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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Stresses and deformations condition"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 30 травня 2022
Оновлено: 31 травня 2022

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Статті в журналах з теми "Stresses and deformations condition"

1

Zabaras, Nicholas, Yimin Ruan, and Owen Richmond. "On the Calculation of Deformations and Stresses During Axially Symmetric Solidification." Journal of Applied Mechanics 58, no. 4 (December 1, 1991): 865–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2897699.

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In this paper finite element modeling of the deformation and stress development in solidifying bodies is presented. Emphasis is given to axially symmetric problems and especially to the accurate implementation of thermal and mechanical phenomena occurring at the freezing front. More specifically, the interface velocity and location are treated as primary variables of the heat transfer analysis, and the isostatic stress condition at the front is utilized as an initial condition in the stress analysis. A hypoelastic-viscoplastic constitutive model and a rate form of the principle of virtual work are involved to model the stresses and deformation. The mechanical and thermal properties are allowed to vary with temperature and strain rate in a realistic manner. Several examples of calculated residual stresses are shown for pure aluminum under axially symmetric geometries and realistic boundary conditions. The effects on the evolving deformations and stresses of the melt pressure, geometry, and cooling conditions are examined and reported.
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2

Nurul Misbah, Muhammad, Septia Hardy Sujiatanti, Dony Setyawan, Rizky Chandra Ariesta, and Satriyo Rahmadianto. "Structural Analysis on the Block Lifting in Shipbuilding Construction Process." MATEC Web of Conferences 177 (2018): 01027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817701027.

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Deformation is unavoidable in some stages of the ship production process. Deformation occurs when the blocks are lifted in an erroneous eye pad position. The aim of this study was to determine behaviour of the ship structures during assembly and lifting process. A typical tanker was used as the basic structural shape. The bottom structures was modeled to be analyzed. In this study, deformations and stresses on the bottom structures during the block lifting are investigated using the finite element method. The deformations and stresses are evaluated and critical condition detected. The preferable block lifting method with the minimum distortion on the bottom structures of tanker is proposed.
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3

Shrestha, Pawan Kumar, and Krishna Kanta Panthi. "Estimating Tunnel Strain in Weak and Schistose Rock Mass under a State of in-situ Stress Anisotropy." Hydro Nepal: Journal of Water, Energy and Environment 16 (February 28, 2015): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v16i0.12212.

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Tunnels excavated in weak and schistose rock mass below high overburden (rock cover) are prone to instability in the form of tunnel deformation. The deformation in the tunnel takes place to such an extent that it is irreversible and of significant magnitude, which is often known as tunnel squeezing. In order to limit such plastic deformation in tunnels, it is desirable that the response of the rock mass to induced stresses is known so that requirement of rock support can be estimated. Contrary to the assumption of uniform in-situ stresses made in analytical solutions for elasto-plastic analyses, large degree of stress anisotropy condition prevails in most tunnelling conditions. The effect of such anisotropic stress condition leads to varying degrees of deformations around the tunnel contour. Therefore, stress anisotropy is also an important factor that needs to be addressed to ensure a proper support design for tunnels. This paper discusses the inter-relationship among rock mass property, in-situ stresses including horizontal to vertical stress ratio, tunnel support pressure and deformation. The study is based on the tunnel cases from the Nepal Himalaya. Three completed tunnel projects were selected, where moderate to large tunnel deformations had been recorded. Long term deformation records were analyzed to assess time independent and time dependent deformations. Results of the analyses of the tunnels in weak and schistose rock mass at stress anisotropy states show that a good correlation among tunnel strain, rock mass shear modulus, support pressure, vertical stress and stress ratio of horizontal to vertical stresses exists. Moreover, the study also shows that significant amount of time dependent deformation can occur in such weak rock mass. Such deformation was found to be high in schist and micaceous phyllite, moderate in graphitic phyllite and low in siliceous phyllite. The suggested relationships can be used as a basis for an early estimate of instantaneous and final deformations and the corresponding requirement of support pressures in tunnel walls in weak and schistose rock mass.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v16i0.12212HYDRO Nepal Journal of Water Energy and EnvironmentIssue. 16, 2015 January Page: 7-13 Upload date: March 1, 2015
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4

Eremeev, V. V. "ON THE LOSS OF STABILITY OF A TWO-LAYERED PLATE MADE OF A FUNCTIONAL-GRADIENT MATERIAL WITH A NON-UNIFORM FIELD OF PRE-STRESSES." Problems of strenght and plasticity 81, no. 4 (2019): 512–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.32326/1814-9146-2019-81-4-512-518.

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In the framework of three-dimensional nonlinear elasticity we consider linear instability of a composite plate made of functionally graded material and having initial stresses. The plae consists of two layers which were obtained as a result of flattening of an annual sector of an elastic cylinder. This deformation results in appearance of internal stresses. Thus, the plate becomes initially stressed. The initial stresses depend on the thickness coordinate, so we get inhomogeneous stress field. We have two types of inhomogeneities, the first is the inhomogeneity of the initial stresses whereas the second is the material inhomogeneity.We use the incompressible neo-Hookean material model as a constitutive relation. Despite of relatively simple form this model describes properly severe deformations of some rubber-like materials. For incompressible materials the flattening constitutes one of the so-called universal deformations, that is such deformation which is independent on the choice of constitutive relation. The material inhomogeneity is described through a dependence of the shear modulus on the thickness coordinate. Such inhomogeneity could be related to the manufacturing of the material or to further treatment. The stability was analysed using the linearization approach. We superimpose infinitesimal deformations on the finite initial one. The linearized boundary-value problem was derived and its nontrivial solutions were obtained. The solution was obtained in series of trigonometric functions. This helps to automatically satisfy a part of boundary conditions. We consider the influence of the inhomogeneity and initial stresses. We show that the initial stresses may significantly change critical deformations. For example, the loss of stability is possible due to initial stresses only.
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5

Eremeev, V. V. "ON THE LOSS OF STABILITY OF A TWO-LAYERED PLATE MADE OF A FUNCTIONAL-GRADIENT MATERIAL WITH A NON-UNIFORM FIELD OF PRE-STRESSES." Problems of strenght and plasticity 81, no. 4 (2019): 513–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.32326/1814-9146-2019-81-4-513-520.

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In the framework of three-dimensional nonlinear elasticity we consider linear instability of a composite plate made of functionally graded material and having initial stresses. The plae consists of two layers which were obtained as a result of flattening of an annual sector of an elastic cylinder. This deformation results in appearance of internal stresses. Thus, the plate becomes initially stressed. The initial stresses depend on the thickness coordinate, so we get inhomogeneous stress field. We have two types of inhomogeneities, the first is the inhomogeneity of the initial stresses whereas the second is the material inhomogeneity.We use the incompressible neo-Hookean material model as a constitutive relation. Despite of relatively simple form this model describes properly severe deformations of some rubber-like materials. For incompressible materials the flattening constitutes one of the so-called universal deformations, that is such deformation which is independent on the choice of constitutive relation. The material inhomogeneity is described through a dependence of the shear modulus on the thickness coordinate. Such inhomogeneity could be related to the manufacturing of the material or to further treatment. The stability was analysed using the linearization approach. We superimpose infinitesimal deformations on the finite initial one. The linearized boundary-value problem was derived and its nontrivial solutions were obtained. The solution was obtained in series of trigonometric functions. This helps to automatically satisfy a part of boundary conditions. We consider the influence of the inhomogeneity and initial stresses. We show that the initial stresses may significantly change critical deformations. For example, the loss of stability is possible due to initial stresses only.
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6

Ayoub, Mai, Mohamed EL-Anwar, and Mazen I. Negm. "Arthroscopic Suture Anchor Design Finite Element Study." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 9, A (July 22, 2021): 562–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.6409.

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AIM: This in-vitro study investigated arthroscopic suture anchors’ main design parameters effect on surrounding bone. METHODS: Thirty-dimensional arthroscopic suture anchor designs’ models were created on engineering CAD software by changing thread profile, pitch, and anchor tip profile as design parameters. These models were imported into ANSYS Workbench for finite element analysis. Bone was simplified and modeled as two coaxial cylinders. Tensile vertical load of 300 N, and oblique at 45º to the vertical axis, were applied to each model as two loading conditions while the simplified bone base was fixed in place as a boundary condition. RESULTS: The finite element analyses on all models under both loading conditions showed stresses within physiological limits on bone. Trapezoidal teeth and inclined cut teeth designs showed the lowest values of stresses and deformations respectively on the bone under oblique loads, while curved tooth and square tooth designs showed the lowest values of stresses and deformations respectively on the bone under vertical loads. General ascending or descending trend was recorded by increasing pitch from 1.2 to 1.5 to 1.8 mm on the total deformation and maximum Von Mises stress on bone and anchor body. Tapered tip slightly increased bone and anchor stresses. CONCLUSION: Arthroscopic anchors thread profile has minor affect on cortical bone behavior. Trapezoidal teeth, square tooth, and inclined cut teeth profiles showed the lowest values of stresses and deformations on cortical bone. Increasing thread pitch of arthroscopic suture anchors increases or decreases stress on the bone, and anchor body according to thread profile edges. Anchor tip profile negligibly affects both deformations and stresses on bone and anchor body.
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7

Savaş, Atilla. "SELECTION OF WELDING CONDITIONS FOR MINIMIZING THE RESIDUAL STRESSES AND DEFORMATIONS DURING HARD-FACING OF MILD STEEL." Brodogradnja 72, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21278/brod72101.

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Hard-facing process is widely used for improving the wear resistance of mild steel. During the application of hard-facing, due to high temperatures, residual stresses and deformations may occur. The tensile residual stresses may cause crack propagation on the hard-faced part. The purpose of this study is to utilise minimum computer work for minimizing these residual stresses and deformations during the hard-facing of mild steel. The fully coupled transient heat transfer and structural analysis was performed for calculations. The double-ellipsoidal moving heat source was utilised to simulate the heat input from the gas metal arc welding (GMAW). Only eight numerical simulations were performed to minimize the computer work; the grey relational analysis was used for minimizing both the residual stresses and deformations. Welding speed, welding current, and welding pattern were considered as changing parameters. At the end of the numerical and statistical solutions, it is observed that heat input should be kept minimum to minimize the stresses and deformations. But it is obvious that the heat input must provide a temperature greater than the melding point. Straight patterns always produce better results for minimizing stresses and deformations. Transverse stress at the beginning and end of the longitudinal path gets higher significantly after cooling. Cooling does not affect the total deformation.
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Bondar, Ivan, Mikhail Kvashnin, Dinara Aldekeyeva, Saule Bekzhanova, Aliya Izbairova, and Assem Akbayeva. "Influence of the deformed state of a road bridge on operational safety." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 2, no. 7 (116) (April 28, 2022): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2022.255275.

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The article deals with the issues of vehicle traffic safety on artificial constructions. Ensuring safety in the field of rail transport is an essential element in the activities of all subjects of the market of railway services, including passenger carriers. To fully study the issues of the deformed state of beam superstructures, it is necessary to conduct static and dynamic tests. Before the start of the tests, it is mandatory to check the technical condition of the artificial structure: 1) visual inspection, special checks with verification of necessary parameters; 2) carrying out control linear measurements; 3) selective determination of concrete strength by non-destructive methods. First, the static tests is conducted to determine the total deformations of each beam of the superstructure at the control point with maximum deformations of ½ L. Then dynamic tests with determination of periods of natural oscillations and deformations (stresses). Processing of the results of surveys and tests of the overpass with an assessment of the possibility of passing design loads on the road bridge, after which a dynamic passport of the transport structure is compiled. The study of the stressed state of vehicles gives a clear idea of the causes of deformations in the structural elements when analyzing the work of the span of the automobile bridge in conditions of increasing axial loads and traffic flow speeds. Deformation processes lead to defects, structural failures and accidents on the vehicle, which leads to premature wear, material damage and environmental damage. Periodic measurements of deformations (stresses) of the superstructure structure over several years will make it possible to predict changes in its condition over time and determine the remaining resource in terms of load-bearing capacity and load capacity. As a result of experimental studies, it was proved that the presented technique, developed in the classical version for detecting structural defects between a single-layer coating and a base of various types, can also work effectively in the case of non-destructive testing of multilayer structures
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Kassem, Abdelraouf Tawfik. "Deformations of R.C.Circular Slabs in Fire Condition." Civil Engineering Journal 4, no. 4 (May 3, 2018): 712. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-0309126.

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Reinforced concrete slabs are elements in direct contact with superimposed loads, having high surface area and small thickness. Such a condition makes slabs highly vulnerable to fire conditions. Fire results in exaggerated deformations in reinforced concrete slabs, as a result of material deterioration and thermal induced stresses. The main objective of this paper is to deeply investigate how circular R.C. slabs, of different configurations, behave in fire condition. That objective has been achieved through finite element modelling. Thermal-structural finite element models have been prepared, using "Ansys". Finite element models used solid elements to model both thermal and structural slab behaviour. Structural loads had been applied, representing slab operational loads, then thermal loads were applied in accordance with ISO 843 fire curve. Outputs in the form of deflection profile and edge rotation have been extracted out of the models to present slab deformations. A parametric study has been conducted to figure out the significance of various parameters such as; slab depth, slenderness ratio, load ratio, and opening size; regarding slab deformations. It was found that deformational behaviour differs significantly for slabs of thickness equal or below 100 mm, than slabs of thickness equal or above 200 mm. On the other hand considerable changes in slabs behaviour take place after 30 minutes of fire exposure for slabs of thickness equals or below 100 mm, while such changes delay till 60 minutes for slabs of thickness equals or above 200 mm.
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Rutman, J., and V. Ulitin. "Limit Dependences in Stability Calculations With Account for Physical Nonlinearity." Journal of Mechanics 33, no. 2 (September 13, 2016): 157–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jmech.2016.72.

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AbstractStability of bars, plates, shells, and other thin-walled structures in conditions of small physical nonlinearity is considered, when stresses exceed the proportionality limit, the amount of deformations being limited. Shanley's concept is used. The critical state is determined by means of some limit dependences. In a large number of cases, when creating efficient highly-stressed constructions, limited plastic deformations are allowed in them. When analysing stability in the critical state, the calculated stresses turn out to exceed the proportionality limit and the Young's modulus of elasticity turns out to be greater than the tangent modulus corresponding to the calculated stress on the diagram “deformation-stress”. The objective of this work is to show that stability calculation beyond the proportionality limit is reduced to the analysis of some limit dependences as well as to develop a general solution algorithm for similar problems.
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Дисертації з теми "Stresses and deformations condition"

1

Rousseau, Carl Q. "Stresses and deformations in angle-ply composite tubes." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/51901.

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The objective of this study was to investigate, both experimentally and analytically, the stresses and deformations in angle-ply composite tubes subjected to axisymmetric thermal loading. For the theoretical portion, a generalized plane strain elasticity analysis was developed. The analysis included mechanical and thermal loading and temperature-dependent material properties. Using the elasticity analysis and a temperature range of 116 K to 450 K, stress levels were found to be high for the specific designs considered, compared to material failure levels. In addition, the use of temperature-dependent material properties was found to have a significant effect on the predicted stresses and deformations. The elasticity analysis was also used to study the effect of including a thin metallic coating on a graphite-epoxy tube. The stresses in the coatings were found to be quite high, exceeding the yield stress of aluminum. An important finding in the analytical studies was the fact that even tubes with a balanced-symmetric lamination sequence exhibited shear deformation or twist. The radial location of an off-axis ply was found to influence its effect on the overall torsional tube response. For the experimental portion, an apparatus was developed to measure torsional and axial response in the temperature range of 140 K to 360 K. Eighteen specimens were tested, combining three material systems, eight lamination sequences, and three off-axis ply orientation angles. For the twist response, agreement between analysis and experiment was found to be good. The axial response of the tubes tested was found to be greater than predicted by a factor of three. As a result of the study, it is recommended that the thermally-induced axial deformations be investigated further, both experimentally and analytically.
Master of Science
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2

Shah, Ketan R. Carleton University Dissertation Engineering Civil. "Deformations and stresses in pipelines buried in freezing ground." Ottawa, 1990.

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3

Massicotte, Daniel. "Finite element calculations of stresses and deformations in buried flexible pipes." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0018/MQ57140.pdf.

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4

Kennedy, Kevin Francis. "A method for metal deformation and stress analysis in rolling." Connect to resource, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=osu1261418472.

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5

Khoun, Karine. "Process-induced stresses and deformations in woven composites manufactured by Resin Transfer Moulding." Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66887.

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This work investigated the factors leading to the generation of process-induced stresses and deformations in woven composites manufactured by Resin Transfer Moulding (RTM). Both intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms were examined. First, a comprehensive methodology was applied to characterize the thermal, chemorheological and thermomechanical properties of the CYCOM 890RTM epoxy resin. The developed models were essential to establish a clear understanding of the resin behaviour during the processing conditions. Then, the thermomechanical properties of 5-Harness satin woven fabrics were investigated using a micromechanical approach. Different fibre volume fractions between 50% and 62%, corresponding to typical volume fractions used in the RTM process, were examined. These thermomechanical properties were compared to the properties of equivalent unidirectional crossply laminates in order to validate the use of crossply configuration to model the behaviour of woven fabric laminate. The developed resin models and the fibre properties were then implemented in a finite element software, ABAQUS/COMPRO in order to predict the evolution of the laminate properties during the RTM process. Fibre Bragg Grating sensors were then used to characterize experimentally the tool-part interaction occurring during the RTM process. The separation of the composite from the mould during the cool down period was measured by the optical sensors. The maximal shear stress allowed by the laminate before the debonding was estimated to be 140 kPa for a steel mould. The observed tool-part interaction was simulated using frictional contact conditions at the composite/mould interface in a finite element analysis. Finally, using the ABAQUS/COMPRO interface, the manufacturing of a composite structure by RTM was modelled, taking into account simultaneously the intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms examined. This case study demonstrates the capacity of the process mod
Ce travail étudie les facteurs conduisant au développement de contraintes et déformations résiduelles induites par le procédé d'injection sur renforts dans le cas de composites à renforts tissés. Les mécanismes intrinsèques ainsi qu'extrinsèques ont été pris en considération. Tout d'abord, une méthodologie a été utilisée pour caractériser les propriétés thermo-chimiques et thermo-mécaniques de la résine époxy CYCOM 890RTM. Le développement de modèles mathématiques pour décrire les différentes propriétés est une étape essentielle pour comprendre clairement l'évolution du comportement de la résine lors du procédé de fabrication. Ensuite, les propriétés thermo-mécaniques d'un tissu satin de 5 ont été examinées en utilisant une approche de micromécanique sur un motif élémentaire. Différentes fractions volumiques de fibre entre 50% et 62%, correspondant aux fractions volumiques de fibre typiquement utilisées pour le procédé d'injection sur renfort, ont été étudiées. Les propriétés ont été comparées aux propriétés obtenues pour des laminés unidirectionnels croisés équivalents. En général, les propriétés des deux configurations sont comparables. Ceci justifie l'utilisation des propriétés de fibre unidirectionnelle dans une configuration croisée pour simuler le comportement d'un laminé à renfort tissé satin de 5. Les modèles des propriétés de la résine et des fibres ont été ensuite implémentés dans un logiciel d'éléments finis, ABAQUS/COMPRO, afin de prédire l'évolution des propriétés du laminé pendant le procédé d'injection sur renforts. Des fibres optiques à réseaux de Bragg ont été également utilisées pour caractériser expérimentalement les interactions entre le composite et le moule générées pendant le procédé. Les fibres optiques saisirent la séparation entre le composite et le moule pendant le refroidissement. La contrainte
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6

Cooper, David E. (David Edward). "Stresses and deformations in cross-ply composite tubes subjected to circumferential temperature gradients." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45556.

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The stresses and deformations in cross-ply composite tubes subjected in circumferential temperature gradients are studied. The motivation behind the study is the anticipated use of composite tubes in space structures where the tube is exposed to the heat of the sun on one side and the cryogenic temperatures of space on the other. Experiments were performed to measure the functional form of the temperature gradient and the displacements. It was found that the form of the temperature gradient, T(Ɵ), can accurately be represented by T(Ɵ) = A + BcosƟ¸ and that the displacement of the tube is parabolic in the axial coordinate. Two types of analytical solutions were developed: an exact elasticity U solution and an approximate solution. The approximate solution includes a linear variation of the material properties with temperature and uses the principle of complementary virtual work in conjunction with a Ritz approximation on the stress field. The elasticity solution predicts that high tensile stresses could crack the matrix. The effect of including temperature-dependent material properties is to reduce the circumferential dependency of the stresses.


Master of Science
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7

Lindgren, Lars-Erik. "Deformations and stresses in butt-welding of plates : numerical simulation and experimental verification." Doctoral thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Material- och solidmekanik, 1985. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-26528.

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Deformation and stresses in butt-welding of plates were studied. The work includes numerical simulation and experimental verification. The simulations were performed by use of the finite element method. Temperature dependence of material properties and phase transformations were considered. A thermo-elastoplastic material model was used. Plane stress conditions were assumed. Automatic butt-welding of plates without backing needs close tolerances of joint geometry. The thermally induced deformations and stresses are of great importance for joint geometry during welding. Therefore the change of gap width in front of the moving arc has been of special interest in these studies. The residual stresses, which may affect inservice behaviour of welded plates, were also calculated and measured. The tack-welds were found to influence the change in gap width in front of the moving arc. A proper tack-welding procedure is important in order to avoid large changes in gap width during butt-welding. The tack-welds should be made as soon after each other as possible. The sequence in which the tack-welds are made also affect the change in gap width. The gap width increased during the last part of the butt-welding in the simulations performed in this work. This increase was larger for wide plates than for narrow plates. Residual stresses close to the weld were large. The effective stress reached the yield limit of the material in the weld line.
Godkänd; 1985; 20070424 (ysko)
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8

Arafath, Abdul Rahim Ahamed. "Efficient numerical techniques for predicting process-induced stresses and deformations in composite structures." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30707.

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During the last two decades of research work in numerical modelling of autoclave processing of composite structures, several models have been developed ranging from simple one-dimensional elastic to sophisticated three dimensional viscoelastic models. Some of the common problems faced by these numerical models are the non-familiarity of general users with these models, their non-versatility, their inefficiency when running large problems and the interpretation and validation of the results produced by these models. The main objective of this research work is to initiate the development of the next generation process model for autoclave processing of composite structures to address the above problems. This development is carried out by building on the already established knowledge of process modelling within the UBC Composites Group. The developed next generation process model consists of a set of numerical tools which range in complexity from a simple and robust closed-form analytical tool to a more general and adaptive shell-based finite element analysis tool that provides a modeller with a choice depending on the time and cost constraints. According to the developed closed-form solution, the axial stress variation in the thickness direction of a flat composite part varies exponentially with the through-thickness coordinate and its gradient depends on the part material and geometrical properties. It is shown that the process-induced unbalanced moment develops mainly at the initial stages of the curing process where the through-thickness stress gradient is significant. The process-induced effects in a curved part due to the thermal strain mismatch between the part and the tool in the tangential direction is similar to the process-induced effects in a flat part. Apart from the tangential thermal strain mismatch, the radial thermal strain mismatch between the part and the tool also induces stresses in a curved part. These stresses are due to the radial and tangential constraints applied by the tool on the part to conform the part to the tool shape. The unbalanced moment due to these stresses mostly develop at the cool-down portion of the cure cycle when the material is fully cured.
Applied Science, Faculty of
Civil Engineering, Department of
Graduate
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9

Bowles, David Earl. "Micromechanics analysis of space simulated thermal deformations and stresses in continuous fiber reinforced composites." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54496.

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Space simulated thermally induced deformations and stresses in continuous fiber-reinforced composites were investigated with a micromechanics analysis. The investigation focused on two primary areas. First, available explicit expressions for predicting the effective coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE's) for a composite were compared with each other and with a finite element (FE) analysis, developed specifically for this study. Analytical comparisons were made for a wide range of fiber/matrix systems, and predicted values were compared with experimental data. All of the analyses predicted nearly identical values of the axial CTE, α₁, for a given material system, and all of the predictions were in good agreement with the experimental data. Results from the FE analysis, and those from the solution of a generalized plane strain boundary value problem, were in excellent agreement with each other and with the experimental data for the transverse CTE, α₂. Less rigorous formulations were in poor agreement with the experimental data. The second area of investigation focused on the determination of thermally induced stress fields in the individual constituents. Stresses predicted from the FE analysis were compared to those predicted from a closed-from solution to the composite cylinder (CC) model, for two carbon fiber/epoxy composites. A global-local formulation, combining laminated plate theory and FE analysis, was used to determine the stresses in multidirectional laminates. Thermally-induced damage initiation predictions were also made. The type of analysis (i.e. CC or FE) was shown to significantly affect the distributions and magnitudes of the predicted stresses. Thermally-induced matrix stresses increased in absolute value with increasing fiber volume fraction but were not a strong function of fiber properties. Multidirectional [0₂/±θ]s laminates had larger predicted thermally induced matrix stresses than unidirectional ([0]) laminates, and these stresses increased with increasing lamination angle θ. Thermally-induced matrix failure predictions, using a maximum stress failure criterion based on the normal interfacial stress component and the measured transverse lamina strength, were in excellent agreement with experimental data.
Ph. D.
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10

Lin, Yi Han. "A mathematical theory of elastic orthotropic plates in plane strain and axi-symmetric deformations." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27436.

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We present an elastic orthotropic plate theory in plane strain and axisym-metric deformations by first developing their uniform asymptotic expansions of the exact solutions for the basic governing boundary value problems. Then, the establishment of the necessary conditions for decaying states, both explicitly and asymptotically, enables us to determine the outer solution without reference to the inner solution and clarify the precise meaning of the well known St.Venant's principle under the circumstances considered here. The possible existence of corner stress singularities was examined by establishing and solving three transcendental governing equations. By developing a generalized Cauchy type singular integral equation for the plane strain deformation and an integral equation of the second kind for the axi-symmetric deformation and taking the corner stress singularities into consideration, we obtained accurate numerical solutions for all canonical boundary value problems which are needed in the asymptotic necessary conditions for decaying states. Finally, the accuracy of the numerical solutions of canonical boundary value problems and the efficiency of the plate theory were confirmed through the applications of solving two physical problems and comparing with the existing results.
Science, Faculty of
Mathematics, Department of
Graduate
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Книги з теми "Stresses and deformations condition"

1

Patnaik, Surya N. Compatibility conditions of structural mechanics for finite element analysis. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1990.

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2

1934-, Favre R., ed. Concrete structures: Stresses and deformations. London: Chapman and Hall, 1986.

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3

1934-, Favre R., and El-Badry Mamdouh Mohamed 1953-, eds. Concrete structures: Stresses and deformations. 3rd ed. London: Spon Press, 2002.

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4

Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi. Dept. of Civil Engineering. Soil and Rock Engineering Division. Evaluation of stresses and deformations around underground openings. New Delhi: Central Board Irrigation & Power, 1986.

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5

Ieşan, Dorin. Thermoelastic deformations. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic, 1996.

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6

1934-, Favre R. (Renaud), and Elbadry M, eds. Concrete structures: Stresses and deformations : analysis and design for serviceability. 4th ed. London: Taylor & Francis, 2012.

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7

Botvenko, S. I. Ostatochnye napri︠a︡zhenii︠a︡ i deformat︠s︡ii pri izgotovlenii detaleĭ tipa plastin s podkreplenii︠a︡mi: Monografii︠a︡. Irkutsk: Izdatelʹstvo Irkutskogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta, 2012.

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8

IUTAM Symposium (1991 Luleå, Sweden). Mechanical effects of welding: IUTAM Symposium, Luleå, Sweden, 1991. Berlin: New York, 1992.

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9

Samedov, A. M. Deformirovanie i razrushenie konstrukt͡s︡iĭ pri termosilovykh vozdeĭstvii͡a︡kh. Moskva: Stroĭizdat, 1989.

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10

Taboada, José Antonio González. Tensiónes y deformaciónes en materiales elásticos. Santiago de Compostela: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Servicio de Publicacións e Intercambio Científico, 1989.

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Частини книг з теми "Stresses and deformations condition"

1

Rabahi, Abderezak, Belkacem Adim, Selma Chargui, and Tahar Hassaine Daouadji. "Interfacial Stresses in FRP-plated RC Beams: Effect of Adherend Shear Deformations." In Applied Condition Monitoring, 317–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14532-7_33.

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2

Verruijt, Arnold. "Elastic Stresses and Deformations." In An Introduction to Soil Mechanics, 213–17. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61185-3_26.

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3

Shama, Mohamed. "Torsion Warping Deformations and Stresses." In Torsion and Shear Stresses in Ships, 41–64. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14633-6_3.

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4

Skoczeń, Błażej. "Cryogenic Condition, Damage In." In Encyclopedia of Thermal Stresses, 820–31. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2739-7_681.

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5

Kowalski, S. J., and G. Musielak. "Deformations and Stresses in Dried Wood." In Porous Media: Theory and Experiments, 239–48. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4579-4_15.

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6

Godunov, Sergei K., and Evgenii I. Romenskii. "Elementary Properties of Deformations and Stresses." In Elements of Continuum Mechanics and Conservation Laws, 1–69. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-5117-8_1.

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7

Vujosevic, Milena. "Thermally Induced Deformations in Assembly of FCBGA Packages." In Encyclopedia of Thermal Stresses, 5518. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2739-7_284.

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8

Nemat-Nasser, S. "Overall Stresses and Strains in Solids with Microstructure." In Modelling Small Deformations of Polycrystals, 41–64. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4181-6_2.

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9

Chenini, Idris, Youssef Abdelli, and Rachid Nasri. "Displacement Influence on Frequencies and Modal Deformations of a Sandwich Beam." In Applied Condition Monitoring, 541–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14532-7_55.

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10

Blumer, Samuel, Erick Serrano, Per Johan Gustafsson, and Peter Niemz. "Moisture Induced Stresses and Deformations in Parquet Floors." In Delamination in Wood, Wood Products and Wood-Based Composites, 365–78. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9550-3_18.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Stresses and deformations condition"

1

Kwon, Chi-Ho, Ki-Won Lee, and Young-Ho Kim. "Fluid-Structure Interactions Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Models Under the Pulsatile Flow Condition." In ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-2542.

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Abstract Fluid-structure interaction studies were performed on various abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) models under the pulsatile flow condition. Eight aneurysm models were made with four different dilatation sizes and two different wall thickness. Stresses and deformations of the aneurysm wall were significantly affected by the dilatation size as well as the wall thickness. The change in wall thickness increased with the more dilated aneurysm. In spite of considerable radial deformations, axial deformations of the aneurysm wall were dominant. The present study showed the strong possibility to understand fluid-structure interactions in the human cardiovascular system.
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2

Zvorykin, Alexander, Roman Popov, Mykola Bobyr, and Igor Pioro. "Low-Cycle Strength of Elements of Constructions." In 2018 26th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone26-81860.

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Analysis of engineering approach to the operational life forecasting for constructional elements with respect to the low-cycle fatigue is carried out. Applicability limits for a hypothesis on existence of generalized cyclic-deforming diagram in case of complex low-cycle loading (deforming) are shown. It is determined, that under condition of plane-stress state and piecewise-broken trajectories of cycle loading with stresses and deformation checking the cyclic deforming diagram is united in limits of deformations, which are not exceeded 10 values of deformation corresponding material yield point. Generalized kinematic equation of material damageability is described. The method of damageability parameter utilization for increasing of accuracy calculation of structural elements low-cycle fatigue by using the effective coefficients of stresses and deformations taking into account the damageability parameter is given.
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3

Simon, Vilmos V. "Deformations and Stresses in Face-Hobbed Spiral Bevel Gears." In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-47089.

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In this study an attempt is made to predict displacements and stresses in face-hobbed spiral bevel gears by using the finite element method. A displacement type finite element method is applied with curved, 20-node isoparametric elements. A method is developed for the automatic finite element discretization of the pinion and the gear. The full theory of the generation of tooth surfaces of face-hobbed spiral bevel gears is applied to determine the nodal point coordinates on tooth surfaces. The boundary conditions for the pinion and the gear are set automatically as well. A computer program was developed to implement the formulation provided above. By using this program the influence of design parameters and load position on tooth deflections and fillet stresses is investigated. On the basis of the results, obtained by performing a big number of computer runs, by using regression analysis and interpolation functions, equations for the calculation of tooth deflections and fillet stresses are derived.
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4

Han, Wei, and Ryszard J. Pryputniewicz. "Investigations of Thermal Stresses and Deformations in Laser Microwelding Processes." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-43434.

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Laser microwelding has become a significant industrial process, because there are many outstanding advantages in using laser welding as the bonding method over other widely used bonding technologies. As an alternative to the common adhesives or solders used for the joining process, laser welding offers a number of attractive features such as high weld strength to weld size ratio, reliability, and a minimal heat-affected zone (HAZ). These provide the benefits of low heat distortion, a non-contact process, repeatability, and ability to automate. Therefore, the applications of laser microwelding have been broadened, especially in the microelectronic and packaging industry, in recent past decades. Quality of the laser microwelding, however, depends on a number of parameters such as the characteristics of the laser beam, environmental conditions, and properties of the workpiece. Furthermore, the large temperature gradients occur during laser microwelding process leads to a high stress level, and might result in many undesirable phenomena such as the high level of residual stresses in the vicinity of the heat-affected zone (HAZ) that adversely affect the life time of the component. Numerous studies have been performed on the evaluation and prediction of the thermal stresses in laser microwelding process. However, it is very difficult to measure the thermal stresses, and to predict the magnitude and direction of thermal stress/deformation. Therefore, we develop an optical methodology, based on opto-electronic holography (OEH) technique, to measure and evaluate the thermal stresses/deformations non-destructively. In this paper, the system of OEH measurement of the thermal deformation of the laser welds will be described in details, and representative results will be included. In addition, analytical and computational models will also be developed to simulate the temperature field and thermal stresses/deformations in laser microwelding. Continued work will lead to novel measurement system for monitoring the thermal stresses/deformations during the process of laser microwelding, which will help optimizing efficient and effective laser micro-machining processes for applications in microelectronics and packaging.
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5

Avdeev, Ilya V., Mir Z. Shams, and Andrew L. Hastert. "Stress Analysis of Peripheral Stents Using Photogrammetric Deformation Tracking." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-88264.

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Peripheral artery stents are commonly used as an alternative to invasive treatment for atherosclerosis. Design of stents has traditionally relied on structural Finite Element Analysis (FEA). Correct representation of kinematic boundary conditions in FEA models is very important for stent design. Moreover, real-time tracking of stent deformations and subsequent calculations of stresses can be potentially used during the endovascular procedures. The medical imaging data stream can be used for photogrammetric measurements of stent deformations. In this study, a method is proposed to couple FEA stress simulations with real-time image analysis. A customized testing machine was designed and fabricated to apply tension, twisting, and three points bending to various stents. A CCD camera was used to capture stent deflection images at 30 frames per second. Image processing algorithms and code were developed to identify stent boundaries and to measure deformation modes. The obtained deformations were applied as boundary conditions to FEA stent models. Stresses developed at different regions in the stent structure were observed and points of maximum stresses were recorded.
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6

SCHOENHOLZ, CALEB, DANIEL SLADE, ENRICO ZAPPINO, MARCO PETROLO, and NAVID ZOBEIRY. "REPRESENTATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND SIMULATION OF TOOL-PART INTERACTION AND ITS EFFECTS ON PROCESS-INDUCED DEFORMATIONS IN COMPOSITES." In Thirty-sixth Technical Conference. Destech Publications, Inc., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/asc36/35832.

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The interaction between a tool and part during composites processing contributes to the formation of residual stresses and dimensional changes. A resultant mismatch of part geometries during assembly can cause a potential loss of mechanical performance in aerospace structures. Costly shimming steps are needed to compensate for processinduced deformations and satisfy specifications on mechanical performance. Due to difficulties associated with accurate measurement of interfacial shear stresses, current analysis methods fail to represent the interaction between a tool and part throughout processing. A combined approach to represent, characterize, and simulate tool-part interaction and its effects on dimensional changes is proposed. First, a characterization method was established using a custom Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) shear test setup to measure tool-part interfacial stress development in a simulated autoclave curing environment. Tool-part interfacial stresses were characterized for Toray T800S/3900-2 UD prepreg as a function of temperature, degree of cure, strain rate, and tool surface condition. Then, a previously developed numerical model was modified to include the effects of tool-part interaction in predicting dimensional changes of L-shape parts. For validation, composite parts were fabricated on tools with different surface conditions and successfully compared to simulation results. This paper demonstrates that tool-part interaction significantly impacts the spring-in of angled composite parts. The proposed method is a comprehensive and practical approach to study and simulate the effects of tool-part interaction. The results of this paper can be used to understand the complex interaction between a tool and part throughout processing and potentially mitigate processinduced deformations.
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7

Tsai, Hungyu, and Xinjian Fan. "Stress Concentration of Shape Memory Alloy Fiber Reinforced Composites in Elastic Axisymmetric Deformations." In ASME 1999 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1999-0630.

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Abstract In an effort to investigate the mechanical properties of shape memory alloy (SMA) fiber reinforced composites, the stress distribution due to the phase change in the fiber is examined. We study a simple model involving a single infinite fiber embedded in an infinite elastic matrix. A portion of the fiber is allowed to undergo uniform phase transformations along the axial direction while the matrix remains linearly elastic. Under perfect bonding condition, the deformation of the fiber forces the matrix to deform in the elastic regime in order to accommodate the transformation strain. To simplify the analysis, the elasticity of the fiber is ignored. The problem is formulated as axisymmetric deformations for the matrix with a piecewise linear boundary condition at the interface with the fiber as a result of the phase transformation in the fiber. The exact elasticity solution (in integral form) to this problem is found using Love’s stress function and Fourier transform. The normalized forms of the solution are presented. The asymptotic behaviors of the stress distributions near the phase boundary are analyzed in details. The characteristics of the singularities near the phase boundary are obtained for this model. Numerical evaluations are also performed to obtain the distributions of the displacements, the strains, and the stresses in the matrix. In particular, the shear load transfer profiles along the interface are obtained for various aspect ratios of the transformed region.
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8

Krantz, Timothy L., and Robert F. Handschuh. "Gear Tooth Root Stresses of a Very Heavily Loaded Gear Pair: Case Study — Orbiter Body Flap Actuator Pinion and Ring Gear." In ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-46274.

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The space shuttle orbiter’s body flap actuator gearing was assessed as a case study of the stresses for very heavily loaded external-internal gear pairs (meshing pinion and ring gear). For many applications, using the high point of single tooth contact (HPSTC) to locate the position of the tooth force is adequate for assessing the maximum tooth root stress condition. But for aerospace gearing such an approach may be inadequate for assessing the stress condition while also simultaneously minimizing mass. In this work specialized contact analyses and finite element methods were used to study gear tooth stresses of body flap actuator gears. The analytical solutions considered the elastic deformations as an inherent part of the solutions. The ratio for the maximum tooth stresses using the HPSTC approach solutions relative to the contact analysis and finite element solutions were 1.40 for the ring gear and 1.28 for the pinion gear.
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9

Li, Zuoping, Jong-Eun Kim, Jorge E. Alonso, James S. Davidson, and Alan W. Eberhardt. "Contralateral Boundary Conditions Affect the Biomechanical Response of the Pubic Symphysis During Pelvic Side Impacts." In ASME 2007 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2007-175540.

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Clearer understanding of the biomechanics of the pubic symphysis in lateral pelvic impact tests may serve to elucidate the mechanisms of injury in automotive side impacts. While numerous experimental and computational studies have been conducted on the human pelvis, stresses and deformations of the symphysis were never measured, and the role of the boundary conditions supporting the pelvis was not emphasized. The objective of the present study was to develop a biofidelic FE model to investigate the deformations and stresses experienced by the pubic ligaments and interpubic disc under side impact conditions simulating both drop tower experiments and automotive side impacts.
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10

Blyukher, Boris, Jerzy Malachowski, Tadeusz Niezgoda, and Piotr Szurgott. "Numerical Assessment of Pipe Effort in Large Deformed Areas." In ASME 2006 Pressure Vessels and Piping/ICPVT-11 Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2006-icpvt-11-93185.

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The results of numerical simulations of some selected states of loading the pipelines within the non-linear range, with account taken of large displacements and deformations, are described in this paper. Numerical analyses resulted in sizes of deformations, strains and stresses, which further on were used to conduct comparative analysis with results effected by tests carried out on a testing stand under laboratory conditions. At points where the pipeline is supported with pipe bearers, various kinds of dents, folds, ovalisations of the pipeline’s cross-section may occur so that results of numerical simulations enable evaluation of deformation sizes in a real pipeline structure.
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Звіти організацій з теми "Stresses and deformations condition"

1

Spooner, S., and E. B. S. Pardue. Neutron and x-ray scattering studies of the metallurgical condition and residual stresses in Weldalite welds. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/206556.

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2

Thornell, Travis, Charles Weiss, Sarah Williams, Jennifer Jefcoat, Zackery McClelland, Todd Rushing, and Robert Moser. Magnetorheological composite materials (MRCMs) for instant and adaptable structural control. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/38721.

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Magnetic responsive materials can be used in a variety of applications. For structural applications, the ability to create tunable moduli from relatively soft materials with applied electromagnetic stimuli can be advantageous for light-weight protection. This study investigated magnetorheological composite materials involving carbonyl iron particles (CIP) embedded into two different systems. The first material system was a model cementitious system of CIP and kaolinite clay dispersed in mineral oil. The magnetorheological behaviors were investigated by using parallel plates with an attached magnetic accessory to evaluate deformations up to 1 T. The yield stress of these slurries was measured by using rotational and oscillatory experiments and was found to be controllable based on CIP loading and magnetic field strength with yield stresses ranging from 10 to 104 Pa. The second material system utilized a polystyrene-butadiene rubber solvent-cast films with CIP embedded. The flexible matrix can stiffen and become rigid when an external field is applied. For CIP loadings of 8% and 17% vol %, the storage modulus response for each loading stiffened by 22% and 74%, respectively.
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3

Snyder, Victor A., Dani Or, Amos Hadas, and S. Assouline. Characterization of Post-Tillage Soil Fragmentation and Rejoining Affecting Soil Pore Space Evolution and Transport Properties. United States Department of Agriculture, April 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7580670.bard.

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Tillage modifies soil structure, altering conditions for plant growth and transport processes through the soil. However, the resulting loose structure is unstable and susceptible to collapse due to aggregate fragmentation during wetting and drying cycles, and coalescense of moist aggregates by internal capillary forces and external compactive stresses. Presently, limited understanding of these complex processes often leads to consideration of the soil plow layer as a static porous medium. With the purpose of filling some of this knowledge gap, the objectives of this Project were to: 1) Identify and quantify the major factors causing breakdown of primary soil fragments produced by tillage into smaller secondary fragments; 2) Identify and quantify the. physical processes involved in the coalescence of primary and secondary fragments and surfaces of weakness; 3) Measure temporal changes in pore-size distributions and hydraulic properties of reconstructed aggregate beds as a function of specified initial conditions and wetting/drying events; and 4) Construct a process-based model of post-tillage changes in soil structural and hydraulic properties of the plow layer and validate it against field experiments. A dynamic theory of capillary-driven plastic deformation of adjoining aggregates was developed, where instantaneous rate of change in geometry of aggregates and inter-aggregate pores was related to current geometry of the solid-gas-liquid system and measured soil rheological functions. The theory and supporting data showed that consolidation of aggregate beds is largely an event-driven process, restricted to a fairly narrow range of soil water contents where capillary suction is great enough to generate coalescence but where soil mechanical strength is still low enough to allow plastic deforn1ation of aggregates. The theory was also used to explain effects of transient external loading on compaction of aggregate beds. A stochastic forInalism was developed for modeling soil pore space evolution, based on the Fokker Planck equation (FPE). Analytical solutions for the FPE were developed, with parameters which can be measured empirically or related to the mechanistic aggregate deformation model. Pre-existing results from field experiments were used to illustrate how the FPE formalism can be applied to field data. Fragmentation of soil clods after tillage was observed to be an event-driven (as opposed to continuous) process that occurred only during wetting, and only as clods approached the saturation point. The major mechanism of fragmentation of large aggregates seemed to be differential soil swelling behind the wetting front. Aggregate "explosion" due to air entrapment seemed limited to small aggregates wetted simultaneously over their entire surface. Breakdown of large aggregates from 11 clay soils during successive wetting and drying cycles produced fragment size distributions which differed primarily by a scale factor l (essentially equivalent to the Van Bavel mean weight diameter), so that evolution of fragment size distributions could be modeled in terms of changes in l. For a given number of wetting and drying cycles, l decreased systematically with increasing plasticity index. When air-dry soil clods were slightly weakened by a single wetting event, and then allowed to "age" for six weeks at constant high water content, drop-shatter resistance in aged relative to non-aged clods was found to increase in proportion to plasticity index. This seemed consistent with the rheological model, which predicts faster plastic coalescence around small voids and sharp cracks (with resulting soil strengthening) in soils with low resistance to plastic yield and flow. A new theory of crack growth in "idealized" elastoplastic materials was formulated, with potential application to soil fracture phenomena. The theory was preliminarily (and successfully) tested using carbon steel, a ductile material which closely approximates ideal elastoplastic behavior, and for which the necessary fracture data existed in the literature.
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4

Brzoska, Michael, Wuyi Omitoogun, and Elisabeth Sköns. The Human Security Case for Military Expenditure Reductions. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/tmrz9944.

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Global military expenditure has reached record levels. At the same time, hundreds of millions of people face non-traditional ‘vital’ risks and threats to their security—threats to their lives, livelihoods and dignity. Accelerating climate change and growing loss of biodiversity add unprecedented urgency to investing in people’s security. The concept of human security, as explained in this paper, emphasizes the security of people without neglecting the security of states and state order. The human security approach stresses the necessity to balance the financial needs from all vital risks and threats, regardless of their cause. It logically leads to a reassessment of spending on the military. It also seriously considers the fear that reducing military expenditure will reduce the security of states, a major barrier to past international initiatives to reduce military expenditure. As a first step to initiate the rebalancing, this paper proposes three priority fields of activity to free resources from military spending: (a) arms control and disarmament negotiations and agreements; (b) sector-wide security sector reform for conflict prevention; and (c) financial responsibility in military expenditure and arms procurement. These can be taken without impairing the security of states and state order. If successful, these steps would remove barriers to further military expenditure reductions to improve the human condition in an increasingly dangerous Anthropocene.
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5

INVESTIGATION OF BEHAVIOR OF INTERIOR STEEL CONNECTIONS WITH OPENINGS IN BEAM WEB AND FLANGE UNDER MONOTONIC LOADING. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/ijasc.2021.17.4.2.

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Connections are considered to be one of the most prominent components of steel moment frames and have received studious attention in recent years. The core problem of welded connections is premature brittle fracture of weld in the critical beam-to-column connection region. Within the framework of this issue, various approaches have been proposed to solve the mentioned problem. Intentional weakening of the beam web or flange is in line with the purpose of leading the plastic hinge away from the column face, hence, increasing the ductility. The aim of this research is to investigate the behavior of interior connections subjected to monotonic lateral loading in case of presence of openings in beam web or flange. To do so, an ordinary fully welded rigid connection, reduced beam section, reduced web section, and drilled flange connection models are simulated numerically, utilizing finite element software, ANSYS. The results indicate that scrupulous selection of opening sizes are of great importance to fulfill the desired outcome which is avoiding the brittle failure of connections. Furthermore, the use of drilled flange, reduced beam section, or reduced web section connections satisfy the expected performance and it is proposed to use them according to practicability, architectural and economic considerations as well as site conditions. Shear deformation and local buckling is observed in reduced web section connections while in drilled flange connections, stress concentration around the opening is critical.
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