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Статті в журналах з теми "Structural-typological features of languages"
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Seifart, Frank. "Does Structural-Typological Similarity Affect Borrowability?" Language Dynamics and Change 5, no. 1 (2015): 92–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22105832-00501004.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study addresses the question whether the borrowability of linguistic forms, in particular affixes, is constrained by structural properties of the donor and recipient languages involved. According to some claims, structural similarity favors affix borrowing. On some accounts, structural compatibility of a certain kind is even a precondition for affix borrowing. This study tests these claims using data from a set of 78 languages that borrowed between one and 50 affixes, taken from the AfBo database (Seifart, 2013a). The extent of affix borrowing in this set of languages is compared with structural similarity scores for the donor and recipient languages involved, obtained from morphosyntactic features provided in the World Atlas of Language Structures (Dryer and Haspelmath, 2011). Results suggest that structural similarity between a (potential) donor and recipient language plays at best a minor role in determining the extent of affix borrowing. This supports the view that bilingual speakers are not—at least not strongly—constrained by structural factors of the languages they speak when creating mixed varieties of these languages, resulting in contact-induced language change.
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Mallaeva, Zulaikhat Magomedovna. "STRUCTURAL AND TYPOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE AVAR LANGUAGE SENTENCE." Herald of the G. Tsadasa Institute of Language, Literature and Art, no. 27 (September 22, 2021): 6–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31029/vestiyali27/1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article examines the relationship between the semantics of a sentence and its grammatical structure. The complexity of the research is due to the following factors: 1) the lack of own research methods for the grammat-ical structure of the sentence; 2) the absence of more or less fully explicated concepts and terms for the study of the semantics of the sentence. In the Dagestan languages of the ergative typology, such structural types of sentences are presented, which differ both in terms of content and in terms of grammatical design of this content. The peculiarities of the syntactic structure of the language of the Dagestan languages cannot be investigated without establishing the regular connections that exist between the structural types of the sentence and the logical content of the sentence, on the one hand, and between the semantics of the sentence and a special grammatical form of representation of this content, on the other hand.
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Salokhiddinov, Manuchehr, and Oybek Rabimov. "Comparative analysis of language typology and its tasks." Общество и инновации 2, no. 12/S (February 5, 2022): 319–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.47689/2181-1415-vol2-iss12/s-pp319-322.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Comparative language typology is part of the general typology of linguistics. She studies systems of two or more languages, certain categories of languages in a deductive way (from external to internal). Comparative linguistic typology, as the concept itself shows, is a linguistic subject of typology based on the method of comparison. Comparative typology can equally consider only dominant or common features, as well as only distinctive features that occur in languages of the same structural type (synthetic, analytical, agglutinative, etc.) or in languages of different structural types (synthetic and analytical, agglutinative and incorporated, etc.). The classification of the main essential features of languages, and their most important characteristics and patterns, are the subject of comparative linguistic typology. The task of comparative linguistic typology is to create general typological rules and concepts by comparing linguistic phenomena of different languages. Classification of the main essential features of languages, the most important characteristics and regularities are the subject of comparative typology. The task of Comparative Typology is to create General typological rules and conceptions by comparing linguistic phenomena of various languages.
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Ponti, Edoardo Maria, Helen O’Horan, Yevgeni Berzak, Ivan Vulić, Roi Reichart, Thierry Poibeau, Ekaterina Shutova, and Anna Korhonen. "Modeling Language Variation and Universals: A Survey on Typological Linguistics for Natural Language Processing." Computational Linguistics 45, no. 3 (September 2019): 559–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/coli_a_00357.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Linguistic typology aims to capture structural and semantic variation across the world’s languages. A large-scale typology could provide excellent guidance for multilingual Natural Language Processing (NLP), particularly for languages that suffer from the lack of human labeled resources. We present an extensive literature survey on the use of typological information in the development of NLP techniques. Our survey demonstrates that to date, the use of information in existing typological databases has resulted in consistent but modest improvements in system performance. We show that this is due to both intrinsic limitations of databases (in terms of coverage and feature granularity) and under-utilization of the typological features included in them. We advocate for a new approach that adapts the broad and discrete nature of typological categories to the contextual and continuous nature of machine learning algorithms used in contemporary NLP. In particular, we suggest that such an approach could be facilitated by recent developments in data-driven induction of typological knowledge.
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Park, Hyunji Hayley, Katherine J. Zhang, Coleman Haley, Kenneth Steimel, Han Liu, and Lane Schwartz. "Morphology Matters: A Multilingual Language Modeling Analysis." Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics 9 (March 17, 2021): 261–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/tacl_a_00365.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Prior studies in multilingual language modeling (e.g., Cotterell et al., 2018; Mielke et al., 2019) disagree on whether or not inflectional morphology makes languages harder to model. We attempt to resolve the disagreement and extend those studies. We compile a larger corpus of 145 Bible translations in 92 languages and a larger number of typological features.1 We fill in missing typological data for several languages and consider corpus-based measures of morphological complexity in addition to expert-produced typological features. We find that several morphological measures are significantly associated with higher surprisal when LSTM models are trained with BPE-segmented data. We also investigate linguistically motivated subword segmentation strategies like Morfessor and Finite-State Transducers (FSTs) and find that these segmentation strategies yield better performance and reduce the impact of a language’s morphology on language modeling.
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Donahue, Mark. "A typological investigation of Nepalese languages." Gipan 4 (December 31, 2019): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/gipan.v4i0.35454.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The languages of Nepal are established as belonging to four families, with the recent addition of Austroasiatic speakers in the east. This paper moves away from language classification into genealogical families, and examines the classification of the languages of Nepal by examining their morphosyntactic features and applying computational methods.
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Grant, Anthony P., and Diana Guillemin. "The complex of creole typological features." Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 27, no. 1 (February 28, 2012): 48–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.27.1.02gra.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper presents morphosyntactic and sentential information on Mauritian Creole (MC), a French-lexifier creole which has been underrepresented in many studies of Creole morphosyntactic typology. Typological features from Holm & Patrick (2007), Bickerton (1981, 1984), Taylor (1971, 1977), Markey (1982), and Dryer (1992), most of which have previously been assembled as being diagnostic of a language’s creole status, are presented here with examples from contemporary MC. MC sentences from sets of comparative creolistic sentences in Hancock (1975, 1987) are presented in Appendix A. The material demonstrates abundantly that MC exhibits the vast majority of features which have been deemed typical of creole languages over the past four decades.
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Abdullabekova, Umsalimat Bagautdinovna. "Structural-typological description of beekeeping terms in the Kumyk, Russian and English languages." Филология: научные исследования, no. 5 (May 2021): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0749.2021.5.35345.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The subject of this research is the word-forming structure of beekeeping terms in the Kumyk, Russian and English languages. The article describes the distinctive features of terminological word formation in the area of “beekeeping” in the aforementioned languages. For determining the type of word formation, the author uses the number and composition of the components. The similarities in common literary and terminological word formation are identified. It is demonstrated that in the corresponding terminology of the Kumyk language prevail the terminological phrases. The prevalence of phrases in the languages under reviews is explained by the fact that the term not only denotes the concept, but to a certain extent reflects to its content. This requires the creation of mainly terms-phrases that can reflect the characteristics of the concept to the fullest. On the other hand, the growing number of terminological phrases in the Kumyk language indicates that beekeeping terms in the Kumyk language are translated from the Russian language, therefore part of the terms first appear as a result of clarification of their meaning. Whole terms comprise approximately 30% of all terms of the corpus. These terms are naturally included in the terminological phrases as the nuclear words and defining in the terminological phrases. In beekeeping terminology of tge Kumyk and English languages, prevail N/R + N/R models, which the authors believe is a reflection of common literary word formation.
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Chilingaryan, Kamo Pavelovich. "Fusional and agglutinative features in declension system in the Russian and Armenian languages (a diachronic aspect)." Litera, no. 6 (June 2021): 116–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8698.2021.6.35737.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The subject of this research is the typological characteristics of declension system in the Russian and Armenian languages and their diachronic changes. The author compares the modern Armenian and Grabar (classical Armenian) language, as well as Old East Slavic and modern Russian language. The goal of this article is to determine typological peculiarities of grammatical case systems of the Russian and Armenian languages in their current state, taking into account the vectors of evolutionary development of these systems in the history of the two languages. Research methodology leans on the traditional concepts of morphological typology and systemic analysis of language types proposed by G. P. Melnikov. It is established that unlike the Russian language, the Armenian declension system contains certain agglutinative and analytical features. Emphasis is placed on the detailed analysis of these phenomena and explanation of their consistent nature. The acquired results are valuable for typological description of the Russian and Armenian languages, as well as for teaching these languages to non-native speakers. The presented materials broaden scientific representations on multifacetedness of development of fusional declension on the example of two quite different languages within the same language family.
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DWIVEDI, Amitabh Vikram. "Bhadarwahi: A Typological Sketch." Acta Linguistica Asiatica 5, no. 1 (June 30, 2015): 125–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/ala.5.1.125-148.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper is a summary of some phonological and morphosyntactice features of the Bhadarwahi language of Indo-Aryan family. Bhadarwahi is a lesser known and less documented language spoken in district of Doda of Jammu region of Jammu and Kashmir State in India. Typologically it is a subject dominant language with an SOV word order (SV if without object) and its verb agrees with a noun phrase which is not followed by an overt post-position. These noun phrases can move freely in the sentence without changing the meaning of the sentence. The indirect object generally precedes the direct object. Aspiration, like any other Indo-Aryan languages, is a prominent feature of Bhadarwahi. Nasalization is a distinctive feature, and vowel and consonant contrasts are commonly observed. Infinitive and participle forms are formed by suffixation while infixation is also found in causative formation. Tense is carried by auxiliary and aspect and mood is marked by the main verb.
Дисертації з теми "Structural-typological features of languages"
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Arsenec, Nicole. "Etude contrastive des créoles de la Jamaïque et de la Martinique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM3079/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Motivée par Mervyn ALLEYNE (1980) qui met en évidence certaines spécificités des langues afro-américaines à bases lexicales différentes (verbes sériels, clivage du prédicat, TMA…), cette étude contrastive adopte une perspective synchronique d’un point de vue fonctionnel et structural afin d’établir les caractéristiques communes et les traits distinctifs des langues créoles de la Jamaïque (JC) et de la Martinique (CM) au-delà de leurs bases lexicales anglaise (CBLA) et française (CBLF). Les spécificités dégagées en JC & CM ne fonctionnent ni en anglais, ni en français, mais dans des créoles de part et d’autre de l’Atlantique quelle que soit leur base lexicale (CBLE, CBLP, CBLH). Elles se trouvent également dans certaines langues africaines du substrat. Selon la méthode comparative élaborée par OBENGA (1993) pour définir une famille de langues, la comparaison aborde les domaines phonétique, phonologique, syllabique, morphologique, syntaxique et sémantique afin d’évaluer des similitudes structurelles en JC & CM. Cette étude permet de conclure qu’il s’agit d’une nouvelle famille de langues pour lesquelles les langues européennes s’avèrent déterminantes au niveau lexical, les langues africaines étant essentielles au niveau des structures phonologique, prosodique, syllabique, sémantique et morphosyntaxiqueThis contrastive approach was impulsed by Mervyn ALLEYNE (1980) who pointed out, « Some Similarities of Afro-American » regardless of lexifier, like serial verbs, topicalization, TMA verbal system…In a synchronic perspective, the purpose of this research is to estabish structural and functional similarities between Jamaican Creole (JC) based on English lexicon (CBEL) and Martinican Creole (CM) based on French lexicon (CBFL) in order to identify distinctive features of Creole Languages.After a survey of the linguistic fields according to the method to determine a family of languages of Theophile OBENGA (1993), it becomes obvious that these specific structures are more than similar in these two Afro-American languages.Opposed to flexional languages like English and French, widely spread in West African languages, these characteristics are functioning in Creole Languages on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean, and can be considered as distinctive features. In this new family of languages, European languages are decisive at a lexical level, while African languages are essential for phonemic, prosodic, syllabic, semantic and morphosyntactic structures
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Howe, Lewis Chadwick. "Cross-dialectal features of the Spanish present perfect a typological analysis of form and function /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1154122894.
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Sunčica, Poček. "Specifičnosti antropološkog statusa mladih odbojkašica Vojvodine." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja u Novom Sadu, 2015. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=95381&source=NDLTD&language=en.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Na uzorku od 358 devojčica sa teritorije Vojvodine, uzrasta od 11,50 – 16 decimalnih godina, od kojih 186 odbojkašica (najmanje tri godine u trenažnom procesu),i 172 devojčice koje se ne bave organizovanom fizičkom aktivnošću, sprovedeno je istraživanje morfoloških karakteristika, motoričkih i intelektualnih sposobnosti. Cilj istraživanja je bio da se utvrde specifičnosti mladih odbojkašica u odnosu na devojčice koje se ne bave organizovanom fizičkom aktivnošću, testiranjem kako kvantitativnih, tako i razlika u strukturi sposobnosti definisanih predmetom istraživanja. Uvidom u rezultate, možemo zaključiti da se devojčice koje se bave odbojkom odlikuju većim vrednostima telesne visine i telesne mase, obima grudi,nadlaktice i podlaktice u odnosu na devojčice koje se ne bave organizovanom fizičkom aktivnošću. Iako u varijablama za procenu potkožnog masnog tkiva nijedošlo do statistički značajnih razlika, u dve od tri grupe vidimo da su kod odbojkašica manje vrednosti varijabli kožnih nabora, ali ne i statistički značajno manje.Navedene razlike grupa devojčica u prostoru morfoloških karakteristika su proizašle na osnovu procesa selekcije i rasta i razvoja (telesna visina, volumen i masa tela), dok se manje vrednosti u potkožnom masnom tkivu odbojkašica mogu pripisatitrenažnom tretmanu bavljenja odbojkom. Na osnovu rezultata primenjene kongruencije ekstrahovanih faktora, možemo zaključiti da se grupe devojčica nerazlikuju u strukturi prvih izolovanih faktora – koji definišu strukturu morfološkog prostora, ali da postoji razlika u strukturi drugih i trećih faktora koji definišuvarijable za procenu motoričkih sposobnosti i inteligencije. Posebno je važno sagledati razliku u strukturi drugih faktora po uzrastu, odnosno važnostpojedinih motoričkih varijabli gde se vidi da je na uzorku odbojkašica motorički prostor mnogo homogeniji, jasnije definisan, sa dominacijom varijabliza procenu intenziteta i trajanja ekscitacije i struktuiranja kretanja. Na osnovu sprovedenog istraživanja o specifičnostima antropološkog prostoradve grupe devojčica starijeg školskog uzrasta, a u skladu sa postavljenim ciljevima i zadacima i u kome su proveravane definisane hipoteze, može se generalnozaključiti da se devojčice koje su u trenažnom programu – odbojkašice statistički značajno razlikuju u morfološkom i motoričkom prostoru od ispitanica kojese ne bave organizovanom fizičkom aktivnošću, dok u intelektualnom funkcionisanju dve grupe ispitanica nisu uočene statistički značajne razlike.A research of morphological features, motor abilities and intelligence was carried out on the sample of 358 girls from the territory of Vojvodina, 11, 50 – 16 years old, out of which 186 female volleyball players (at least three years in training process) and 172 girls that do not practice organized physical activities. The aim of this study was to determine the specificity of young volleyball players compared to girls who are not involved in physical activity, testing of quantitative as well as differences in the structure of skills defined by the subject of research. After examining the results, we can conclude that girls engaged in volleyball are characterized by higher values of body height and body weight, chest circumference, upper arm and forearm girth inrelation to girls who are not involved in physical activity. Although there were no statistically significant differences in the variables for estimating body fat, on the basis of the differences in two of the three groups, we see lower skin fold values of volleyball players, but not significantly lower. These differences of girls in the area of morphological characteristics are derived on the basis of the selection processand the growth and development (height, volume and mass of the body), while the lower values in the subcutaneous adipose tissue of volleyball players can be attributed to the training treatment practicing volleyball. Based on the results of applied congruence of factors extracted, it can be concluded that groups ofgirls do not differ in the structure of the first isolated factors - that define the structure of the morphological space, but there is a difference in the structure of the second and third factors that define the variables of motor abilities and intelligence. It is particularly important to see the difference in the structure of other factors,by age or importance of certain motor variables by which can be seen that the sample of volleyball players in the motor space is far more homogeneous, more clearly defined, with the domination of variables regarding the intensity and duration of excitation and structuring of movement. On the basis of the research on thespecificity of the anthropological area, two groups of girls of school age, in line with the set goals and tasks in which they checked defined hypotheses, a general conclusion is that girls who are in the training program - volleyball players differ significantly in morphology and motor area in respect of girls who are notinvolved in physical activity, while in the intellectual functioning of two groups ofsubjects were not observed statistically significant differences.
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Evick, Jason W. "Chamber Symphony No.1(Evick)/ Symmetrical and Structural Features in Sonata No.2, Mvt.1, violin and piano.(Béla Bartók)." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1229115279.
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Jacobson, Holly E. "Translation of the health brochure and impact on the target reader: A contrastive analysis of the structural and pragmatic features of texts translated into Spanish versus texts written originally in Spanish." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280112.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study involved the analysis of a corpus of health brochures in Spanish, contrasting the way this particular genre is formed and understood in the United States and Mexico. The corpus is made up of two subcorpora: a collection of health brochures published in the United States (translated from English into Spanish), and a collection of brochures from Mexico (written originally in Spanish). These subcorpora were analyzed and compared from many different angles, providing a comprehensive view of how the texts are structured and organized. Analysis at the microlinguistic level, grounded in Speech Act Theory, shows differences in the linguistic realization of the persuasive interactional goals in the two text types. At the macrolinguistic level, a factor analysis reveals differences between the two text types in terms of the patterning and co-occurrence of linguistic features serving the overall informational and persuasive functions characteristic of the health brochure. These differences are attributed to the interpersonal relations and cultural and social contexts in which the two text types are embedded. A subset of texts from both subcorpora was field tested with the aim of assessing the impact of the two text types on readers, in addition to readers' perceptions of the texts. Fifty-four Spanish-speaking adults from Mexico participated in this part of the study. Field testing involved a three pronged approach: a pretest-posttest protocol, recall protocol, and interviews. Responses provide a look at the brochures from the perspective of the reader, and shed light on the role of the two text types in the Mexican community. Results of both parts of this study contribute to the fields of translation studies, translator training, contrastive rhetoric, corpus linguistics, genre analysis, cross-cultural communication, and health education and communication.
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Дубова, О. А., та O. A. Dubova. "Причини стійкості структурного типу мови". Thesis, 2019. http://eir.nuos.edu.ua/xmlui/handle/123456789/4380.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Дубова, О. А. Причини стійкості структурного типу мови / О. А. Дубова // Матеріали V міжнар. наук. конф. “Світ мови – світ у мові”. – Київ : Вид-во НПУ ім. М. П. Драгоманова, 2019. – С. 52–55.Тривалий час у структурно-типологічних дослідженнях розглядалася проблема змін, що відбуваються в мовах світу. В основному ці зміни вбачали в аналітизації синтетичних мов.
For a long time, structural and typological studies have considered the problem of changes in the languages of the world. Basically, these changes were seen in the analysis of synthetic languages.
Книги з теми "Structural-typological features of languages"
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Garraffa, Maria. The grammatical nature of minimal structures: Impoverishment of grammatical features in a non-fluent aphasic speaker. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Pub., 2011.
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Kondrat'ev, Sergey. Theory and practice of personalized learning. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1098272.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The monograph presents the psychological theory and organization of personalized learning in general education schools. The concept of integrative subjectivity of a person as a form of reflexive and areflexive self-existence is considered as the psychological basis of personalized learning. The author characterizes the personality and the social individual in the light of the humanitarian Christian paradigm: reveals the phenomenology of integrative subjectivity, its structural organization, levels and forms of development of the individual and the social individual. From the standpoint of the Christian psychology of education, the general psychological and socio-psychological aspects of personalized learning are revealed, the psychological typification of students and teachers is justified, the extraordinary pedagogical interaction as a psychological mechanism of personalized learning is presented, the experimental construction of psychological types of primary school students based on the perception of educational material, as well as the typological features of teachers. Technologies of personalized learning are presented. The monograph reflects the results of many years of theoretical and experimental research of the author. It is of interest to seminarians, students, postgraduates of Orthodox educational institutions, students of Higher theological courses, faculties of advanced training and retraining, as well as philosophers, psychologists, teachers, social workers, and specialists in the field of education.
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Dabir-Moghaddam, Mohammad. Typological Approaches and Dialects. Edited by Anousha Sedighi and Pouneh Shabani-Jadidi. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198736745.013.3.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Modern Persian reveals interesting typological properties. In terms of word order parameters, it has grammaticalized a number of OV-type and a number of VO-type parameters. As this mixed typological behaviour can be attested in Old Persian and Middle Persian, the implications of this observation for typology, formal linguistics, and theories of language change are worth pursuing. The agreement system of Modern Persian is Nominative-Accusative. However, the majority of Modern Iranian languages are split in this respect. Morphologically, Modern Persian is analytic. This morphological type can be observed in Middle Persian as well. This two-millennium-old typological property gives Persian a distinct place within the Indo-European languages. As Persian is spoken in a widespread geographical area, there are many Persian dialects currently in use. A number of grammatical features of Tajik Persian, Afghan (Dari) Persian, Isfahani Persian, and Gha’eni Persian are briefly mentioned.
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Kononenko, Iryna. Typologia głównych członów zdania w językach słowiańskich. University of Warsaw Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31338/uw.9788323548577.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The monograph presents a typological analysis of the main parts of two-part and single-member sentences in 15 Slavonic languages based on national, parallel and multi-language corpora. The research allows to identify universal syntax features of these languages as well as to define the characteristics of a group or a single language.
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Nordlinger, Rachel. The Languages of the Daly River Region (Northern Australia). Edited by Michael Fortescue, Marianne Mithun, and Nicholas Evans. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199683208.013.44.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter surveys the polysynthetic characteristics of the languages of the Daly River region of Australia’s Northern Territory. Although they are not all closely related, these languages share many typological features typical of polysynthesis, including the encoding of core arguments in the verbal word; noun incorporation; applicatives; and complex templatic verbal morphology. In addition the Daly languages exhibit complex verbal predicates composed of two discontinuous stems, one functioning broadly to classify the event type and the other providing more specific lexical semantics. These properties are surveyed across a range of Daly languages, considering both their similarities and their differences, and the implications they have for a cross-linguistic typology of polysynthesis.
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Foley, William. Polysynthesis in New Guinea. Edited by Michael Fortescue, Marianne Mithun, and Nicholas Evans. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199683208.013.20.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The New Guinea region is linguistically the most complex on earth: as many languages as in the Americas are spoken there. The typological diversity of Papuan languages is also great, though underestimated because of a tendency to survey data from languages of the Trans New Guinea family, the largest and most widespread. Its languages have provided a misleading picture of a ‘typical’ Papuan language, including the typological category of polysynthesis. Due to the generally low to moderately agglutinating structure of Trans New Guinea languages, the degree and range of polysynthesis in New Guinea has been under-recognized. By taking four parameters, head marking, verbal pronominal agreement affixes (polypersonalism), incorporation, and clause linkage by parataxis as diagnostic of polysynthesis, this chapter explores its range and degree across several Papuan language families. It argues that polysynthesis is a cluster of features a language can have to a greater or lesser degree.
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Fortescue, Michael, Marianne Mithun, and Nicholas Evans, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Polysynthesis. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199683208.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This handbook offers an extensive cross-linguistic and cross-theoretical survey of polysynthetic languages, in which single multi-morpheme verb forms can express what would be whole sentences in English. These languages and the problems they raise for linguistic analyses have long featured prominently in language descriptions, and yet the essence of polysynthesis remains under discussion, right down to whether it delineates a distinct, coherent type, rather than an assortment of frequently co-occurring traits. Chapters in the first part of the handbook relate polysynthesis to other issues central to linguistics, such as complexity, the definition of the word, the nature of the lexicon, idiomaticity, and to typological features such as argument structure and head marking. Part II contains areal studies of those geographical regions of the world where polysynthesis is particularly common, such as the Arctic and Sub-Arctic and northern Australia. The third part examines diachronic topics such as language contact and language obsolence, while Part IV looks at acquisition issues in different polysynthetic languages. Finally, Part V contains detailed grammatical descriptions of over twenty languages which have been characterized as polysynthetic, with special attention given to the presence or absence of potentially criterial features.
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Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y., R. M. W. Dixon, and Nerida Jarkey, eds. The Integration of Language and Society. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192845924.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Each language bears an imprint of the society that speaks it — speakers' relationships to each other, their beliefs and ways of viewing the world, and other facets of their social environment, alongside speakers' habitat, subsistence, and physical environment. A grammar of each language will relate to, and be integrated with, the meanings and the choices which reflect societal practices. Ihe integration of language and society, as reflected in grammatical features of languages, is what this volume is about. It starts with a typological introduction summarising the main issues relevant to the integration of language and society, with special focus on grammatical phenomena. These include honorific forms, genders and classifiers, possession, evidentiality, comparative constructions, and demonstrative systems. It is followed by several studies focused on the ways in which societal norms and beliefs are reflected in languages of diverse typological profiles. The data are drawn from languages of Australia and New Guinea (Dyirbal and Idi), South America (Chamacoco, Ayoreo, Murui, and Tariana), Asia (Japanese, Brokpa, and Dzongkka), and Africa (Iraqw). The volume advances our understanding of the ways in which non-linguistic traits have their correlates in language, and how they change if the society undergoes transformations. The outcomes will be a valuable resource for scholars and students of typology, general linguistics, linguistic and cultural anthropology, and social sciences.
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Fortescue, Michael, Marianne Mithun, and Nicholas Evans. Introduction. Edited by Michael Fortescue, Marianne Mithun, and Nicholas Evans. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199683208.013.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The first chapter of The Oxford Handbook of Polysynthesis introduces the notion of polysynthesis and the related issues that the volume addresses, such as complexity, the definition of the word, the nature of the lexicon, idiomaticity, and typological features such as argument structure and head marking. It also outlines the part structure of the volume: Part I addresses polysynthesis from different perspectives; Part II contains areal studies of those geographical regions of the world where polysynthesis is particularly common, such as the Arctic and Sub-Arctic and northern Australia; Part III examines diachronic topics such as language contact and language obsolescence; Part IV looks at acquisition issues in different polysynthetic languages.
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Temporal stability of linguistic typological features. LINCOM publishers, 2009.
Знайти повний текст джерелаЧастини книг з теми "Structural-typological features of languages"
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Cysouw, Michael, and Bernard Comrie. "Some observations on typological features of hunter-gatherer languages." In Typological Studies in Language, 383–94. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tsl.104.17cys.
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Müller, Dennis, Florian Rabe, Colin Rothgang, and Michael Kohlhase. "Representing Structural Language Features in Formal Meta-languages." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 206–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53518-6_13.
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Al Rozz, Younis, Harith Hamoodat, and Ronaldo Menezes. "Characterization of Written Languages Using Structural Features from Common Corpora." In Complex Networks VIII, 161–73. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54241-6_14.
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Wood, James, and Robert Atkey. "A Framework for Substructural Type Systems." In Programming Languages and Systems, 376–402. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99336-8_14.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractMechanisation of programming language research is of growing interest, and the act of mechanising type systems and their metatheory is generally becoming easier as new techniques are invented. However, state-of-the-art techniques mostly rely on structurality of the type system — that weakening, contraction, and exchange are admissible and variables can be used unrestrictedly once assumed. Linear logic, and many related subsequent systems, provide motivations for breaking some of these assumptions.We present a framework for mechanising the metatheory of certain substructural type systems, in a style resembling mechanised metatheory of structural type systems. The framework covers a wide range of simply typed syntaxes with semiring usage annotations, via a metasyntax of typing rules. The metasyntax for the premises of a typing rule is related to bunched logic, featuring both sharing and separating conjunction, roughly corresponding to the additive and multiplicative features of linear logic. We use the uniformity of syntaxes to derive type system-generic renaming, substitution, and a form of linearity checking.
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de Reuse, Willem J. "Polysynthesis as a typological feature." In Typological Studies in Language, 19–34. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tsl.86.02pol.
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Corbett, Greville G. "Determining morphosyntactic feature values." In Typological Studies in Language, 1–34. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tsl.81.01det.
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Wolf, Felix A., Linard Arquint, Martin Clochard, Wytse Oortwijn, João C. Pereira, and Peter Müller. "Gobra: Modular Specification and Verification of Go Programs." In Computer Aided Verification, 367–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81685-8_17.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractGo is an increasingly-popular systems programming language targeting, especially, concurrent and distributed systems. Go differentiates itself from other imperative languages by offering structural subtyping and lightweight concurrency through goroutines with message-passing communication. This combination of features poses interesting challenges for static verification, most prominently the combination of a mutable heap and advanced concurrency primitives.We present Gobra, a modular, deductive program verifier for Go that proves memory safety, crash safety, data-race freedom, and user-provided specifications. Gobra is based on separation logic and supports a large subset of Go. Its implementation translates an annotated Go program into the Viper intermediate verification language and uses an existing SMT-based verification backend to compute and discharge proof obligations.
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Clendon, Mark. "Some Features of Manjiljarra Nominalised Relative Clauses." In Typological Studies in Language, 193. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tsl.15.09cle.
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Hudson, Grover. "Ergative-active features of the Ethiopian Semitic type." In Typological Studies in Language, 107–35. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tsl.75.06hud.
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Kallulli, Dalina. "Passive as a feature-suppression operation." In Typological Studies in Language, 442–60. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tsl.68.26kal.
Повний текст джерелаТези доповідей конференцій з теми "Structural-typological features of languages"
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Nefedov, Andrey. "A Polysynthetic Language in Contact: The Case of Ket." In GLOCAL Conference on Asian Linguistic Anthropology 2019. The GLOCAL Unit, SOAS University of London, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47298/cala2019.5-2.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Ket is one of the most enigmatic polysynthetic languages in North Asia. The majority of structural features complicating a clear-cut typological analysis of Ket are due to the long-term contact with the languages of a radically different type that resulted in a peculiar process of structural mimicry (or ‘typological accommodation’ in Vajda’s (2017) terms). The mimicry is most evident in the verbal morphology, which is traditionally regarded as almost exclusively prefixing. While this is true for the oldest layer of verbs with the main lexical root in the final position, Ket’s most productive patterns of verb formation clearly imitate suffixal agglutination typical of the surrounding languages by placing the main lexical root in the initial position with the rest of morphemes following it. This presentation aims to demonstrate that this phenomenon is also attested at the syntactic level. Prototypical polysynthetic languages are largely devoid of overt subordination (cf. Baker 1996). Ket, however, signals adverbial subordination by using postposed relational morphemes attached to fully finite verbs. This pattern is common to adverbial clauses in the neighboring languages, the difference being that they attach relational morphemes to non-finite forms only. This functional-structural parallel is likewise attested in relative clauses. The surrounding languages share a common relativization pattern involving preposed participial relative clauses with a ‘gapped’ relativized noun phrase (Pakendorf 2012). This resembles the major relativization pattern in Ket, in which, however, preposed relative clauses are fully finite. Formation of adverbial and relative clauses in Ket clearly mimics that of the surrounding languages and does not conform to the expected ‘polysynthetic’ pattern. At the same time, Ket resists accommodating a participle-like morphology, which can be connected with the general tendency among polysynthetic languages not to have truly non-finite forms (cf. Nichols 1992).
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Hammarström, Harald, One-Soon Her, and Marc Tang. "Term Spotting: A Quick-and-dirty Method for Extracting Typological Features of Language from Grammatical Descriptions." In Eighth Swedish Language Technology Conference (SLTC-2020), 25-27 November 2020. Linköping University Electronic Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/ecp184172.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Starting from a large collection of digitized raw-text descriptions of languages of the world, we address the problem of extracting information of interest to linguists from these. We describe a general technique to extract properties of the described languages associated with a specific term. The technique is simple to implement, simple to explain, requires no training data or annotation, and requires no manual tuning of thresholds. The results are evaluated on a large gold standard database on classifiers with accuracy results that match or supersede human inter-coder agreement on similar tasks. Although accuracy is competitive, the method may still be enhanced by a more rigorous probabilistic background theory and usage of extant NLP tools for morphological variants, collocations and vector-space semantics.
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Штудинер, М. А. "Типологическая классификация фонетических систем славянских языков". У Межкультурное и межъязыковое взаимодействие в пространстве Славии (к 110-летию со дня рождения С. Б. Бернштейна). Институт славяноведения РАН, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/0459-6.05.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Typological features of Slavic languages phonetic systems are construed in the report in terms of one of Common Slavic processes — re flexivity of long consonant sounds that appeared in Slavic consonant systems as a result of mutual adaptation of consonants in combinations that appeared after the disappearance of ultrashort vowels in weak position.
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Ulrich, K., and W. Seering. "Conceptual Design As Novel Combination of Existing Device Features." In ASME 1987 Design Technology Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1987-0037.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Conceptual design is the initial stage of the transformation between functional and structural descriptions of devices. Our primary aim is to develop ideas that will allow computer tools for conceptual design to be built. In this paper, we point out a fundamental trade-off between the expressiveness of design languages and the computational complexity of the resulting design problem. Research in computational conceptual design can therefore be viewed as the problem of defining a design language and then devising ways of controlling the size of the resulting design space. We propose that an effective means of controlling complexity is to use knowledge of existing designs to guide the synthesis of novel designs. We illustrate this concept with a program that designs novel mechanical fasteners from knowledge of existing fasteners. We analyze this experiment and highlight several areas for future work.
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Lukyanova, Tatyana A., and Darya V. Lyukina. "PHRASEOLOGISMS WITH THE ZOONYME COMPONENT IN RUSSIAN, FRENCH AND ENGLISH LANGUAGES." In Люди речисты - 2021. Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I. N. Ulyanov, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33065/978-5-907216-49-5-2021-47-55.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of the study is to correlate and compare the linguistic and cultural features of phraseological units with the component-zoonym in Russian, French and English. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that it presents a number of specific observations and conclusions made as a result of personal analysis, combining structural, semantic and cognitive elements, conducted on a specific material. The practical value of this study is that its results can be further used to study the issues of lexicology and stylistics of the three languages.
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Huo, Xuan, and Ming Li. "Enhancing the Unified Features to Locate Buggy Files by Exploiting the Sequential Nature of Source Code." In Twenty-Sixth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2017/265.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Bug reports provide an effective way for end-users to disclose potential bugs hidden in a software system, while automatically locating the potential buggy source files according to a bug report remains a great challenge in software maintenance. Many previous approaches represent bug reports and source code from lexical and structural information correlated their relevance by measuring their similarity, and recently a CNN-based model is proposed to learn the unified features for bug localization, which overcomes the difficulty in modeling natural and programming languages with different structural semantics. However, previous studies fail to capture the sequential nature of source code, which carries additional semantics beyond the lexical and structural terms and such information is vital in modeling program functionalities and behaviors. In this paper, we propose a novel model LS-CNN, which enhances the unified features by exploiting the sequential nature of source code. LS-CNN combines CNN and LSTM to extract semantic features for automatically identifying potential buggy source code according to a bug report. Experimental results on widely-used software projects indicate that LS-CNN significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art methods in locating buggy files.
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Choi, Min-je, Sehun Jeong, Hakjoo Oh, and Jaegul Choo. "End-to-End Prediction of Buffer Overruns from Raw Source Code via Neural Memory Networks." In Twenty-Sixth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2017/214.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Detecting buffer overruns from a source code is one of the most common and yet challenging tasks in program analysis. Current approaches based on rigid rules and handcrafted features are limited in terms of flexible applicability and robustness due to diverse bug patterns and characteristics existing in sophisticated real-world software programs. In this paper, we propose a novel, data-driven approach that is completely end-to-end without requiring any hand-crafted features, thus free from any program language-specific structural limitations. In particular, our approach leverages a recently proposed neural network model called memory networks that have shown the state-of-the-art performances mainly in question-answering tasks. Our experimental results using source code samples demonstrate that our proposed model is capable of accurately detecting different types of buffer overruns. We also present in-depth analyses on how a memory network can learn to understand the semantics in programming languages solely from raw source codes, such as tracing variables of interest, identifying numerical values, and performing their quantitative comparisons.
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Закирьянов, Кабир. "COMPARATIVE-TYPOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION OF MULTI-STRUCTURAL LANGUAGES (RUSSIAN AND BASHKIR) FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES." In CROSS-CULTURAL↔INTRA-CULTURAL COMMUNICATION: THEORY AND PRACTICE OF TRAINING AND TRANSLATING. Baskir State University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33184/miktipoip-2021-12-02.15.
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Colistra, Daniele, and Domenico Mediati. "Fortified masserie in Calabria. Architectural features and typological models." In FORTMED2020 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Valencia: Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11328.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In southern Italy, and also in Calabria, fortified masserie represent a typical building model meant for the management, the control and the defense of the territory and of the rural heritage. This occurs especially in areas where, before the agricultural reform of the mid-twentieth century, the latifundium was the main model of property organization. The geographical position of the region, which has always been exposed to incursions and looting, has favored, in the rural buildings, the presence of defensive morpho-structural elements and above all the spread of typological plants that make the building system closed to the outside and therefore protected. This is the main topic of the research. Through the study, survey and analysis of 26 fortified masserie on the Calabrian territory, we have identified three particularly widespread typological-settlement models: the fortress masseria, the court masseria, the block masseria.
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Vavichkina, Tatiana, Yulia Vlasova, Elena Paymakova, and Nadezhda Morozova. "USE OF TYPOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE ARABIC LANGUAGE IN THE FORMATION OF STUDENTS’ LEXICAL SKILLS." In 12th International Technology, Education and Development Conference. IATED, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/inted.2018.1027.
Повний текст джерелаЗвіти організацій з теми "Structural-typological features of languages"
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Ustinova, Viktoriia O., Svitlana V. Shokaliuk, Iryna S. Mintii, and Andrey V. Pikilnyak. Modern techniques of organizing computer support for future teachers’ independent work in German language. [б. в.], September 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3255.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of the study is to elucidate the theoretical and methodological aspects of computer support organization for independent work in a foreign (German) language for future teachers of different subjects. The subject of the study is a methodological technique of organizing effective computer support for future teachers to work independently in a foreign (German) language. Objectives of the study: to state the goals of studying foreign languages in its broad and narrow sense, the requirements for the results of future teachers’ training in different subjects; to explore ways of organizing computer support for future teachers’ independent work; to determine the list and purpose of the basic and auxiliary structural elements of a typical e-learning Moodle course in a foreign language; to provide methodological recommendations for the organization of future teachers’ independent work in the content of a separate training module of the Moodle course “Foreign (German) Language”. The article summarizes the experience of organizing computer support for future teachers’ independent work and the substantive and methodological features of its implementation into the process of experimental introduction of the Moodle course “Foreign (German) Language” into the educational process carried out on the basis of Kryvyi Rih State Pedagogical University.
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Chornodon, Myroslava. FEAUTURES OF GENDER IN MODERN MASS MEDIA. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.49.11064.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article clarifies of gender identity stereotypes in modern media. The main gender stereotypes covered in modern mass media are analyzed and refuted. The model of gender relations in the media is reflected mainly in the stereotypical images of men and woman. The features of the use of gender concepts in modern periodicals for women and men were determined. The most frequently used derivatives of these macroconcepts were identified and analyzed in detail. It has been found that publications for women and men are full of various gender concepts that are used in different contexts. Ingeneral, theanalysisofthe concept-maximums and concept-minimum gender and their characteristics is carried out in the context of gender stereotypes that have been forme dand function in the society, system atizing the a ctual presentations. The study of the gender concept is relevant because it reveals new trends and features of modern gender images. Taking into account the special features of gender-labeled periodicals in general and the practical absence of comprehensive scientific studies of the gender concept in particular, there is a need to supplement Ukrainian science with this topic. Gender psychology, which is served by methods of various sciences, primarily sociological, pedagogical, linguistic, psychological, socio-psychological. Let us pay attention to linguistic and psycholinguistic methods in gender studies. Linguistic methods complement intelligence research tasks, associated with speech, word and text. Psycholinguistic methods used in gender psychology (semantic differential, semantic integral, semantic analysis of words and texts), aimed at studying speech messages, specific mechanisms of origin and perception, functions of speech activity in society, studying the relationship between speech messages and gender properties participants in the communication, to analyze the linguistic development in connection with the general development of the individual. Nowhere in gender practice there is the whole arsenal of psychological methods that allow you to explore psychological peculiarities of a person like observation, experiments, questionnaires, interviews, testing, modeling, etc. The methods of psychological self-diagnostics include: the gender aspect of the own socio-psychological portrait, a gender biography as a variant of the biographical method, aimed at the reconstruction of individual social experience. In the process of writing a gender autobiography, a person can understand the characteristics of his gender identity, as well as ways and means of their formation. Socio-psychological methods of studying gender include the study of socially constructed women’s and men’s roles, relationships and identities, sexual characteristics, psychological characteristics, etc. The use of gender indicators and gender approaches as a means of socio-psychological and sociological analysis broadens the subject boundaries of these disciplines and makes them the subject of study within these disciplines. And also, in the article a combination of concrete-historical, structural-typological, system-functional methods is implemented. Descriptive and comparative methods, method of typology, modeling are used. Also used is a method of content analysis for the study of gender content of modern gender-stamped journals. It was he who allowed quantitatively to identify and explore the features of the gender concept in the pages of periodicals for women and men. A combination of historical, structural-typological, system-functional methods is also implemented in the article. Descriptive and comparative methods, method of typology, modeling are used. A method of content analysis for the study of gender content of modern gender-labeled journals is also used. It allowed to identify and explore the features of the gender concept quantitatively in the periodicals for women and men. The conceptual perception and interpretation of the gender concept «woman», which is highlighted in the modern gender-labeled press in Ukraine, requires the elaboration of the polyfunctionality of gender interpretations, the comprehension of the metaphorical perception of this image and its role and purpose in society. A gendered approach to researching the gender content of contemporary periodicals for women and men. Conceptual analysis of contemporary gender-stamped publications within the gender conceptual sphere allows to identify and correlate the meta-gender and gender concepts that appear in society.