration gouvernements-associations." Gestion et management public Volume 11 / N° 1, no. 1 (July 20, 2023): 71–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/gmp.111.0071.

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Les aspirations à l’émergence d’un modèle d’action publique post-New Public Management (NPM) sont nombreuses et plurielles. Le nouveau paradigme serait fondé sur la promotion d’une logique de réseau collaboratif, qui s’ajoute à la logique hiérarchique associée à l’administration publique traditionnelle et à la logique de marché associé au NPM. Le développement de collaborations entre associations et acteurs gouvernementaux est stratégique pour le dépassement du NPM, mais elles sont difficiles à mettre en œuvre. Les littératures sur la transformation des modèles d’action publique et la collaboration intersecteurs se sont peu intéressées aux acteurs dans la construction de la collaboration et à la mise en lien de ce niveau micro à l’émergence d’un paradigme post-NPM. Cet article propose de comprendre comment les acteurs publics et associatifs se représentent la logique de réseau collaboratif sous-jacente au dépassement du NPM et s’organisent pour la mettre en œuvre. La collaboration gouvernements-associations est envisagée comme un processus en cours conduit par des acteurs impliqués dans un changement institutionnel : la transformation de leurs relations et de l’organisation de l’action publique vers des modalités collaboratives. La méthodologie adoptée est une ethnographie (2018-2020) d’une collaboration en cours entre des acteurs gouvernementaux et des associations. La collaboration étudiée a pour objet la transformation de l’organisation des politiques publiques régionales d’égalité entre les femmes et les hommes vers un fonctionnement en réseau et une participation extensive des associations du territoire. Les résultats montrent que les représentations du réseau collaboratif, de son articulation aux autres logiques de régulation et de la distribution des responsabilités dans sa mise en œuvre diffèrent en fonction de l’appartenance sectorielle des acteurs. Alors que les acteurs gouvernementaux intègrent l’incompatibilité et l’illégitimité de l’exercice de leur autorité hiérarchique dans la collaboration, les associations sont en demande d’une collaboration mandatée hiérarchiquement s’opposant à la logique de marché. La non-reconnaissance dans la structure collaborative de ces visions différentes de la collaboration et l’absence de soutien hiérarchique aux règles de la collaboration empêchent la construction d’une vision commune. Les conflits restent larvés, mais la méfiance des associations envers les partenaires publics croît. La collaboration s’essouffle mais se poursuit grâce à un effet de cliquet collaboratif permis par la hiérarchie. L’article propose une contribution théorique à l’analyse du modèle émergent post-NPM en mettant en lumière les représentations différentes du réseau collaboratif et de sa mise en œuvre. Il souligne la nécessité de déplacer le débat de la légitimité de l’autorité hiérarchique des acteurs publics dans les réseaux collaboratifs aux modalités d’exercice légitimes et éthiques de la hiérarchie dans la collaboration. Il offre une étude empirique sur les transformations des paradigmes du management public via une méthodologie ethnographique originale. Il contribue à soutenir les praticiens souhaitant construire la collaboration en éclairant les représentations et attentes mutuelles des partenaires et en identifiant les conditions d’exercice légitimes de la hiérarchie à des fins collaboratives.

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Su, Fangli, Yin Zhang, and Zachary Immel. "Digital humanities research: interdisciplinary collaborations, themes and implications to library and information science." Journal of Documentation 77, no. 1 (September 3, 2020): 143–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jd-05-2020-0072.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the structure, patterns and themes of interdisciplinary collaborations in the digital humanities (DH) research through the application of social network analysis and visualization tools.Design/methodology/approachThe sample includes articles containing DH research in the Web of Science Core Collection as of December 2018. First, co-occurrence data representing collaborations among disciplinary were extracted from the subject category. Second, the descriptive statistics, network indicators and interdisciplinary communities were calculated. Third, the research topics of different interdisciplinary collaboration communities based on system keywords, author keywords, title and abstracts were detected.FindingsThe findings reveal that while the scope of disciplines involved in DH research is broad and evolving over time, most interdisciplinary collaborations are concentrated among several disciplines, including computer science, library and information science, linguistics and literature. The study further uncovers some communities based on closely collaborating disciplines and the evolving nature of such interdisciplinary collaboration communities over time. To better understand the close collaboration ties, the study traces and analyzes the research topics and themes of the interdisciplinary communities. Finally, the implications of the findings for DH research are discussed.Originality/valueThis study applied various informetric methods and tools to reveal the collaboration structure, patterns and themes among disciplinaries in DH research.

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Hu, Jiale, Yan Yang, Michael D. Fallacaro, Brenda Wands, Suzanne Wright, Yiyan Zhou, and Hong Ruan. "Building an International Partnership to Develop Advanced Practice Nurses in Anesthesia Settings: Using a Theory-Driven Approach." Journal of Transcultural Nursing 30, no. 5 (May 6, 2019): 521–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1043659619846248.

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The International Federation of Nurse Anesthetists is calling for international collaboration to develop advanced nursing practice in anesthesia settings globally. However, international collaboration is challenging. Limited information is available about what process and factors specifically lead to a successful international collaboration partnership. This article aimed to describe a theoretical and empirical base that can be used to build and maintain long-term international partnerships. The Theoretical Framework of Developing International Partnerships was developed, which comprises seven interrelated concepts including partnerships, collaborations, environment, structure, process for collaborating, outcomes, and sustainability. It was used to guide an equitable horizontal collaboration partnership to develop anesthesia nursing care in local culture and context. Five major challenges were identified during the collaboration process. Sixty-six strategies were developed to facilitate collaboration using the theoretical framework. This work can inform others in establishing an international collaboration and partnership in advancing nursing knowledge and culturally congruent health care delivery.

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Chen, X. L., A. Mahling, R. Riedel, and E. Mueller. "Typology of collaboration based on the collaboration structure." IFAC-PapersOnLine 48, no. 3 (2015): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2015.06.052.

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Дисертації з теми "Structure de collaboration"

Minto, Shawn. "Using emergent team structure to focus collaboration." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/32062.

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To build successful complex software systems, developers must collaborate with each other to solve issues. To facilitate this collaboration specialized tools are being integrated into development environments. Although these tools facilitate collaboration, they do not foster it. The problem is that the tools require the developers to maintain a list of other developers with whom they may wish to communicate. In any given situation, it is the developer who must determine who within this list has expertise for the specific situation. Unless the team is small and static, maintaining the knowledge about who is expert in particular parts of the system is difficult. As many organizations are beginning to use agile development and distributed software practices, which result in teams with dynamic membership, maintaining this knowledge is impossible. This thesis investigates whether emergent team structure can be used to support collaboration amongst software developers. The membership of an emergent team is determined from analysis of software artifacts. We first show that emergent teams exist within a particular open-source software project, the Eclipse integrated development environment. We then present a tool called Emergent Expertise Locator (EEL) that uses emergent team information to propose experts to a developer within their development environment as the developer works. We validated this approach to support collaboration by applying our approach to historical data gathered from the Eclipse project, Firefox and Bugzilla and comparing the results to an existing heuristic for recommending experts that produces a list of experts based on the revision history of individual files. We found that EEL produces, on average, results with higher precision and higher recall than the existing heuristic.
Science, Faculty of
Computer Science, Department of
Graduate

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Ozcan, Sercan. "The collaboration structure and systems of innovation in nanotechnology." Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2160/288acc96-ba51-47dc-8aab-b82cf8966ce5.

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This research aims to analyse inter-organisational collaboration activities and mechanisms in general and also those specific to the nanotechnology field with the purpose of identifying their effectiveness and efficiency in innovation processes. This research proposes and adapts two new frameworks to be used in its analyses and also in future studies. Following these frameworks, this study investigates the nanotechnology patent network to identify many important aspects of it, such as: key actors, network structures and national differences. Some of the research objectives are: 1) to examine the key determinants of collaborative innovation mechanisms that encourage or hinder organisations to involve themselves in collaborative innovation activities; 2) to discover how the collaboration mechanism impacts the innovation process in the nanotechnology field; and 3) to analyse what kind of collaboration mechanisms exist at different stages of the innovation process. This comprehensive study applies a mixed-method approach that combines both patent and interview data analyses, and draws upon an extensive data sample. The patent data covers almost fifty thousand patent documents that are well-optimised for this study, and the interview sample covers the key experts across different regions. The main contributions of this research are theoretical, empirical and practical as well as methodological contributions to the field. The results of patent data analyses identify many key issues in this field, such as collaboration activities for key organisations, nations' competitiveness and innovation networks in the nanotechnology field. The results of interview analyses present a comparative study on the collaboration structures across the UK, the US, Germany and China. In addition, this research provides case studies of where inter-organisational collaborations resulted in innovations to illustrate successful scenarios for the nanotechnology field. The analysis of the nanotechnology innovation networks demonstrates that the proposed network model is a useful means of differentiating types of network structures such as mono-linkages, central-linkages and distributed network. With regard to the various stages of collaboration, new funding systems are found to be a mechanism for encouraging organisations to work together from the initial stage of collaboration. To enhance the collaboration mechanism, nanotechnology centres appear to be an effective place to overcome difficulties related to the multi-disciplinarity of nanotechnology. The results show that large organisations are currently the key organizations for the commercialisation process, especially in the electronics industry where high investments are required. SMEs appear to be the key organisations at the incremental level of innovations, and are essential to the expansion and up-scaling of the number of collaborations within the innovation network. The findings of this study are not only applicable to the nanotechnology field; this study could be beneficial within a wider range of social domains (academia, industry, government, intermediaries, fund providers and policy makers) where active and potential organisations are involved in technological collaboration. Moreover, this study differentiates its findings across the selected regions to show national factors, making this study even more valuable.

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Baumgardt, Tor. "Community structure within scientific collaboration network at Uppsala university." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-230234.

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In this paper the community discovery algorithms created by Girvan-Newman and Rosvall-Bergstrom are used to find communities within a scientific collaboration network created from researchers from Uppsala university. The results are then compared with official department structures and previous research of collaboration at KTH. The results show that research across department boundaries are more common at Uppsala than at KTH. Differences in department structure is discussed as a potential cause.
I denna rapport används algoritmer för att identifiera grupp-struktur för att hitta grupper inom ett vetenskapligt samarbetsnätverk skapat från forskare från Uppsala universitet. Resultaten är sedan jämförda med officiella avdelningar samt tidigare forskning om samarbete på KTH. Resultaten visar att samarbete mellan olika avdelningar är vanligare på Uppsala universitet. Skillnader i avdelningsstruktur är diskuterade som en potentiell orsak.

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Sandford, Arava. "Proposition d’une méthode de conception et de gestion de structures collaboratives inter-filiales : Application à la création d’offres innovantes pour les territoires de demain." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, HESAM, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022HESAE030.

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De nos jours, les villes et territoires sont confrontés aux enjeux de la transition énergétique et écologique dû à la concentration croissante de la population dans les zones urbaines. Pour répondre à ces défis, le concept de smart city repose sur l’utilisation des technologies du numérique pour repenser l’aménagement urbain et optimiser son fonctionnement. La smart city trouve pleinement son potentiel dans l’interconnexion des différentes fonctions de la ville ; mobilité et transport, infrastructures et bâtiments, efficacité énergétique, gestion de l’eau et des déchets ou encore la sécurité par exemple. Par conséquent, les entreprises doivent collaborer et s’organiser sous forme de consortium pour proposer des offres complètes et clés en main de villes et territoires intelligents aux collectivités publiques.Pour les groupes d’entreprises diversifiés, le développement de synergies internes leur permettrait de proposer ces offres de manière plus optimale, grâce à la combinaison des ressources et compétences de leurs filiales opérant dans divers secteurs d’activités. Cependant la littérature manque d’outils et méthodes permettant d’accompagner les groupes d’entreprises dans la mise en place de telles synergies.Ainsi, l’objectif de ces travaux de thèse est d’aider les groupes d’entreprises à initier et gérer des collaborations internes pour développer des offres complètes et innovantes. Cet objectif permet de répondre à la problématique de recherche suivante : comment optimiser les collaborations inter-filiales dans un groupe d’entreprises diversifié ? En se basant sur les contributions existantes sur les collaborations multipartenaires, notre proposition de réponse à cette problématique porte sur la création de structures de collaborations inter-filiales.L’apport principal de cette thèse est la formalisation d’une méthode de conception et de gestion de structures de collaboration inter-filiales pour favoriser l’innovation au sein de groupes d’entreprises diversifiés : la méthode CROSS. Une démarche de recherche-action a été adoptée pour développer cette méthode structurée en 2 grandes phases : la création d’une structure de collaboration inter-filiales, permettant d’aligner les parties prenantes sur des objectifs communs, et la gestion de cette structure, pour piloter les différentes missions de la structure. Les apports de ces travaux de recherche sont démontrés au travers de deux implémentations de la méthode CROSS pour des projets industriels concrets au sein d’un groupe d’entreprises diversifié français
Nowadays, due to the densification of population in urban areas, cities and territories are facing energy and environmental challenges. The smart city concept aspires to meet these challenges, relying on the use of digital technologies to improve operations across the city. The smart city concept finds its full potential in the interconnexion and interactivity of urban operations and services: transportation system, utilities and buildings, waste, water and energy management and crime detection for example. Therefore, companies must collaborate, through alliances, to offer complete solutions to public authorities.For diversified business groups – which have multiple subsidiaries operating in various industrial sectors – a better way to offer complete solutions to public authorities would be to develop internal synergies to combine its subsidiaries’ resources and competencies. However, the literature lacks methods and tools to support business groups in the initiation of such synergies.Thus, the objective of this PhD thesis is to help business groups to initiate and manage internal collaborations for the development of complete and innovative solutions for nowadays’ urban challenges. More precisely, this thesis answers the following question: how to optimize cross-subsidiary collaboration in diversified business groups? Based on existing contributions on multi-partner collaborations, we focused our work on the creation of cross-subsidiary collaborative structures.The main contribution of this work is the formalization of a cross-subsidiary collaborative structure’s design and management method: the CROSS method. An action-research approach was used to develop this method, which is structured in two phases: the creation of a cross-subsidiary collaborative structure, through the alignment of the stakeholders on common goals, and the management of this structure. The contributions of this thesis are demonstrated through two experimentations of the CROSS method in a French diversified business group

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GUNNARSSON, JONATHAN, and MARCUS KJELLBERG. "Organized to digitize : A new perspective on collaboration and structure." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Inst.), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-237259.

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This master thesis was conducted at a large Swedish manufacturer, where the perception on and challenges regarding digital transformation were studied. Digital technology is a gateway to numerous possibilities, simplifying production, altering products and creating new value offers. This study is focused on commercial digitalization, such as digital services and solutions that challenge or strengthens existing business models. A manufacturing firm, accommodated with the development of physical products is not adapted for the speed, flexibility and cross-functional collaboration which digital development requires. Though, the digital business area for a manufacturing firm is somewhat unresolved, with limited knowledge and guidelines as well as uncertain profitability. Reallocating resources from existing business towards digital development can thus be risky. Evidently, development of digital initiatives within a manufacturing firm requires high pace, support, structures and clarified roadmaps. Synergies from cross-market collaboration are important, but it can also increase complexity and tardiness in a large organization. Based on findings from this study, a manufacturer should alter its organizational structure to benefit their digital transformation. Speed should be prioritized over collaboration and traditional development should increasingly focus on business and consumer contact rather than technology. A common back end function should be increasingly utilized, developing digital technology for the whole organization, to ensure unanimity and simplifying development of similar initiatives. Digital initiatives tightly connected to products or existing business models should be developed within the corresponding functions. Support and inspiration towards digital development should derive from a holistic function that can aid and guide the whole organization. This function should also be responsible for digital initiatives that differentiate from traditional business. Increasing experience and proactively develop digital solutions will be important to stay ahead of competition and fulfill customer demands.
Denna masteruppsats utfördes hos ett stort svenskt tillverkningsföretag, där uppfattning om och utmaningar kring digital transformation studerades. Digital teknik öppnar upp för otaliga möjligheter, förenklar produktion, förbättrar produkter och skapar nya värdeerbjudanden. Denna studie fokuserar på kommersiell digitalisering, så som komplementerande tjänster och lösningar som utmanar eller stärker existerande affärsmodeller. En produkttillverkare, van vid utvecklingen av fysiska produkter är inte anpassad till den snabbhet, flexibilitet och det samarbete mellan affärsfunktioner som digital utveckling behöver. Det digitala marknadsområdet är dessutom osäkert, med begränsningar i erfarenhet, riktlinjer och osäker lönsamhet. Omdisponering av resurser från existerande affärsverksamhet kan därför vara farligt. Bevisligen behöver digital utveckling inom ett tillverkande företag snabbhet, stöd, strukturering och tydliga mål. Synergier från samarbete mellan kundgrupper i en organisation är viktigt, men kan också öka komplexitet och tröghet i ett stort företag. Baserat på studiens resultat bör ett tillverkningsföretag anpassa sin organisationsstruktur till fördel för digital transformation. Snabbhet bör prioriteras framför marknads-överskridande samarbete och mer traditionella instanser borde öka fokus på utveckling av affärsmodeller och kundrelationer. En gemensam back end instans borde användas i större grad genom att utveckla digital teknologi för hela organisationen. Detta skulle skapa enighet, minska duplicering och förenkla utvecklingen av likartade projekt. Digitala initiativ som är kopplade till fysiska produkter eller nuvarande affärsmodell borde utvecklas tillsammans med dessa. Stöd och inspiration för digital utveckling borde komma från en holistisk instans som kan stötta och ledsaga hela organisationen. Denna instans bör även vara ansvarig för att utveckla mer radikala digitala initiativ. Att öka erfarenhet och att proaktivt arbeta för digital utveckling kommer vara mycket viktigt för att motstå konkurrens och uppfylla kundkrav.

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Morse, Ricardo Stuart. "Community Learning: Process, Structure, and Renewal." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27472.

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Community renewal is a dominant theme in American society today. It has been said that public administration could and should be a leader in the community renewal movement, yet for the most part the field of public administration fails to â getâ community. This study advances and explores a concept of community learning as part of a broader effort to better understand what a community perspective means for public administration theory and practice. The contributions of this study are two-fold. First, a concept of community learning is drawn from a variety of literature streams that share an ethos of collaborative pragmatism. Community learning occurs when the knowledge created in the integrative â community processâ is fed-forward and embedded at the level of community structure. Furthermore, a â learning communityâ is found where the community learning process is institutionalized at the level of community structure. While community learning is a term being used to some degree in the field of community development, a concept of how communities might learn has yet to be offered. Thus, the conceptualization offered here seeks to fill this gap in the literature. This study also explores the community learning concept empirically in the context of an action research project in Wytheville, Virginia. Here participants worked with a Virginia Tech research team to better understand their community and develop a unified â visionâ for the communityâ s future. The study revealed that the collective or collaborative learning of the â community processâ can occur over time and also in the form of punctuated group â a-haâ moments. In either case, the learning process is one where new knowledge is created in the form of new or altered shared meaning or new ideas. This learning was fed-forward to the community level to become community learning in three ways: 1) as the learning took place in the community field, meaning the participants of the learning process represented the different institutions that make up community structure; 2) through the integrative medium of local media outlets; and 3) through formal and informal processes of knowledge transfer from the group to community level, where the community level was represented by a citizens committee. As communities institutionalize learning processes they can be said to be â learning communities.â Evidence from the Wytheville study provides insights into how this might happen. The implications for the practice of a â new public serviceâ are explored as well as future areas of research relevant to the community learning approach. The study concludes by suggesting what a community perspective for public administration might mean as community learning is a concept based in this perspective.
Ph. D.

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Donato, Ridgley Israel Louis. "Decoding team performance in a self-organizing collaboration network using community structure." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018.

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This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Thesis: M. Eng., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2018
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 55-57).
When assembling a team, it is imperative to assess the ability of the team to perform the task in question and to compare the performance of potential teams. In this thesis, I investigate the predictive power of different community detection methods in determining team performance in the self-organizing Kaggle platform and find that my methodology can achieve an average accuracy of 57% when predicting the result of a competition while using no performance information to identify communities. First, I motivate our interest in team performance and why a network setting is useful, as well as present the Kaggle platform as a collaboration network of users on teams participating in competitions. Next, in order to identify communities, I applied a selection of techniques to project the Kaggle network onto a team network and applied both spectral methods and DBSCAN to identify communities of teams while remaining ignorant of their performances. Finally, I generated cross-cluster performance distributions, evaluated the significance of communities found, and calculated a predictor statistic. Using holdout validation, I test and compare the merits of the different community detection methods and find that the Cosine Similarity in conjunction with spectral methods yields the best performance and provides an average accuracy of 57% when predicting the pairwise results of a competition.
by Israel Louis Donato Ridgley.
M. Eng.
M.Eng. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science

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Åman, Agnes, and Hanna Nyblom. "Measuring the extent of interdisciplinary research and creating a collaboration group structure at KTH." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-186442.

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With interdisciplinary research being a possibility in modern research environ- ments, it is interesting to optimise collaborations between researchers in order to further develop the research environment. The scope of this thesis was therefore to develop a method to measure how widespread the interdisciplinary research is and to propose collaboration groups of researchers created by the use of graph theory. This problem was approached by studying the research at KTH by col- lecting research publications from the publication database DiVA using a web crawler. Then representing the authors of the publications as nodes and the collaborations between two authors as edges in a graph. A graph partitioning algorithm developed by Flake et al. was chosen after a literature study, then applied to the graph to produce the requested collaboration groups. The results showed that while interdisciplinary research is not the norm at KTH, 23% of the proposed collaboration groups consisted of two or more researchers from different schools at KTH. The original ratio of school associ- ation was retained through the partitioning of the graph. A measurement of collaboration per researcher in each collaboration group was suggested and the calculated values of these measurements was found to be largely in the same range, with the exception of one collaboration group. The results also high- lighted some inconsistencies in DiVA. The conclusions were that interdisciplinary research was not very widespread at KTH, however 77 groups were suggested which could be of use for researchers at KTH from now on and in the future. A conclusion was also that this method for finding suitable collaboration groups could be applied at other universities where perhaps interdisciplinary research is more frequent.

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Butcher, Juliette. "Industry-academia research collaboration : characterising structure, process & attitudes in support of best practice." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2005. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/4677.

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Industry-academia collaborative research has become a subject of increasing interest in recent years to academics, industrialists and policymakers due to greater awareness of the importance of such links for innovation and the knowledge-based economy. However, such collaborations are not always successful for reasons which are poorly researched. The main objective of this thesis is to identify the main factors that impede or enhance successful research collaboration. The research agenda is guided by a review of the current literature which indicates that the effectiveness of industry-academia collaborative research depends to some extent on the following factors: (i) the motivations/objectives for collaborative research, (ii) the modes of communication between collaborative partners, and (iii) the management of the collaborative process. The influence of each of these three factors on collaboration effectiveness is investigated using a conceptual model and two pieces of complementary fieldwork. The conceptual model illustrates the relationship between the three factors and the structure of collaboration, the collaborative process and the attitudes of collaborative participants. The fieldwork activities, which provide data on individual perceptions of industry-academia collaborative research experience, comprise an interview survey of collaborative research facilitators, and a questionnaire survey of students working on projects jointly supervised by academics and industrialists. Findings from these two activities are analysed in terms of their contribution to the existing literature on industry-academia collaboration and their conformity with the conceptual model. The perspectives of the research facilitators are also directly compared with those of the students. The results support current awareness in the literature that industry-academia collaborations are difficult to analyse and manage because of their diverse structures, their dynamic nature and the variety of factors that influence their effectiveness. Whilst the research findings do provide some indication of why collaborations succeed or fail and how they can best be managed, the fact that no two collaborations are the same in terms of motivations, objectives, structure, process, outcomes, type of participants, etc., precludes prescriptive generalisations. Suggestions for best practice include adopting an adaptable management structure and using a 'relationship management' approach for long term collaborative relationships.

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Boland, Brodie James. "Generative Disruption: The Subversive Effects of Collaboration." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1386265167.

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Книги з теми "Structure de collaboration"

G, Zucker Lynne, and National Bureau of Economic Research., eds. Collaboration structure and information dilemmas in biotechnology: Organizational boundaries as trust production. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1995.

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Elizabeth, Lorentz, ed. Crossing boundaries: Collaboration, coordination, and the redefinition of resources. San Francisco, Calif: Jossey-Bass Inc., 1998.

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Jonkman, J. M. Offshore code comparison collaboration continuation (OC4), phase 1: Results of coupled simulations of an offshore wind turbine with jacket support structure : preprint. Golden, Colo.]: National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 2012.

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Campbell, James M. (James Mann), 1840-1926, ed. The teachings of the books, or, The literary structure and spiritual interpretation of the books of the New Testament: A work of collaboration. 2nd ed. Chicago: Fleming H. Revell, 1985.

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Davis, Lloyd. Collaborative senior management within a school structure. London: PEL, 1990.

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Nastos, Dimitrios. A structured environment for collaborative writing. Ottawa: National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1993.

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Nastos, Dimitrios. A structured environment for collaborative writing. Toronto: University of Toronto, Dept. of Computer Science, 1992.

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Parent-school collaboration: Feminist organizational structures and school leadership. Albany, N.Y: State University of New York Press, 1996.

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Wang, Tingjin. An investigation on Web-based collaborative product structure management. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 2002.

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Sriram, M. S. Microfinance and the state: Exploring areas and structures of collaboration. Ahmedabad: Indian Institute of Management, 2004.

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Частини книг з теми "Structure de collaboration"

Marheineke, Marc. "Research Structure." In Designing Boundary Objects for Virtual Collaboration, 27–33. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-15386-1_4.

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Song, Seokwoo, and Seong-Hoon Choi. "Modeling Dynamic Organizational Network Structure." In Reshaping Society through Analytics, Collaboration, and Decision Support, 191–203. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11575-7_13.

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Zamiri, Majid, and Luis M. Camarinha-Matos. "Organizational Structure for Mass Collaboration and Learning." In IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, 14–23. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-17771-3_2.

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Beulen, Erik, and Marla A. Dans. "Partnering in ecosystems1 – How to structure collaboration?" In Data Analytics and Digital Transformation, 164–89. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003246770-17.

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Schottenloher, Martin. "Data Re-presentation as a First Step Towards a Unified IT-Structure." In Challenges Between Competition and Collaboration, 203–6. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-05195-5_23.

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Philipp, Tobias. "Newman (2001): The Structure of Scientific Collaboration Networks." In Schlüsselwerke der Netzwerkforschung, 441–43. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-21742-6_103.

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Cooley, Heidi Rae. "The Time and Structure of Cross-College Collaboration." In Applied Media Studies, 159–77. New York: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315473857-11.

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Junker, Christian, Zaenal Akbar, and Martí Cuquet. "The Network Structure of Visited Locations According to Geotagged Social Media Photos." In Collaboration in a Data-Rich World, 276–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65151-4_26.

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Porter, David, and Kirk Perris. "Institutional Partnerships and Collaborations in Online Learning." In Handbook of Open, Distance and Digital Education, 1–20. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0351-9_32-1.

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AbstractGlobally, partnerships and collaborations are increasingly common in postsecondary education. The advent of networked technologies has intensified bilateral and multilateral engagements, and in the context of learning, it reveals there are a variety of partnership and collaboration “types” that can form. This chapter presents three examples of partnership and collaboration types drawn from the academic and business literature. Four case studies of partnerships and collaborations are then presented, and the aforementioned types are applied as a best fit to a given case study. The exercise illustrates how partnerships and collaborations in postsecondary education may develop and evolve, and how they can be sustained. The partnership and collaboration types offer some structure to better understand how institutions may approach and derive benefit from engagement with other institutions centered on achieving the objectives of access, quality, and innovation, espoused by proponents of online learning.

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Porter, David, and Kirk Perris. "Institutional Partnerships and Collaborations in Online Learning." In Handbook of Open, Distance and Digital Education, 585–604. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2080-6_32.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Structure de collaboration"

Chen, Li, Tingjin Wang, and Zhijie Song. "A Web-Based Product Structure Manager to Support Collaborative Assembly Modeling." In ASME 2003 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2003/cie-48265.

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Collaborative CAD systems enabling collaboration in CAD among distributed designers are gaining more and more attention. Yet, such systems, especially in support of collaborative assembly modeling, are hardly achievable. In an effort to bridge this gap, we are dedicated to developing a collaborative CAD system with aim at 3D assembly modeling. As part of this effort, this paper addresses one function module of the system, a Web-based Product Structure Manager, that enables Collaborative Product Structure Management (CPSM) in collaborative assembly modeling. In particular, CPSM facilitates product data sharing among distributed designers and supports collaboration in product structure creation and modification. A bench clamp assembly is used as an example for the illustration of the Product Structure Manager in support of collaborative assembly modeling.

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Mahdavi, Ardeshir, Paul Mathew, Stephen Lee, Rohini Brahme, Satish Kumar, Guanghua Liu, Robert Ries, and Nyuk Hien Wong. "On the Structure and Elements of SEMPER." In ACADIA 1996: Design Computation: Collaboration, Reasoning, Pedagogy. ACADIA, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.1996.071.

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Worrell, Benjamin, Catharine Brand, and Alexander Repenning. "Collaboration and Computational Thinking: A classroom structure." In 2015 IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing (VL/HCC). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/vlhcc.2015.7357215.

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Brandes, Ulrik, Patrick Kenis, Jürgen Lerner, and Denise van Raaij. "Network analysis of collaboration structure in Wikipedia." In the 18th international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1526709.1526808.

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Buford, John, and Venkatesh Krishnaswamy. "Semantic Structure in a Federated Collaboration Environment." In 8th IEEE International Conference on Collaborative Computing: Networking, Applications and Worksharing. IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/icst.collaboratecom.2012.250456.

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A Banks, David. "Collaborative Learning as a Vehicle for Learning about Collaboration." In 2003 Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/2675.

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This paper explores the development and delivery of a Masters course titled ‘Collaboration and E-Commerce’. The course examines a variety of issues relating to E-Commerce with the major focus being upon collaborative aspects of web-related business activities. The aim of the course is to lead students to engage in actual collaborative processes and so to provide them with practical experience to support the theoretical aspects of the subject. The paper outlines the issues behind the design of the learning structure that was used to promote both intra-group and inter-group collaborative action. Although the course is currently run in face-to-face mode with no web support it had to be designed in such a way that the learning structures and processes would translate to a web-enabled form for future operation.

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Lerner, Juergen, and Alessandro Lomi. "The Network Structure of Successful Collaboration in Wikipedia." In Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24251/hicss.2019.316.

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Chen, X. L., A. Mahling, R. Riedel, and E. Mueller. "Organizational structure and the dynamics of collaboration relationship." In 2015 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management (IEEM). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ieem.2015.7385689.

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Glazov, Alexander. "Measurement of the Structure FunctionFLby the H1 collaboration." In Proceedings of the XVII International Workshop on Deep-Inelastic Scattering and Related Topics. Amsterdam: Science Wise Publishing, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3360/dis.2009.8.

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Manukyan, Narine, Margaret J. Eppstein, and Jeffrey D. Horbar. "Team structure and quality improvement in collaborative environments." In 2013 International Conference on Collaboration Technologies and Systems (CTS). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cts.2013.6567282.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Structure de collaboration"

Zucker, Lynne, Michael Darby, Marilynn Brewer, and Yusheng Peng. Collaboration Structure and Information Dilemmas in Biotechnology: Organizational Boundaries as Trust Production. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, July 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w5199.

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Schneider, Ben Ross. Institutions for Effective Business-Government Collaboration: Micro Mechanisms and Macro Politics in Latin America. Inter-American Development Bank, October 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011517.

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What makes for effective cooperation between government and business in industrial policy? Core research questions on the institutional design of arrangements for business-government interactions focus on three main functions: i) maximizing the benefits of dialogue and information exchange; ii) motivating participation through authoritative allocation; and iii) minimizing unproductive rent seeking. Countries with more experiences of public-private collaboration (PPC) tend to have more pragmatic governments and better organized and informally networked private sectors. Effective cooperation also depends on the macro context, in particular the nature of the political system and the alternative avenues it provides for business politicking, especially through parties, networks and appointments, the media, and campaign finance. Lastly, the structure and strategies of big domestic businesses -mostly diversified, family-owned business groups- affects their preferences and interest in collaborating in industrial policy.

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Shyshkina, Mariya P., and Maiia V. Marienko. Augmented reality as a tool for open science platform by research collaboration in virtual teams. [б. в.], February 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3755.

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The provision of open science is defined as a general policy aimed at overcoming the barriers that hinder the implementation of the European Research Area (ERA). An open science foundation seeks to capture all the elements needed for the functioning of ERA: research data, scientific instruments, ICT services (connections, calculations, platforms, and specific studies such as portals). Managing shared resources for the community of scholars maximizes the benefits to society. In the field of digital infrastructure, this has already demonstrated great benefits. It is expected that applying this principle to an open science process will improve management by funding organizations in collaboration with stakeholders through mechanisms such as public consultation. This will increase the perception of joint ownership of the infrastructure. It will also create clear and non-discriminatory access rules, along with a sense of joint ownership that stimulates a higher level of participation, collaboration and social reciprocity. The article deals with the concept of open science. The concept of the European cloud of open science and its structure are presented. According to the study, it has been shown that the structure of the cloud of open science includes an augmented reality as an open-science platform. An example of the practical application of this tool is the general description of MaxWhere, developed by Hungarian scientists, and is a platform of aggregates of individual 3D spaces.

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Lloyd, Cynthia B. Fertility, Family Size, and Structure: Consequences for Families and Children. Population Council, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy1993.1000.

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In 1989 the Population Council began a research project on the consequences of high fertility at the family level and its implications for the next generation. Since its inception, the project has been supported by Swedish SIDA and has involved the collaboration of researchers from selected developing countries. In countries where there has been limited research on this topic, such as India, Mali, Nigeria, Pakistan, and Senegal, the Population Council provided funding for new studies or for analysis of existing data with the potential for producing insights on this topic. In instances where relevant research was already underway, the Council provided informal support through membership in the research network, which has held several meetings since the initiation of the project. The seminar held on June 9-10, 1992, was intended to convene these researchers to present and discuss the results of their research. The two-day meeting brought together 29 experts to discuss the 14 papers printed in these proceedings.

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Hoke, Kelly, and Julie Risien. Grounding Institutional Partnerships in Structures for Broader Impact Design: Summative Evaluation Report. Oregon State University, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5399/osu/1151.

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This report presents summative evaluation results for a National Science Foundation funded project entitled Grounding Institutional Partnerships in Structures for Broader Impacts Design (BID). The project represents a collaboration between five institutions: Institute for Learning Innovation, The STEM Research Center at Oregon State University, Scicenter, University of Washington-Bothell, and University of Wisconsin-Madison. BID aimed at creating an inter-institutional structure and toolkit to assist higher education institutions (HEIs) and informal science education organizations (ISEs) in developing sustainable institutional partnerships through collaboration around the design of informal STEM education-based Broader Impacts (BI) experiences. The project built upon the Portal to the Public (PoP) framework, bringing together research support professionals, STEM education professionals and Principal Investigators at HEIs with practitioners at ISEs (i.e., BID partners) to enhance BI experiences for the public by leveraging human resources through intentional coordination and partnerships. This report addresses the impact of this collective work, serves as a record of the project, and as a resource for future partnerships that support BI.

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Williams, Sarah. Silos and Systems. Auckland University of Technology, November 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/10292/16947.

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Executive Summary Education and health are interrelated. Education is positively associated with health behaviours, life expectancy, and morbidity and is an established social determinant of health. However, for learning to occur, children must be healthy, ready, and able. All too frequently, ill-health compromises learning and school attendance, leading to long-term negative consequences throughout life. Positioning health services alongside schools, and upholding collaborative intersectoral working, has positively impacted education and health outcomes for children and young people internationally. In New Zealand, however, the education and health sectors work in silo with no formal directive to do otherwise. Achieving and maintaining inter-sectoral collaboration is therefore challenging, piecemeal, and time-consuming. It is further complicated by system structure, competing priorities, and differing perspectives of the two sectors and those working within them. This multicase study of three urban primary schools explored the relationship between school staff and health services and the influences on this relationship. The study focused on the experiences and perspectives of participant principals, teachers, teacher aides, administrative staff, and Special Educational Needs Co-ordinators (SENCO) working with health services. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, observations, and reviews of staff professional development and other related learning opportunities. The findings highlighted the uncoordinated working relationship between the health and education sectors in New Zealand and the current barriers to achieving workable, inter-sectoral collaboration. This study has confirmed the need for better inter-sector alignment while acknowledging the interdependence of both sectors. Collaborative inter-sectoral work between education and health is critical. The findings from this study recommend developing and implementing a national policy enabling these sectors to work together to achieve optimal education and health outcomes for children and young people in New Zealand.

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Edwards, M., M. Rahman, M. Wehner, H. Ryu, N. Corby, T. Allen, D. Clark, et al. Earthquake Impact and Risk Assessment for Perth and Supporting Infrastructure (EIRAPSI): final report on the backgrounds, collaboration structure, methods, and findings from the EIRAPSI project. Geoscience Australia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.11636/record.2021.015.

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Hartmann, Nuria, Valentina Pradelli, Juan Sebastián Márquez, Christiaan Gischler, Eric Fernando Boeck Daza, and Paola Galeano. Guide for the Implementation of a Hydrogen Certification System in Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0005315.

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This report presents a framework for a voluntary hydrogen certification system in Latin America and the Caribbean, focusing on clean and low-carbon hydrogen. It advocates for regional collaboration to avoid redundant efforts and harmonize standards, emphasizing environmental and social sustainability. The proposed system includes two certification categories tailored to local and European Union market requirements. Key aspects include diverse energy source incorporation, a Chain of Custody system for traceability, and a governance structure combining regional and national elements. The action plan outlines steps for system implementation, governance establishment, and funding strategies.

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Gutnick, David, and David L. Coplin. Role of Exopolysaccharides in the Survival and Pathogenesis of the Fire Blight Bacterium, Erwinia amylovora. United States Department of Agriculture, September 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7568788.bard.

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Fireblight, a disease of apples and pears, is caused by Erwinia amylovora. Mutants of E. amylovora that do not produce the extreacellular polysaccharide (EPS), amylovoran, are avirulent. A similar EPS, stewartan, is produced by E. stewartii, which caused Stewart's wilt of corn, and which has also been implicated in the virulence of this strain. Both stewartan and amylovoran are type 1 capsular polysaccharides, typified by the colanic acid slime produced by Escherichia coli. Extracellular polysaccharide slime and capsules are important for the virulence of bacterial pathogens of plants and animals and to enhance their survival and dissemination outside of the host. The goals of this project were to examine the importance of polysaccharide structure on the pathogenicity and survival properties of three pathogenic bacteria: Erwinia amylovora, Erwinia stewartii and Escherichia coli. The project was a collaboration between the laboratories of Dr. Gutnick (PI, E. coli genetics and biochemistry), Dr. Coplin (co-PI, E. stewartii genetics) and Dr. Geider (unfunded collaborator, E. amylovora genetics and EPS analysis). Structural analysis of the EPSs, sequence analysis of the biosynthetic gene clusters and site-directed mutagenesis of individual cps and ams genes revealed that the three gene clusters shared common features for polysaccharide polymerization, translocation, and precursor synthesis as well as in the modes of transcriptional regulation. Early EPS production resulted in decreased virulence, indicating that EPS, although required for pathogenicity, is anot always advantageous and pathogens must regulate its production carefully.

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Potter, Ross, and Gali Halevi. Insights: Climate change collaboration. Clarivate, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14322/isi.insight.2.

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