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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Streak employment"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 5 жовтня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Streak employment"

Sahabuddin, Zainal Abidin. "CONTRIBUTION OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF CACAO BEANS TO ELEVATING EMPLOYMENT, WELFARE OF SOCIETY AND FOOD SECURITY IN SOPPENG, WEST SULAWESI." Jurnal Pertahanan: Media Informasi ttg Kajian & Strategi Pertahanan yang Mengedepankan Identity, Nasionalism & Integrity 6, no. 2 (August 11, 2020): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.33172/jp.v6i2.716.

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The selection of seeds is the first step to get focused to increase cacao production. Providing seeds with quality is vital from not only the quantity but also the ability to produce. This research wants to analyze the government contribution to the potential Cacao seeds in Soppeng in order to enlarge the working opportunity, increase the people's welfare, and ensuring food security, as well as to identify the impending factors. To achieve these intentions, furthermore, qualitative research procedures stand applied. The data get collected through observations, interviews, and documentation. Based on the analysis, this study finds that the budget of the local government for providing seeds cannot cover society's demands. Moreover, the impending factors are the financial limitations of farmers and pests and vascular streak dieback.

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Liu, Guofu, and Björn Ahl. "Recent Reform of the Chinese Employment-stream Migration Law Regime." China and WTO Review 4, no. 2 (September 30, 2018): 215–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.14330/cwr.2018.4.2.01.

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Pyra, Justyna. "Stream of Consciousness and Polyphony in William Faulkner’s Novels The Sound and the Fury and Absalom, Absalom! An Attempt at Synthesis." Tekstualia 1, no. 44 (January 4, 2016): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.4189.

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The article applies Robert Humphrey’s analysis of the narrative mode of stream of consciousness to William Faulkner’s novels The Sound and the Fury and Absalom, Absalom! It discusses Faulkner’s uses of different types of stream of consciousness and his presumed purposes behind the employment this narrative mode. Unlike some other modernist writers, who treated stream of consciousness as a literary experiment, Faulkner developed it into a complex narrative mode.

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Abed, Ghassan A., Mahamod Ismail, and Kasmiran Jumari. "Distinguishing Employment of Stream Control Transmission Protocol over LTE-Advanced Networks." Research Journal of Information Technology 3, no. 4 (April 1, 2011): 207–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/rjit.2011.207.214.

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Pfeiffer, Friedhelm, and Winfried Pohlmeier. "Income, Uncertainty and the Probability of Self-Employment." Recherches économiques de Louvain 58, no. 3-4 (1992): 265–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0770451800044079.

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SummaryThis paper aims at investigating the determinants of self- employment within a structural model of discrete choice under uncertainty. The basic idea of our approach centres around Knight's (1921) famous view of entrepreneurs receiving risk-adjusted income that has to exceed the income of employees because of the greater variance of the income stream. Unlike previous econometric approaches, which use reduced form specifications that are more or less based on ad-hoc reasoning, we derive a choice equation of which the parameters have a clear interpretation in terms of the parameters of the underlying von Neumann-Morgenstern utility function. The specification allows to identify how the difference in income risk between wage-employment and self- employment enters the choice equation without approximating the risk difference via a reduced form specification. The model is estimated using a random effects panel probit estimator with unrestricted autocorrelation structure. Estimates are based on a balanced panel of 1,926 working men selected from the West German Socio-Economic Panel 1984 to 1989.

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Carter, Susan B., and Richard Sutch. "Myth of the Industrial Scrap Heap: A Revisionist View of Turn-of-the-Century American Retirement." Journal of Economic History 56, no. 1 (March 1996): 5–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050700016004.

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Using the census survival method to calculate net flows across employment states between 1900 and 1910, we find that approximately one-fifth of all men who reached the age of 55 eventually retired before death. Many of these retirees appear to have planned their withdrawal from paid employment by accumulating assets, becoming self-employed, and then liquidating their assets to provide a stream of income to finance consumption in old age. This “modern” retirement behavior has important implications for the economic history of capital and labor markets, of saving and investment, of insurance and pensions, and of the family economy.

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Xu, Sibo. "A study on graduation diversion of college students based on LDA model." Advances in Engineering Technology Research 11, no. 1 (July 18, 2024): 831. http://dx.doi.org/10.56028/aetr.11.1.831.2024.

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The significance of college students' graduation diversion is to effectively adjust the talent structure and improve the efficiency of social resource allocation. In this paper, firstly, through text mining, the diversion direction is divided into three parts, namely,taking Postgraduate Entrance Examination,get postgraduate recommendation and employment, and python is used to crawl the relevant comments on microblogging about graduation diversion. Then, the crawled text is applied the jieba library to split words. Then, the LDA topic model was applied to model the participle results, and a total of 11, 21 and 23 numbers were obtained for employment, postgraduate recommendation and Postgraduate Entrance Examination respectively. From the results of the model, it can be seen that college students choose to take Postgraduate Entrance Examination in the current graduation stream, and the number of getting postgraduate recommendation and employment is small. This suggests that the government should intervene in the employment environment, and it also suggests that college students should multitask simultaneously.

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Krishnaiah, Vinutha, and Yogisha Hullukere Kadegowda. "Undergraduate engineering students employment prediction using hybrid approach in machine learning." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 12, no. 3 (June 1, 2022): 2783. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v12i3.pp2783-2791.

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The knowledge discovery from student’s data can be very useful in predicting the employment under different categories. The machine learning is helping in this regard up to the great extent. In this paper, a hybrid model of machine learning has proposed to predict the jobs categories, students may get in their campus placement. The considered groups of students are from undergraduate courses from engineering stream having the semester’s scheme in their academic. The mapping of jobs has predicted based on their previous seven semesters marks as well as their personality index. The proposed hybrid model consists of three different model based on multilayer feed forward architecture, radial basis function neural network and K-means based clustering method. The proposed model provided the relative chances of available each job category with high accuracy and consistency.

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Khattab, Nabil. "Have British Jews fully assimilated in the UK Labour Market?" International and Multidisciplinary Journal of Social Sciences 4, no. 2 (July 30, 2015): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.17583/rimcis.2015.1490.

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This paper analyses the patterns of occupational attainment and earnings among the Jewish community in Britain using UK Labour Force Survey data (2002-2010). The findings suggest that although British-Jews cannot be distinguished from the majority main stream population of British-White in terms of their overall occupational attainment and earnings, it seems that they have managed to integrate through patterns of self-employment and concentration in the service sector economy, particularly in banking and financial services. It is argued that this self-employment profile is a Jewish strategy used to minimise dependency on majority group employers and by doing so to helping to escape any religious penalties.

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Malik, Ishfaq Ahmad, and Ajaz Ahmad Rather. "Deteriorating agriculture: it's reasons and impacts on socio-economic profile of J&K state." Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development 7, no. 8 (March 9, 2018): 149–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.18488/journal.1005/2017.7.8/1005.8.149.159.

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In terms of dependence on livelihoods and employment, the state of Jammu and Kashmir can be considered as agrarian, hence the overwhelming majority of the people live in rural areas. There are many reasons that have led to a dwindling share of GDP of the sector at a time when it should have retained its role given large proportion of people depending on it. These include: Reduction in public expenditure in the sector after reforms, decrease in agricultural land due to conversion, lack of appropriate irrigation facilities, and acute lack of infrastructure, lack of quality pesticides, occasional flooding, and lack of research. This imbalance between production and employment has resulted into compromised socio-economic profile of the state which includes: Low per capita income, compromised Food security, large Capital outflow, and Low employment. Therefore, in a bid to arrest any further deterioration in its socioeconomic profile, it is imperative for the state to initiate a stream of measures that will enhance the productivity in the sector and safeguard it from undue competition from abroad.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Streak employment"

Celep, Muhittin. "Τransitiοn dans les cοuches limites supersοniques : simulatiοns numériques directes et cοntrôle par stries". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NORMIR15.

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Dans les écoulements à haute vitesse, une traînée visqueuse élevée et des charges thermiques importantes sont des conséquences inhérentes sur les corps aérodynamiques. Ces effets augmentent de manière significative pendant la phase de transition lorsque la couche limite devient turbulente. Afin de réduire les risques de dommages mécaniques et de défaillances liées à la fatigue, des systèmes de protection thermique sont intégrés aux véhicules, ajoutant de la complexité aux aspects techniques et économiques de la conception. La solution réside dans l’acquisition d’une compréhension approfondie des mécanismes de transition et le développement de systèmes de contrôle pour prolonger la couche limite laminaire le long de la surface du véhicule. De nombreuses techniques de contrôle actives et passives peuvent être utilisées pour le contrôle de la transition, parmi lesquelles la méthode de l’emploi de stries émerge comme une approche particulièrement prometteuse. Cette méthode consiste à générer des stries étroitement espacées dans la direction de l’envergure, créant des zones alternées de haute et basse vitesse dans le champ d’écoulement. Bien que la méthode ait été testée récemment dans des écoulements supersoniques, démontrant son efficacité pour retarder la transition, sa pertinence doit être évaluée plus avant. Dans ce travail de recherche, des cas de DNS sont réalisés dans des régimes supersoniques et près-hypersoniques. Les stries sont introduites à l’aide d’une bande de soufflage/aspiration placée sur la paroi avant celle de la perturbation qui est utilisée pour déclencher la transition de manière “contrôlée”, forcée par une perturbation à une seule fréquence et longueur d’onde. L’enquête à Mach 2.0 confirme que les stries avec cinq fois la longueur d’onde fondamentale sont les plus bénéfiques pour le contrôle de la transition. De plus, le refroidissement améliore l’efficacité de la méthode, tandis que le chauffage détériore considérablement la capacité de contrôle des stries. La condition murale isotherme n’altère pas l’impact stabilisateur comparable de la déformation du flux moyen (DFM) et de la partie 3D du contrôle à Mach 2.0. Cependant, à Mach 4.5, tant le type d’instabilité que les caractéristiques des stries changent de manière significative. L’impact stabilisateur de la DFM devient presque absent, et la partie 3D du contrôle prédomine, les caractéristiques des stries n’étant plus considérées comme indépendantes de leur amplitude de perturbation initiale
In high-speed flows, elevated viscous drag and thermal loads are inherent outcomes over aerodynamic bodies. These effects escalate substantially during the transition phase when the boundary layer becomes turbulent. To mitigate potential mechanical damage and fatigue-related failures, thermal protection systems are integrated into vehicles, adding complexity to the technical and economic aspects of design. The solution lies in gaining a comprehensive understanding of transition mechanisms and developing control systems to prolong laminar boundary layer along the vehicle’s surface. Numerous active and passive control techniques can be employed for transition control, with the streak employment method emerging as a particularly promising approach. This method involves generating narrowly spaced streaks in the spanwise direction, creating alternating high and low-speed regions in the flow field. Although the method has only recently been tested in supersonic flows, demonstrating its effectiveness in delaying transition, its suitability needs to be assessed further. In this research work, direct numerical simulations are performed in supersonic and near-hypersonic regimes. Streaks are introduced through a blowing/suction strip placed at the wall prior to that of the perturbation which is used to trigger transition in a “controlled” fashion, forced by a single frequency and wavenumber disturbance. The investigation at Mach 2.0 confirms that streaks with five times the fundamental wavenumber are most beneficial for transition control. Additionally, cooling enhances the method’s effectiveness, while heating severely deteriorates the capability of control streaks. The isothermal wall condition does not alter the comparable stabilizing impact of the mean flow deformation (MFD) and the 3-D part of the control at Mach 2.0. However, at Mach 4.5, both the type of instability and the characteristics of the streaks change significantly. The stabilizing impact of the MFD becomes nearly absent, and the 3-D part of the control predominates, with the characteristics of the streaks no longer considered independent of their initial disturbance amplitude

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Hondros, James Constantine. "Implementing National Disability Service Standards: What Street Level Bureaucrats Exercise Discretion for in the Provision of Employment Services." Thesis, Griffith University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365545.

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The purpose of this thesis is to interpret the use of discretion to deliver public service in public interest. The research question to guide this purpose is, what do street-level bureaucrats use discretion for to implement disability service standards in Australia? Lipsky (1976) proposed that given their discretionary power, people on the front-line representing government (termed ‘street-level bureaucrats’) through daily people processing action on the front-line significantly affect policy outcomes. To implement social policy, a qualitative based method has been used to emphasize both intended and unintended consequences to front-line discretion. As a case, the street-level bureaucrats in disability employment services participated in semi-structured interviews and assisted this thesis design and provide the grounds to interpreting what it means to implement social policy in public interest today. By asking the question what is discretion used for, it is with the intention to uncover the meaning of public benefit, deep-rooted in service delivery. It is argued a street-level bureaucrat determines the meaning for citizen-consumer experience from standards in the legislation, and in so doing this, will highlight the ambiguity experienced in service delivery between state-agent or citizen-agent understanding surrounding ‘public interest’ and ‘public service’. The foundation on which the nature, amount and quality of benefits and sanctions, to assist people with a disability into sustainable employment, still rests with new street-level bureaucrats rather than the state initiative. Outcomes of service delivery rest on, in part, the use of discretion by street-level bureaucrats. This thesis disagrees with the state-agent ideal whereby particular outcomes that are unintended or unanticipated by those responsible for setting policy objectives (government) can be explained by the discretion of street-level bureaucrats.
Thesis (Masters)
Master of Philosophy (MPhil)
Griffith Business School
Griffith Business School
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Wright, Sharon Elizabeth. "Confronting unemployment in a street-level bureaucracy : jobcentre staff and client perspectives." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/259.

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This thesis presents an account of the roles played by social actors in the implementation of unemployment policy in the UK. Lipsky’s (1980) theory of street-level bureaucracy has been adopted, updated to the contemporary context of the managerial state (Clarke & Newman, 1997) and developed in the specific case of the Jobcentre. The analysis is based on data collected during an ethnographic investigation of one case study Jobcentre office in Central Scotland. The methods consisted of six months of direct observation, interviews with 48 members of Jobcentre staff, semi-structured interviews with 35 users and analysis of notified vacancies and guidance documents. The argument is that front-line workers re-create policy as they implement it. They do so in reaction to a series of influences, constraints and incentives. Users therefore receive a service that is a modified version of the official policy. Users do not necessarily accept the policy that they are subjected to. They do not identify with the new managerialist notion of customer service because as benefit recipients they are denied purchasing power, choice and power. Unemployment policy is not delivered uniformly or unilaterally because front-line staff are active in developing work habits that influence the outcomes of policy. Policy is accomplished by staff in practice by categorising users into client types. This is significant because staff represent the state to the citizen in their interaction. Users are also active in accomplishing policy, whether they conform with, contest, negotiate or co-produce policy. Understanding what unemployment policy actually is, and what it means to people, depends on understanding these social processes by which policy emerges in practice.

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Wallman, Heléne, and Gabriela Movileanu. "Arbetsförmedlare mellan uppdrag och verklighet : En kvalitativ studie om arbetsförmedlares handlingsutrymme." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för socialt arbete (SA), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-31620.

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This is a study about employment officers at the Swedish public employment service. The aim of this study was to examine how they understand and use their discretion in their daily work. We used a qualitative method and the data was gathered by semi-structured interviews with eight employment officers working at the same office in a small town in Sweden. Lipskys theory about street-level bureaucracy and Lazarus description of coping theory are applied to analyze the empirical data. The work for the Swedish employment officers have changed over the last years with an increasing focus on control and administration. The results from the study show that the employment officers considered that they have a freedom of action in their daily work about planning their meetings, but all of them thinks that the administration, and the fact that they have to handle too many unemployed means that they are lack of time, what leads to a negative impact on their discretion. All of the interviewed subjects indicated that the Swedish public employment service has a top-down organization. We found that the informants used a unified strategy to cope dilemmas by referring to the existing laws, both when they handled disgruntled unemployed and even as a way to cope their own liable situations. They could interpret the laws in different ways and they took help from the colleagues at the local office to decide how to interpret the laws. Even if dilemma was common in their work with the unemployed, they considered that their mission to control was mainly positive. The main reasons, to how the employment officers margin for manoeuvre are limited, appears to be the laws, the regulations and the available efforts for the unemployed.

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Levy, McCanna Karen S. "Employer Perceptions When Applying Criminal History Information to the Hiring Process." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7401.

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In recent years, the state of Illinois has joined the "ban the box" movement which typically prohibits employers from inquiring about a prospective employee's criminal history until it has been determined whether the candidate meets the core qualifications for the position. Little, however, is known whether this legislative change has impacted how private employers use criminal history information and to what extent knowledge of criminal history impacts final hiring decisions. Using Kingdon's policy streams concept as a guide, the purpose of this general qualitative study was to understand whether implementation of "ban the box" principles impacts final hiring decisions. Data were collected through interviews with 27 hiring authorities in the state of Illinois. These data were transcribed, inductively coded, and then subjected to a thematic analysis procedure. Findings revealed that when previously convicted applicants were hired for positions, the most common reasons were noted as the quality and presentation of the candidate during the interview, possession of relevant job-related skills, and the candidate appeared remorseful of past behavior. When candidates were rejected by employers, it was most commonly because of a perceived nexus between the convicting offense and essential job requirements. Implications for positive social change include recommendations policy makers to consider future policy development that focuses on balancing the positive consequences of successful offender reentry with concern for public safety. Doing so may encourage lower recidivism and prosocial behavior including improved employment sustainability for those convicted of crimes, thereby promoting overall public safety objectives.

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Porras, Santanilla Laura Cecilia. "“Viviendo del Rebusque:” A Study of How Law Affects Street Rebuscadores in Bogotá." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/37305.

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In the last decades, scholars from different disciplines, ranging from economy to law, have tried to better identify and target the working poor in order to provide them with legal protection. Some have referred to categories such as ‘non-standard or precarious forms of employment,’ ‘informal labor’ and ‘popular economy’ to refer to the working poor. My dissertation questions those categories and their ability to target the workers most in need, as well as their underlying assumptions that the activities of the working poor are not regulated by law, but rather fall into a legal vacuum. Using both qualitative and quantitative methodologies, I conducted research with one group of vulnerable workers (whom I refer to as street rebuscadores) in Bogotá (Colombia) to answer two main questions: 1) how can we better target and characterize the social grouping to whom the most vulnerable segment of the working poor in Bogotá belongs? 2) How do both State and non-State legal regimes, such as constitutional law, labour law and derecho de policía, interact to influence the productive strategies of the most vulnerable workers in Bogotá? Following Bourdieu’s theory of practice, I found that street rebuscadores constitute the most vulnerable segment of the working poor in a city deeply segregated by class, that they share a similar volume and composition of overall capital (or habitus) and that they share similar practices associated with that habitus. Following a legal pluralist approach, I also concluded that as a social group engaging in regulatory activities, street rebuscadores are situated in a semi-autonomous social field generating internal normative rules, but that is also vulnerable to rules from the larger social matrix in which it is situated. Within that semi-autonomous social field, the vulnerability of street rebuscadores is legally constructed and accentuated by the State, and existing regulatory frameworks are perpetuating and reproducing their condition, although not without resistance.

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Quach, Jasmine. "En kvalitativ studie om hur arbetsförmedlare hanterar mångfalden bland nyanlända flyktingar i etableringsuppdraget." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för socialt arbete (SA), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-49436.

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The purpose of this study is to investigate/evaluate how employment officers handle the refugees who have different backgrounds and therefore different conditions for entering the labour market. Semi-structured interview was used and a total of seven employment officers participated and the result shows that all the participants experienced cultural clashes in their work. Everyone has their own way for solving this issue, for example to inform the clients how the employment officer works or helping the clients with their issues and questions. The aspects of ethnicity and gender are important especially for female clients during conversation for establishment since the living conditions between the genders are not always equally. Depending on the clients individually qualifications the employment officers will decide how to help the clients. Furthermore, the employment officers considered that those efforts offered to the clients are sufficient. However, establishment within two years is hard to achieve, especially for clients who are illiterates and women who have been housewives their whole life. The result should be interpreted with caution due to the few participants.

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Kängström, Ulrica. "Funktionsnedsättningskod hos Arbetsförmedlingen – en analys av en arbetsmarknadspolitisk konstruktion." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för socialt arbete (SA), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-58102.

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Ramires, Francisco José. "Severinos na metrópole: a negação do trabalho na cidade de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2002. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8132/tde-19072002-105048/.

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Um grande mercado informal se estende por ruas e praças. Em São Paulo, milhares de homens e mulheres vendem todos tipos de mercadorias para sobreviver. Na sociedade brasileira, a desigual distribuição de educação, cultura, habitação, saúde, etc., assim como a migração e as novas transformações que ocorrem no processo e organização do trabalho, engendram uma combinação perversa, cuja principal causa/conseqüência é o desrespeito ao direito ao trabalho. A leitura e análise de livros e textos acadêmicos, e das entrevistas sobre as experiências de trabalho de camelôs revelam a formação da sociedade brasileira como uma história da (re)produção de indignas condições de vida.
A great informal market extends for streets and squares. In São Paulo, thousands of men and women sell all kinds of goods to survive. In Brazilian society, the unequal distribution of education, culture, houses, wealth and so on, as well as the migration and new transformations that occur to working process and organisation, engender a devilish combination, whose main cause/consequence is the disrespect to the right-to-work. The reading and analysis of academic books and texts, and interviews about street peddlers working experiences reveal the making of Brazilian society as a history of (re)production of unworthy life conditions.

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Hsu, Chih-Yung, and 徐智勇. "A Study of Employment Status and Job Satisfaction of Street Performers with Visual Impairments." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/63665360251320033643.

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Анотація:

碩士
國立臺南大學
特殊教育學系碩士在職專班
102
This study investigated the employment status and job satisfaction of street performers with visual impairments and differences in their job satisfaction across background variables. The research instrument was a self-developed “Questionnaire on Employment Status and Job Satisfaction of Street Performers with Visual Impairments”. The questionnaire was administered to 37 domestic street performers with visual impairments. Data were analyzed using methods including frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test. The main findings were as follows: 1. Street performance was a part-time job for most of the street performers with visual impairments. Few of them had received employment services, and most of them had to rely on assistance of others at work. 2. Most street performers with visual impairments provided popular musical performances solo at multiple places. Their income mainly came from rewards offered by the audience and was slightly higher than the basic wage. 3. Street performers with visual impairments reported a high degree of overall job satisfaction. They showed a high degree of satisfaction in value identification and professional achievement dimensions but a lower but still moderate level of satisfaction in income, welfare, and environmental support dimensions. 4. Job satisfaction of street performers with visual impairments differed across background variables: 1.Street performers with visual impairments under 30 of age showed higher satisfaction with income, welfare, and environmental support than those above 31 of age. 2.Street performers with congenital visual impairments showed significantly higher overall satisfaction and satisfaction with professional achievement than those with acquired visual impairments. 3.Street performers with visual impairments who had not gone through orientation training showed significantly higher satisfaction with professional achievement than those who had. Finally, based on the research results, this study provided suggestions to education, labor, social authorities, street performers with visual impairments and further studies.

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Книги з теми "Streak employment"

Inc, Apogee Research, United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Water Programs Branch, and Institute for Water Resources (U.S.), eds. Analyzing employment effects of stream restoration investments. [Washington, DC]: Water Programs Branch, Office of Policy, Planning, and Evaluation, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1994.

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Inc, Apogee Research, United States. Environmental Protection Agency., Institute for Water Resources (U.S.), and Federal Infrastructure Strategy Program, eds. Analyzing employment effects of stream restoration investments. [Washington, D.C.]: EPA, 1994.

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S, Rajakutty, and National Institute of Rural Development (India), eds. Experiences in implementation of innovative employment programmes (III stream JRY). Hyderabad, India: National Institute of Rural Development, 1998.

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D. B. J. van Koningsveld. VUT, nu en straks. Assen: Van Gorcum, 1988.

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Maggie, Alexander, and London Hazards Centre, eds. Hard labour: Stress, ill-health and hazardous employment practices. London: London Hazards Centre, 1994.

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Office, International Labour, International Labour Organisation. Sectoral Activities Programme., and Tripartite Meeting on the Conditions of Employment and Work of Journalists (1990 : Geneva, Switzerland), eds. Conditions of employment and work of journalists. Geneva: The Office, 1990.

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Naliwaiko, Alja. The bag boys: Nakasero market boys. [Kampala, Uganda]: Makerere Institute of Social Research, 1990.

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Barnett, Rosalind C. Positive spillover effects from job to home: A closer look. Wellesley, MA: Wellesley College, Center for Research on Women, 1991.

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Gatto, Rex P. Controlling stress in the workplace: How you handle what happens. Amsterdam: Pfeiffer & Co., 1993.

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Torres, Amaryllis Tiglao. Profiles of disadvantaged children: Street children in six Philippine cities. Diliman, Quezon City: Office of Research Coordination, University of the Philippines, 1996.

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Частини книг з теми "Streak employment"

Cohen, Patricia, Jim Johnson, Selma A. Lewis, and Judith S. Brook. "Single Parenthood and Employment Double Jeopardy?" In Stress Between Work and Family, 117–32. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2097-3_6.

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Coletto, Diego. "Ambulantes and Camelôs (The Street Vendors)." In The Informal Economy and Employment in Brazil, 97–150. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230113992_3.

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Holland, Melissa L., Stephen E. Brock, Taylor Oren, and Maciel van Eckhardt. "Introduction to Burnout and Trauma-Related Employment Stress." In Burnout and Trauma Related Employment Stress, 1–16. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83492-0_1.

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Holland, Melissa L., Stephen E. Brock, Taylor Oren, and Maciel van Eckhardt. "Commitment: Values and Professional Goal Setting." In Burnout and Trauma Related Employment Stress, 69–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83492-0_5.

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Holland, Melissa L., Stephen E. Brock, Taylor Oren, and Maciel van Eckhardt. "Introduction to Acceptance and Commitment Practices." In Burnout and Trauma Related Employment Stress, 17–32. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83492-0_2.

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Holland, Melissa L., Stephen E. Brock, Taylor Oren, and Maciel van Eckhardt. "Mindfulness and Acceptance Practices." In Burnout and Trauma Related Employment Stress, 33–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83492-0_3.

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Holland, Melissa L., Stephen E. Brock, Taylor Oren, and Maciel van Eckhardt. "Organizational Strategies for Addressing Burnout and Trauma-Related Employment Stress." In Burnout and Trauma Related Employment Stress, 85–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83492-0_6.

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Holland, Melissa L., Stephen E. Brock, Taylor Oren, and Maciel van Eckhardt. "Defusion and Cognitive Techniques." In Burnout and Trauma Related Employment Stress, 57–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83492-0_4.

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Holland, Melissa L., Stephen E. Brock, Taylor Oren, and Maciel van Eckhardt. "Assessment, Resources, and Conclusion." In Burnout and Trauma Related Employment Stress, 99–107. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83492-0_7.

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Isaakyan, Irina. "Global Elite Migrations: Mobility, Agency and Networks." In IMISCOE Research Series, 21–46. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-67833-2_2.

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AbstractToday more than ever before, we are witnessing complex trajectories of global elite migrations as illuminated by a rapidly increasing stream of elite niched professionals trying to develop their elitist careers abroad. Building their second home at destination, global elite migrants sustain the transnational and highly visible nature of their politically eminent work through their global employment. Their list consists of migrating business executives, athletes, fashion models, actors and artists including ballet dancers and opera singers. Through their migration, transnational employment and integration, they continuously make a global impact by shaping public tastes and values and enriching the world economics.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Streak employment"

Peng, Yuanzhen. "The Employment of the Stream of Consciousness in Munro's Amundsen." In International Conference on Humanities and Social Science 2016. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/hss-26.2016.53.

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Östergren, Per-Olof, Theo Bodin, Catarina Canivet, and Susanna Toivanen. "S09-3 Precarious employment, financial stress and mental health." In Occupational Health: Think Globally, Act Locally, EPICOH 2016, September 4–7, 2016, Barcelona, Spain. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2016-103951.295.

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LOSÎI, Elena. "Experiencing occupational stress in employment in the educational system." In Învățământul superior: tradiţii, valori, perspective. "Ion Creanga" State Pedagogical University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46727/c.29-30-09-2023.p173-184.

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Stress has become an indispensable part of our lives. Environmental demands are constantly rising and are affecting all spheres, including work. The activity of employees in the education system is far from easy. Not everyone manages to adapt to new changes, to the challenges of reality and hence the stress that affects their quality of life and professional performance. This article reflects the results of an experimental study undertaken on 90 employees in the education system, aged between 20 – 72 years, from early education institutions, theoretical gymnasiums and high schools in urban and rural areas. According to this research, 42.2% of education system employees have a high level of stress, while 3.3% experience an intense level. Teachers from preschool and high school institutions are the ones most affected by stress, while employees in middle institutions show a lower level of occupational stress.

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Zunqi Yang, Hai Lin, Huijun Jiao, Shushu Shi, and Xiaoyu Liu. "Analysis on graduate student employment stress after financial crisis investigating on Tianjin polytechnic students." In 2010 2nd International Conference on Information Science and Engineering (ICISE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icise.2010.5691324.

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Retegi, Jabier, Dorleta Ibarra, and Juan Ignacio Igartua. "Exploring a Methodological Approach to Assessing the Potential Impact of the Implementation of Circular Economy Strategies on Regional Economies Through Environmentally Extended Input–Output Tables." In 19th International Scientific Conference on Industrial Systems. Faculty of Technical Sciences, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24867/is-2023-vp1.1-9_01641.

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This article is part of a research stream that aims to evaluate the impact of circular economy policies on greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction and the industrial structure of specific regions. Building upon previous research that generates a linear representation of GHG emissions along industrial value chains using environmentally extended input–output tables and employment data pertaining to the region’s industrial structure, the study analyses GHG emissions and employment in a three-dimensional space defined by the following axes: 1) productive sectors as homogeneous blocks of the market and technologies/products, 2) value chains as a set of interrelated and dependent activities involved in circular economy implementation and 3) the position of emissions in the value chain. The employed methodology aims to provide a framework to characterise both productive sectors and value chains, offering valuable insights into emission and employment dynamics. This approach facilitates a comprehensive understanding of the potential implications of circular economy initiatives on the overall structure of regional economies.

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Zhao, He, Sun Yan, and Liu Xiaoyang. "The Relationship Among Cognitive Appraisal, Psychological Control, Social Support and Employment Stress in University Students." In 2018 9th International Conference on Information Technology in Medicine and Education (ITME). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itme.2018.00155.

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Pakhomov, A. N., E. V. Zibarev, and A. V. Tokarev. "MODERN APPROACHES TO EMPLOYEES’ OCCUPATIONAL STRESS RISKS DEVELOPMENT ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT." In The 17th «OCCUPATION and HEALTH» Russian National Congress with International Participation (OHRNC-2023). FSBSI «IRIOH», 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/978-5-6042929-1-4-2023-1-357-360.

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The article deals with the classification of occupational stress, evaluation criteria and algorithm for the formation of risk groups for the development of occupational stress in employees based on the results of a hygienic assessment of the intensity of the labor process and related factors of working conditions, the significance of factors of injury and accident risk, the state of occupational safety and the psychosocial environment in the workplace, taking into account individual data of physiological and clinical laboratory medical examinations, on the basis of which recommendations are being developed on measures of prevention, correction, treatment, rehabilitation and employment of employees, expert issues are being resolved, including professional suitability.

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Huang, H. M., S. D. Liu, and S. Jiang. "Stress and Strain Histories of Multiple Bending-Unbending Springback Process." In ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-1856.

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Abstract A drawbead model with sheet metal passing through multiple bending-unbending processes was employed in this study to understand the springback phenomenon and to develop a numerical simulation technique for more accurate prediction of the springback process. The deformation process is simulated using an implicit Finite Element Modeling code. The predicted results were compared with the physically measured ones, including clamping and restraining forces, thickness strains and the curvatures of the deformed sheets. Consideration of the Bauschinger effect and employment of a combined isotropic and kinematic hardening models greatly improve the prediction accuracy. Stress and strain histories under various conditions during the drawing process are studied in detail in an attempt to provide a better basis for comparison for dynamic explicit solutions.

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Soares, João S., Trung B. Le, Fotis Sotiropoulos, and Michael S. Sacks. "Simulation of the Role of Oscillatory Shear Stress on Mesenchymal Stem Cell Proliferation and Extracellular Matrix Production in Engineered Heart Valve Tissue Formation." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14180.

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Living tissue engineered heart valves (TEHV) may circumvent ongoing problems in pediatric valve replacements, offering optimum hemodynamic performance and the potential for growth, remodeling, and self-repair [1]. TEHV have been constructed by seeding vascular-derived autologous cells onto biodegradable scaffolds and exhibited enhanced extracellular matrix (ECM) development when cultured under pulsatile flow conditions in-vitro [2]. After functioning successfully for up to 8 months in the pulmonary circulation of growing lambs, TEHV underwent extensive in vivo remodeling and structural evolution and have demonstrated the feasibility of engineering living heart valves in vitro [3]. The employment of novel cell sources, which are clinically obtainable in principle such as bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), is key to achieve viable clinical application [4].

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Al-Nuaimi, Mounyah Waiel, Ranin Abidi, Banan Mukhalalati, Alla El-Awaisi, Ahmed Awaisu, Mohhamed Diab, and Fatima Mraiche. "An Examination of the Employment Preparedness, Job Satisfaction, and Impact in the Workplace of Qatar University Pharmacy Alumni: A Mixed Methods Study." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2021.0132.

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Introduction: The level of alumni’s job satisfaction and preparedness has been found to affect the impact in the workplace. Little is known about alumni’s employment experience in Qatar. Objective: The aim of this study is to explore the employment preparedness, job satisfaction and impact in the workplace of College of pharmacy graduates in Qatar. Methods: A sequential exploratory mixed methods study was conducted. For the qualitative phase, data were collected by focus groups and were analyzed thematically. Quantitative data collection involved administration of a validated questionnaire. Results: Research findings suggested that college of Pharmacy (CPH) alumni were mostly well prepared in terms of knowledge and skills. They were mostly satisfied about the curriculum and the experiential learning experience. The participants were challenged by the lack of deep knowledge and skills needed for their area of expertise. COVID-19 pandemic was associated with increased workload and stress. Being a Qatar University graduate facilitated the recruitment process. Lastly, a positive impact in the workplace was reported through implementation of NAPRA competencies and AFPC learning outcomes. Conclusion: This study will facilitate the understanding of factors that affect the preparedness, job satisfaction of CPH alumni and their impact in the workplace, which will ultimately enhance the learning experience in CPH.

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Hodey, Louis S., and Fred M. Dzanku. Agricultural Commercialisation in South-Western Ghana. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2021.032.

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The Agricultural Policy Research in Africa study in Ghana consists of three work streams. This report contains results of the analyses of Work Stream 1 (WS1) baseline and endline survey datasets for Ghana. Oil palm commercialisation arrangements and outcomes are the focus of WS1 in Ghana. Case studies have been carried out in two districts – Ahanta West and Mpohor – in Western Region. This report highlights the changes between 2017 and 2019 for five APRA indicators, including agricultural commercialisation (input and output), employment, poverty (income, subjective poverty and household asset ownership), food security and women empowerment.

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AFANASYEVA, JU, S. GURIEVA, and M. KHUDALOVA. COPING STRATEGIES OF BOYS AND GIRLS IN A SITUATION OF ECONOMIC STRESS. Science and Innovation Center Publishing House, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2658-4034-2021-12-4-2-320-328.

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The article is devoted to the analysis of coping strategies of young people in the situation of unemployment caused by the economic crisis. It is described that the ways of overcoming the economic crisis among young people with different unemployment experience differ significantly in terms of the parameters of a well-thought-out job search, the expansion of social ties, the availability of help from relatives, the indicator of mental tension and unreliability. The obtained data can be used to develop adequate and effective forms of socio-psychological assistance and support for the unemployed for their further employment.

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Lazonick, William, Philip Moss, and Joshua Weitz. Equality Denied: Tech and African Americans. Institute for New Economic Thinking, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp177.

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Thus far in reporting the findings of our project “Fifty Years After: Black Employment in the United States Under the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission,” our analysis of what has happened to African American employment over the past half century has documented the importance of manufacturing employment to the upward socioeconomic mobility of Blacks in the 1960s and 1970s and the devastating impact of rationalization—the permanent elimination of blue-collar employment—on their socioeconomic mobility in the 1980s and beyond. The upward mobility of Blacks in the earlier decades was based on the Old Economy business model (OEBM) with its characteristic “career-with-one-company” (CWOC) employment relations. At its launching in 1965, the policy approach of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission assumed the existence of CWOC, providing corporate employees, Blacks included, with a potential path for upward socioeconomic mobility over the course of their working lives by gaining access to productive opportunities and higher pay through stable employment within companies. It was through these internal employment structures that Blacks could potentially overcome barriers to the long legacy of job and pay discrimination. In the 1960s and 1970s, the generally growing availability of unionized semiskilled jobs gave working people, including Blacks, the large measure of employment stability as well as rising wages and benefits characteristic of the lower levels of the middle class. The next stage in this process of upward socioeconomic mobility should have been—and in a nation as prosperous as the United States could have been—the entry of the offspring of the new Black blue-collar middle class into white-collar occupations requiring higher educations. Despite progress in the attainment of college degrees, however, Blacks have had very limited access to the best employment opportunities as professional, technical, and administrative personnel at U.S. technology companies. Since the 1980s, the barriers to African American upward socioeconomic mobility have occurred within the context of the marketization (the end of CWOC) and globalization (accessibility to transnational labor supplies) of high-tech employment relations in the United States. These new employment relations, which stress interfirm labor mobility instead of intrafirm employment structures in the building of careers, are characteristic of the rise of the New Economy business model (NEBM), as scrutinized in William Lazonick’s 2009 book, Sustainable Prosperity in the New Economy? Business Organization and High-Tech Employment in the United States (Upjohn Institute). In this paper, we analyze the exclusion of Blacks from STEM (science, technology, engineering, math) occupations, using EEO-1 employment data made public, voluntarily and exceptionally, for various years between 2014 and 2020 by major tech companies, including Alphabet (Google), Amazon, Apple, Cisco, Facebook (now Meta), Hewlett Packard Enterprise, HP Inc., Intel, Microsoft, PayPal, Salesforce, and Uber. These data document the vast over-representation of Asian Americans and vast under-representation of African Americans at these tech companies in recent years. The data also shine a light on the racial, ethnic, and gender composition of large masses of lower-paid labor in the United States at leading U.S. tech companies, including tens of thousands of sales workers at Apple and hundreds of thousands of laborers & helpers at Amazon. In the cases of Hewlett-Packard, IBM, and Intel, we have access to EEO-1 data from earlier decades that permit in-depth accounts of the employment transitions that characterized the demise of OEBM and the rise of NEBM. Given our findings from the EEO-1 data analysis, our paper then seeks to explain the enormous presence of Asian Americans and the glaring absence of African Americans in well-paid employment under NEBM. A cogent answer to this question requires an understanding of the institutional conditions that have determined the availability of qualified Asians and Blacks to fill these employment opportunities as well as the access of qualified people by race, ethnicity, and gender to the employment opportunities that are available. Our analysis of the racial/ethnic determinants of STEM employment focuses on a) stark differences among racial and ethnic groups in educational attainment and performance relevant to accessing STEM occupations, b) the decline in the implementation of affirmative-action legislation from the early 1980s, c) changes in U.S. immigration policy that favored the entry of well-educated Asians, especially with the passage of the Immigration Act of 1990, and d) consequent social barriers that qualified Blacks have faced relative to Asians and whites in accessing tech employment as a result of a combination of statistical discrimination against African Americans and their exclusion from effective social networks.

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Quirin, Jeffrey J., and David P. Donnelly. Occupational Stress and Turnover Issues Relating to Gender and Ethnicity: The Mediating Effects of Social Support, Locus of Control, and Employment Expectations. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada397628.

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Kumar, Indraneel, Lionel Beaulieu, Annie Cruz-Porter, Chun Song, Benjamin St. Germain, and Andrey Zhalnin. An Assessment of the Workforce and Occupations in the Highway, Street, and Bridge Construction Industries in Indiana. Purdue University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284315018.

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This project explores workforce and occupations within the highway, street, and bridge construction industries (NAICS 237310) in Indiana. There are five specific deliverable comprised of three data reports, one policy document, and a website. The first data report includes an assessment of the workforce based on the eight-part framework, which are industry, occupations, job postings, hard-to-fill jobs, Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP), GAP Analysis, compatibility, and automation. The report defines a cluster followed by a detailed analysis of the occupations, skills, job postings, etc., in the NAICS 237310 industry in Indiana. The report makes use of specialized labor market databases, such as the Economic Modeling Specialists International (EMSI), CHMURA JobsEQ, etc. The analysis is based only on the jobs covered under the unemployment insurance or the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW) data. The second data report analyzes jobs to jobs flows to and from the construction industry in Indiana, with a particular emphasis on the Great Recession, by utilizing the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) data. The third data report looks into the equal employment opportunity or Section 1391 and 1392 data for Indiana and analyzes specific characteristics of that data. The policy report includes a set of recommendations for workforce development for INDOT and a summary of the three data reports. The key data on occupations within the NAICS 237310 are provided in an interactive website. The website provides a data dashboard for individual INDOT Districts. The policy document recommends steps for development of the highways, streets and bridges construction workforce in INDOT Districts.

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Hazarika, Darshana. Mudige Arun Kumar. World Wide Journals, February 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36106/ijar/8406946.

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Any personal injury, sickness, or death caused by an employment accident is referred to as an occupational injury.These hazards can be categorized as physical (accidents and injuries),biological(diseases like inuenza, HIV, Anthrax etc.),psychological(stress, anxiety, depression) , chemical hazards (exposure to acids and pesticides), and environmental hazards(unsafe drinking water, inadequate sanitation, hazardous healthcare waste, etc).Occupational injuries are more widespread among workers in numerous sectors, factories, and health-care organizations and they constitute a critical worldwide health issue affecting the majority of people in various occupations. As a result, the current review sought to evaluate the prevalence, pattern, and risk factors of occupational hazards experienced by workers in a variety of situations.Searches for relevant articles were conducted in four electronic databases using a broad range of search terms.

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Evia V., José Luis, Fernando Candia C., and Luis Carlos Jemio M. Reforms and Counter-Reforms in Bolivia. Inter-American Development Bank, November 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010737.

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This paper analyzes reforms and counter-reforms in Bolivia in recent decades and their effects on the policymaking process (PMP) and productivity. Bolivias PMP has shifted from a formal representative democracy to a participative and direct type of democracy where street protest and other non-conventional forms of political participation have become dominant. While reforms have increased productivity, they have failed to secure the political support necessary to assure long-term sustainability. In contrast, counter-reforms have so far enjoyed extensive political support, but productivity has stagnated since this process started, with declining economic growth and job creationdevelopments likely to undermine support for the counter-reform process. The document stresses the need to rebuild a consensus around a PMP capable of increasing productivity and employment creation while restoring social cohesion.

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Balsa, Ana, Juanita Bloomfield, and Alejandro Cid. The Replication of a Parenting Behavioral Change Communication Intervention during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Too Much or Too Little Information? Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004682.

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Parenting programs can improve experiences during the early years and generate long-term outcomes in variables such as employment, health, education, and salary. The need to scale up parenting programs has driven the implementation of interventions based on communication technologies and behavioral economics. This paper compares two impact evaluations of the Positive Parenting program in 2018 and a fully remote adaptation of the program in 2020. The evaluation of the first edition, which included an intensive face-to-face parenting workshop and emails, found significant increases in parental involvement and in the quality of child-caregiver interaction. The evaluation of the second edition of the program, which only included the sending of remote messages and was carried out in the context of the pandemic, does not find statistically significant effects, except in variables such as equal cooperation in parenting tasks within the household and socialization activities. The difference in results could be explained by the absence of an in-person workshop, the greater extension of the messages and the attention divided between multiple sources of stress and distractions observed during the second edition.

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Godfrey, Jody. Transit Workforce Development Challenges and Mitigation Practices. Mineta Transportation Institute, May 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2024.2361.

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The objective of this research is to summarize previously conducted research related to workforce development challenges in the transit industry, detailing major findings and subsequent recommendations based on the annotated bibliography of the current atmosphere and most successful ways to mitigate those challenges to attract and retain talent in the transit industry. According to the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, the U.S. had over 10 million job openings and only 5.7 million unemployed workers in March 2023. In 2017, the Washington Post posited that there were not enough workers to fill the vacancies, as the U.S. Census Bureau announced a 17-year low in unemployment while the Bureau of Labor Statistics hit record streaks for numbers of job openings. The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated the employment challenges that the U.S. already faced. To top it all, the pandemic also led to increased retirement rates among those close to retirement age. This provides transit industry executives and transportation professionals, with ideas of tools that are available to help attract more qualified candidates to the transit industry and ways to advance the development of the transit workforce. This research highlights some of the social media recruiting; online hiring platform improvements; and partnerships with career centers, universities, and recruitment centers to attract new employees to the transit workforce. In addition, increases in pay, benefits, bonuses, providing flexible schedule options and some other atypical ideas have successfully been used to retain workers in the transit workforce. This research focuses on ways in which all transit stakeholders can invest in all aspects of industry workforce development to ensure qualified employees choose the transit industry and that they are subsequently trained to be the most beneficial assets to the organization and remain there via effective retention strategies.

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Ehrlich, Marcelo, John S. Parker, and Terence S. Dermody. Development of a Plasmid-Based Reverse Genetics System for the Bluetongue and Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Viruses to Allow a Comparative Characterization of the Function of the NS3 Viroporin in Viral Egress. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7699840.bard.

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Project Title: "Development of a plasmid-based reverse genetics system for the Bluetongue and Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease viruses to allow comparative characterization of the function of the NS3 viroporin in viral egress". Project details: No - IS-4192-09; Participants – Ehrlich M. (Tel Aviv University), Parker J.S. (Cornell University), DermodyT.S. (Vanderbilt University); Period - 2009-2013. Orbiviruses are insect-borne infectious agents of ruminants that cause diseases with considerable economical impact in Israel and the United States. The recent outbreaks of BTV in Europe and of Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus (EHDV) in Israel, underscore the need for: (i) a better comprehension of the infection process of orbiviruses, (ii) the identification of unique vs. common traits among different orbiviruses, (iii) the development of novel diagnosis and treatment techniques and approaches; all aimed at the achievement of more effective control and treatment measures. It is the context of these broad goals that the present project was carried out. To fulfill our long-term goal of identifying specific viral determinants of virulence, growth, and transmission of the orbiviruses, we proposed to: (i) develop reverse genetics systems for BTV and EHDV2-Ibaraki; and (ii) identify the molecular determinants of the NS3 nonstructural protein related to viroporin/viral egress activities. The first objective was pursued with a two-pronged approach: (i) development of a plasmid-based reverse genetics system for BTV-17, and (ii) development of an "in-vitro" transcription-based reverse genetics system for EHDV2-Ibaraki. Both approaches encountered technical problems that hampered their achievement. However, dissection of the possible causes of the failure to achieve viral spread of EHDV2-Ibaraki, following the transfection of in-vitro transcribed genomic segments of the virus, revealed a novel characteristic of EHDV2-Ibaraki infection: an uncharacteristically low fold increase in titer upon infection of different cell models. To address the function and regulation of NS3 we employed the following approaches: (i) development (together with Anima Cell Metrology) of a novel technique (based on the transfection of fluorescently-labeledtRNAs) that allows for the detection of the levels of synthesis of individual viral proteins (i.e. NS3) in single cells; (ii) development of a siRNA-mediated knockdown approach for the reduction in levels of expression of NS3 in EHDV2-Ibaraki infected cells; (iii) biochemical and microscopy-based analysis of the localization, levels and post-translational modifications of NS3 in infected cells. In addition, we identified the altered regulation and spatial compartmentalization of protein synthesis in cells infected with EHDV2-Ibaraki or the mammalian reovirus. In EHDV2-Ibaraki-infected cells such altered regulation in protein synthesis occurs in the context of a cell stress reponse that includes the induction of apoptosis, autophagy and activation of the stressrelated kinase c-Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK). Interestingly, inhibition of such stress-related cellular processes diminishes the production of infectious virions, suggesting that EHDV usurps these responses for the benefit of efficient infection. Taken together, while the present project fell short of the generation of novel reverse genetics systems for orbiviruses, the development of novel experimental approaches and techniques, and their employment in the analysis of EHDV-infected cells, yielded novel insights in the interactions of orbiviruses with mammalian cells.

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